80_FR_43151 80 FR 43012 - Policy Regarding Living History Flight Experience Exemptions for Passenger Carrying Operations Conducted for Compensation and Hire in Other Than Standard Category Aircraft

80 FR 43012 - Policy Regarding Living History Flight Experience Exemptions for Passenger Carrying Operations Conducted for Compensation and Hire in Other Than Standard Category Aircraft

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration

Federal Register Volume 80, Issue 139 (July 21, 2015)

Page Range43012-43015
FR Document2015-17966

With this document, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) cancels all previous agency policies pertaining to the carriage of passengers for compensation on Living History Flight Experience (LHFE) flights. This policy statement announces the end of FAA moratorium on new petitions for exemption, or amendments to exemptions from certain sections of Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) for the purpose of carrying passengers for compensation or hire on LHFE Flights.

Federal Register, Volume 80 Issue 139 (Tuesday, July 21, 2015)
[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 139 (Tuesday, July 21, 2015)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 43012-43015]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2015-17966]


-----------------------------------------------------------------------

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration

14 CFR Parts 91 and 119

[Docket No. FAA-FAA-2015-0517]


Policy Regarding Living History Flight Experience Exemptions for 
Passenger Carrying Operations Conducted for Compensation and Hire in 
Other Than Standard Category Aircraft

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION: Notice of policy statement.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: With this document, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) 
cancels all previous agency policies pertaining to the carriage of 
passengers for compensation on Living History Flight Experience (LHFE) 
flights. This policy statement announces the end of FAA moratorium on 
new petitions for exemption, or amendments to exemptions from certain 
sections of Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) for the 
purpose of carrying passengers for compensation or hire on LHFE 
Flights.

DATES: The moratorium will end on July 21, 2015.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: General Aviation and Commercial 
Division, General Aviation Operations Branch (AFS-830), Flight 
Standards Service, FAA, 800 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 
20591; telephone (202) 267-1100; [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

    The FAA has historically found the preservation of U.S. aviation 
history to be in the public interest, including preservation of certain 
former military

[[Page 43013]]

aircraft transferred to private individuals or organizations for the 
purpose of restoring and operating these aircraft. In 1996, the FAA 
received exemption requests from not-for-profit organizations to permit 
the carriage of persons for compensation in both Limited and 
Experimental category, former-military, historically-significant 
aircraft. These requests offered to provide a short in-flight 
experience to these aircraft in exchange for compensation, leading to 
the term Nostalgia Flights, then later Living History Flight Experience 
(LHFE), and provided a means for private civilian owners to offset the 
considerable restoration, maintenance and operational costs. The FAA 
determined that, in certain cases, operators could conduct LHFE flights 
at an acceptable level of safety and in the public interest, in 
accordance with appropriate conditions and limitations.
    These original requests involved large, crew-served, piston-
powered, multi-engine World War II (WWII) vintage aircraft. In order to 
maintain safe operations of these aircraft, the FAA required flight 
crewmembers to meet certain qualifications and training requirements 
that included FAA-approved training, maintaining training records, and 
reporting procedures. As the public availability of purchase for former 
military aircraft increased, along with an increase in public interest 
for maintaining and operating these aircraft, so grew the requests for 
LHFE relief.
    In 2004, to address a range of new aircraft requests and clarify 
the FAA's position, the FAA published a notice of policy statement 
(FAA-2004-17648). The policy limited LHFE relief to slower, piston-
powered, multi-engine airplanes of WWII or earlier vintage, citing the 
unique opportunity to experience flight in aircraft such as the B-17 
Flying Fortress and B-24 Liberator which could still be operated 
safely, considering limited parts and specialty-fuel supplies. In 
addition, qualifying aircraft would have no similar standard 
airworthiness counterpart that could allow a similar experience without 
the need for regulatory relief. The FAA also determined supersonic jets 
would not be considered because their operational speeds made it likely 
that any in-flight emergency may result in serious injuries or 
fatalities. The policy detailed that, in permitting the carriage of 
passengers, flight crewmembers were required to meet more stringent 
pilot qualifications as well as training requirements that included an 
FAA-approved training program, maintenance of training records, and 
reporting procedures.
    In the years that followed, the FAA received petitions to operate a 
broad range of aircraft, including large turbojet-powered aircraft, 
foreign-manufactured aircraft and aircraft models that remained in 
military service, or were readily available in the open market. The 
petitions raised significant concerns within the FAA, and led to a 
reexamination and refinement of the criteria for issuing exemptions 
pertaining to LHFE flights.
    In 2007, after requesting and receiving public comment on the 
matter, the FAA published an updated policy statement (72 FR 57196) 
that provided consideration for any aircraft on a case-by-case basis, 
so long as the petitioner demonstrates that (1) there is an overriding 
public interest in providing a financial means for a non-profit 
organization to continue to preserve and operate these historic 
aircraft, and (2) adequate measures, including all conditions and 
limitations stipulated in the exemption, will be taken to ensure 
safety. Additionally, the FAA refined and expanded its previous list of 
criteria, requiring numerous aircraft-operation components, including 
crew qualification and training, aircraft maintenance and inspection, 
passenger safety and training, safety of the non-participating public, 
as well as manufacturing criteria, and a petitioner's non-profit 
status. The FAA also included consideration for the number of existing 
operational aircraft and petitioners available to provide the historic 
service to the public.
    The evolution of LHFE operations in the private sector, along with 
the availability of newer and more capable former military aircraft, 
raised new public safety and public policy concerns. The FAA 
accommodated several requests to operate more modern military jet 
aircraft. Conditions and limitations for operations grew in number, and 
were, in some cases, misinterpreted as permitting operations that the 
FAA did not contemplate or intend. Examples included cases of 
passengers manipulating the aircraft flight controls to proposals of 
LHFE flights performing aerobatic maneuvers, simulating aerial combat 
in the interest of ``historical experience.''
    Consequently, in 2011, the FAA published a new policy statement 
announcing a moratorium on LHFE exemptions for new operators and the 
addition of aircraft to existing LHFE exemptions. The moratorium 
permitted existing exemption holders to continue operations, and to 
renew their exemptions, but stated that the FAA would add clarifying 
limitations to all LHFE petitions renewed or extended during that time.
    In June of 2012, the FAA held public meetings to gather additional 
technical input. Discussion addressed 35 questions posed by the FAA and 
included as part of the meeting notice. In addition to statements 
provided by the public meeting attendees, over 500 comments were 
received in the docket (Docket No. FAA-2012-0374) established for 
public input. The meeting was focused to address industry comments 
related to the LHFE policy notices of 2004 and 2007 and areas of 
concern based on safety recommendations, FAA internal discussions, and 
post 2007 developments. Small work groups were formed to discuss 
general policy, exemption issuance, limitations, weather minimums, 
pilot qualification and currency, and maintenance and inspection. The 
area of interest that generated the most discussion was regarding 
limitations placed on LHFE operations--specifically, passengers 
occupying crew seats or positions, aerobatics, and requirements for 
arresting gear for high performance jets. The largest general policy 
topic discussed was regarding whether the FAA planned on excluding 
turbojets or supersonic aircraft in the policy. The work groups also 
explored criteria for determining historical significance, replicas, 
operational control and responsible persons, manuals, compliance 
history, and training requirements.
    The majority of the 519 written comments were either in favor of 
keeping the existing exemption policy or expanding on its provisions. 
Fifty-nine (11%) comment submissions desired no changes to the current 
LHFE policy. Eight commenters provided detailed comments to each of the 
questions posed within the FAA's areas of interest. In regards to 
training, safety and operational control, a commenter stated his belief 
that the employees/pilots/crew of the aircraft for hire have annual 
training and that the aircraft should be on an FAA/manufacturer 
approved inspection program, and that this training and adherence to 
the required and recommended inspections/maintenance provides a 
reasonable level of government protection to the flying and non-flying 
public. Eight commenters suggested a more restrictive LHFE Exemption 
policy, and one commenter supported the use of drug testing for LHFE 
flight crews. One commenter suggested that good guidance already exists 
in the A008 Operations Specification of Part 135 certificate holders, 
and that much of

[[Page 43014]]

that guidance can be reasonably applied to LHFE. The FAA concurs and 
finds good reason to include certain elements found in part 135; 
specifically those related to operational control and document 
structure. 516 (99%) written comments expressed support for LHFE 
exemptions, while three (1%) were opposed.
    The FAA also held meetings with curators at the Smithsonian 
National Air and Space Museum and reviewed the United States General 
Accounting Office (GAO) report on Preserving DOD Aircraft Significant 
to Aviation History to understand how other organizations determine 
``historical significance'' as part of determining criteria to satisfy 
``public interest''.
    Also during the moratorium, two accidents involving LHFE operators 
occurred which led the FAA to further research and develop safety 
mitigations to operational and maintenance issues highlighted by the 
investigations. The need to develop a safety and risk management system 
as part of the new policy was evident, and supported by comments 
received. One such comment stated, in part that it is important to try 
and mitigate some of the risks and to inform the public about the risks 
of the activity.
    Therefore, based on FAA research, comments and transcripts of the 
public meeting, as well as an evaluation of public safety risks, the 
FAA finds good reason to publish a new policy. While the FAA is lifting 
the 2011 moratorium with this policy, we are also setting forth 
specific criteria that the FAA will use in considering any LHFE 
petition for exemption, or petition to extend or amend an existing 
exemption.

FAA Policy

    The FAA announces the end of the FAA-imposed moratorium on new 
petitions for exemption, or amendments to existing exemptions, from 
certain sections of 14 CFR for the purpose of carrying passengers for 
compensation or hire on LHFE flights. The FAA is also cancelling all 
previously issued LHFE policy statements. The FAA will now consider new 
petitions for exemption, or requests for extensions or amendments to 
current exemptions in accordance with the following criteria.

A. Aircraft Must Be ``Historically Significant''

    Each aircraft must be ``historically significant'' according to the 
following criteria:
    1. U.S. operated: The aircraft must meet a documented set of U.S. 
military standards for its airworthiness and operations in U.S. 
military service.
    2. Not in service: Aircraft currently operated by the U.S. military 
or in civilian service will not be considered. This exclusion includes 
variants of those aircraft.
    3. Fragile: The aircraft must be ``fragile.'' Accepted practices in 
the collection of aircraft include ``fragility'' as a factor that 
necessitates preservation. If there are hundreds of models of a 
particular aircraft still flying, that aircraft's existence would not 
be considered ``fragile.'' If, on the other hand, there are few 
remaining aircraft and the model could become ``extinct'' without 
preservation efforts, that aircraft would be considered ``fragile.'' 
Each aircraft request will be reviewed for ``fragility'' on a case-by-
case basis.
    4. Age: The original type design must be at least 50 years old. 
This requirement is consistent with the policy used by the National 
Register of Historical Places to determine historical significance 
(Reference: National Register Bulletin: Guidelines for Evaluating and 
Documenting Historic Aviation Properties. US Department of Interior, 
1998, p. 34-35).
    5. No Available Standard Category Aircraft: Aircraft for which a 
standard category civilian model is available will not be considered. 
(e.g., the T-28A achieved certification as a standard aircraft, while 
the other versions, T-28B/C, etc. were strictly military variants and 
not eligible for certification in the standard category).
    Replicas will not be considered. This element relates to the 
``integrity'' of the structure or object as defined by the National 
Register of Historical Places, as described in the GAO report on 
Aircraft Preservation (Reference: Aircraft Preservation: Preserving DOD 
Aircraft Significant to Aviation History, GAO/NSIAD-8-170BR, May 1988, 
Appendix III, p. 13).

B. Designation of a Responsible Person and Operational Control 
Structure

    The FAA will review each petition to identify a responsible party, 
and an operational control structure or chain of command within the 
manual system for pilots, maintenance, and support personnel. 
Consequently, each petition should designate a responsible person whom 
the FAA can contact for both operations and maintenance functions.

C. Safety & Risk Analysis

    The FAA will use Safety Risk Management (SRM) and Equal Level of 
Safety (ELoS) principles to guide its safety review in connection with 
any future LHFE exemption petition or request. This safety review will 
include, but will not be limited to, an analysis of whether hazards and 
risks have been identified and responded to through appropriate 
mitigating strategies. As such, each petitioner should be guided by the 
following criteria:
     An understanding and use of Safety Risk Management (SRM) 
principles.
     A plan to mitigate risks as they become known, or to 
correct an unsafe condition or practice. This includes, but is not 
limited to, risks in design, manufacturing, maintenance and operations.
     A detailed explanation of all supporting and historical 
safety-related data, such as: Maintenance history, airworthiness 
status, conformity to the Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS--for 
Limited category airworthiness certificates), operational failure 
modes, aging aircraft factors, and civilian and military accident 
rates. For example, the FAA will consider:
    [cir] Operator history, including accidents and incidents, 
regulatory compliance and FAA surveillance history.
    [cir] Maintenance records, including modifications.
    [cir] Training records.
    [cir] The aircraft's operational history, including the operator's 
proposed mitigation of known risks.
    [cir] Operating limitations to enhance safety, clarify, and 
remediate differences in like aircraft.
    [cir] The FAA will assess and, if necessary, require changes to 
passenger safety in terms of configuration, seats, crashworthiness, and 
emergency egress, etc.
     The operator should be able to demonstrate to the FAA, 
upon request, the passenger's ability to egress each aircraft in the 
event of an emergency in which the crewmember(s) is unable to assist.

D. Manual System

    LHFE operators should be able to demonstrate the existence of a 
manual system similar in terms of intent and scope of those in 14 CFR 
part 135. The FAA will evaluate the operator's manuals, including:
     Operations Manual (General Operations Manual-GOM).
     Pilot Training Manual and Qualifications.
     Maintenance and Line Support Training Manuals.
     Maintenance Manual (AIP) including, but not limited to:
    [cir] Review of previously approved AIPs as provided by 14 CFR 
91.415
    [cir] Maintenance training elements.
    [cir] Replacement plan for time-limited parts or development of an 
on-condition inspection program for such parts.

[[Page 43015]]

    [cir] Aging aircraft inspection program.
    [cir] Corrosion inspection program.
    [cir] Continued Operational Safety (COS).
     SMS Manual.

E. Other Considerations

    LHFE operations, as it applies to the passenger(s) experience, is 
limited to the sole purpose of being onboard the aircraft during 
flight. The FAA will not consider expanded operations such as flight 
training, aerobatics, and passenger manipulation of the flight 
controls.
    The FAA will always consider whether a request benefits the public 
as a whole and how the request would provide a level of safety at least 
equal to that provided by the rule in accordance with 14 CFR 11.81. 
Moreover, the FAA may impose additional conditions and limitations or 
deny petitions regardless of this policy statement to adequately 
mitigate safety concerns and risk factors as they become known.

Filing a Petition for Exemption or To Request an Amendment or Extension 
to an Existing Exemption

    To submit a petition for exemption or to request an amendment or 
extension to an existing exemption, all petitioners must follow the 
procedures set forth in part 11 of title 14 of the Code of Federal 
Regulations.

    Issued in Washington, DC, on July 10, 2015.
John S. Duncan,
Director, Flight Standards Service.
[FR Doc. 2015-17966 Filed 7-20-15; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 4910-13-P



                                                  43012               Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 139 / Tuesday, July 21, 2015 / Rules and Regulations

                                                  Authority for This Rulemaking                            § 39.13   [Amended]                                      (3) For service information identified in
                                                                                                           ■ 2. The FAA amends § 39.13 by adding                 this AD, contact Pratt & Whitney, 400 Main
                                                     Title 49 of the United States Code                                                                          St., East Hartford, CT 06108; phone: 860–
                                                  specifies the FAA’s authority to issue                   the following new airworthiness
                                                                                                                                                                 565–8770; fax: 860–565–4503.
                                                  rules on aviation safety. Subtitle I,                    directive (AD):                                          (4) You may view this service information
                                                  section 106, describes the authority of                  2015–14–05 Pratt & Whitney: Amendment                 at the FAA, Engine & Propeller Directorate,
                                                  the FAA Administrator. Subtitle VII:                         39–18203; Docket No. FAA–2014–1127;               12 New England Executive Park, Burlington,
                                                  Aviation Programs, describes in more                         Directorate Identifier 2014–NE–16–AD.             MA. For information on the availability of
                                                                                                                                                                 this material at the FAA, call 781–238–7125.
                                                  detail the scope of the Agency’s                         (a) Effective Date
                                                  authority.                                                 This AD is effective August 25, 2015.               (i) Material Incorporated by Reference
                                                     We are issuing this rulemaking under                                                                           None.
                                                                                                           (b) Affected ADs
                                                  the authority described in Subtitle VII,                                                                         Issued in Burlington, Massachusetts, on
                                                  Part A, Subpart III, Section 44701:                        None.
                                                                                                                                                                 June 26, 2015.
                                                  ‘‘General requirements.’’ Under that                     (c) Applicability                                     Ann C. Mollica,
                                                  section, Congress charges the FAA with                      This AD applies to all Pratt & Whitney             Acting Directorate Manager, Engine &
                                                  promoting safe flight of civil aircraft in               (PW) JT8D–217C and JT8D–219 turbofan                  Propeller Directorate, Aircraft Certification
                                                  air commerce by prescribing regulations                  engines with low-pressure turbine (LPT)               Service.
                                                  for practices, methods, and procedures                   shaft part numbers 783319, 783319–001,
                                                                                                                                                                 [FR Doc. 2015–17710 Filed 7–20–15; 8:45 am]
                                                  the Administrator finds necessary for                    783319–003, 783319–004, 783320, 783320–
                                                                                                           001, 783320–003, 783320–004, 820514–001,              BILLING CODE 4910–13–P
                                                  safety in air commerce. This regulation
                                                                                                           820514–003, 820514–004, or 820514–005,
                                                  is within the scope of that authority
                                                                                                           installed.
                                                  because it addresses an unsafe condition                                                                       DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
                                                  that is likely to exist or develop on                    (d) Unsafe Condition
                                                  products identified in this rulemaking                     This AD was prompted by reports of                  Federal Aviation Administration
                                                  action.                                                  cracking in the LPT shaft. We are issuing this
                                                                                                           AD to prevent failure of the LPT shaft, which         14 CFR Parts 91 and 119
                                                  Regulatory Findings                                      could lead to an uncontained engine failure
                                                    This AD will not have federalism                       and damage to the airplane.                           [Docket No. FAA–FAA–2015–0517]
                                                  implications under Executive Order                       (e) Compliance                                        Policy Regarding Living History Flight
                                                  13132. This AD will not have a                              Comply with this AD within the                     Experience Exemptions for Passenger
                                                  substantial direct effect on the States, on              compliance times specified, unless already            Carrying Operations Conducted for
                                                  the relationship between the national                    done.
                                                                                                                                                                 Compensation and Hire in Other Than
                                                  government and the States, or on the                        (1) If the LPT shaft has 15,000 or fewer
                                                                                                           cycles-since-new (CSN) on the effective date          Standard Category Aircraft
                                                  distribution of power and
                                                                                                           of this AD, remove it from service before it          AGENCY: Federal Aviation
                                                  responsibilities among the various
                                                                                                           accumulates 20,000 CSN.
                                                  levels of government.                                       (2) If the LPT shaft has more than 15,000
                                                                                                                                                                 Administration (FAA), DOT.
                                                    For the reasons discussed above, I                     CSN on the effective date of this AD, remove          ACTION: Notice of policy statement.
                                                  certify that this AD:                                    it from service before it accumulates 5,000
                                                    (1) Is not a ‘‘significant regulatory                  additional cycles in service, or at the next          SUMMARY:   With this document, the
                                                  action’’ under Executive Order 12866,                    piece-part exposure after accumulating                Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
                                                    (2) Is not a ‘‘significant rule’’ under                20,000 CSN, whichever occurs first.                   cancels all previous agency policies
                                                  DOT Regulatory Policies and Procedures                      (3) After the effective date of this AD, do        pertaining to the carriage of passengers
                                                                                                           not install any LPT shaft listed in paragraph         for compensation on Living History
                                                  (44 FR 11034, February 26, 1979),                        (c) of this AD that is at piece-part exposure
                                                    (3) Will not affect intrastate aviation                                                                      Flight Experience (LHFE) flights. This
                                                                                                           and exceeds the new life limit of 20,000 CSN,
                                                  in Alaska to the extent that it justifies                                                                      policy statement announces the end of
                                                                                                           into any engine.
                                                  making a regulatory distinction, and                                                                           FAA moratorium on new petitions for
                                                                                                           (f) Definition                                        exemption, or amendments to
                                                    (4) Will not have a significant
                                                  economic impact, positive or negative,                      For the purpose of this AD, piece-part             exemptions from certain sections of
                                                                                                           exposure is when the LPT shaft is completely          Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations
                                                  on a substantial number of small entities                disassembled from the engine.
                                                  under the criteria of the Regulatory                                                                           (14 CFR) for the purpose of carrying
                                                  Flexibility Act.                                         (g) Alternative Methods of Compliance                 passengers for compensation or hire on
                                                                                                           (AMOCs)                                               LHFE Flights.
                                                  List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 39                          The Manager, Engine Certification Office,          DATES: The moratorium will end on July
                                                    Air transportation, Aircraft, Aviation                 FAA, may approve AMOCs for this AD. Use               21, 2015.
                                                  safety, Incorporation by reference,                      the procedures found in 14 CFR 39.19 to               FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
                                                                                                           make your request. You may email your                 General Aviation and Commercial
                                                  Safety.
                                                                                                           request to: ANE-AD-AMOC@faa.gov.
                                                                                                                                                                 Division, General Aviation Operations
                                                  Adoption of the Amendment                                (h) Related Information                               Branch (AFS–830), Flight Standards
                                                    Accordingly, under the authority                         (1) For more information about this AD,             Service, FAA, 800 Independence
                                                  delegated to me by the Administrator,                    contact Jo-Ann Theriault, Aerospace                   Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20591;
                                                  the FAA amends 14 CFR part 39 as                         Engineer, Engine Certification Office, FAA,           telephone (202) 267–1100; 9-AFS-800-
asabaliauskas on DSK5VPTVN1PROD with RULES




                                                  follows:                                                 Engine & Propeller Directorate, 12 New                Correspondence-Mail@faa.gov.
                                                                                                           England Executive Park, Burlington, MA
                                                                                                                                                                 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
                                                  PART 39—AIRWORTHINESS                                    01803; phone: 781–238–7105; fax: 781–238–
                                                  DIRECTIVES                                               7199; email: jo-ann.theriault@faa.gov.                Background
                                                                                                             (2) PW Service Bulletin No. JT8D 6504,
                                                                                                           dated November 5, 2014, which is not                    The FAA has historically found the
                                                  ■ 1. The authority citation for part 39                                                                        preservation of U.S. aviation history to
                                                                                                           incorporated by reference in this AD, can be
                                                  continues to read as follows:                            obtained from PW using the contact                    be in the public interest, including
                                                      Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701.           information in paragraph (h)(3) of this AD.           preservation of certain former military


                                             VerDate Sep<11>2014   16:53 Jul 20, 2015   Jkt 235001   PO 00000   Frm 00006   Fmt 4700   Sfmt 4700   E:\FR\FM\21JYR1.SGM   21JYR1


                                                                      Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 139 / Tuesday, July 21, 2015 / Rules and Regulations                                          43013

                                                  aircraft transferred to private                             In the years that followed, the FAA                LHFE petitions renewed or extended
                                                  individuals or organizations for the                     received petitions to operate a broad                 during that time.
                                                  purpose of restoring and operating these                 range of aircraft, including large                      In June of 2012, the FAA held public
                                                  aircraft. In 1996, the FAA received                      turbojet-powered aircraft, foreign-                   meetings to gather additional technical
                                                  exemption requests from not-for-profit                   manufactured aircraft and aircraft                    input. Discussion addressed 35
                                                  organizations to permit the carriage of                  models that remained in military                      questions posed by the FAA and
                                                  persons for compensation in both                         service, or were readily available in the             included as part of the meeting notice.
                                                  Limited and Experimental category,                       open market. The petitions raised                     In addition to statements provided by
                                                  former-military, historically-significant                significant concerns within the FAA,                  the public meeting attendees, over 500
                                                  aircraft. These requests offered to                      and led to a reexamination and                        comments were received in the docket
                                                  provide a short in-flight experience to                  refinement of the criteria for issuing                (Docket No. FAA–2012–0374)
                                                  these aircraft in exchange for                           exemptions pertaining to LHFE flights.                established for public input. The
                                                  compensation, leading to the term                           In 2007, after requesting and receiving            meeting was focused to address industry
                                                  Nostalgia Flights, then later Living                     public comment on the matter, the FAA                 comments related to the LHFE policy
                                                  History Flight Experience (LHFE), and                    published an updated policy statement                 notices of 2004 and 2007 and areas of
                                                  provided a means for private civilian                    (72 FR 57196) that provided                           concern based on safety
                                                  owners to offset the considerable                        consideration for any aircraft on a case-             recommendations, FAA internal
                                                  restoration, maintenance and                             by-case basis, so long as the petitioner              discussions, and post 2007
                                                  operational costs. The FAA determined                    demonstrates that (1) there is an                     developments. Small work groups were
                                                  that, in certain cases, operators could                  overriding public interest in providing a             formed to discuss general policy,
                                                  conduct LHFE flights at an acceptable                    financial means for a non-profit                      exemption issuance, limitations,
                                                  level of safety and in the public interest,              organization to continue to preserve and              weather minimums, pilot qualification
                                                  in accordance with appropriate                           operate these historic aircraft, and (2)              and currency, and maintenance and
                                                  conditions and limitations.                              adequate measures, including all                      inspection. The area of interest that
                                                     These original requests involved                      conditions and limitations stipulated in              generated the most discussion was
                                                  large, crew-served, piston-powered,                      the exemption, will be taken to ensure                regarding limitations placed on LHFE
                                                  multi-engine World War II (WWII)                         safety. Additionally, the FAA refined                 operations—specifically, passengers
                                                                                                           and expanded its previous list of                     occupying crew seats or positions,
                                                  vintage aircraft. In order to maintain
                                                                                                           criteria, requiring numerous aircraft-                aerobatics, and requirements for
                                                  safe operations of these aircraft, the
                                                                                                           operation components, including crew                  arresting gear for high performance jets.
                                                  FAA required flight crewmembers to
                                                                                                           qualification and training, aircraft                  The largest general policy topic
                                                  meet certain qualifications and training
                                                                                                                                                                 discussed was regarding whether the
                                                  requirements that included FAA-                          maintenance and inspection, passenger
                                                                                                                                                                 FAA planned on excluding turbojets or
                                                  approved training, maintaining training                  safety and training, safety of the non-
                                                                                                                                                                 supersonic aircraft in the policy. The
                                                  records, and reporting procedures. As                    participating public, as well as
                                                                                                                                                                 work groups also explored criteria for
                                                  the public availability of purchase for                  manufacturing criteria, and a
                                                                                                                                                                 determining historical significance,
                                                  former military aircraft increased, along                petitioner’s non-profit status. The FAA
                                                                                                                                                                 replicas, operational control and
                                                  with an increase in public interest for                  also included consideration for the
                                                                                                                                                                 responsible persons, manuals,
                                                  maintaining and operating these aircraft,                number of existing operational aircraft
                                                                                                                                                                 compliance history, and training
                                                  so grew the requests for LHFE relief.                    and petitioners available to provide the
                                                                                                                                                                 requirements.
                                                     In 2004, to address a range of new                    historic service to the public.                         The majority of the 519 written
                                                  aircraft requests and clarify the FAA’s                     The evolution of LHFE operations in                comments were either in favor of
                                                  position, the FAA published a notice of                  the private sector, along with the                    keeping the existing exemption policy
                                                  policy statement (FAA–2004–17648).                       availability of newer and more capable                or expanding on its provisions. Fifty-
                                                  The policy limited LHFE relief to                        former military aircraft, raised new                  nine (11%) comment submissions
                                                  slower, piston-powered, multi-engine                     public safety and public policy                       desired no changes to the current LHFE
                                                  airplanes of WWII or earlier vintage,                    concerns. The FAA accommodated                        policy. Eight commenters provided
                                                  citing the unique opportunity to                         several requests to operate more modern               detailed comments to each of the
                                                  experience flight in aircraft such as the                military jet aircraft. Conditions and                 questions posed within the FAA’s areas
                                                  B–17 Flying Fortress and B–24 Liberator                  limitations for operations grew in                    of interest. In regards to training, safety
                                                  which could still be operated safely,                    number, and were, in some cases,                      and operational control, a commenter
                                                  considering limited parts and specialty-                 misinterpreted as permitting operations               stated his belief that the employees/
                                                  fuel supplies. In addition, qualifying                   that the FAA did not contemplate or                   pilots/crew of the aircraft for hire have
                                                  aircraft would have no similar standard                  intend. Examples included cases of                    annual training and that the aircraft
                                                  airworthiness counterpart that could                     passengers manipulating the aircraft                  should be on an FAA/manufacturer
                                                  allow a similar experience without the                   flight controls to proposals of LHFE                  approved inspection program, and that
                                                  need for regulatory relief. The FAA also                 flights performing aerobatic maneuvers,               this training and adherence to the
                                                  determined supersonic jets would not                     simulating aerial combat in the interest              required and recommended inspections/
                                                  be considered because their operational                  of ‘‘historical experience.’’                         maintenance provides a reasonable level
                                                  speeds made it likely that any in-flight                    Consequently, in 2011, the FAA                     of government protection to the flying
                                                  emergency may result in serious injuries                 published a new policy statement                      and non-flying public. Eight
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                                                  or fatalities. The policy detailed that, in              announcing a moratorium on LHFE                       commenters suggested a more restrictive
                                                  permitting the carriage of passengers,                   exemptions for new operators and the                  LHFE Exemption policy, and one
                                                  flight crewmembers were required to                      addition of aircraft to existing LHFE                 commenter supported the use of drug
                                                  meet more stringent pilot qualifications                 exemptions. The moratorium permitted                  testing for LHFE flight crews. One
                                                  as well as training requirements that                    existing exemption holders to continue                commenter suggested that good
                                                  included an FAA-approved training                        operations, and to renew their                        guidance already exists in the A008
                                                  program, maintenance of training                         exemptions, but stated that the FAA                   Operations Specification of Part 135
                                                  records, and reporting procedures.                       would add clarifying limitations to all               certificate holders, and that much of


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                                                  43014               Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 139 / Tuesday, July 21, 2015 / Rules and Regulations

                                                  that guidance can be reasonably applied                     2. Not in service: Aircraft currently              of whether hazards and risks have been
                                                  to LHFE. The FAA concurs and finds                       operated by the U.S. military or in                   identified and responded to through
                                                  good reason to include certain elements                  civilian service will not be considered.              appropriate mitigating strategies. As
                                                  found in part 135; specifically those                    This exclusion includes variants of                   such, each petitioner should be guided
                                                  related to operational control and                       those aircraft.                                       by the following criteria:
                                                  document structure. 516 (99%) written                       3. Fragile: The aircraft must be                      • An understanding and use of Safety
                                                  comments expressed support for LHFE                      ‘‘fragile.’’ Accepted practices in the                Risk Management (SRM) principles.
                                                  exemptions, while three (1%) were                        collection of aircraft include ‘‘fragility’’             • A plan to mitigate risks as they
                                                  opposed.                                                 as a factor that necessitates preservation.           become known, or to correct an unsafe
                                                     The FAA also held meetings with                       If there are hundreds of models of a                  condition or practice. This includes, but
                                                  curators at the Smithsonian National Air                 particular aircraft still flying, that                is not limited to, risks in design,
                                                  and Space Museum and reviewed the                        aircraft’s existence would not be                     manufacturing, maintenance and
                                                  United States General Accounting Office                  considered ‘‘fragile.’’ If, on the other              operations.
                                                  (GAO) report on Preserving DOD                           hand, there are few remaining aircraft                   • A detailed explanation of all
                                                  Aircraft Significant to Aviation History                 and the model could become ‘‘extinct’’                supporting and historical safety-related
                                                  to understand how other organizations                    without preservation efforts, that aircraft           data, such as: Maintenance history,
                                                  determine ‘‘historical significance’’ as                 would be considered ‘‘fragile.’’ Each                 airworthiness status, conformity to the
                                                  part of determining criteria to satisfy                  aircraft request will be reviewed for                 Type Certificate Data Sheet (TCDS—for
                                                  ‘‘public interest’’.                                     ‘‘fragility’’ on a case-by-case basis.                Limited category airworthiness
                                                     Also during the moratorium, two                          4. Age: The original type design must              certificates), operational failure modes,
                                                  accidents involving LHFE operators                       be at least 50 years old. This                        aging aircraft factors, and civilian and
                                                  occurred which led the FAA to further                    requirement is consistent with the                    military accident rates. For example, the
                                                  research and develop safety mitigations                  policy used by the National Register of               FAA will consider:
                                                  to operational and maintenance issues                    Historical Places to determine historical                Æ Operator history, including
                                                  highlighted by the investigations. The                   significance (Reference: National                     accidents and incidents, regulatory
                                                  need to develop a safety and risk                        Register Bulletin: Guidelines for                     compliance and FAA surveillance
                                                  management system as part of the new                     Evaluating and Documenting Historic                   history.
                                                  policy was evident, and supported by                     Aviation Properties. US Department of                    Æ Maintenance records, including
                                                  comments received. One such comment                      Interior, 1998, p. 34–35).                            modifications.
                                                  stated, in part that it is important to try                 5. No Available Standard Category                     Æ Training records.
                                                  and mitigate some of the risks and to                    Aircraft: Aircraft for which a standard                  Æ The aircraft’s operational history,
                                                  inform the public about the risks of the                 category civilian model is available will             including the operator’s proposed
                                                  activity.                                                not be considered. (e.g., the T–28A                   mitigation of known risks.
                                                     Therefore, based on FAA research,                     achieved certification as a standard                     Æ Operating limitations to enhance
                                                  comments and transcripts of the public                   aircraft, while the other versions, T–                safety, clarify, and remediate differences
                                                  meeting, as well as an evaluation of                     28B/C, etc. were strictly military                    in like aircraft.
                                                  public safety risks, the FAA finds good                  variants and not eligible for certification              Æ The FAA will assess and, if
                                                  reason to publish a new policy. While                    in the standard category).                            necessary, require changes to passenger
                                                  the FAA is lifting the 2011 moratorium                      Replicas will not be considered. This              safety in terms of configuration, seats,
                                                  with this policy, we are also setting                    element relates to the ‘‘integrity’’ of the           crashworthiness, and emergency egress,
                                                  forth specific criteria that the FAA will                structure or object as defined by the                 etc.
                                                  use in considering any LHFE petition                     National Register of Historical Places, as               • The operator should be able to
                                                  for exemption, or petition to extend or                  described in the GAO report on Aircraft               demonstrate to the FAA, upon request,
                                                  amend an existing exemption.                             Preservation (Reference: Aircraft                     the passenger’s ability to egress each
                                                                                                           Preservation: Preserving DOD Aircraft                 aircraft in the event of an emergency in
                                                  FAA Policy                                               Significant to Aviation History, GAO/                 which the crewmember(s) is unable to
                                                    The FAA announces the end of the                       NSIAD–8–170BR, May 1988, Appendix                     assist.
                                                  FAA-imposed moratorium on new                            III, p. 13).
                                                  petitions for exemption, or amendments                                                                         D. Manual System
                                                  to existing exemptions, from certain                     B. Designation of a Responsible Person                  LHFE operators should be able to
                                                  sections of 14 CFR for the purpose of                    and Operational Control Structure                     demonstrate the existence of a manual
                                                  carrying passengers for compensation or                    The FAA will review each petition to                system similar in terms of intent and
                                                  hire on LHFE flights. The FAA is also                    identify a responsible party, and an                  scope of those in 14 CFR part 135. The
                                                  cancelling all previously issued LHFE                    operational control structure or chain of             FAA will evaluate the operator’s
                                                  policy statements. The FAA will now                      command within the manual system for                  manuals, including:
                                                  consider new petitions for exemption,                    pilots, maintenance, and support                        • Operations Manual (General
                                                  or requests for extensions or                            personnel. Consequently, each petition                Operations Manual-GOM).
                                                  amendments to current exemptions in                      should designate a responsible person                   • Pilot Training Manual and
                                                  accordance with the following criteria.                  whom the FAA can contact for both                     Qualifications.
                                                                                                           operations and maintenance functions.                   • Maintenance and Line Support
                                                  A. Aircraft Must Be ‘‘Historically                                                                             Training Manuals.
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                                                  Significant’’                                            C. Safety & Risk Analysis                               • Maintenance Manual (AIP)
                                                    Each aircraft must be ‘‘historically                     The FAA will use Safety Risk                        including, but not limited to:
                                                  significant’’ according to the following                 Management (SRM) and Equal Level of                     Æ Review of previously approved
                                                  criteria:                                                Safety (ELoS) principles to guide its                 AIPs as provided by 14 CFR 91.415
                                                    1. U.S. operated: The aircraft must                    safety review in connection with any                    Æ Maintenance training elements.
                                                  meet a documented set of U.S. military                   future LHFE exemption petition or                       Æ Replacement plan for time-limited
                                                  standards for its airworthiness and                      request. This safety review will include,             parts or development of an on-condition
                                                  operations in U.S. military service.                     but will not be limited to, an analysis               inspection program for such parts.


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                                                                      Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 139 / Tuesday, July 21, 2015 / Rules and Regulations                                          43015

                                                    Æ Aging aircraft inspection program.                   vessels are prohibited from entering                  to determine whether the marine event
                                                    Æ Corrosion inspection program.                        into, transiting through, or anchoring                poses a threat to persons and vessels
                                                    Æ Continued Operational Safety                         within this safety zone unless                        was provided 15 days before the event,
                                                  (COS).                                                   authorized by the Captain of the Port or              which is insufficient time to publish an
                                                    • SMS Manual.                                          his designated representative.                        NPRM. Because fireworks barges on the
                                                  E. Other Considerations                                  DATES: This rule is effective from 8:30               navigable waterways poses significant
                                                                                                           p.m. to 9:30 p.m. on July 23, 2015.                   risk to public safety and property and
                                                     LHFE operations, as it applies to the                                                                       the likely combination of large numbers
                                                                                                           ADDRESSES: Documents mentioned in
                                                  passenger(s) experience, is limited to                                                                         of recreation vessels and congested
                                                  the sole purpose of being onboard the                    this preamble are part of docket [USCG–
                                                                                                                                                                 waterways could easily result in serious
                                                  aircraft during flight. The FAA will not                 2015–0647]. To view documents
                                                                                                                                                                 injuries or fatalities, this safety zone is
                                                  consider expanded operations such as                     mentioned in this preamble as being
                                                                                                                                                                 necessary to safeguard spectators,
                                                  flight training, aerobatics, and passenger               available in the docket, go to http://
                                                                                                                                                                 vessels and the event participants. For
                                                  manipulation of the flight controls.                     www.regulations.gov, type the docket
                                                                                                                                                                 the safety concerns noted, it is
                                                     The FAA will always consider                          number in the ‘‘SEARCH’’ box and click
                                                                                                                                                                 important to have these regulations in
                                                  whether a request benefits the public as                 ‘‘SEARCH.’’ Click on Open Docket
                                                                                                                                                                 effect during the event and
                                                  a whole and how the request would                        Folder on the line associated with this
                                                                                                                                                                 impracticable to delay the regulations.
                                                  provide a level of safety at least equal                 rulemaking. You may also visit the                       Under 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(3), the Coast
                                                  to that provided by the rule in                          Docket Management Facility in Room                    Guard finds that good cause exists for
                                                  accordance with 14 CFR 11.81.                            W12–140 on the ground floor of the                    making this rule effective less than 30
                                                  Moreover, the FAA may impose                             Department of Transportation West                     days after publication in the Federal
                                                  additional conditions and limitations or                 Building, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE.,                 Register. For these same reasons, the
                                                  deny petitions regardless of this policy                 Washington, DC 20590, between 9 a.m.                  Coast Guard finds good cause for
                                                  statement to adequately mitigate safety                  and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday,                    implementing this rule less than thirty
                                                  concerns and risk factors as they                        except Federal holidays.                              days before the effective July 23, 2015.
                                                  become known.                                            FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: If
                                                                                                           you have questions on this rule, call or              B. Basis and Purpose
                                                  Filing a Petition for Exemption or To                    email Petty Officer Nick Bateman,                        The legal basis and authorities for this
                                                  Request an Amendment or Extension to                     Waterways Management, U.S. Coast                      temporary rule are found in 33 U.S.C.
                                                  an Existing Exemption                                    Guard Sector San Diego; telephone (619)               1231; 50 U.S.C. 191; 33 CFR 1.05–1,
                                                    To submit a petition for exemption or                  278–7656, email D11-PF-                               6.04–1, 6.04–6, and 160.5; and
                                                  to request an amendment or extension                     MarineEventsSanDiego@uscg.mil. If you                 Department of Homeland Security
                                                  to an existing exemption, all petitioners                have questions on viewing or submitting               Delegation No. 0170.1, which
                                                  must follow the procedures set forth in                  material to the docket, call Cheryl                   collectively authorize the Coast Guard
                                                  part 11 of title 14 of the Code of Federal               Collins, Program Manager, Docket                      to propose, establish, and define
                                                  Regulations.                                             Operations, telephone (202) 366–9826.                 regulatory safety zones.
                                                                                                           SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:                               The Coast Guard believes establishing
                                                    Issued in Washington, DC, on July 10,
                                                  2015.                                                                                                          a temporary safety zone on the
                                                                                                           Table of Acronyms                                     navigable waters of the San Diego Bay
                                                  John S. Duncan,
                                                                                                           DHS Department of Homeland Security                   is necessary to ensure public safety for
                                                  Director, Flight Standards Service.
                                                                                                           FR Federal Register                                   the fireworks display. A temporary
                                                  [FR Doc. 2015–17966 Filed 7–20–15; 8:45 am]              NPRM Notice of Proposed Rulemaking                    safety zone will provide for the safety of
                                                  BILLING CODE 4910–13–P                                   TFR Temporary Final Rule                              the event participants, spectators, safety
                                                                                                           A. Regulatory History and Information                 vessels, and other public users of the
                                                                                                                                                                 waterway. This event involves a
                                                  DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND                                      The Coast Guard is issuing this                    planned fifteen minute fireworks
                                                  SECURITY                                                 temporary final rule safety zone for a                display on a portion of San Diego Bay.
                                                                                                           planned fireworks show on San Diego
                                                  Coast Guard                                              Bay without prior notice and                          C. Discussion of the Final Rule
                                                                                                           opportunity to comment pursuant to                       The Coast Guard is establishing a
                                                  33 CFR Part 165                                          authority under section 4(a) of the                   temporary safety zone that will be
                                                  [Docket Number USCG–2015–0647]                           Administrative Procedure Act (APA) (5                 enforced from 8:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m. on
                                                                                                           U.S.C. 553(b)). This provision                        July 23, 2015. This safety zone is
                                                  RIN 1625–AA00                                            authorizes an agency to issue a rule                  necessary to provide for the safety of the
                                                                                                           without prior notice and opportunity to               event participants, event spectators,
                                                  Safety Zone; Maritime Museum Party,                      comment when the agency for good                      safety patrol craft and to protect other
                                                  San Diego Bay; San Diego, CA                             cause finds that those procedures are                 vessels and users of the waterway.
                                                  AGENCY:    Coast Guard, DHS.                             ‘‘impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary             Persons and vessels will be prohibited
                                                  ACTION:   Temporary final rule.                          to the public interest.’’                             from entering into, transiting through, or
                                                                                                              Under 5 U.S.C. 553(b)(B), the Coast                anchoring within this safety zone unless
                                                  SUMMARY:   The Coast Guard is                            Guard finds that good cause exists for                authorized by the Captain of the Port, or
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                                                  establishing a temporary safety zone on                  not publishing a notice of proposed                   their designated representative. Before
                                                  the navigable waters of the San Diego                    rulemaking (NPRM) with respect to this                the effective period, the Coast Guard
                                                  Bay for a fireworks display on the                       rule because publishing an NPRM                       will publish a local notice to mariners
                                                  evening of July 23, 2015. This action is                 would be impracticable because                        (LNM). Just prior to the event and
                                                  necessary to provide for the safety of the               immediate action is needed to minimize                during the enforcement of the event, the
                                                  participants, crew, spectators,                          potential danger to the participants and              Coast Guard will issue a broadcast
                                                  participating vessels, and other vessels                 the public during the event.                          notice to mariners (BNM) alert via VHF
                                                  and users of the waterway. Persons and                   Furthermore, the necessary information                Channel 16.


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Document Created: 2018-02-23 09:23:34
Document Modified: 2018-02-23 09:23:34
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionRules and Regulations
ActionNotice of policy statement.
DatesThe moratorium will end on July 21, 2015.
ContactGeneral Aviation and Commercial Division, General Aviation Operations Branch (AFS-830), Flight Standards Service, FAA, 800 Independence Avenue SW., Washington, DC 20591; telephone (202) 267-1100; [email protected]
FR Citation80 FR 43012 
CFR Citation14 CFR 119
14 CFR 91

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