80_FR_72842 80 FR 72618 - Special Conditions: Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation, Gulfstream GVI Airplane; Non-Rechargeable Lithium Battery Installations

80 FR 72618 - Special Conditions: Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation, Gulfstream GVI Airplane; Non-Rechargeable Lithium Battery Installations

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration

Federal Register Volume 80, Issue 224 (November 20, 2015)

Page Range72618-72620
FR Document2015-29626

This action proposes special conditions for the Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation GVI airplane. This airplane will have a novel or unusual design feature when compared to the state of technology envisioned in the airworthiness standards for transport-category airplanes. This design feature is non-rechargeable lithium battery systems. The applicable airworthiness regulations do not contain adequate or appropriate safety standards for this design feature. These proposed special conditions contain the additional safety standards that the Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of safety equivalent to that established by the existing airworthiness standards.

Federal Register, Volume 80 Issue 224 (Friday, November 20, 2015)
[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 224 (Friday, November 20, 2015)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 72618-72620]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2015-29626]


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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration

14 CFR Part 25

[Docket No. FAA-2015-4279; Notice No. 25-15-09-SC]


Special Conditions: Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation, Gulfstream 
GVI Airplane; Non-Rechargeable Lithium Battery Installations

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION: Notice of proposed special conditions.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: This action proposes special conditions for the Gulfstream 
Aerospace Corporation GVI airplane. This airplane will have a novel or 
unusual design feature when compared to the state of technology 
envisioned in the airworthiness standards for transport-category 
airplanes. This design feature is non-rechargeable lithium battery 
systems. The applicable airworthiness regulations do not contain 
adequate or appropriate safety standards for this design feature. These 
proposed special conditions contain the additional safety standards 
that the Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of 
safety equivalent to that established by the existing airworthiness 
standards.

DATES: Send your comments on or before January 4, 2016.

ADDRESSES: Send comments identified by docket number FAA-2015-4279 
using any of the following methods:
     Federal eRegulations Portal: Go to http://www.regulations.gov/ and follow the online instructions for sending 
your comments electronically.
     Mail: Send comments to Docket Operations, M-30, U.S. 
Department of Transportation (DOT), 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Room 
W12-140, West Building Ground Floor, Washington, DC 20590-0001.
     Hand Delivery or Courier: Take comments to Docket 
Operations in Room W12-140 of the West Building Ground Floor at 1200 
New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., 
Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.
     Fax: Fax comments to Docket Operations at 202-493-2251.
    Privacy: The FAA will post all comments it receives, without 
change, to http://www.regulations.gov/, including any personal 
information the commenter provides. Using the search function of the 
docket Web site, anyone can find and read the electronic form of all 
comments received into any FAA docket, including the name of the

[[Page 72619]]

individual sending the comment (or signing the comment for an 
association, business, labor union, etc.). DOT's complete Privacy Act 
Statement can be found in the Federal Register published on April 11, 
2000 (65 FR 19477-19478), as well as at http://DocketsInfo.dot.gov/.
    Docket: Background documents or comments received may be read at 
http://www.regulations.gov/ at any time. Follow the online instructions 
for accessing the docket or go to Docket Operations in Room W12-140 of 
the West Building Ground Floor at 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., 
Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, 
except Federal holidays.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Nazih Khaouly, Airplane and Flight 
Crew Interface Branch, ANM-111, Transport Airplane Directorate, 
Aircraft Certification Service, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, 
Washington, 98057-3356; telephone 425-227-2432; facsimile 425-227-1149.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Comments Invited

    We invite interested people to take part in this rulemaking by 
sending written comments, data, or views. The most helpful comments 
reference a specific portion of the special conditions, explain the 
reason for any recommended change, and include supporting data.
    We will consider all comments we receive by the closing date for 
comments. We may change these special conditions based on the comments 
we receive.

Background

    Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation applied for several changes to 
Type Certificate No. T00015AT to install non-rechargeable lithium 
batteries in the Model GVI airplane. The Gulfstream Model GVI airplane 
is a twin-engine, transport-category airplane with a maximum passenger 
capacity of 19 and maximum takeoff weight of 99,600 pounds.

Type Certification Basis

    Under the provisions of Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, (14 
CFR) 21.101, Gulfstream must show that the design change and areas 
affected by the change continue to meet the applicable provisions of 
the regulations listed in Type Certificate No. T00015AT, or the 
applicable regulations in effect on the date of application for the 
change, except for earlier amendments as agreed upon by the FAA. The 
regulations listed in the type certificate are commonly referred to as 
the ``original type certification basis.'' The regulations listed in 
Type Certificate No. T00015AT are 14 CFR part 25 effective February 1, 
1965 including Amendments 25-1 through 25-120, 25-122, 25-124, and 25-
132. The certification basis also includes certain special conditions, 
exemptions, and equivalent safety findings that are not relevant to 
these proposed special conditions.
    In addition to the applicable airworthiness regulations and special 
conditions, the Gulfstream Model GVI airplane must comply with the 
fuel-vent and exhaust-emission requirements of 14 CFR part 34, and the 
noise-certification requirements of 14 CFR part 36.
    If the Administrator finds that the applicable airworthiness 
regulations (i.e., 14 CFR part 25) do not contain adequate or 
appropriate safety standards for the Gulfstream Model GIV airplane 
because of a novel or unusual design feature, special conditions are 
prescribed under the provisions of Sec.  21.16.
    Special conditions are initially applicable to the Gulfstream Model 
GVI airplane model for which they are issued. Should the type 
certificate for that model be amended later to include any other model 
that incorporates the same or similar novel or unusual design feature, 
or should any other model already included on the same type certificate 
be modified to incorporate the same novel or unusual design feature, 
these special conditions would also apply to the other model under 
Sec.  21.101.
    The FAA issues special conditions, as defined in 14 CFR 11.19, in 
accordance with Sec.  11.38, and they become part of the type-
certification basis under Sec.  21.101.

Novel or Unusual Design Features

    A battery system consists of the battery and any protective, 
monitoring and alerting circuitry or hardware inside or outside of the 
battery and venting capability where necessary. For the purpose of 
these special conditions, we refer to a battery and battery system as a 
battery. The Gulfstream GVI will incorporate non-rechargeable lithium 
batteries, which are novel or unusual design features.

Discussion

    We derived the current regulations governing installation of 
batteries in transport-category airplanes from Civil Air Regulations 
(CAR) 4b.625(d) as part of the re-codification of CAR 4b that 
established 14 CFR part 25 in February 1965. We basically reworded the 
battery requirements, which are currently in Sec.  25.1353(b)(1) 
through (b)(4), from the CAR requirements. Non-rechargeable lithium 
batteries are novel and unusual with respect to the state of technology 
considered when these requirements were codified. These batteries 
introduce higher energy levels into airplane systems through new 
chemical compositions in various battery-cell sizes and construction. 
Interconnection of these cells in battery packs introduces failure 
modes that require unique design considerations, such as provisions for 
thermal management.
    Recent events involving rechargeable and non-rechargeable lithium 
batteries prompted the FAA to initiate a broad evaluation of these 
energy-storage technologies. In January 2013, two independent events 
involving rechargeable lithium-ion batteries demonstrated unanticipated 
failure modes. A National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) letter to 
the FAA, dated May 22, 2014, which is available at http://www.ntsb.gov, 
filename A-14-032-036.pdf, describes these events.
    On July 12, 2013, an event involving a non-rechargeable lithium 
battery, in an emergency locator transmitter installation, demonstrated 
unanticipated failure modes. Air Accident Investigations Branch 
Bulletin S5/2013 describes this event.
    Some other known uses of rechargeable and non-rechargeable lithium 
batteries on airplanes include:
     Flight deck and avionics systems such as displays, global 
positioning systems, cockpit voice recorders, flight data recorders, 
underwater locator beacons, navigation computers, integrated avionics 
computers, satellite network and communication systems, communication-
management units, and remote-monitor electronic line-replaceable units 
(LRU);
     Cabin safety, entertainment, and communications equipment, 
including life rafts, escape slides, seatbelt air bags, cabin 
management systems, Ethernet switches, routers and media servers, 
wireless systems, internet and in-flight entertainment systems, 
satellite televisions, remotes, and handsets;
     Systems in cargo areas including door controls, sensors, 
video surveillance equipment, and security systems.
    Some known potential hazards and failure modes associated with non-
rechargeable lithium batteries are:

 Internal failures

    In general, these batteries are significantly more susceptible to 
internal failures that can result in self-sustaining increases in 
temperature and pressure (i.e., thermal runaway) than

[[Page 72620]]

their nickel-cadmium or lead-acid counterparts. The metallic lithium 
can ignite, resulting in a self-sustaining fire or explosion.

 Fast or imbalanced discharging

    Fast discharging or an imbalanced discharge of one cell of a multi-
cell battery may create an overheating condition that results in an 
uncontrollable venting condition, which in turn leads to a thermal 
event or an explosion.

 Flammability

    Unlike nickel-cadmium and lead-acid batteries, these batteries use 
higher energy and current in an electrochemical system that can be 
configured to maximize energy storage of lithium. They also use liquid 
electrolytes that can be extremely flammable. The electrolyte, as well 
as the electrodes, can serve as a source of fuel for an external fire 
if the battery casing is breached.
    Proposed Special Condition 1 requires that each individual cell 
within a battery be designed to maintain safe temperatures and 
pressures. Proposed Special Condition 2 addresses these same issues but 
for the entire battery. Proposed Special Condition 2 requires the 
battery be designed to prevent propagation of a thermal event, such as 
self-sustained, uncontrolled increases in temperature or pressure from 
one cell to adjacent cells.
    Proposed Special Conditions 1 and 2 are intended to ensure that the 
battery and its cells are designed to eliminate the potential for 
uncontrolled failures. However, a certain number of failures will occur 
due to various factors beyond the control of the designer. Therefore, 
other special conditions are intended to protect the airplane and its 
occupants if failure occurs.
    Proposed Special Conditions 3, 9, and 10 are self-explanatory, and 
the FAA does not provide further explanation for them at this time.
    The FAA proposes Special Condition 4 to make it clear that the 
flammable-fluid fire-protection requirements of Sec.  25.863 apply to 
non-rechargeable lithium battery installations. Section 25.863 is 
applicable to areas of the airplane that could be exposed to flammable 
fluid leakage from airplane systems. Non-rechargeable lithium batteries 
contain electrolyte that is a flammable fluid.
    Proposed Special Condition 5 requires each non-rechargeable lithium 
battery installation to not damage surrounding structure or adjacent 
systems, equipment, or electrical wiring from corrosive fluids or gases 
that may escape. Proposed Special Condition 6 requires each non-
rechargeable lithium battery installation to have provisions to prevent 
any hazardous effect on airplane structure or systems caused by the 
maximum amount of heat the battery installation can generate due to any 
failure of it or its individual cells. The means of meeting these 
proposed special conditions may be the same, but they are independent 
requirements addressing different hazards. Proposed Special Condition 5 
addresses corrosive fluids and gases, whereas Proposed Special 
Condition 6 addresses heat.
    Proposed Special Conditions 7 and 8 require non-rechargeable 
lithium batteries to have automatic means for battery disconnection and 
control of battery discharge rate due to the fast-acting nature of 
lithium-battery chemical reactions. Manual intervention would not be 
timely or effective in mitigating the hazards associated with these 
batteries.
    These special conditions will apply to all non-rechargeable lithium 
battery installations in lieu of Sec.  25.1353(b)(1) through (b)(4) at 
Amendment 25-113. Sections 25.1353(b)(1) through (b)(4) at Amendment 
25-113 will remain in effect for other battery installations.
    These proposed special conditions contain the additional safety 
standards that the Administrator considers necessary to establish a 
level of safety equivalent to that established by the existing 
airworthiness standards.

Applicability

    As discussed above, these special conditions are applicable to the 
Gulfstream Model GVI airplane. Should Gulfstream apply at a later date 
for a change to the type certificate to include another model 
incorporating the same novel or unusual design feature, these special 
conditions would apply to that model as well.

Conclusion

    This action affects only certain novel or unusual design features 
on one model of airplane. It is not a rule of general applicability.

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25

    Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements.


0
The authority citation for these special conditions is as follows:

    Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702, 44704.

The Proposed Special Conditions

    Accordingly, the FAA proposes the following special conditions as 
part of the type certification basis for Gulfstream Aerospace 
Corporation Model GVI airplanes.

Non-Rechargeable Lithium Battery Installations

    In lieu of Sec.  25.1353(b)(1) through (b)(4) at Amendment 25-113, 
each non-rechargeable lithium battery installation must:
    1. Maintain safe cell temperatures and pressures under all 
foreseeable operating conditions to prevent fire and explosion.
    2. Prevent the occurrence of self-sustaining, uncontrolled 
increases in temperature or pressure.
    3. Not emit explosive or toxic gases, either in normal operation or 
as a result of its failure, that may accumulate in hazardous quantities 
within the airplane.
    4. Meet the requirements of Sec.  25.863.
    5. Not damage surrounding structure or adjacent systems, equipment, 
or electrical wiring from corrosive fluids or gases that may escape.
    6. Have provisions to prevent any hazardous effect on airplane 
structure or systems caused by the maximum amount of heat it can 
generate due to any failure of it or its individual cells.
    7. Be capable of automatically controlling the discharge rate of 
each cell to prevent cell imbalance, back-charging, overheating, and 
uncontrollable temperature and pressure.
    8. Have a means to automatically disconnect from its discharging 
circuit in the event of an over-temperature condition, cell failure or 
battery failure.
    9. Have a failure sensing and warning system to alert the 
flightcrew if its failure affects safe operation of the airplane.
    10. Have a means for the flightcrew or maintenance personnel to 
determine the battery charge state if the battery's function is 
required for safe operation of the airplane.

    Note 1: A battery system consists of the battery and any 
protective, monitoring and alerting circuitry or hardware inside or 
outside of the battery. It also includes vents (where necessary) and 
packaging. For the purpose of these special conditions, a battery 
and battery system are referred to as a battery.


    Issued in Renton, Washington, on November 11, 2015.
Michael Kaszycki,
Acting Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification 
Service.
[FR Doc. 2015-29626 Filed 11-19-15; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P



                                                    72618                 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 224 / Friday, November 20, 2015 / Proposed Rules

                                                    Candidates, 60 FR at 64261–62. Staging                  one candidate (or group of candidates)                  DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
                                                    organizations’ use of polling criteria is               over another. But to the extent that a
                                                    a reasonable way for a debate staging                   debate staging organization uses non-                   Federal Aviation Administration
                                                    organization to select and ‘‘control the                objective selection criteria ‘‘designed to
                                                    number of candidates participating in                   result in the selection of certain pre-                 14 CFR Part 25
                                                    . . . a meaningful debate,’’ id., and to do             chosen participants,’’ this would                       [Docket No. FAA–2015–4279; Notice No. 25–
                                                    so in a way that is objective and does                  already be unlawful under the                           15–09–SC]
                                                    not constitute a corporate contribution.                Commission’s existing regulation.
                                                    A per se rule prohibiting the use of                    Corporate and Labor Organization                        Special Conditions: Gulfstream
                                                    polling criteria is therefore not                                                                               Aerospace Corporation, Gulfstream
                                                                                                            Activity; Express Advocacy and
                                                    necessary to prevent debates from                                                                               GVI Airplane; Non-Rechargeable
                                                                                                            Coordination with Candidates, 60 FR at
                                                    constituting unlawful contributions.                                                                            Lithium Battery Installations
                                                       Furthermore, the rule at 11 CFR                      64262.
                                                    110.13(c) already permits the use of                       Finally, the Commission notes that                   AGENCY: Federal Aviation
                                                    criteria by staging organizations that                  the petition focuses on and seeks to                    Administration (FAA), DOT.
                                                    could result in larger numbers of                       amend the rule only with respect to                     ACTION: Notice of proposed special
                                                    candidates participating in debates.                    polling threshold criteria in the                       conditions.
                                                    Indeed, the specific criterion that the                 selection of participants for presidential
                                                    petition asks the Commission to include                                                                         SUMMARY:   This action proposes special
                                                                                                            general election debates. However, the                  conditions for the Gulfstream Aerospace
                                                    in a revised section 110.13(c) is already               candidate debate rule applies to all
                                                    lawful: A debate staging organization                                                                           Corporation GVI airplane. This airplane
                                                                                                            debates (primary and general election)                  will have a novel or unusual design
                                                    has the discretion to stage a general                   ‘‘at the presidential, House, and Senate
                                                    election presidential or vice presidential                                                                      feature when compared to the state of
                                                                                                            levels.’’ Funding and Sponsorship of                    technology envisioned in the
                                                    debate using selection criteria similar to
                                                                                                            Candidate Debates, 44 FR 39348 (July 5,                 airworthiness standards for transport-
                                                    the Electoral College approach preferred
                                                                                                            1979).5 In the absence of any indication                category airplanes. This design feature
                                                    by the petitioner (so long as the
                                                    organization’s reasonable selection                     that polling thresholds are inherently                  is non-rechargeable lithium battery
                                                    criteria are pre-established, objective,                unobjective or otherwise unlawful as                    systems. The applicable airworthiness
                                                    and not designed to result in the                       applied to all federal elections (and the               regulations do not contain adequate or
                                                    selection of certain pre-chosen                         Commission is aware of no such                          appropriate safety standards for this
                                                    participants). No rule change is                        indication),6 the Commission declines                   design feature. These proposed special
                                                    necessary to enable that approach, and                  to initiate a rulemaking that would                     conditions contain the additional safety
                                                    the petitioner may sponsor a debate                     impose a nationwide prohibition on the                  standards that the Administrator
                                                    using such criteria or persuade a debate                use of such thresholds, or that could                   considers necessary to establish a level
                                                    sponsor to do so.4                                      result in giving different legal effect to              of safety equivalent to that established
                                                       The petition sets forth certain data in              the use of polling criterion in different               by the existing airworthiness standards.
                                                    support of its argument that the use of                 elections.                                              DATES: Send your comments on or
                                                    polling thresholds as a debate selection                                                                        before January 4, 2016.
                                                                                                               For all of the above reasons, the
                                                    criterion by one staging organization                                                                           ADDRESSES: Send comments identified
                                                                                                            Commission therefore declines to
                                                    ‘‘creates a hurdle that third-party and                                                                         by docket number FAA–2015–4279
                                                    independent candidates cannot                           commence a rulemaking to amend the
                                                                                                                                                                    using any of the following methods:
                                                    reasonably expect to clear,’’ and                       criteria for staging candidate debates in                  • Federal eRegulations Portal: Go to
                                                    therefore is designed to result in the                  11 CFR 110.13(c).                                       http://www.regulations.gov/ and follow
                                                    selection of certain pre-chosen                           On behalf of the Commission.                          the online instructions for sending your
                                                    participants. Petition at 15. The use of                  Dated: November 9, 2015.                              comments electronically.
                                                    polling data by a single debate staging                                                                            • Mail: Send comments to Docket
                                                                                                            Ann M. Ravel,
                                                    organization for candidate debates for a                                                                        Operations, M–30, U.S. Department of
                                                                                                            Chair, Federal Election Commission.                     Transportation (DOT), 1200 New Jersey
                                                    single office, however, does not suggest
                                                    the need for a rule change. The                         [FR Doc. 2015–29494 Filed 11–19–15; 8:45 am]            Avenue SE., Room W12–140, West
                                                    Commission acknowledges that lower                      BILLING CODE 6715–01–P                                  Building Ground Floor, Washington, DC
                                                    (or no) polling threshold selection                                                                             20590–0001.
                                                    criteria may open debates to more                                                                                  • Hand Delivery or Courier: Take
                                                    candidates and that polling thresholds                                                                          comments to Docket Operations in
                                                    could be used to promote or advance                                                                             Room W12–140 of the West Building
                                                                                                                                                                    Ground Floor at 1200 New Jersey
                                                       4 If the petitioner (or another entity) is unsure                                                            Avenue SE., Washington, DC, between 9
                                                    whether it is a debate ‘‘staging organization’’ as                                                              a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through
                                                    defined in 11 CFR 110.13(a), it may ask the                                                                     Friday, except Federal holidays.
                                                    Commission for an advisory opinion on the matter.
                                                    See, e.g., Advisory Opinion 1988–22 (San Joaquin
                                                                                                              5 Indeed, the Commission has analyzed, in the            • Fax: Fax comments to Docket
                                                    Republicans) (concluding that advisory opinion          enforcement context, debate staging organizations’      Operations at 202–493–2251.
                                                                                                                                                                       Privacy: The FAA will post all
mstockstill on DSK4VPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS




                                                    requestor, which did not yet have relevant tax          criteria under 11 CFR 110.13(c) at all levels of
                                                    status, was not within candidate debate exemption).     federal elections. See, e.g., MUR 5650 (Associated      comments it receives, without change,
                                                    Similarly, if a debate staging organization wishes to   Students of the Univ. of Arizona) (Senate debate);
                                                    ask the Commission to conclude that its proposed
                                                                                                                                                                    to http://www.regulations.gov/,
                                                                                                            MUR 5530 (Commission on Presidential Debates)
                                                    candidate selection criteria are objective and not                                                              including any personal information the
                                                                                                            (presidential general election debates).
                                                    designed to result in the selection of certain pre-       6 The petitioner provided data intended to
                                                                                                                                                                    commenter provides. Using the search
                                                    chosen participants (and thus protect itself from a                                                             function of the docket Web site, anyone
                                                    later enforcement action), it may seek an advisory      demonstrate that polling figures are sometimes
                                                    opinion on that question. See 52 U.S.C. 30108(c)        inaccurate, but the fact that polls can be inaccurate   can find and read the electronic form of
                                                    (establishing scope of protection of advisory           does not mean that a staging organization acts          all comments received into any FAA
                                                    opinions).                                              unobjectively by using them.                            docket, including the name of the


                                               VerDate Sep<11>2014   17:58 Nov 19, 2015   Jkt 238001   PO 00000   Frm 00011   Fmt 4702   Sfmt 4702   E:\FR\FM\20NOP1.SGM   20NOP1


                                                                          Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 224 / Friday, November 20, 2015 / Proposed Rules                                            72619

                                                    individual sending the comment (or                      certification basis.’’ The regulations                § 25.1353(b)(1) through (b)(4), from the
                                                    signing the comment for an association,                 listed in Type Certificate No. T00015AT               CAR requirements. Non-rechargeable
                                                    business, labor union, etc.). DOT’s                     are 14 CFR part 25 effective February 1,              lithium batteries are novel and unusual
                                                    complete Privacy Act Statement can be                   1965 including Amendments 25–1                        with respect to the state of technology
                                                    found in the Federal Register published                 through 25–120, 25–122, 25–124, and                   considered when these requirements
                                                    on April 11, 2000 (65 FR 19477–19478),                  25–132. The certification basis also                  were codified. These batteries introduce
                                                    as well as at http://DocketsInfo.dot                    includes certain special conditions,                  higher energy levels into airplane
                                                    .gov/.                                                  exemptions, and equivalent safety                     systems through new chemical
                                                       Docket: Background documents or                      findings that are not relevant to these               compositions in various battery-cell
                                                    comments received may be read at                        proposed special conditions.                          sizes and construction. Interconnection
                                                    http://www.regulations.gov/ at any time.                   In addition to the applicable                      of these cells in battery packs introduces
                                                    Follow the online instructions for                      airworthiness regulations and special                 failure modes that require unique design
                                                    accessing the docket or go to Docket                    conditions, the Gulfstream Model GVI                  considerations, such as provisions for
                                                    Operations in Room W12–140 of the                       airplane must comply with the fuel-vent               thermal management.
                                                    West Building Ground Floor at 1200                      and exhaust-emission requirements of                     Recent events involving rechargeable
                                                    New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington,                      14 CFR part 34, and the noise-                        and non-rechargeable lithium batteries
                                                    DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday                   certification requirements of 14 CFR                  prompted the FAA to initiate a broad
                                                    through Friday, except Federal holidays.                part 36.                                              evaluation of these energy-storage
                                                    FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:                           If the Administrator finds that the                technologies. In January 2013, two
                                                    Nazih Khaouly, Airplane and Flight                      applicable airworthiness regulations                  independent events involving
                                                    Crew Interface Branch, ANM–111,                         (i.e., 14 CFR part 25) do not contain                 rechargeable lithium-ion batteries
                                                    Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft                adequate or appropriate safety standards              demonstrated unanticipated failure
                                                    Certification Service, 1601 Lind Avenue                 for the Gulfstream Model GIV airplane                 modes. A National Transportation
                                                    SW., Renton, Washington, 98057–3356;                    because of a novel or unusual design                  Safety Board (NTSB) letter to the FAA,
                                                    telephone 425–227–2432; facsimile                       feature, special conditions are                       dated May 22, 2014, which is available
                                                    425–227–1149.                                           prescribed under the provisions of                    at http://www.ntsb.gov, filename A–14–
                                                    SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:                              § 21.16.                                              032–036.pdf, describes these events.
                                                                                                               Special conditions are initially                      On July 12, 2013, an event involving
                                                    Comments Invited                                        applicable to the Gulfstream Model GVI                a non-rechargeable lithium battery, in
                                                      We invite interested people to take                   airplane model for which they are                     an emergency locator transmitter
                                                    part in this rulemaking by sending                      issued. Should the type certificate for               installation, demonstrated
                                                    written comments, data, or views. The                   that model be amended later to include                unanticipated failure modes. Air
                                                    most helpful comments reference a                       any other model that incorporates the                 Accident Investigations Branch Bulletin
                                                    specific portion of the special                         same or similar novel or unusual design               S5/2013 describes this event.
                                                    conditions, explain the reason for any                  feature, or should any other model                       Some other known uses of
                                                    recommended change, and include                         already included on the same type                     rechargeable and non-rechargeable
                                                    supporting data.                                        certificate be modified to incorporate                lithium batteries on airplanes include:
                                                      We will consider all comments we                      the same novel or unusual design                         • Flight deck and avionics systems
                                                    receive by the closing date for                         feature, these special conditions would               such as displays, global positioning
                                                    comments. We may change these special                   also apply to the other model under                   systems, cockpit voice recorders, flight
                                                    conditions based on the comments we                     § 21.101.                                             data recorders, underwater locator
                                                    receive.                                                   The FAA issues special conditions, as              beacons, navigation computers,
                                                                                                            defined in 14 CFR 11.19, in accordance                integrated avionics computers, satellite
                                                    Background
                                                                                                            with § 11.38, and they become part of                 network and communication systems,
                                                       Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation                     the type-certification basis under                    communication-management units, and
                                                    applied for several changes to Type                     § 21.101.                                             remote-monitor electronic line-
                                                    Certificate No. T00015AT to install non-
                                                                                                            Novel or Unusual Design Features                      replaceable units (LRU);
                                                    rechargeable lithium batteries in the
                                                                                                                                                                     • Cabin safety, entertainment, and
                                                    Model GVI airplane. The Gulfstream                        A battery system consists of the
                                                                                                                                                                  communications equipment, including
                                                    Model GVI airplane is a twin-engine,                    battery and any protective, monitoring
                                                                                                                                                                  life rafts, escape slides, seatbelt air bags,
                                                    transport-category airplane with a                      and alerting circuitry or hardware inside
                                                                                                                                                                  cabin management systems, Ethernet
                                                    maximum passenger capacity of 19 and                    or outside of the battery and venting
                                                                                                                                                                  switches, routers and media servers,
                                                    maximum takeoff weight of 99,600                        capability where necessary. For the
                                                                                                                                                                  wireless systems, internet and in-flight
                                                    pounds.                                                 purpose of these special conditions, we
                                                                                                                                                                  entertainment systems, satellite
                                                                                                            refer to a battery and battery system as
                                                    Type Certification Basis                                                                                      televisions, remotes, and handsets;
                                                                                                            a battery. The Gulfstream GVI will
                                                      Under the provisions of Title 14, Code                                                                         • Systems in cargo areas including
                                                                                                            incorporate non-rechargeable lithium
                                                    of Federal Regulations, (14 CFR) 21.101,                                                                      door controls, sensors, video
                                                                                                            batteries, which are novel or unusual
                                                    Gulfstream must show that the design                                                                          surveillance equipment, and security
                                                                                                            design features.
                                                    change and areas affected by the change                                                                       systems.
                                                    continue to meet the applicable                         Discussion                                               Some known potential hazards and
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                                                    provisions of the regulations listed in                    We derived the current regulations                 failure modes associated with non-
                                                    Type Certificate No. T00015AT, or the                   governing installation of batteries in                rechargeable lithium batteries are:
                                                    applicable regulations in effect on the                 transport-category airplanes from Civil               • Internal failures
                                                    date of application for the change,                     Air Regulations (CAR) 4b.625(d) as part                  In general, these batteries are
                                                    except for earlier amendments as agreed                 of the re-codification of CAR 4b that                 significantly more susceptible to
                                                    upon by the FAA. The regulations listed                 established 14 CFR part 25 in February                internal failures that can result in self-
                                                    in the type certificate are commonly                    1965. We basically reworded the battery               sustaining increases in temperature and
                                                    referred to as the ‘‘original type                      requirements, which are currently in                  pressure (i.e., thermal runaway) than


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                                                    72620                 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 224 / Friday, November 20, 2015 / Proposed Rules

                                                    their nickel-cadmium or lead-acid                       requires each non-rechargeable lithium                Non-Rechargeable Lithium Battery
                                                    counterparts. The metallic lithium can                  battery installation to have provisions to            Installations
                                                    ignite, resulting in a self-sustaining fire             prevent any hazardous effect on
                                                    or explosion.                                           airplane structure or systems caused by                  In lieu of § 25.1353(b)(1) through
                                                    • Fast or imbalanced discharging                        the maximum amount of heat the                        (b)(4) at Amendment 25–113, each non-
                                                                                                            battery installation can generate due to              rechargeable lithium battery installation
                                                       Fast discharging or an imbalanced
                                                    discharge of one cell of a multi-cell                   any failure of it or its individual cells.            must:
                                                    battery may create an overheating                       The means of meeting these proposed                      1. Maintain safe cell temperatures and
                                                    condition that results in an                            special conditions may be the same, but               pressures under all foreseeable
                                                    uncontrollable venting condition, which                 they are independent requirements                     operating conditions to prevent fire and
                                                    in turn leads to a thermal event or an                  addressing different hazards. Proposed                explosion.
                                                    explosion.                                              Special Condition 5 addresses corrosive
                                                                                                            fluids and gases, whereas Proposed                       2. Prevent the occurrence of self-
                                                    • Flammability                                                                                                sustaining, uncontrolled increases in
                                                                                                            Special Condition 6 addresses heat.
                                                       Unlike nickel-cadmium and lead-acid                     Proposed Special Conditions 7 and 8                temperature or pressure.
                                                    batteries, these batteries use higher                   require non-rechargeable lithium                         3. Not emit explosive or toxic gases,
                                                    energy and current in an                                batteries to have automatic means for                 either in normal operation or as a result
                                                    electrochemical system that can be                      battery disconnection and control of                  of its failure, that may accumulate in
                                                    configured to maximize energy storage                   battery discharge rate due to the fast-               hazardous quantities within the
                                                    of lithium. They also use liquid                        acting nature of lithium-battery                      airplane.
                                                    electrolytes that can be extremely                      chemical reactions. Manual intervention
                                                    flammable. The electrolyte, as well as                  would not be timely or effective in                      4. Meet the requirements of § 25.863.
                                                    the electrodes, can serve as a source of                mitigating the hazards associated with                   5. Not damage surrounding structure
                                                    fuel for an external fire if the battery                these batteries.                                      or adjacent systems, equipment, or
                                                    casing is breached.                                        These special conditions will apply to             electrical wiring from corrosive fluids or
                                                       Proposed Special Condition 1 requires                all non-rechargeable lithium battery                  gases that may escape.
                                                    that each individual cell within a                      installations in lieu of § 25.1353(b)(1)                 6. Have provisions to prevent any
                                                    battery be designed to maintain safe                    through (b)(4) at Amendment 25–113.                   hazardous effect on airplane structure or
                                                    temperatures and pressures. Proposed                    Sections 25.1353(b)(1) through (b)(4) at
                                                    Special Condition 2 addresses these                                                                           systems caused by the maximum
                                                                                                            Amendment 25–113 will remain in                       amount of heat it can generate due to
                                                    same issues but for the entire battery.                 effect for other battery installations.
                                                    Proposed Special Condition 2 requires                                                                         any failure of it or its individual cells.
                                                                                                               These proposed special conditions
                                                    the battery be designed to prevent                      contain the additional safety standards                  7. Be capable of automatically
                                                    propagation of a thermal event, such as                 that the Administrator considers                      controlling the discharge rate of each
                                                    self-sustained, uncontrolled increases in               necessary to establish a level of safety              cell to prevent cell imbalance, back-
                                                    temperature or pressure from one cell to                equivalent to that established by the                 charging, overheating, and
                                                    adjacent cells.                                         existing airworthiness standards.                     uncontrollable temperature and
                                                       Proposed Special Conditions 1 and 2                                                                        pressure.
                                                    are intended to ensure that the battery                 Applicability
                                                                                                                                                                     8. Have a means to automatically
                                                    and its cells are designed to eliminate                   As discussed above, these special
                                                                                                                                                                  disconnect from its discharging circuit
                                                    the potential for uncontrolled failures.                conditions are applicable to the
                                                                                                                                                                  in the event of an over-temperature
                                                    However, a certain number of failures                   Gulfstream Model GVI airplane. Should
                                                                                                                                                                  condition, cell failure or battery failure.
                                                    will occur due to various factors beyond                Gulfstream apply at a later date for a
                                                    the control of the designer. Therefore,                 change to the type certificate to include                9. Have a failure sensing and warning
                                                    other special conditions are intended to                another model incorporating the same                  system to alert the flightcrew if its
                                                    protect the airplane and its occupants if               novel or unusual design feature, these                failure affects safe operation of the
                                                    failure occurs.                                         special conditions would apply to that                airplane.
                                                       Proposed Special Conditions 3, 9, and                model as well.                                           10. Have a means for the flightcrew or
                                                    10 are self-explanatory, and the FAA                                                                          maintenance personnel to determine the
                                                                                                            Conclusion
                                                    does not provide further explanation for                                                                      battery charge state if the battery’s
                                                    them at this time.                                        This action affects only certain novel
                                                                                                                                                                  function is required for safe operation of
                                                       The FAA proposes Special Condition                   or unusual design features on one model
                                                                                                                                                                  the airplane.
                                                    4 to make it clear that the flammable-                  of airplane. It is not a rule of general
                                                    fluid fire-protection requirements of                   applicability.                                          Note 1: A battery system consists of the
                                                    § 25.863 apply to non-rechargeable                                                                            battery and any protective, monitoring and
                                                                                                            List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25                    alerting circuitry or hardware inside or
                                                    lithium battery installations. Section
                                                    25.863 is applicable to areas of the                      Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting                outside of the battery. It also includes vents
                                                    airplane that could be exposed to                       and recordkeeping requirements.                       (where necessary) and packaging. For the
                                                    flammable fluid leakage from airplane                   ■ The authority citation for these                    purpose of these special conditions, a battery
                                                    systems. Non-rechargeable lithium                       special conditions is as follows:                     and battery system are referred to as a
                                                    batteries contain electrolyte that is a                                                                       battery.
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                                                                                                              Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701,
                                                    flammable fluid.                                        44702, 44704.                                           Issued in Renton, Washington, on
                                                       Proposed Special Condition 5 requires                                                                      November 11, 2015.
                                                    each non-rechargeable lithium battery                   The Proposed Special Conditions
                                                    installation to not damage surrounding                    Accordingly, the FAA proposes the                   Michael Kaszycki,
                                                    structure or adjacent systems,                          following special conditions as part of               Acting Manager, Transport Airplane
                                                    equipment, or electrical wiring from                    the type certification basis for                      Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service.
                                                    corrosive fluids or gases that may                      Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation                      [FR Doc. 2015–29626 Filed 11–19–15; 8:45 am]
                                                    escape. Proposed Special Condition 6                    Model GVI airplanes.                                  BILLING CODE 4910–13–P




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Document Created: 2015-12-14 13:58:20
Document Modified: 2015-12-14 13:58:20
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionProposed Rules
ActionNotice of proposed special conditions.
DatesSend your comments on or before January 4, 2016.
ContactNazih Khaouly, Airplane and Flight Crew Interface Branch, ANM-111, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, Washington, 98057-3356; telephone 425-227-2432; facsimile 425-227-1149.
FR Citation80 FR 72618 
CFR AssociatedAircraft; Aviation Safety and Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements

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