80_FR_72987 80 FR 72763 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of Proposed Rule Change To Create a Market Access and Routing Subsidy or “MARS”

80 FR 72763 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of Proposed Rule Change To Create a Market Access and Routing Subsidy or “MARS”

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Federal Register Volume 80, Issue 224 (November 20, 2015)

Page Range72763-72767
FR Document2015-29601

Federal Register, Volume 80 Issue 224 (Friday, November 20, 2015)
[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 224 (Friday, November 20, 2015)]
[Notices]
[Pages 72763-72767]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2015-29601]


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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

[Release No. 34-76445; File No. SR-NASDAQ-2015-133]


Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; 
Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of Proposed Rule Change To 
Create a Market Access and Routing Subsidy or ``MARS''

November 16, 2015.
    Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 
(``Act''),\1\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\2\ notice is hereby given 
that, on November 2, 2015, The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (``Nasdaq'' or 
``Exchange'') filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission 
(``SEC'' or ``Commission'') the proposed rule change as described in 
Items I, II, and III below, which Items have been prepared by the 
Exchange. The Commission is publishing this notice to solicit comments 
on the proposed rule change from interested persons.
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    \1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
    \2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
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I. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Terms of Substance 
of the Proposed Rule Change

    The Exchange proposes to amend the Exchange's transaction fees at 
Chapter XV, Section 2 entitled ``NASDAQ Options Market--Fees and 
Rebates,'' which governs pricing for Nasdaq Participants using the 
NASDAQ Options Market (``NOM''), Nasdaq's facility for executing and 
routing standardized equity and index options. The Exchange proposes to 
create a subsidy program, the Market Access and Routing Subsidy or 
``MARS,'' for NOM Participants that provide certain order routing 
functionalities \3\ to other NOM Participants and/or use such 
functionalities themselves.
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    \3\ The order routing functionalities permit a NOM Participant 
to provide access and connectivity to other Participants as well 
utilize such access for themselves. The Exchange notes that under 
this arrangement it will be possible for one NOM Participant to be 
eligible for payments under MARS, while another NOM Participant 
might potentially be liable for transaction charges associated with 
the execution of the order, because those orders were delivered to 
the Exchange through a NOM Participant's connection to the Exchange 
and that Participant qualified for the MARS Payment. Consider the 
following example: both Participants A and B are NOM Participants 
but A does not utilize its own connections to route orders to the 
Exchange, and instead utilizes B's connections. Under this program, 
B will be eligible for the MARS Payment while A is liable for any 
transaction charges resulting from the execution of orders that 
originate from A, arrive at the Exchange via B's connectivity, and 
subsequently execute and clear at The Options Clearing Corporation 
or ``OCC,'' where A is the valid executing clearing Participant or 
give-up on the transaction. Similarly, where B utilizes its own 
connections to execute transactions, B will be eligible for the MARS 
Payment, but would also be liable for any transaction [sic] 
resulting from the execution of orders that originate from B, arrive 
at the Exchange via B's connectivity, and subsequently execute and 
clear at OCC, where B is the valid executing clearing Participant or 
give-up on the transaction.
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    The text of the proposed rule change is available on the Exchange's 
Web site at http://nasdaq.cchwallstreet.com, at the principal office of 
the Exchange, and at the Commission's Public Reference Room.

II. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and 
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change

    In its filing with the Commission, the Exchange included statements 
concerning the purpose of and basis for the proposed rule change and 
discussed any comments it received on the proposed rule change. The 
text of these statements may be examined at the places specified in 
Item IV below. The Exchange has prepared summaries, set forth in 
sections A, B, and C below, of the most significant aspects of such 
statements.

A. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and 
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change

1. Purpose
    NOM proposes a new subsidy program, MARS, which would pay a subsidy 
to NOM Participants that provide certain order routing functionalities 
to other NOM Participants and/or use such functionalities themselves. 
Generally, under MARS, NOM proposes to make payments to participating 
NOM Participants to subsidize their costs of providing routing services 
to route orders to NOM. The Exchange believes that MARS will attract 
higher volumes of electronic equity and ETF options volume to the 
Exchange from non-NOM Participants as well as NOM Participants.
MARS System Eligibility
    To qualify for MARS, a NOM Participant's routing system 
(hereinafter ``System'') would be required to meet certain criteria. 
Specifically the Participant's System would be required to: (1) Enable 
the electronic routing of orders to all of the U.S. options exchanges, 
including NOM; (2) provide current consolidated market data from the 
U.S. options exchanges; and (3) be capable of interfacing with NOM's 
API to access current NOM match engine functionality. The NOM 
Participant's System would also need to cause NOM to be one of the top 
three default destination exchanges for individually executed 
marketable orders if NOM is at the national best bid or offer 
(``NBBO''), regardless of size or time, but allow any user to manually 
override NOM as the default destination on an order-by-order basis.
    The Exchange would require NOM Participants desiring to participate 
in MARS \4\ to complete a form, in a manner prescribed by the Exchange, 
and reaffirm their information on a quarterly basis to the Exchange. 
Any NOM Participant would be permitted to apply for MARS, provided the 
above-referenced requirements are met,

[[Page 72764]]

including a robust and reliable System. The Participant would be solely 
responsible for implementing and operating its System.
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    \4\ For example, a NOM Participant that desires to qualify for 
MARS in November must complete the form and submit it to the 
Exchange no later than the last business day of November. Such form 
will require the NOM Participant to identify the NOM Participant 
seeking the MARS Payment and must list, among other things, the 
connections utilized by the NOM Participant to provide Exchange 
access to other NOM Participants and/or itself. MARS Payments would 
be made one month in arrears (i.e., a MARS Payment earned for 
activity in November would be paid to the qualifying NOM Participant 
in December), as is the case with all other transactional payments 
and assessments made by the Exchange.
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MARS Eligible Contracts
    A MARS Payment would be made to NOM Participants that have System 
Eligibility and have routed at least 5,000 Eligible Contracts daily in 
a month, which were executed on NOM. For the purpose of qualifying for 
the MARS Payment, Eligible Contracts may include Firm,\5\ Non-NOM 
Market Maker,\6\ Broker-Dealer,\7\ Joint Back Office or ``JBO'' \8\ or 
Professional \9\ equity option orders that add liquidity and are 
electronically delivered and executed. Eligible Contracts do not 
include Mini-Option orders.\10\
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    \5\ The term ``Firm'' or (``F'') applies to any transaction that 
is identified by a Participant for clearing in the Firm range at 
OCC.
    \6\ The term ``Non-NOM Market Maker'' or (``O'') is a registered 
market maker on another options exchange that is not a NOM Market 
Maker. A Non-NOM Market Maker must append the proper Non-NOM Market 
Maker designation to orders routed to NOM.
    \7\ The term ``Broker-Dealer'' or (``B'') applies to any 
transaction which is not subject to any of the other transaction 
fees applicable within a particular category.
    \8\ The term ``Joint Back Office'' or ``JBO'' applies to any 
transaction that is identified by a Participant for clearing in the 
Firm range at OCC and is identified with an origin code as a JBO. A 
JBO will be priced the same as a Broker-Dealer as of September 1, 
2014. A JBO participant is a Participant that maintains a JBO 
arrangement with a clearing broker-dealer (``JBO Broker'') subject 
to the requirements of Regulation T Section 220.7 of the Federal 
Reserve System as further discussed in Chapter XIII, Section 5.
    \9\ The term ``Professional'' or (``P'') means any person or 
entity that (i) is not a broker or dealer in securities, and (ii) 
places more than 390 orders in listed options per day on average 
during a calendar month for its own beneficial account(s) pursuant 
to Chapter I, Section 1(a)(48). All Professional orders shall be 
appropriately marked by Participants.
    \10\ Mini Options are further specified in Chapter XV, Section 
2(4).
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    NOM Participants using an order routing functionality provided by 
another Participant or its own functionality will continue to be 
required to comply with best execution obligations.\11\ Specifically, 
just as with any Customer \12\ order and any other routing 
functionality, a NOM Participant will continue to have an obligation to 
consider the availability of price improvement at various markets and 
whether routing a Customer order through a functionality that 
incorporates the features described above would allow for access to 
such opportunities if readily available. Moreover, a NOM Participant 
would need to conduct best execution evaluations on a regular basis, at 
a minimum quarterly, that include its use of any router incorporating 
the features described above.
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    \11\ See Nasdaq Rule 5310A.
    \12\ The term ``Customer'' or (``C'') applies to any transaction 
that is identified by a Participant for clearing in the Customer 
range at OCC which is not for the account of [sic] broker or dealer 
or for the account of a ``Professional'' (as that term is defined in 
Chapter I, Section 1(a)(48)).
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MARS Payment
    NOM Participants that have System Eligibility and have executed the 
Eligible Contracts in a month may receive the MARS Payment of $0.10 per 
contract. The MARS Payment will be paid only on executed Firm orders 
that add liquidity and which are routed to NOM through a participating 
NOM Participant's System. No payment will be made with respect to 
orders that are routed to NOM, but not executed.
    A Participant will not be entitled to receive any other revenue for 
the use of its System specifically with respect to orders routed to 
NOM. The Exchange believes that the MARS Payment will subsidize the 
costs of NOM Participants in providing the routing services.
    The Exchange proposes to add the MARS to new Chapter XV, Section 
2(6), entitled ``Market Access and Routing Subsidy (``MARS'').''
2. Statutory Basis
    The Exchange believes that its proposal is consistent with Section 
6(b) of the Act \13\ in general, and furthers the objectives of 
Sections 6(b)(4) and 6(b)(5) of the Act \14\ in particular, in that it 
provides for the equitable allocation of reasonable dues, fees and 
other charges among Participants and issuers and other persons using 
any facility or system which the Exchange operates or controls, and is 
not designed to permit unfair discrimination between customers, 
issuers, brokers, or dealers.
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    \13\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b).
    \14\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(4) and (5).
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    The Commission and the courts have repeatedly expressed their 
preference for competition over regulatory intervention in determining 
prices, products, and services in the securities markets. In Regulation 
NMS, for example, the Commission indicated that market forces should 
generally determine the price of non-core market data because national 
market system regulation ``has been remarkably successful in promoting 
market competition in its broader forms that are most important to 
investors and listed companies.'' \15\ Likewise, in NetCoalition v. 
NYSE Arca, Inc., 615 F.3d 525 (D.C. Cir. 2010), the DC Circuit upheld 
the Commission's use of a market-based approach in evaluating the 
fairness of market data fees against a challenge claiming that Congress 
mandated a cost-based approach.\16\ As the court emphasized, the 
Commission ``intended in Regulation NMS that `market forces, rather 
than regulatory requirements' play a role in determining the market 
data . . . to be made available to investors and at what cost.'' \17\
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    \15\ Exchange Act Release No. 34-51808 (June 9, 2005) 
(``Regulation NMS Adopting Release'').
    \16\ See NetCoalition, 615 F.3d at 534.
    \17\ Id. at 537.
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    Further, ``[n]o one disputes that competition for order flow is 
`fierce.' . . . As the SEC explained, `[i]n the U.S. national market 
system, buyers and sellers of securities, and the broker-dealers that 
act as their order-routing agents, have a wide range of choices of 
where to route orders for execution'; [and] `no exchange can afford to 
take its market share percentages for granted' because `no exchange 
possesses a monopoly, regulatory or otherwise, in the execution of 
order flow from broker dealers'. . . .'' \18\ Although the Court and 
the SEC were discussing the cash equities markets, the Exchange 
believes that, as discussed above, these views apply with equal force 
to the options markets.
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    \18\ NetCoalition I, 615 F.3d at 539 (quoting ArcaBook Order, 73 
FR at 74782-74783).
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    The Exchange believes that MARS is reasonable because it is 
designed to attract higher volumes of electronic equity and ETF options 
volume to the Exchange, which will benefit all NOM Participants by 
offering greater price discovery, increased transparency, and an 
increased opportunity to trade on the Exchange. Moreover, the Exchange 
believes that the proposed subsidy offered by MARS is both equitable 
and not unfairly discriminatory because any qualifying NOM Participant 
that offers market access and connectivity to the Exchange and/or 
utilizes such functionality themselves may earn the MARS Payment for 
all Eligible Contracts.
MARS System Eligibility
    The Exchange believes that requiring NOM Participants to maintain 
their Systems according to the various requirements set forth by the 
Exchange in order to qualify for MARS is reasonable because the 
Exchange seeks to encourage market participants to send higher volumes 
of orders to NOM, which will contribute to the Exchange's depth of book 
as well as to the top of book liquidity. The Exchange also believes 
that the proposed MARS is reasonable because it is designed to enhance 
the competitiveness of the Exchange, particularly with respect to

[[Page 72765]]

those exchanges that offer their own front-end order entry system or 
one they subsidize in some manner.\19\ The Exchange believes that 
requiring Participants to maintain their Systems according to the 
various requirements set forth by the Exchange in order to qualify for 
MARS is equitable and not unfairly discriminatory because these 
requirements will uniformly apply to all Participants desiring to 
qualify for MARS.
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    \19\ See, e.g., supra note 10 [sic]; Securities Exchange Act 
Release No. 34-54121 (July 10, 2006), 71 FR 40566 (July 17, 2006) 
(SR-ISE-2006-31) (describing PrecISE, which is a front-end, order 
entry application for trading options utilized by International 
Securities Exchange LLC).
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    The Exchange also notes that the Chicago Board of [sic] Options 
Exchange, Inc. (``CBOE'') currently offers a similar Order Routing 
Subsidy (``ORS''), which, similar to the current proposal, allows CBOE 
Participants [sic] to enter into subsidy arrangements with CBOE Trading 
Permit Holders (``TPHs'') that provide certain order routing 
functionalities to other CBOE TPHs and/or use such functionalities 
themselves.\20\ Also, NYSE MKT LLC (``NYSE MKT'') had a Market Access 
and Connectivity Subsidy (``MAC'') which allowed NYSE MKT Participants 
[sic] to enter into subsidy arrangements with ATP Holders that provided 
certain order routing functionalities to other ATP Holders and/or use 
such functionalities themselves. The NYSE MKT program was 
discontinued.\21\ Finally, in 2007, NASDAQ OMX PHLX LLC (``Phlx'') 
offered a Market Access Provider Subsidy or ``MAPs'' as a per contract 
fee payable by the Phlx to Eligible Market Access Providers for 
Eligible Contracts submitted by MAPs for execution on Phlx. The subsidy 
was applicable to any Phlx member organization that qualified as a MAP 
and elected to participate for that calendar month.\22\
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    \20\ See note 34 [sic]. CBOE's programs permit both CBOE 
Participants and CBOE non-Participants to be eligible for a rebate. 
CBOE Participants are eligible to receive exchange transaction fees 
on transactions that earn a non-CBOE Participant a subsidy payment.
    \21\ See note 35 [sic]. See also Securities Exchange Act Release 
No. 75609 (August 11 [sic], 2015), 80 FR 48132 (August 5 [sic], 
2015) (SR-NYSEMKT-2015-059).
    \22\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 56274 (August 16, 
2007), 72 FR 48720 (August 24, 2007) (SR-Phlx-2007-54). This program 
is no longer being offered.
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MARS Eligible Contracts
    The Exchange believes that excluding the volumes attributable to 
Mini Options is reasonable, equitable, and not unfairly discriminatory 
for the reasons below. Mini Options are also subject to separate 
pricing.\23\ The Exchange does not desire to pay an additional subsidy 
on top of the already discounted rates for Mini Options. Because all 
NOM Participants seeking to qualify for MARS would be treated equally 
with respect to excluding Mini Options volume, the proposal to exclude 
this volume from the MARS Payment is not inequitable or unfairly 
discriminatory.
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    \23\ See NOM's Rules at Chapter XV Section 2(5) [sic]
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    The Exchange further notes that while MARS is only being offered to 
qualifying NOM Participants for electronically-executed equity option 
orders for Firms, Non-NOM Market Makers, Broker-Dealers, JBOs or 
Professionals that add liquidity and not, for example, on the 
electronic volumes of NOM Customers or NOM Market Makers \24\ the 
Exchange believes this is reasonable, equitable and not unfairly 
discriminatory for the reasons below. With respect to Customer orders, 
the Exchange notes that Customer orders have the ability to earn 
rebates today.\25\ Additionally, Customers are assessed lower 
transaction fees with certain fees.\26\ The Exchange believes that the 
availability of these rebates for Customer volumes as well as certain 
lower transaction fees does not warrant paying an additional subsidy on 
Customer volumes in MARS. With respect to NOM Market Makers, the 
Exchange offers NOM Market Makers certain rebates \27\ and assesses 
them lower transaction fees, as compared to other market 
participants.\28\ The Exchange believes that the rebates coupled with 
the lower transaction fees already provide ample incentive for 
attracting NOM Market Maker volumes to the Exchange and that no further 
subsidy is warranted at this time.
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    \24\ The term ``NOM Market Maker'' or (``M'') is a Participant 
that has registered as a Market Maker on NOM pursuant to Chapter 
VII, Section 2, and must also remain in good standing pursuant to 
Chapter VII, Section 4. In order to receive NOM Market Maker pricing 
in all securities, the Participant must be registered as a NOM 
Market Maker in at least one security.
    \25\ See NOM's Rules at Chapter XV, Section 2(1).
    \26\ Id.
    \27\ Id.
    \28\ Id.
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    The proposed MAC [sic] Subsidy is designed to attract higher margin 
business to the Exchange, business which at present has no opportunity 
to transact at rates anywhere close to the rate assessed to Customers 
and NOM Market Makers. To offer the proposed subsidy on Customer or NOM 
Market Maker electronic volume would require funding from some other 
source, such as raising fees for other Participants. As a result, the 
Exchange believes it is appropriate to permit eligibility based on the 
following type of volume: Firm, Non-NOM Market Maker, Broker-Dealer, 
JBO and Professional, which Participants are charged higher per 
contract transaction fees than other market Participants. The Exchange 
notes that it is commonplace within the options industry for exchanges 
to charge different rates and/or offer different rebates depending upon 
the capacity in which a participant is trading. For these reasons, the 
Exchange believes that the proposed change to offer a MARS Payment to 
qualifying NOM Participants on certain electronic volume is reasonable, 
equitable and not unfairly discriminatory for the reasons mentioned 
herein.
    Finally, the Exchange believes that 5,000 Eligible Contracts is a 
reasonable level of contracts, because the Exchange is only counting 
add liquidity from Firms, Non-NOM Market Makers, Broker-Dealers, JBOs 
and Professionals which are electronically delivered and executed. The 
Exchange is not counting remove liquidity and therefore the number 
reflects what the Exchange believes to be an appropriate level of 
commitment from NOM Participants. The Exchange believes that 5,000 
Eligible Contracts is equitable and not unfairly discriminatory because 
this level will be uniformly applied to all qualifying Participants.
MARS Payment
    The Exchange believes that it is reasonable, equitable and not 
unfairly discriminatory to pay the proposed MARS Payment to NOM 
Participants that have System Eligibility and have executed the 
Eligible Contracts, even when a different NOM Participant may be liable 
for transaction charges resulting from the execution of the orders upon 
which the subsidy might be paid. The Exchange notes that this sort of 
arrangement already exists on other options exchanges such as Phlx 
which pays a Qualified Contingent Cross (``QCC'') Rebate for floor 
transactions.\29\ Today, this arrangement on Phlx results in a 
situation where the floor broker is

[[Page 72766]]

earning a rebate and one or more different Phlx members are potentially 
liable for the Exchange transaction charges applicable to QCC Orders. 
With the QCC rebates applicable to transactions executed on the trading 
floor, Phlx does not offer a front-end for order entry; unlike some of 
the competing exchanges, Phlx has argued that it is necessary from a 
competitive standpoint to offer this rebate to the executing floor 
broker on a QCC Order.\30\ Also, all qualifying NOM Participants would 
be uniformly paid the subsidy on all qualifying volume that was routed 
by them to the Exchange and executed.
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    \29\ See Phlx's Pricing Schedule. A Floor QCC Order must: (i) Be 
for at least 1,000 contracts, (ii) meet the six requirements of Rule 
1080(o)(3) which are modeled on the QCT Exemption, (iii) be executed 
at a price at or between the NBBO; and (iv) be rejected if a 
Customer order is resting on the Exchange book at the same price. In 
order to satisfy the 1,000-contract requirement, a Floor QCC Order 
must be for 1,000 contracts and could not be, for example, two 500-
contract orders or two 500-contract legs. See Phlx Rule 1064(e). See 
also Securities Exchange Act Release No. 64688 (June 16, 2011), 76 
FR 36606 (June 22, 2011) (SR-Phlx-2011-56).
    \30\ See also Securities Exchange Act Release No. 64688 (June 
16, 2011), 76 FR 36606 (June 22, 2011) (SR-Phlx-2011-56) (Order 
Granting Approval of Proposed Rule Change Establishing a Qualified 
Contingent Cross Order for Execution on the Floor of the Exchange).
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    The Exchange believes the $0.10 per contract rate that is being 
offered to be paid as a subsidy is reasonable and will allow NOM 
Participants to price their services at a level that will enable them 
to attract order flow from market participants who would otherwise 
utilize an existing front-end order entry mechanism offered by the 
Exchange's competitors instead of incurring the cost in time and money 
to develop their own internal systems to be able to deliver orders 
directly to the Exchange's trading systems. The Exchange believes that 
offering a flat rate is reasonable because all qualifying NOM 
Participants would receive the same $0.10 per contract subsidy, 
provided they met the qualifications for MARS.
    The Exchange believes that paying the MARS payments to a NOM 
Participant, solely on electronically delivered and executed Firm 
orders that add liquidity and are submitted by the qualifying NOM 
Participant, is reasonable because, as noted herein Customers and NOM 
Market Makers are offered other pricing incentives such as rebates and 
lower fees. With respect to Non-NOM Market Makers, Professionals, JBOs 
and Broker-Dealers the Exchange believes it is reasonable to 
differentiate these market participants and Firms for the reasons which 
follow. The Exchange desires to incentivize NOM Participants to 
transact Firm, Non-NOM Market Maker, JBO, Broker-Dealer and 
Professional orders on the Exchange to qualify for MARS and receive the 
subsidy for Firm orders that add liquidity. The Exchange believes that 
this proposal may incentivize NOM Participants that receive reduced 
rates at other options exchanges to select NOM as a venue to send Firm, 
Non-NOM Market Maker, JBO, Broker-Dealer and Professional orders by 
offering competitive pricing to these market participants in the form 
of a subsidy, even though the financial benefit will only be made with 
respect to Firm orders that add liquidity. Such competitive, 
differentiated pricing exists today on other options exchanges.\31\ 
Further, the Exchange believes there is nothing impermissible about the 
MARS Payment being made solely on Firm orders that add liquidity. This 
practice is consistent with longstanding differentials between Firms, 
other Broker-Dealers, Non-NOM Market Makers and Professionals. The 
options exchanges have differentiated between: retail customers and 
professional customers; broker/dealers clearing in the ``Firm'' range 
at OCC and broker/dealers registered as market makers and away market 
makers; early-adopting market makers; and many others. The Commission 
has also permitted price differentiation based on whether an order is 
processed manually versus electronically. The proposal is consistent 
with previously established pricing proposals accepted by the 
Commission.
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    \31\ See Phlx's Pricing Schedule at Section II. Phlx offers 
Firms a Monthly Firm Fee Cap to lower transaction fees.
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    The Exchange believes that paying the MARS payments to a NOM 
Participant, solely on electronically delivered and executed Firm 
orders that add liquidity and are submitted by the qualifying NOM 
Participant, is equitable and not unfairly discriminatory because MARS 
should provide an incentive for Firms to add liquidity on NOM, which 
order flow brings increased liquidity to the Exchange for the benefit 
of all Exchange Participants. To the extent the purpose of the proposed 
MARS is achieved, all the Exchange's Participants, including Non-NOM 
Market Makers, Professionals and Broker-Dealers, should benefit from 
the improved market liquidity.
    Further, the Exchange believes that paying the MARS payments to a 
NOM Participant, solely on executed on [sic] Firm orders that add 
liquidity and not paying a subsidy for the removal of liquidity, is 
reasonable because the Exchange desires to incentivize NOM participants 
to add liquidity to NOM. Today, NOM offers rebates to Customers, 
Professionals and NOM Market Makers for adding liquidity on NOM.\32\ 
Attracting liquidity on NOM benefits all market participants who have 
an opportunity to interact with such liquidity. Further, the Exchange 
believes that paying the MARS payments to a NOM Participant, solely on 
executed Firm orders that add liquidity and not orders that remove 
liquidity, is equitable and not unfairly discriminatory because all NOM 
Participants that qualify for a MARS Payment would only be paid on add 
liquidity.
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    \32\ See NOM's Rules at Chapter XV, Section 2(1).
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    Finally, the Exchange believes that adding a new Chapter XV, 
Section 2(6) is reasonable, equitable and not unfairly discriminatory 
as it will make finding MARS easier for all Participants.

B. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Burden on Competition

    The Exchange does not believe that the proposed rule change will 
impose any burden on competition not necessary or appropriate in 
furtherance of the purposes of the Act. In terms of inter-market 
competition, the Exchange notes that it operates in a highly 
competitive market in which market participants can readily favor 
competing venues if they deem fee levels at a particular venue to be 
excessive, or rebate opportunities available at other venues to be more 
favorable. In such an environment, the Exchange must continually adjust 
its fees to remain competitive with other exchanges and with 
alternative trading systems that have been exempted from compliance 
with the statutory standards applicable to exchanges. Because 
competitors are free to modify their own fees in response, and because 
market participants may readily adjust their order routing practices, 
the Exchange believes that the degree to which fee changes in this 
market may impose any burden on competition is extremely limited.
MARS System Eligibility
    The Exchange believes that requiring Participants to maintain their 
Systems according to the various requirements set forth by the Exchange 
in order to qualify for MARS does not create an undue burden on intra-
market competition because the proposed requirements will uniformly 
apply to all Participants desiring to qualify for MARS.
MARS Eligible Contracts
    The Exchange believes that excluding Mini Options does not create 
an undue burden on intra-market competition because this type of order 
will uniformly be excluded from the volume calculation for all 
qualifying NOM Participants for MARS.
    The Exchange believes that excluding Customer and NOM Market Makers 
orders from the types of orders that would be eligible for MARS does 
not create an undue burden on intra-market competition, because 
Customers are

[[Page 72767]]

assessed lower transaction fees and are eligible for rebates. With 
respect to NOM Market Makers, the Exchange offers NOM Market Makers 
rebates and assesses them lower transaction fees as compared to other 
Participants.
    The Exchange believes that preventing Participants from receiving 
any other revenue for the use of its System, specifically with respect 
to orders routed to NOM does not create undue burden on intra-market 
competition because the Exchange would continue to uniformly apply its 
MARS requirements to all NOM Participants.
    Finally, the Exchange believes that the 5,000 Eligible Contracts 
requirement does not create an undue burden on intra-market competition 
because this level will be uniformly applied to all qualifying NOM 
Participants.
MARS Payment
    The Exchange believes that paying the proposed MARS Payment to 
qualifying NOM Participants that have System eligibility and have 
executed the Eligible Contracts does not create an undue burden on 
intra-market competition, even when a different NOM Participant, other 
than the NOM Participant receiving the subsidy, may be liable for 
transaction charges, because this sort of arrangement already exists on 
the Exchange [sic] and would be uniformly applied to all qualifying NOM 
Participants.
    The Exchange believes that paying the proposed $0.10 per contract 
MARS Payment to qualifying NOM Participants that have System 
Eligibility and have executed the Eligible Contracts in a month, solely 
on executed Firm orders that add liquidity, does not create an undue 
burden on intra-market competition because the Exchange is counting all 
Firm, Non-NOM Market Maker, JBO, Broker-Dealer and Professional volume 
toward the Eligible Contracts. Customers and NOM Market Makers are 
offered other pricing incentives such as rebates and lower fees. The 
increased order flow will bring increased liquidity to the Exchange for 
the benefit of all Participants. To the extent the purpose of the 
proposed MARS is achieved, all the Exchange's Participants, including 
Non-NOM Market Makers, Professionals and Broker-Dealers, should benefit 
from the improved market liquidity.
    The Exchange believes that paying the MARS payments to a NOM 
Participant, solely on electronically delivered and executed Firm 
orders that add liquidity, and are submitted by the qualifying NOM 
Participant, does not create an undue burden on intra-market 
competition because MARS should provide an incentive for Firms to add 
liquidity on NOM, which order flow brings increased liquidity to the 
Exchange for the benefit of all Exchange Participants. To the extent 
the purpose of the proposed MARS is achieved, all the Exchange's 
Participants, including Non-NOM Market Makers, Professionals and 
Broker-Dealers, should benefit from the improved market liquidity.
    Further, the Exchange believes that paying the MARS payments to a 
NOM Participant, solely on executed Firm orders that add liquidity and 
not paying a subsidy for the removal of liquidity does not create an 
undue burden on intra-market competition because the Exchange desires 
to incentivize NOM participants to add liquidity to NOM. Attracting 
liquidity on NOM benefits all Participants who have an opportunity to 
interact with such liquidity. Also, all NOM Participants that qualify 
for a MARS Payment would only be paid on add liquidity.

C. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Comments on the Proposed 
Rule Change Received From Members, Participants, or Others

    No written comments were either solicited or received.

III. Date of Effectiveness of the Proposed Rule Change and Timing for 
Commission Action

    The foregoing rule change has become effective pursuant to Section 
19(b)(3)(A)(ii) of the Act.\33\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \33\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(3)(A)(ii).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    At any time within 60 days of the filing of the proposed rule 
change, the Commission summarily may temporarily suspend such rule 
change if it appears to the Commission that such action is: (i) 
Necessary or appropriate in the public interest; (ii) for the 
protection of investors; or (iii) otherwise in furtherance of the 
purposes of the Act. If the Commission takes such action, the 
Commission shall institute proceedings to determine whether the 
proposed rule should be approved or disapproved.

IV. Solicitation of Comments

    Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views, and 
arguments concerning the foregoing, including whether the proposed rule 
change is consistent with the Act. Comments may be submitted by any of 
the following methods:

Electronic Comments

     Use the Commission's Internet comment form (http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml); or
     Send an email to [email protected]. Please include 
File Number SR-NASDAQ-2015-133 on the subject line.

Paper Comments

     Send paper comments in triplicate to Brent J. Fields, 
Secretary, Securities and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street NE., 
Washington, DC 20549-1090.

All submissions should refer to File Number SR-NASDAQ-2015-133. This 
file number should be included on the subject line if email is used. To 
help the Commission process and review your comments more efficiently, 
please use only one method. The Commission will post all comments on 
the Commission's Internet Web site (http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the submission, all subsequent amendments, all 
written statements with respect to the proposed rule change that are 
filed with the Commission, and all written communications relating to 
the proposed rule change between the Commission and any person, other 
than those that may be withheld from the public in accordance with the 
provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be available for Web site viewing and 
printing in the Commission's Public Reference Room, 100 F Street NE., 
Washington, DC 20549 on official business days between the hours of 
10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Copies of such filing also will be available 
for inspection and copying at the principal office of the Exchange. All 
comments received will be posted without change; the Commission does 
not edit personal identifying information from submissions. You should 
submit only information that you wish to make available publicly. All 
submissions should refer to File Number SR-NASDAQ-2015-133, and should 
be submitted on or before December 11, 2015.

    For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets, 
pursuant to delegated authority.\34\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \34\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Robert W. Errett,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2015-29601 Filed 11-19-15; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011-01-P



                                                                          Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 224 / Friday, November 20, 2015 / Notices                                                      72763

                                              with respect to the proposed rule                       I. Self-Regulatory Organization’s                       A. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
                                              change that are filed with the                          Statement of the Terms of Substance of                  Statement of the Purpose of, and
                                              Commission, and all written                             the Proposed Rule Change                                Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule
                                              communications relating to the                             The Exchange proposes to amend the                   Change
                                              proposed rule change between the                        Exchange’s transaction fees at Chapter                  1. Purpose
                                              Commission and any person, other than                   XV, Section 2 entitled ‘‘NASDAQ
                                              those that may be withheld from the                                                                                NOM proposes a new subsidy
                                                                                                      Options Market—Fees and Rebates,’’
                                              public in accordance with the                                                                                   program, MARS, which would pay a
                                                                                                      which governs pricing for Nasdaq
                                              provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be                                                                             subsidy to NOM Participants that
                                                                                                      Participants using the NASDAQ Options
                                              available for Web site viewing and                                                                              provide certain order routing
                                                                                                      Market (‘‘NOM’’), Nasdaq’s facility for
                                              printing in the Commission’s Public                                                                             functionalities to other NOM
                                                                                                      executing and routing standardized
                                              Reference Room, 100 F Street NE.,                                                                               Participants and/or use such
                                                                                                      equity and index options. The Exchange
                                              Washington, DC 20549 on official                                                                                functionalities themselves. Generally,
                                                                                                      proposes to create a subsidy program,
                                              business days between the hours of                                                                              under MARS, NOM proposes to make
                                                                                                      the Market Access and Routing Subsidy
                                              10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Copies of such                                                                         payments to participating NOM
                                                                                                      or ‘‘MARS,’’ for NOM Participants that
                                              filing also will be available for                                                                               Participants to subsidize their costs of
                                                                                                      provide certain order routing
                                              inspection and copying at the principal                                                                         providing routing services to route
                                                                                                      functionalities 3 to other NOM
                                              offices of the Exchange. All comments                                                                           orders to NOM. The Exchange believes
                                                                                                      Participants and/or use such
                                              received will be posted without change;                                                                         that MARS will attract higher volumes
                                                                                                      functionalities themselves.
                                              the Commission does not edit personal                      The text of the proposed rule change                 of electronic equity and ETF options
                                              identifying information from                            is available on the Exchange’s Web site                 volume to the Exchange from non-NOM
                                              submissions. You should submit only                     at http://nasdaq.cchwallstreet.com, at                  Participants as well as NOM
                                              information that you wish to make                       the principal office of the Exchange, and               Participants.
                                              available publicly. All submissions                     at the Commission’s Public Reference                    MARS System Eligibility
                                              should refer to File Number SR–CBOE–                    Room.                                                      To qualify for MARS, a NOM
                                              2015–101, and should be submitted on                                                                            Participant’s routing system (hereinafter
                                                                                                      II. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
                                              or before December 11, 2015.                                                                                    ‘‘System’’) would be required to meet
                                                                                                      Statement of the Purpose of, and
                                                For the Commission, by the Division of                Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule                  certain criteria. Specifically the
                                              Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated              Change                                                  Participant’s System would be required
                                              authority.10                                                                                                    to: (1) Enable the electronic routing of
                                              Robert W. Errett,
                                                                                                         In its filing with the Commission, the
                                                                                                      Exchange included statements                            orders to all of the U.S. options
                                              Deputy Secretary.
                                                                                                      concerning the purpose of and basis for                 exchanges, including NOM; (2) provide
                                              [FR Doc. 2015–29598 Filed 11–19–15; 8:45 am]
                                                                                                      the proposed rule change and discussed                  current consolidated market data from
                                              BILLING CODE 8011–01–P                                  any comments it received on the                         the U.S. options exchanges; and (3) be
                                                                                                      proposed rule change. The text of these                 capable of interfacing with NOM’s API
                                                                                                      statements may be examined at the                       to access current NOM match engine
                                              SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE                                 places specified in Item IV below. The                  functionality. The NOM Participant’s
                                              COMMISSION                                              Exchange has prepared summaries, set                    System would also need to cause NOM
                                                                                                      forth in sections A, B, and C below, of                 to be one of the top three default
                                              [Release No. 34–76445; File No. SR–                                                                             destination exchanges for individually
                                              NASDAQ–2015–133]                                        the most significant aspects of such
                                                                                                      statements.                                             executed marketable orders if NOM is at
                                              Self-Regulatory Organizations; The                                                                              the national best bid or offer (‘‘NBBO’’),
                                              NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of                         3 The order routing functionalities permit a NOM     regardless of size or time, but allow any
                                              Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of                   Participant to provide access and connectivity to       user to manually override NOM as the
                                              Proposed Rule Change To Create a                        other Participants as well utilize such access for      default destination on an order-by-order
                                                                                                      themselves. The Exchange notes that under this          basis.
                                              Market Access and Routing Subsidy or                    arrangement it will be possible for one NOM                The Exchange would require NOM
                                              ‘‘MARS’’                                                Participant to be eligible for payments under
                                                                                                      MARS, while another NOM Participant might               Participants desiring to participate in
                                              November 16, 2015.                                      potentially be liable for transaction charges           MARS 4 to complete a form, in a manner
                                                 Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the                  associated with the execution of the order, because     prescribed by the Exchange, and
                                                                                                      those orders were delivered to the Exchange             reaffirm their information on a quarterly
                                              Securities Exchange Act of 1934                         through a NOM Participant’s connection to the
                                              (‘‘Act’’),1 and Rule 19b–4 thereunder,2                 Exchange and that Participant qualified for the         basis to the Exchange. Any NOM
                                              notice is hereby given that, on                         MARS Payment. Consider the following example:           Participant would be permitted to apply
                                                                                                      both Participants A and B are NOM Participants but      for MARS, provided the above-
                                              November 2, 2015, The NASDAQ Stock                      A does not utilize its own connections to route
                                              Market LLC (‘‘Nasdaq’’ or ‘‘Exchange’’)                 orders to the Exchange, and instead utilizes B’s
                                                                                                                                                              referenced requirements are met,
                                              filed with the Securities and Exchange                  connections. Under this program, B will be eligible
                                                                                                                                                                 4 For example, a NOM Participant that desires to
                                              Commission (‘‘SEC’’ or ‘‘Commission’’)                  for the MARS Payment while A is liable for any
                                                                                                      transaction charges resulting from the execution of     qualify for MARS in November must complete the
                                              the proposed rule change as described                   orders that originate from A, arrive at the Exchange    form and submit it to the Exchange no later than
                                              in Items I, II, and III below, which Items              via B’s connectivity, and subsequently execute and      the last business day of November. Such form will
                                              have been prepared by the Exchange.                     clear at The Options Clearing Corporation or            require the NOM Participant to identify the NOM
                                              The Commission is publishing this                       ‘‘OCC,’’ where A is the valid executing clearing        Participant seeking the MARS Payment and must
                                                                                                      Participant or give-up on the transaction. Similarly,   list, among other things, the connections utilized by
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                                              notice to solicit comments on the                       where B utilizes its own connections to execute         the NOM Participant to provide Exchange access to
                                              proposed rule change from interested                    transactions, B will be eligible for the MARS           other NOM Participants and/or itself. MARS
                                              persons.                                                Payment, but would also be liable for any               Payments would be made one month in arrears (i.e.,
                                                                                                      transaction [sic] resulting from the execution of       a MARS Payment earned for activity in November
                                                                                                      orders that originate from B, arrive at the Exchange    would be paid to the qualifying NOM Participant
                                                10 17 CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).                            via B’s connectivity, and subsequently execute and      in December), as is the case with all other
                                                1 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).                                clear at OCC, where B is the valid executing            transactional payments and assessments made by
                                                2 17 CFR 240.19b–4.                                   clearing Participant or give-up on the transaction.     the Exchange.



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                                              72764                        Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 224 / Friday, November 20, 2015 / Notices

                                              including a robust and reliable System.                  readily available. Moreover, a NOM                   fairness of market data fees against a
                                              The Participant would be solely                          Participant would need to conduct best               challenge claiming that Congress
                                              responsible for implementing and                         execution evaluations on a regular basis,            mandated a cost-based approach.16 As
                                              operating its System.                                    at a minimum quarterly, that include its             the court emphasized, the Commission
                                                                                                       use of any router incorporating the                  ‘‘intended in Regulation NMS that
                                              MARS Eligible Contracts
                                                                                                       features described above.                            ‘market forces, rather than regulatory
                                                 A MARS Payment would be made to                                                                            requirements’ play a role in determining
                                              NOM Participants that have System                        MARS Payment
                                                                                                                                                            the market data . . . to be made
                                              Eligibility and have routed at least 5,000                  NOM Participants that have System                 available to investors and at what
                                              Eligible Contracts daily in a month,                     Eligibility and have executed the                    cost.’’ 17
                                              which were executed on NOM. For the                      Eligible Contracts in a month may                       Further, ‘‘[n]o one disputes that
                                              purpose of qualifying for the MARS                       receive the MARS Payment of $0.10 per                competition for order flow is ‘fierce.’
                                              Payment, Eligible Contracts may include                  contract. The MARS Payment will be                   . . . As the SEC explained, ‘[i]n the U.S.
                                              Firm,5 Non-NOM Market Maker,6                            paid only on executed Firm orders that               national market system, buyers and
                                              Broker-Dealer,7 Joint Back Office or                     add liquidity and which are routed to                sellers of securities, and the broker-
                                              ‘‘JBO’’ 8 or Professional 9 equity option                NOM through a participating NOM                      dealers that act as their order-routing
                                              orders that add liquidity and are                        Participant’s System. No payment will                agents, have a wide range of choices of
                                              electronically delivered and executed.                   be made with respect to orders that are              where to route orders for execution’;
                                              Eligible Contracts do not include Mini-                  routed to NOM, but not executed.                     [and] ‘no exchange can afford to take its
                                              Option orders.10                                            A Participant will not be entitled to             market share percentages for granted’
                                                 NOM Participants using an order                       receive any other revenue for the use of             because ‘no exchange possesses a
                                              routing functionality provided by                        its System specifically with respect to              monopoly, regulatory or otherwise, in
                                              another Participant or its own                           orders routed to NOM. The Exchange                   the execution of order flow from broker
                                              functionality will continue to be                        believes that the MARS Payment will                  dealers’. . . .’’ 18 Although the Court
                                              required to comply with best execution                   subsidize the costs of NOM Participants              and the SEC were discussing the cash
                                              obligations.11 Specifically, just as with                in providing the routing services.                   equities markets, the Exchange believes
                                              any Customer 12 order and any other                         The Exchange proposes to add the                  that, as discussed above, these views
                                              routing functionality, a NOM                             MARS to new Chapter XV, Section 2(6),                apply with equal force to the options
                                              Participant will continue to have an                     entitled ‘‘Market Access and Routing                 markets.
                                              obligation to consider the availability of               Subsidy (‘‘MARS’’).’’                                   The Exchange believes that MARS is
                                              price improvement at various markets                                                                          reasonable because it is designed to
                                              and whether routing a Customer order                     2. Statutory Basis
                                                                                                                                                            attract higher volumes of electronic
                                              through a functionality that incorporates                  The Exchange believes that its                     equity and ETF options volume to the
                                              the features described above would                       proposal is consistent with Section 6(b)             Exchange, which will benefit all NOM
                                              allow for access to such opportunities if                of the Act 13 in general, and furthers the           Participants by offering greater price
                                                                                                       objectives of Sections 6(b)(4) and 6(b)(5)           discovery, increased transparency, and
                                                 5 The term ‘‘Firm’’ or (‘‘F’’) applies to any
                                                                                                       of the Act 14 in particular, in that it              an increased opportunity to trade on the
                                              transaction that is identified by a Participant for
                                              clearing in the Firm range at OCC.                       provides for the equitable allocation of             Exchange. Moreover, the Exchange
                                                 6 The term ‘‘Non-NOM Market Maker’’ or (‘‘O’’) is     reasonable dues, fees and other charges              believes that the proposed subsidy
                                              a registered market maker on another options             among Participants and issuers and                   offered by MARS is both equitable and
                                              exchange that is not a NOM Market Maker. A Non-          other persons using any facility or
                                              NOM Market Maker must append the proper Non-
                                                                                                                                                            not unfairly discriminatory because any
                                              NOM Market Maker designation to orders routed to         system which the Exchange operates or                qualifying NOM Participant that offers
                                              NOM.                                                     controls, and is not designed to permit              market access and connectivity to the
                                                 7 The term ‘‘Broker-Dealer’’ or (‘‘B’’) applies to    unfair discrimination between                        Exchange and/or utilizes such
                                              any transaction which is not subject to any of the       customers, issuers, brokers, or dealers.             functionality themselves may earn the
                                              other transaction fees applicable within a particular
                                              category.
                                                                                                         The Commission and the courts have                 MARS Payment for all Eligible
                                                 8 The term ‘‘Joint Back Office’’ or ‘‘JBO’’ applies   repeatedly expressed their preference                Contracts.
                                              to any transaction that is identified by a Participant   for competition over regulatory
                                              for clearing in the Firm range at OCC and is             intervention in determining prices,                  MARS System Eligibility
                                              identified with an origin code as a JBO. A JBO will      products, and services in the securities               The Exchange believes that requiring
                                              be priced the same as a Broker-Dealer as of
                                              September 1, 2014. A JBO participant is a                markets. In Regulation NMS, for                      NOM Participants to maintain their
                                              Participant that maintains a JBO arrangement with        example, the Commission indicated that               Systems according to the various
                                              a clearing broker-dealer (‘‘JBO Broker’’) subject to     market forces should generally                       requirements set forth by the Exchange
                                              the requirements of Regulation T Section 220.7 of        determine the price of non-core market               in order to qualify for MARS is
                                              the Federal Reserve System as further discussed in
                                              Chapter XIII, Section 5.                                 data because national market system                  reasonable because the Exchange seeks
                                                 9 The term ‘‘Professional’’ or (‘‘P’’) means any      regulation ‘‘has been remarkably                     to encourage market participants to send
                                              person or entity that (i) is not a broker or dealer in   successful in promoting market                       higher volumes of orders to NOM,
                                              securities, and (ii) places more than 390 orders in      competition in its broader forms that are            which will contribute to the Exchange’s
                                              listed options per day on average during a calendar
                                              month for its own beneficial account(s) pursuant to
                                                                                                       most important to investors and listed               depth of book as well as to the top of
                                              Chapter I, Section 1(a)(48). All Professional orders     companies.’’ 15 Likewise, in                         book liquidity. The Exchange also
                                              shall be appropriately marked by Participants.           NetCoalition v. NYSE Arca, Inc., 615                 believes that the proposed MARS is
                                                 10 Mini Options are further specified in Chapter
                                                                                                       F.3d 525 (D.C. Cir. 2010), the DC Circuit            reasonable because it is designed to
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                                              XV, Section 2(4).                                        upheld the Commission’s use of a                     enhance the competitiveness of the
                                                 11 See Nasdaq Rule 5310A.
                                                 12 The term ‘‘Customer’’ or (‘‘C’’) applies to any
                                                                                                       market-based approach in evaluating the              Exchange, particularly with respect to
                                              transaction that is identified by a Participant for
                                                                                                         13 15 U.S.C. 78f(b).                                 16 See NetCoalition, 615 F.3d at 534.
                                              clearing in the Customer range at OCC which is not
                                                                                                         14 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(4) and (5).                      17 Id.at 537.
                                              for the account of [sic] broker or dealer or for the
                                              account of a ‘‘Professional’’ (as that term is defined     15 Exchange Act Release No. 34–51808 (June 9,        18 NetCoalition I, 615 F.3d at 539 (quoting

                                              in Chapter I, Section 1(a)(48)).                         2005) (‘‘Regulation NMS Adopting Release’’).         ArcaBook Order, 73 FR at 74782–74783).



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                                                                          Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 224 / Friday, November 20, 2015 / Notices                                                        72765

                                              those exchanges that offer their own                    subject to separate pricing.23 The                      result, the Exchange believes it is
                                              front-end order entry system or one they                Exchange does not desire to pay an                      appropriate to permit eligibility based
                                              subsidize in some manner.19 The                         additional subsidy on top of the already                on the following type of volume: Firm,
                                              Exchange believes that requiring                        discounted rates for Mini Options.                      Non-NOM Market Maker, Broker-Dealer,
                                              Participants to maintain their Systems                  Because all NOM Participants seeking to                 JBO and Professional, which
                                              according to the various requirements                   qualify for MARS would be treated                       Participants are charged higher per
                                              set forth by the Exchange in order to                   equally with respect to excluding Mini                  contract transaction fees than other
                                              qualify for MARS is equitable and not                   Options volume, the proposal to                         market Participants. The Exchange notes
                                              unfairly discriminatory because these                   exclude this volume from the MARS                       that it is commonplace within the
                                              requirements will uniformly apply to all                Payment is not inequitable or unfairly                  options industry for exchanges to charge
                                              Participants desiring to qualify for                    discriminatory.                                         different rates and/or offer different
                                              MARS.                                                      The Exchange further notes that while                rebates depending upon the capacity in
                                                 The Exchange also notes that the                     MARS is only being offered to                           which a participant is trading. For these
                                              Chicago Board of [sic] Options                          qualifying NOM Participants for                         reasons, the Exchange believes that the
                                              Exchange, Inc. (‘‘CBOE’’) currently                     electronically-executed equity option                   proposed change to offer a MARS
                                              offers a similar Order Routing Subsidy                  orders for Firms, Non-NOM Market                        Payment to qualifying NOM Participants
                                              (‘‘ORS’’), which, similar to the current                Makers, Broker-Dealers, JBOs or                         on certain electronic volume is
                                              proposal, allows CBOE Participants [sic]                Professionals that add liquidity and not,               reasonable, equitable and not unfairly
                                              to enter into subsidy arrangements with                 for example, on the electronic volumes                  discriminatory for the reasons
                                              CBOE Trading Permit Holders (‘‘TPHs’’)                  of NOM Customers or NOM Market                          mentioned herein.
                                              that provide certain order routing                      Makers 24 the Exchange believes this is                    Finally, the Exchange believes that
                                              functionalities to other CBOE TPHs and/                 reasonable, equitable and not unfairly                  5,000 Eligible Contracts is a reasonable
                                              or use such functionalities                             discriminatory for the reasons below.                   level of contracts, because the Exchange
                                              themselves.20 Also, NYSE MKT LLC                        With respect to Customer orders, the                    is only counting add liquidity from
                                              (‘‘NYSE MKT’’) had a Market Access                      Exchange notes that Customer orders                     Firms, Non-NOM Market Makers,
                                              and Connectivity Subsidy (‘‘MAC’’)                      have the ability to earn rebates today.25               Broker-Dealers, JBOs and Professionals
                                              which allowed NYSE MKT Participants                     Additionally, Customers are assessed                    which are electronically delivered and
                                              [sic] to enter into subsidy arrangements                lower transaction fees with certain                     executed. The Exchange is not counting
                                              with ATP Holders that provided certain                  fees.26 The Exchange believes that the                  remove liquidity and therefore the
                                              order routing functionalities to other                  availability of these rebates for                       number reflects what the Exchange
                                              ATP Holders and/or use such                             Customer volumes as well as certain                     believes to be an appropriate level of
                                              functionalities themselves. The NYSE                    lower transaction fees does not warrant                 commitment from NOM Participants.
                                              MKT program was discontinued.21                         paying an additional subsidy on                         The Exchange believes that 5,000
                                              Finally, in 2007, NASDAQ OMX PHLX                       Customer volumes in MARS. With                          Eligible Contracts is equitable and not
                                              LLC (‘‘Phlx’’) offered a Market Access                  respect to NOM Market Makers, the                       unfairly discriminatory because this
                                              Provider Subsidy or ‘‘MAPs’’ as a per                   Exchange offers NOM Market Makers                       level will be uniformly applied to all
                                              contract fee payable by the Phlx to                     certain rebates 27 and assesses them                    qualifying Participants.
                                              Eligible Market Access Providers for                    lower transaction fees, as compared to
                                              Eligible Contracts submitted by MAPs                    other market participants.28 The                        MARS Payment
                                              for execution on Phlx. The subsidy was                  Exchange believes that the rebates                         The Exchange believes that it is
                                              applicable to any Phlx member                           coupled with the lower transaction fees                 reasonable, equitable and not unfairly
                                              organization that qualified as a MAP                    already provide ample incentive for                     discriminatory to pay the proposed
                                              and elected to participate for that                     attracting NOM Market Maker volumes                     MARS Payment to NOM Participants
                                              calendar month.22                                       to the Exchange and that no further                     that have System Eligibility and have
                                                                                                      subsidy is warranted at this time.                      executed the Eligible Contracts, even
                                              MARS Eligible Contracts                                    The proposed MAC [sic] Subsidy is
                                                                                                                                                              when a different NOM Participant may
                                                The Exchange believes that excluding                  designed to attract higher margin
                                                                                                                                                              be liable for transaction charges
                                              the volumes attributable to Mini                        business to the Exchange, business
                                                                                                                                                              resulting from the execution of the
                                              Options is reasonable, equitable, and                   which at present has no opportunity to
                                                                                                                                                              orders upon which the subsidy might be
                                              not unfairly discriminatory for the                     transact at rates anywhere close to the
                                                                                                                                                              paid. The Exchange notes that this sort
                                              reasons below. Mini Options are also                    rate assessed to Customers and NOM
                                                                                                                                                              of arrangement already exists on other
                                                                                                      Market Makers. To offer the proposed
                                                                                                                                                              options exchanges such as Phlx which
                                                 19 See, e.g., supra note 10 [sic]; Securities        subsidy on Customer or NOM Market
                                                                                                                                                              pays a Qualified Contingent Cross
                                              Exchange Act Release No. 34–54121 (July 10, 2006),      Maker electronic volume would require
                                                                                                                                                              (‘‘QCC’’) Rebate for floor transactions.29
                                              71 FR 40566 (July 17, 2006) (SR–ISE–2006–31)            funding from some other source, such as
                                              (describing PrecISE, which is a front-end, order        raising fees for other Participants. As a               Today, this arrangement on Phlx results
                                              entry application for trading options utilized by                                                               in a situation where the floor broker is
                                              International Securities Exchange LLC).
                                                                                                        23 See   NOM’s Rules at Chapter XV Section 2(5)
                                                 20 See note 34 [sic]. CBOE’s programs permit both                                                               29 See Phlx’s Pricing Schedule. A Floor QCC
                                              CBOE Participants and CBOE non-Participants to be       [sic]
                                                                                                        24 The                                                Order must: (i) Be for at least 1,000 contracts, (ii)
                                              eligible for a rebate. CBOE Participants are eligible             term ‘‘NOM Market Maker’’ or (‘‘M’’) is a
                                                                                                                                                              meet the six requirements of Rule 1080(o)(3) which
                                              to receive exchange transaction fees on transactions    Participant that has registered as a Market Maker on
                                                                                                                                                              are modeled on the QCT Exemption, (iii) be
                                              that earn a non-CBOE Participant a subsidy              NOM pursuant to Chapter VII, Section 2, and must
                                                                                                                                                              executed at a price at or between the NBBO; and
                                              payment.                                                also remain in good standing pursuant to Chapter
                                                                                                                                                              (iv) be rejected if a Customer order is resting on the
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                                                 21 See note 35 [sic]. See also Securities Exchange   VII, Section 4. In order to receive NOM Market
                                                                                                                                                              Exchange book at the same price. In order to satisfy
                                              Act Release No. 75609 (August 11 [sic], 2015), 80       Maker pricing in all securities, the Participant must
                                                                                                                                                              the 1,000-contract requirement, a Floor QCC Order
                                              FR 48132 (August 5 [sic], 2015) (SR–NYSEMKT–            be registered as a NOM Market Maker in at least one
                                                                                                                                                              must be for 1,000 contracts and could not be, for
                                              2015–059).                                              security.
                                                                                                        25 See NOM’s Rules at Chapter XV, Section 2(1).
                                                                                                                                                              example, two 500-contract orders or two 500-
                                                 22 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 56274                                                             contract legs. See Phlx Rule 1064(e). See also
                                                                                                        26 Id.
                                              (August 16, 2007), 72 FR 48720 (August 24, 2007)                                                                Securities Exchange Act Release No. 64688 (June
                                                                                                        27 Id.
                                              (SR–Phlx–2007–54). This program is no longer                                                                    16, 2011), 76 FR 36606 (June 22, 2011) (SR–Phlx–
                                              being offered.                                            28 Id.                                                2011–56).



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                                              72766                       Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 224 / Friday, November 20, 2015 / Notices

                                              earning a rebate and one or more                        orders by offering competitive pricing to               liquidity and not orders that remove
                                              different Phlx members are potentially                  these market participants in the form of                liquidity, is equitable and not unfairly
                                              liable for the Exchange transaction                     a subsidy, even though the financial                    discriminatory because all NOM
                                              charges applicable to QCC Orders. With                  benefit will only be made with respect                  Participants that qualify for a MARS
                                              the QCC rebates applicable to                           to Firm orders that add liquidity. Such                 Payment would only be paid on add
                                              transactions executed on the trading                    competitive, differentiated pricing exists              liquidity.
                                              floor, Phlx does not offer a front-end for              today on other options exchanges.31                        Finally, the Exchange believes that
                                              order entry; unlike some of the                         Further, the Exchange believes there is                 adding a new Chapter XV, Section 2(6)
                                              competing exchanges, Phlx has argued                    nothing impermissible about the MARS                    is reasonable, equitable and not unfairly
                                              that it is necessary from a competitive                 Payment being made solely on Firm                       discriminatory as it will make finding
                                              standpoint to offer this rebate to the                  orders that add liquidity. This practice                MARS easier for all Participants.
                                              executing floor broker on a QCC                         is consistent with longstanding                         B. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
                                              Order.30 Also, all qualifying NOM                       differentials between Firms, other                      Statement on Burden on Competition
                                              Participants would be uniformly paid                    Broker-Dealers, Non-NOM Market
                                              the subsidy on all qualifying volume                    Makers and Professionals. The options                      The Exchange does not believe that
                                              that was routed by them to the Exchange                 exchanges have differentiated between:                  the proposed rule change will impose
                                              and executed.                                           retail customers and professional                       any burden on competition not
                                                 The Exchange believes the $0.10 per                  customers; broker/dealers clearing in                   necessary or appropriate in furtherance
                                              contract rate that is being offered to be               the ‘‘Firm’’ range at OCC and broker/                   of the purposes of the Act. In terms of
                                              paid as a subsidy is reasonable and will                dealers registered as market makers and                 inter-market competition, the Exchange
                                              allow NOM Participants to price their                   away market makers; early-adopting                      notes that it operates in a highly
                                              services at a level that will enable them               market makers; and many others. The                     competitive market in which market
                                              to attract order flow from market                       Commission has also permitted price                     participants can readily favor competing
                                              participants who would otherwise                        differentiation based on whether an                     venues if they deem fee levels at a
                                              utilize an existing front-end order entry               order is processed manually versus                      particular venue to be excessive, or
                                              mechanism offered by the Exchange’s                     electronically. The proposal is                         rebate opportunities available at other
                                              competitors instead of incurring the cost               consistent with previously established                  venues to be more favorable. In such an
                                              in time and money to develop their own                  pricing proposals accepted by the                       environment, the Exchange must
                                              internal systems to be able to deliver                  Commission.                                             continually adjust its fees to remain
                                              orders directly to the Exchange’s trading                  The Exchange believes that paying the                competitive with other exchanges and
                                              systems. The Exchange believes that                     MARS payments to a NOM Participant,                     with alternative trading systems that
                                              offering a flat rate is reasonable because              solely on electronically delivered and                  have been exempted from compliance
                                              all qualifying NOM Participants would                   executed Firm orders that add liquidity                 with the statutory standards applicable
                                              receive the same $0.10 per contract                     and are submitted by the qualifying                     to exchanges. Because competitors are
                                              subsidy, provided they met the                          NOM Participant, is equitable and not                   free to modify their own fees in
                                              qualifications for MARS.                                unfairly discriminatory because MARS                    response, and because market
                                                 The Exchange believes that paying the                should provide an incentive for Firms to                participants may readily adjust their
                                              MARS payments to a NOM Participant,                     add liquidity on NOM, which order                       order routing practices, the Exchange
                                              solely on electronically delivered and                  flow brings increased liquidity to the                  believes that the degree to which fee
                                              executed Firm orders that add liquidity                 Exchange for the benefit of all Exchange                changes in this market may impose any
                                              and are submitted by the qualifying                     Participants. To the extent the purpose                 burden on competition is extremely
                                              NOM Participant, is reasonable because,                 of the proposed MARS is achieved, all                   limited.
                                              as noted herein Customers and NOM                       the Exchange’s Participants, including
                                              Market Makers are offered other pricing                                                                         MARS System Eligibility
                                                                                                      Non-NOM Market Makers, Professionals
                                              incentives such as rebates and lower                    and Broker-Dealers, should benefit from                   The Exchange believes that requiring
                                              fees. With respect to Non-NOM Market                    the improved market liquidity.                          Participants to maintain their Systems
                                              Makers, Professionals, JBOs and Broker-                    Further, the Exchange believes that                  according to the various requirements
                                              Dealers the Exchange believes it is                     paying the MARS payments to a NOM                       set forth by the Exchange in order to
                                              reasonable to differentiate these market                Participant, solely on executed on [sic]                qualify for MARS does not create an
                                              participants and Firms for the reasons                  Firm orders that add liquidity and not                  undue burden on intra-market
                                              which follow. The Exchange desires to                   paying a subsidy for the removal of                     competition because the proposed
                                              incentivize NOM Participants to                         liquidity, is reasonable because the                    requirements will uniformly apply to all
                                              transact Firm, Non-NOM Market Maker,                    Exchange desires to incentivize NOM                     Participants desiring to qualify for
                                              JBO, Broker-Dealer and Professional                     participants to add liquidity to NOM.                   MARS.
                                              orders on the Exchange to qualify for                   Today, NOM offers rebates to
                                              MARS and receive the subsidy for Firm                                                                           MARS Eligible Contracts
                                                                                                      Customers, Professionals and NOM
                                              orders that add liquidity. The Exchange                                                                           The Exchange believes that excluding
                                                                                                      Market Makers for adding liquidity on
                                              believes that this proposal may                                                                                 Mini Options does not create an undue
                                                                                                      NOM.32 Attracting liquidity on NOM
                                              incentivize NOM Participants that                                                                               burden on intra-market competition
                                                                                                      benefits all market participants who
                                              receive reduced rates at other options                                                                          because this type of order will
                                                                                                      have an opportunity to interact with
                                              exchanges to select NOM as a venue to                                                                           uniformly be excluded from the volume
                                                                                                      such liquidity. Further, the Exchange
                                              send Firm, Non-NOM Market Maker,                                                                                calculation for all qualifying NOM
                                                                                                      believes that paying the MARS
tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES




                                              JBO, Broker-Dealer and Professional                                                                             Participants for MARS.
                                                                                                      payments to a NOM Participant, solely                     The Exchange believes that excluding
                                                30 See also Securities Exchange Act Release No.
                                                                                                      on executed Firm orders that add                        Customer and NOM Market Makers
                                              64688 (June 16, 2011), 76 FR 36606 (June 22, 2011)                                                              orders from the types of orders that
                                                                                                         31 See Phlx’s Pricing Schedule at Section II. Phlx
                                              (SR–Phlx–2011–56) (Order Granting Approval of
                                              Proposed Rule Change Establishing a Qualified           offers Firms a Monthly Firm Fee Cap to lower            would be eligible for MARS does not
                                              Contingent Cross Order for Execution on the Floor       transaction fees.                                       create an undue burden on intra-market
                                              of the Exchange).                                          32 See NOM’s Rules at Chapter XV, Section 2(1).      competition, because Customers are


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                                                                          Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 224 / Friday, November 20, 2015 / Notices                                                   72767

                                              assessed lower transaction fees and are                 competition because MARS should                            • Send an email to rule-comments@
                                              eligible for rebates. With respect to                   provide an incentive for Firms to add                    sec.gov. Please include File Number SR–
                                              NOM Market Makers, the Exchange                         liquidity on NOM, which order flow                       NASDAQ–2015–133 on the subject line.
                                              offers NOM Market Makers rebates and                    brings increased liquidity to the
                                              assesses them lower transaction fees as                 Exchange for the benefit of all Exchange                 Paper Comments
                                              compared to other Participants.                         Participants. To the extent the purpose                    • Send paper comments in triplicate
                                                 The Exchange believes that                           of the proposed MARS is achieved, all
                                              preventing Participants from receiving                                                                           to Brent J. Fields, Secretary, Securities
                                                                                                      the Exchange’s Participants, including
                                              any other revenue for the use of its                                                                             and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street
                                                                                                      Non-NOM Market Makers, Professionals
                                              System, specifically with respect to                                                                             NE., Washington, DC 20549–1090.
                                                                                                      and Broker-Dealers, should benefit from
                                              orders routed to NOM does not create                    the improved market liquidity.                           All submissions should refer to File
                                              undue burden on intra-market                               Further, the Exchange believes that                   Number SR–NASDAQ–2015–133. This
                                              competition because the Exchange                        paying the MARS payments to a NOM                        file number should be included on the
                                              would continue to uniformly apply its                   Participant, solely on executed Firm                     subject line if email is used. To help the
                                              MARS requirements to all NOM                            orders that add liquidity and not paying                 Commission process and review your
                                              Participants.                                           a subsidy for the removal of liquidity                   comments more efficiently, please use
                                                 Finally, the Exchange believes that                  does not create an undue burden on
                                              the 5,000 Eligible Contracts requirement                                                                         only one method. The Commission will
                                                                                                      intra-market competition because the                     post all comments on the Commission’s
                                              does not create an undue burden on                      Exchange desires to incentivize NOM
                                              intra-market competition because this                                                                            Internet Web site (http://www.sec.gov/
                                                                                                      participants to add liquidity to NOM.
                                              level will be uniformly applied to all                                                                           rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the
                                                                                                      Attracting liquidity on NOM benefits all
                                              qualifying NOM Participants.                                                                                     submission, all subsequent
                                                                                                      Participants who have an opportunity to
                                                                                                                                                               amendments, all written statements
                                              MARS Payment                                            interact with such liquidity. Also, all
                                                                                                      NOM Participants that qualify for a                      with respect to the proposed rule
                                                 The Exchange believes that paying the                                                                         change that are filed with the
                                                                                                      MARS Payment would only be paid on
                                              proposed MARS Payment to qualifying                                                                              Commission, and all written
                                                                                                      add liquidity.
                                              NOM Participants that have System                                                                                communications relating to the
                                              eligibility and have executed the                       C. Self-Regulatory Organization’s                        proposed rule change between the
                                              Eligible Contracts does not create an                   Statement on Comments on the                             Commission and any person, other than
                                              undue burden on intra-market                            Proposed Rule Change Received From                       those that may be withheld from the
                                              competition, even when a different                      Members, Participants, or Others                         public in accordance with the
                                              NOM Participant, other than the NOM                       No written comments were either                        provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be
                                              Participant receiving the subsidy, may                  solicited or received.                                   available for Web site viewing and
                                              be liable for transaction charges,
                                              because this sort of arrangement already                III. Date of Effectiveness of the                        printing in the Commission’s Public
                                              exists on the Exchange [sic] and would                  Proposed Rule Change and Timing for                      Reference Room, 100 F Street NE.,
                                              be uniformly applied to all qualifying                  Commission Action                                        Washington, DC 20549 on official
                                              NOM Participants.                                                                                                business days between the hours of
                                                                                                         The foregoing rule change has become
                                                 The Exchange believes that paying the                                                                         10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Copies of such
                                                                                                      effective pursuant to Section
                                              proposed $0.10 per contract MARS                                                                                 filing also will be available for
                                                                                                      19(b)(3)(A)(ii) of the Act.33
                                              Payment to qualifying NOM Participants                     At any time within 60 days of the                     inspection and copying at the principal
                                              that have System Eligibility and have                   filing of the proposed rule change, the                  office of the Exchange. All comments
                                              executed the Eligible Contracts in a                    Commission summarily may                                 received will be posted without change;
                                              month, solely on executed Firm orders                   temporarily suspend such rule change if                  the Commission does not edit personal
                                              that add liquidity, does not create an                  it appears to the Commission that such                   identifying information from
                                              undue burden on intra-market                            action is: (i) Necessary or appropriate in               submissions. You should submit only
                                              competition because the Exchange is                     the public interest; (ii) for the protection             information that you wish to make
                                              counting all Firm, Non-NOM Market                       of investors; or (iii) otherwise in                      available publicly. All submissions
                                              Maker, JBO, Broker-Dealer and                           furtherance of the purposes of the Act.                  should refer to File Number SR–
                                              Professional volume toward the Eligible                 If the Commission takes such action, the                 NASDAQ–2015–133, and should be
                                              Contracts. Customers and NOM Market                     Commission shall institute proceedings                   submitted on or before December 11,
                                              Makers are offered other pricing                        to determine whether the proposed rule                   2015.
                                              incentives such as rebates and lower                    should be approved or disapproved.
                                              fees. The increased order flow will bring                                                                          For the Commission, by the Division of
                                              increased liquidity to the Exchange for                 IV. Solicitation of Comments                             Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated
                                              the benefit of all Participants. To the                                                                          authority.34
                                                                                                        Interested persons are invited to
                                              extent the purpose of the proposed                      submit written data, views, and                          Robert W. Errett,
                                              MARS is achieved, all the Exchange’s                    arguments concerning the foregoing,                      Deputy Secretary.
                                              Participants, including Non-NOM                         including whether the proposed rule                      [FR Doc. 2015–29601 Filed 11–19–15; 8:45 am]
                                              Market Makers, Professionals and                        change is consistent with the Act.                       BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
                                              Broker-Dealers, should benefit from the                 Comments may be submitted by any of
                                              improved market liquidity.                              the following methods:
tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES




                                                 The Exchange believes that paying the
                                              MARS payments to a NOM Participant,                     Electronic Comments
                                              solely on electronically delivered and                    • Use the Commission’s Internet
                                              executed Firm orders that add liquidity,                comment form (http://www.sec.gov/
                                              and are submitted by the qualifying                     rules/sro.shtml); or
                                              NOM Participant, does not create an
                                              undue burden on intra-market                              33 15   U.S.C. 78s(b)(3)(A)(ii).                         34 17   CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).



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Document Created: 2015-12-14 13:58:16
Document Modified: 2015-12-14 13:58:16
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionNotices
FR Citation80 FR 72763 

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