81_FR_18701 81 FR 18639 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Draft Recovery Plan for the Gulf of Maine Distinct Population Segment of Atlantic Salmon

81 FR 18639 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Draft Recovery Plan for the Gulf of Maine Distinct Population Segment of Atlantic Salmon

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service

Federal Register Volume 81, Issue 62 (March 31, 2016)

Page Range18639-18642
FR Document2016-07227

We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), announce the availability of a draft recovery plan for the endangered Gulf of Maine Distinct Population Segment (DPS) of Atlantic salmon. This draft plan has been prepared jointly by the Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS). The draft recovery plan includes specific recovery objectives and a set of criteria that, when met, would allow us to consider reclassifying the DPS from endangered to threatened under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act), and, ultimately, to remove the GOM DPS of Atlantic salmon from the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife. We request review of and comment on this draft recovery plan from Federal, State, and local agencies; Tribes; nongovernmental organizations; and the public.

Federal Register, Volume 81 Issue 62 (Thursday, March 31, 2016)
[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 62 (Thursday, March 31, 2016)]
[Notices]
[Pages 18639-18642]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2016-07227]


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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Fish and Wildlife Service

[FWS-R5-ES-2015-N021; FXES11130500000-167-FF05E00000]


Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Draft Recovery 
Plan for the Gulf of Maine Distinct Population Segment of Atlantic 
Salmon

AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.

ACTION: Notice of availability and request for public comment.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), announce the 
availability of a draft recovery plan for the endangered Gulf of Maine 
Distinct Population Segment (DPS) of Atlantic salmon. This draft plan 
has been prepared jointly by the Service and the National Marine 
Fisheries Service (NMFS). The draft recovery plan includes specific 
recovery objectives and a set of criteria that, when met, would allow 
us to consider reclassifying the DPS from endangered to threatened 
under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act), and, 
ultimately, to remove the GOM DPS of Atlantic salmon from the Federal 
List of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife. We request review of and 
comment on this draft recovery plan from Federal, State, and local 
agencies; Tribes; nongovernmental organizations; and the public.

DATES: Submitting Comments: In order to be considered, comments on the 
draft recovery plan must be received by May 31, 2016.
    Public Information Meetings: Informational meetings in Maine have 
been scheduled for April 19, 2016, from 6:30 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. in 
Brewer, and for April 20, 2016, from 6:30 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. in 
Waterville (see ADDRESSES). Each meeting will include a presentation on 
the draft recovery proposals and a question and answer period with 
staff from the Service and NMFS.

ADDRESSES: Obtaining Documents: If you wish to review the draft 
recovery plan or have questions, you may contact Steve Shepard, via 
U.S. mail at U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Maine Field Office, 17 
Godfrey Drive, Suite 2, Orono, ME 04473; via telephone at 207-866-3344 
x1116; or via email at [email protected]; or Dan Kircheis, National 
Marine Fisheries Service, 17 Godfrey Drive, Orono, ME 04473; via 
telephone at 207-866-7320; or via email at [email protected]. You 
can also download a copy by visiting http://atlanticsalmonrestoration.org/resources/documents/atlantic-salmon-recovery-plan-2015.
    Submitting Comments: If you wish to comment, you may submit your 
comments by one of the following methods:
    1. You may mail written comments and materials to Steve Shepard, at 
the above address.
    2. You may hand-deliver written comments to Steve Shepard at the 
above address, or fax them to 207-866-3351.
    3. You may send comments by email to [email protected].
    4. You may submit handwritten comments at either of the two public 
information meetings announced in this notice.
    For additional information about submitting comments, see Request 
for Public Comments.
    Public Information Meetings: Meetings will be held in the following 
Maine locations: at Jeff's Catering, East/West Industrial Park, 15 
Littlefield Way in Brewer, and at the Best Western PLUS Motel, 375 Main 
Street, Exit 130 in Waterville. See DATES above for the date and time 
of each meeting.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Steve Shepard, U.S. Fish and Wildlife 
Service; or Dan Kircheis, National Marine Fisheries Service (see 
ADDRESSES).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 
(Service), announce the availability of a draft recovery plan for the 
endangered Gulf of Maine (GOM) Distinct Population Segment (DPS) of 
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). This draft plan has been prepared 
jointly by the Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) 
of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The draft 
recovery plan includes specific recovery objectives and a set of 
criteria that, when met, would allow us to consider reclassifying the 
DPS from endangered to threatened under the Endangered Species Act of 
1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.; Act), and, ultimately, to 
remove the GOM DPS of Atlantic salmon from the Federal List of 
Endangered and Threatened Wildlife. The plan also includes site-
specific management actions and time and cost estimates, as required by 
the Act. We request review of and comment on this draft recovery plan 
from Federal, State, and local agencies; Tribes; nongovernmental 
organizations; and the public.

Background

    The GOM DPS of Atlantic salmon was originally listed as an 
endangered species under the Act (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) on November 
17, 2000 (65 FR 69459), and a recovery plan for the DPS was approved on 
December 2, 2005. Based on a second status review, the DPS listing was 
revised on June 19, 2009 (74 FR 29344), to cover an expanded range that 
encompassed additional large river systems in Maine found to contain 
Atlantic salmon population genetically similar to those in the 
previously listed coastal river populations. Critical habitat for the 
GOM DPS was also designated at this time (June 19, 2009; 74 FR 29300).
    The expanded DPS includes all anadromous Atlantic salmon in a

[[Page 18640]]

freshwater range covering the watersheds from the Androscoggin River 
northward along the Maine coast to the Dennys River. The listing 
includes all associated conservation hatchery populations used to 
supplement these natural populations. The critical habitat rule divided 
the DPS range into three recovery units, termed Salmon Habitat Recovery 
Units, or SHRUs: (1) The Merrymeeting Bay SHRU, which covers the 
Androscoggin and Kennebec basins, and extends east to include the 
Sheepscot, Pemaquid, Medomak, and St. George watersheds; (2) the 
Penobscot Bay SHRU, which covers the entire Penobscot basin and extends 
west to and includes the Ducktrap watershed; and (3) the Downeast SHRU, 
including all coastal watersheds from the Union River east to the 
Dennys River.
    The 2009 listing rule recognized three primary threats to Atlantic 
salmon: Dams, inadequacy of regulatory mechanisms related to dams, and 
marine survival. In addition, numerous secondary threats were 
identified, including habitat quality and accessibility, commercial and 
recreational fisheries, disease and predation, inadequacy of regulatory 
mechanisms related to water withdrawal and water quality, aquaculture, 
artificial propagation, climate change, competition, and depleted 
diadromous fish communities. Collectively, these stressors were deemed 
a fourth major threat. Since listing, our understanding of threats to 
the DPS has continued to grow. New and emerging threats, all of which 
are considered to constitute significant impediments to recovery, 
include road stream crossings that impede fish passage, international 
intercept fisheries, and the effects of climate change.
    Restoring an endangered or threatened animal or plant to the point 
where it is again a secure, self-sustaining member of its ecosystem is 
a primary goal of our endangered species program. To help guide the 
recovery effort, we prepare recovery plans for most listed species.
    Under the Act, to the maximum extent practicable, recovery plans 
must describe site-specific actions considered necessary for 
conservation of the species, establish criteria for delisting the 
species, and provide time and cost estimates for taking the actions 
necessary to recover the species to the point where it can be delisted.
    The Act requires the development of recovery plans for listed 
species, unless such a plan would not promote the conservation of a 
particular species. Section 4(f) of the Act requires us to provide 
public notice and an opportunity for public review and comment during 
recovery plan development. We will consider all input provided during 
the public comment period prior to approval of each new or revised 
recovery plan. We and other Federal agencies will also take these 
comments into account in the course of implementing approved recovery 
plans.
    Recovery of the GOM DPS of Atlantic salmon has been designated a 
joint responsibility of the Service and NMFS, with lead responsibility 
for this recovery plan assigned to the Service. We note that this draft 
recovery plan for the GOM DPS of Atlantic salmon follows a new planning 
approach endorsed by the Service and, for this plan, by NMFS. The new 
approach, termed the Recovery Enhancement Vision (REV), focuses on the 
three recovery plan elements required by the Act: Site-specific 
management actions; objective, measurable criteria for delisting; and 
the estimated time and costs needed to achieve delisting and 
intermediate steps toward that goal. The recovery actions are presented 
at the scale of the SHRUs. These actions address both survival and 
recovery needs and are site-specific as required by section 
4(f)(1)(B)(i) of the Act, taking into account both the comprehensive 
nature and long timeframe needed to reach reclassification and 
delisting objectives.
    All relevant supporting information and analyses, as well as short-
term implementation strategies for the recovery actions in the plan, 
are posted on the Atlantic Salmon Restoration Web site, at http://atlanticsalmonrestoration.org/resources/documents/atlantic-salmon-recovery-plan-2015. The draft plan contains hyperlinks that allow 
readers to readily access additional supporting information, including 
SHRU-level workplans, which can be updated as needed. The SHRU-level 
workplans will step down from the actions in the recovery plan to 
address geographically based needs in the short term. DPS-wide or 
nonspatial actions (e.g., genetic research) will also be stepped down 
to short-term workplans. It is important to note that while these 
workplans will link back to the recovery plan, they are not considered 
part of the recovery plan itself.
    Although REV recovery plans focus on the Act's statutory 
requirements, any given plan may include additional information deemed 
necessary by the lead U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region. For the 
Atlantic salmon recovery plan, we have added background information 
that is highly relevant to the long-term recovery vision, as well as an 
implementation table that outlines responsibilities and costs for the 
actions described in the plan. The various components contained in the 
draft plan document are briefly described below.

Recovery Plan Components

    The draft recovery plan for GOM DPS of Atlantic salmon focuses on 
the following components: The recovery strategy, recovery objectives 
and criteria, recovery actions, and time and cost estimates. The long-
term recovery strategy for the endangered Atlantic salmon is based on 
two premises: First, that recovery must focus on rivers and estuaries 
located in the GOM DPS until we better understand threats in the marine 
environment, and second, that survival of Atlantic salmon in the GOM 
DPS will be dependent on conservation hatcheries throughout much of the 
recovery process. In addition, the scientific foundation for the 
recovery strategy includes conservation biology principles regarding 
population viability, our understanding of freshwater habitat 
viability, and our understanding of current and emerging extinction 
risks. Other components of the recovery strategy include adaptive 
management, phasing of recovery actions, a geographic framework based 
upon the three SHRUs, and a collaborative approach that focuses on full 
inclusion of partners in implementing recovery actions. Finally, as 
previously described, short-term recovery priorities stepping down from 
the recovery plan will be formulated in SHRU-level workplans; these are 
found on the Web site and are not part of the plan itself.
    The recovery objectives and criteria in the draft plan address 
biological recovery needs, threats identified at the time of listing, 
and newly emerging threats. The reclassification objectives are to 
maintain sustainable, naturally reared populations with access to 
sufficient suitable habitat in each SHRU, to ensure that management 
options for marine survival are better understood, and to reduce or 
eliminate those threats that either individually or in combination pose 
a risk of imminent extinction to the DPS. The delisting objectives are 
to maintain self-sustaining, wild populations with access to sufficient 
suitable habitat in each SHRU, to ensure that necessary management 
options for marine survival are in place, and to sufficiently reduce or 
eliminate all threats that either individually or in combination pose a 
risk of endangerment to the DPS.

[[Page 18641]]

    The biological criteria for meeting the reclassification objectives 
include:
     A total annual escapement of at least 1,500 naturally 
reared adults spawning in the wild, with at least 2 of the 3 SHRUs 
having at least 500 naturally reared adults. Annual escapement refers 
to salmon that return to the river and successfully reproduce on the 
spawning grounds in a given year. For the purposes of this plan, 
naturally reared adults are individuals originating from wild spawners 
and hatchery eggs, fry, and parr. Egg and fry stocked salmon are not 
given an external mark, so when they return as adults, it is not 
possible (except with genetic testing) to differentiate them from wild 
salmon;
     A population growth rate in each of at least two of the 
three SHRUs of greater than 1.0 in the 10-year period preceding 
reclassification, with adults originating from hatchery-stocked eggs, 
fry, and parr included in population growth rates; and
     Sufficient spawning and rearing habitat for the offspring 
of the 1,500 naturally reared adults distributed throughout designated 
Atlantic salmon critical habitat, with at least 7,500 accessible and 
suitable habitat units (HUs) in each of at least 2 of the 3 SHRUs, 
located according to the known and potential migratory patterns of 
returning salmon.
    The biological criteria for meeting the delisting objectives 
include:
     A self-sustaining annual escapement of at least 2,000 wild 
adults in each SHRU, for a DPS-wide total of at least 6,000 wild 
adults. For the purposes of this plan, wild salmon are individuals that 
have spent their entire life cycle in the wild and originate from 
parents that were also spawned and continuously lived in the wild;
     A population growth rate in each SHRU of greater than 1.0 
in the 10-year period preceding delisting and, at the time of 
delisting, demonstrable self-sustaining persistence; and
     Sufficient suitable spawning and rearing habitat for the 
offspring of the 6,000 wild adults distributed throughout the 
designated Atlantic salmon critical habitat, with at least 30,000 
accessible and suitable HUs in each SHRU, located according to the 
known migratory patterns of returning wild adult salmon.
    In addition to the biological recovery criteria, the draft plan 
identifies several criteria for abating both primary and secondary 
threats to the DPS. Overall, threats to the GOM DPS identified both at 
the time of listing and since then must be diminished prior to 
reclassification and, to a greater extent, prior to delisting. All 
primary threats must be individually abated according to stated 
criteria, although recognition of which threats are primary may change 
over time. For secondary threats, tradeoffs may be made in terms of 
which criteria are met, as long as the degree to which these threats 
are collectively reduced sufficiently diminishes the likelihood of 
extinction and, ultimately, endangerment. Adaptive management and 
collaborative partnerships will be essential for determining to what 
extent secondary threats must be resolved in association with abatement 
of primary threats.
    To meet the recovery criteria and achieve the recovery objectives 
for the GOM DPS of Atlantic salmon, this draft recovery plan focuses on 
the actions necessary to achieve long-term viability of DPS Atlantic 
salmon populations. We note that these actions address both short-term 
survival needs and long-term recovery needs. Geographically based 
actions will be further specified in SHRU work plans, while research 
and genetics management actions will be addressed in rangewide 
implementation strategies. The seven categories of recovery actions for 
the DPS include:
    1. Habitat Connectivity: Actions for enhancing connectivity between 
the ocean and freshwater habitats important for salmon recovery.
    2. Genetic Diversity: Actions for maintaining the genetic diversity 
of Atlantic salmon populations over time.
    3. Conservation Hatchery: Actions for increasing numbers of adult 
spawners through the conservation hatchery program.
    4. Freshwater Conservation: Actions for increasing numbers of adult 
spawners through the freshwater production of smolts.
    5. Marine and Estuary: Actions for increasing Atlantic salmon 
survival through increased understanding of these ecosystems and 
identification of spatial and temporal constraints to salmon marine 
productivity in order to identify management actions that are likely to 
increase marine survival rates.
    6. Federal/Tribal Coordination: Actions for consulting with all 
involved Tribes on a government-to-government basis.
    7. Outreach, Education, and Engagement: Actions for collaborating 
with partners and engaging interested parties in recovery efforts for 
the GOM DPS.
    The estimated time for fully implementing all recovery actions and 
achieving the goal of delisting the Gulf of Maine DPS of Atlantic 
salmon is, very roughly, 75 years from the present time. This time 
frame accounts for approximately 15 generations of salmon and assumes a 
full investment of resources into the recovery program for the DPS.
    Over the 75-year time frame, the total cost of recovery is 
projected to be approximately $350 million; again, this is an extremely 
speculative estimate, particularly given the uncertainties surrounding 
recovery of this DPS. The estimate assumes that costs of the various 
actions will accrue unevenly and that costs will diminish over time as 
projects are completed and best management practices are implemented. 
It is equally difficult to estimate a time and cost for 
reclassification because of uncertainties associated with the current 
significant threats to the species, especially marine survival, and 
impacts of climate change. A best-case scenario based on the current 
reclassification criteria is roughly 10 years. Under this scenario, the 
estimated cost for reclassification is estimated at $140,428,000.
    We emphasize that these time and cost estimates are highly subject 
to change and are not intended to serve any purpose other than 
addressing our obligation to provide the public with our best 
understanding of the general level of effort and expense that might be 
needed to meet the ultimate recovery goal of delisting. It is also 
important to note the costs involved in implementing recovery actions 
for the GOM DPS of Atlantic salmon will provide other vital ancillary 
benefits. These include but are not limited to conservation of other 
diadromous species in the Gulf of Maine, improved water quality and 
flow in salmon rivers, an enhanced understanding of sustainable 
management for numerous aquatic resources, and a reduction of stressors 
that affect not only Atlantic salmon but general environmental quality.

Request for Public Comments

    We request written comments on the draft recovery plan. We will 
consider all comments we receive by the date specified in DATES prior 
to final approval of the plan.

Public Availability of Comments

    Before including your address, phone number, email address, or 
other personal identifying information in your comments, you should be 
aware that your entire submission--including your personal identifying 
information--may be made publicly available at any time. Although you 
can request in your comment that we withhold your personal information 
from public examination, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to do 
so.

[[Page 18642]]

Authority

    The authority for this action is section 4(f) of the Endangered 
Species Act, 16 U.S.C. 1533 (f).

    Dated: March 14, 2016.
Kenneth D. Elowe,
Acting Regional Director, Northeast Region.
[FR Doc. 2016-07227 Filed 3-30-16; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 4333-15-P



                                                                               Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 62 / Thursday, March 31, 2016 / Notices                                            18639

                                                     Alternative B complies with all major                SUMMARY:    We, the U.S. Fish and                     information meetings announced in this
                                                  Federal laws that apply to this type of                 Wildlife Service (Service), announce the              notice.
                                                  Federal action. The final CCP/EIS was                   availability of a draft recovery plan for               For additional information about
                                                  developed to comply with NEPA. The                      the endangered Gulf of Maine Distinct                 submitting comments, see Request for
                                                  CCP/EIS was developed with sufficient                   Population Segment (DPS) of Atlantic                  Public Comments.
                                                  detail to account for the greatest                      salmon. This draft plan has been                        Public Information Meetings:
                                                  potential impacts that could result from                prepared jointly by the Service and the               Meetings will be held in the following
                                                  proposed actions identified under all                   National Marine Fisheries Service                     Maine locations: at Jeff’s Catering, East/
                                                  alternatives. However, additional NEPA                  (NMFS). The draft recovery plan                       West Industrial Park, 15 Littlefield Way
                                                  analysis will be necessary for certain                  includes specific recovery objectives                 in Brewer, and at the Best Western
                                                  types of actions, even once we adopt a                  and a set of criteria that, when met,                 PLUS Motel, 375 Main Street, Exit 130
                                                  final CCP. We identified some of the                    would allow us to consider reclassifying              in Waterville. See DATES above for the
                                                  actions we anticipate will require                      the DPS from endangered to threatened                 date and time of each meeting.
                                                  further NEPA analysis and public                        under the Endangered Species Act of                   FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
                                                  involvement in chapter 3 of the final                   1973, as amended (Act), and, ultimately,              Steve Shepard, U.S. Fish and Wildlife
                                                  CCP/EIS. Appendix M in the CCP                          to remove the GOM DPS of Atlantic                     Service; or Dan Kircheis, National
                                                  includes documentation of compliance                    salmon from the Federal List of                       Marine Fisheries Service (see
                                                  with the Coastal Zone Management Act                    Endangered and Threatened Wildlife.                   ADDRESSES).
                                                  (Public Law 92–583, as amended);                        We request review of and comment on
                                                                                                                                                                SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: We, the
                                                  Endangered Species Act (Public Law                      this draft recovery plan from Federal,
                                                                                                          State, and local agencies; Tribes;                    U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service),
                                                  93–205, as amended); and National                                                                             announce the availability of a draft
                                                  Historic Preservation Act (Public Law                   nongovernmental organizations; and the
                                                                                                          public.                                               recovery plan for the endangered Gulf of
                                                  89–665).                                                                                                      Maine (GOM) Distinct Population
                                                     In summary, we selected alternative B                DATES: Submitting Comments: In order
                                                                                                                                                                Segment (DPS) of Atlantic salmon
                                                  for implementation because it best                      to be considered, comments on the draft
                                                                                                                                                                (Salmo salar). This draft plan has been
                                                  meets the factors identified above when                 recovery plan must be received by May
                                                                                                                                                                prepared jointly by the Service and the
                                                  compared to alternatives A and C.                       31, 2016.
                                                                                                             Public Information Meetings:                       National Marine Fisheries Service
                                                  Alternative B provides the greatest                                                                           (NMFS) of the National Oceanic and
                                                  number of opportunities for Monomoy                     Informational meetings in Maine have
                                                                                                          been scheduled for April 19, 2016, from               Atmospheric Administration. The draft
                                                  NWR to contribute to the conservation                                                                         recovery plan includes specific recovery
                                                  of fish, wildlife, habitat, and wilderness              6:30 p.m. to 8:30 p.m. in Brewer, and for
                                                                                                          April 20, 2016, from 6:30 p.m. to 8:30                objectives and a set of criteria that,
                                                  resources at local, regional, and national                                                                    when met, would allow us to consider
                                                  levels. It will also increase our capacity              p.m. in Waterville (see ADDRESSES).
                                                                                                          Each meeting will include a                           reclassifying the DPS from endangered
                                                  to meet refuge purposes, contribute to                                                                        to threatened under the Endangered
                                                  the Refuge System mission, and                          presentation on the draft recovery
                                                                                                          proposals and a question and answer                   Species Act of 1973, as amended (16
                                                  enhance visitor use and enjoyment, and                                                                        U.S.C. 1531 et seq.; Act), and,
                                                  it will provide the means to better                     period with staff from the Service and
                                                                                                          NMFS.                                                 ultimately, to remove the GOM DPS of
                                                  respond to changing ecological                                                                                Atlantic salmon from the Federal List of
                                                  conditions within the surrounding                       ADDRESSES: Obtaining Documents: If
                                                                                                          you wish to review the draft recovery                 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife.
                                                  environment.                                                                                                  The plan also includes site-specific
                                                                                                          plan or have questions, you may contact
                                                  Public Availability of Documents                        Steve Shepard, via U.S. mail at U.S.                  management actions and time and cost
                                                                                                          Fish and Wildlife Service, Maine Field                estimates, as required by the Act. We
                                                    You can view or obtain the final CCP
                                                                                                          Office, 17 Godfrey Drive, Suite 2, Orono,             request review of and comment on this
                                                  and ROD as indicated under ADDRESSES.
                                                                                                          ME 04473; via telephone at 207–866–                   draft recovery plan from Federal, State,
                                                    Dated: March 23, 2016.                                                                                      and local agencies; Tribes;
                                                                                                          3344 x1116; or via email at steve_
                                                  Kenneth Elowe,                                                                                                nongovernmental organizations; and the
                                                                                                          shepard@fws.gov; or Dan Kircheis,
                                                  Acting Regional Director, Northeast Region,             National Marine Fisheries Service, 17                 public.
                                                  U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
                                                                                                          Godfrey Drive, Orono, ME 04473; via                   Background
                                                  [FR Doc. 2016–07158 Filed 3–30–16; 8:45 am]             telephone at 207–866–7320; or via email
                                                  BILLING CODE 4333–15–P                                  at dan.kircheis@noaa.gov. You can also                  The GOM DPS of Atlantic salmon was
                                                                                                          download a copy by visiting http://                   originally listed as an endangered
                                                                                                          atlanticsalmonrestoration.org/                        species under the Act (16 U.S.C. 1531 et
                                                  DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR                              resources/documents/atlantic-salmon-                  seq.) on November 17, 2000 (65 FR
                                                                                                          recovery-plan-2015.                                   69459), and a recovery plan for the DPS
                                                  Fish and Wildlife Service                                  Submitting Comments: If you wish to                was approved on December 2, 2005.
                                                                                                          comment, you may submit your                          Based on a second status review, the
                                                  [FWS–R5–ES–2015–N021;                                   comments by one of the following                      DPS listing was revised on June 19,
                                                  FXES11130500000–167–FF05E00000]                                                                               2009 (74 FR 29344), to cover an
                                                                                                          methods:
                                                                                                             1. You may mail written comments                   expanded range that encompassed
                                                  Endangered and Threatened Wildlife                                                                            additional large river systems in Maine
                                                  and Plants; Draft Recovery Plan for the                 and materials to Steve Shepard, at the
mstockstill on DSK4VPTVN1PROD with NOTICES




                                                                                                          above address.                                        found to contain Atlantic salmon
                                                  Gulf of Maine Distinct Population                                                                             population genetically similar to those
                                                                                                             2. You may hand-deliver written
                                                  Segment of Atlantic Salmon                                                                                    in the previously listed coastal river
                                                                                                          comments to Steve Shepard at the above
                                                  AGENCY:   Fish and Wildlife Service,                    address, or fax them to 207–866–3351.                 populations. Critical habitat for the
                                                  Interior.                                                  3. You may send comments by email                  GOM DPS was also designated at this
                                                  ACTION: Notice of availability and
                                                                                                          to steve_shepard@fws.gov.                             time (June 19, 2009; 74 FR 29300).
                                                                                                             4. You may submit handwritten                        The expanded DPS includes all
                                                  request for public comment.
                                                                                                          comments at either of the two public                  anadromous Atlantic salmon in a


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                                                  18640                        Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 62 / Thursday, March 31, 2016 / Notices

                                                  freshwater range covering the                           Section 4(f) of the Act requires us to                background information that is highly
                                                  watersheds from the Androscoggin                        provide public notice and an                          relevant to the long-term recovery
                                                  River northward along the Maine coast                   opportunity for public review and                     vision, as well as an implementation
                                                  to the Dennys River. The listing                        comment during recovery plan                          table that outlines responsibilities and
                                                  includes all associated conservation                    development. We will consider all input               costs for the actions described in the
                                                  hatchery populations used to                            provided during the public comment                    plan. The various components
                                                  supplement these natural populations.                   period prior to approval of each new or               contained in the draft plan document
                                                  The critical habitat rule divided the DPS               revised recovery plan. We and other                   are briefly described below.
                                                  range into three recovery units, termed                 Federal agencies will also take these
                                                                                                                                                                Recovery Plan Components
                                                  Salmon Habitat Recovery Units, or                       comments into account in the course of
                                                  SHRUs: (1) The Merrymeeting Bay                         implementing approved recovery plans.                    The draft recovery plan for GOM DPS
                                                  SHRU, which covers the Androscoggin                        Recovery of the GOM DPS of Atlantic                of Atlantic salmon focuses on the
                                                  and Kennebec basins, and extends east                   salmon has been designated a joint                    following components: The recovery
                                                  to include the Sheepscot, Pemaquid,                     responsibility of the Service and NMFS,               strategy, recovery objectives and
                                                  Medomak, and St. George watersheds;                     with lead responsibility for this                     criteria, recovery actions, and time and
                                                  (2) the Penobscot Bay SHRU, which                       recovery plan assigned to the Service.                cost estimates. The long-term recovery
                                                  covers the entire Penobscot basin and                   We note that this draft recovery plan for             strategy for the endangered Atlantic
                                                  extends west to and includes the                        the GOM DPS of Atlantic salmon                        salmon is based on two premises: First,
                                                  Ducktrap watershed; and (3) the                         follows a new planning approach                       that recovery must focus on rivers and
                                                  Downeast SHRU, including all coastal                    endorsed by the Service and, for this                 estuaries located in the GOM DPS until
                                                  watersheds from the Union River east to                 plan, by NMFS. The new approach,                      we better understand threats in the
                                                  the Dennys River.                                       termed the Recovery Enhancement                       marine environment, and second, that
                                                     The 2009 listing rule recognized three               Vision (REV), focuses on the three                    survival of Atlantic salmon in the GOM
                                                  primary threats to Atlantic salmon:                     recovery plan elements required by the                DPS will be dependent on conservation
                                                  Dams, inadequacy of regulatory                          Act: Site-specific management actions;                hatcheries throughout much of the
                                                  mechanisms related to dams, and                         objective, measurable criteria for                    recovery process. In addition, the
                                                  marine survival. In addition, numerous                  delisting; and the estimated time and                 scientific foundation for the recovery
                                                  secondary threats were identified,                      costs needed to achieve delisting and                 strategy includes conservation biology
                                                  including habitat quality and                           intermediate steps toward that goal. The              principles regarding population
                                                  accessibility, commercial and                           recovery actions are presented at the                 viability, our understanding of
                                                  recreational fisheries, disease and                     scale of the SHRUs. These actions                     freshwater habitat viability, and our
                                                  predation, inadequacy of regulatory                     address both survival and recovery                    understanding of current and emerging
                                                  mechanisms related to water                             needs and are site-specific as required               extinction risks. Other components of
                                                  withdrawal and water quality,                           by section 4(f)(1)(B)(i) of the Act, taking           the recovery strategy include adaptive
                                                  aquaculture, artificial propagation,                    into account both the comprehensive                   management, phasing of recovery
                                                  climate change, competition, and                        nature and long timeframe needed to                   actions, a geographic framework based
                                                  depleted diadromous fish communities.                   reach reclassification and delisting                  upon the three SHRUs, and a
                                                  Collectively, these stressors were                      objectives.                                           collaborative approach that focuses on
                                                  deemed a fourth major threat. Since                        All relevant supporting information                full inclusion of partners in
                                                  listing, our understanding of threats to                and analyses, as well as short-term                   implementing recovery actions. Finally,
                                                  the DPS has continued to grow. New                      implementation strategies for the                     as previously described, short-term
                                                  and emerging threats, all of which are                  recovery actions in the plan, are posted              recovery priorities stepping down from
                                                  considered to constitute significant                    on the Atlantic Salmon Restoration Web                the recovery plan will be formulated in
                                                  impediments to recovery, include road                   site, at http://                                      SHRU-level workplans; these are found
                                                  stream crossings that impede fish                       atlanticsalmonrestoration.org/                        on the Web site and are not part of the
                                                  passage, international intercept                        resources/documents/atlantic-salmon-                  plan itself.
                                                  fisheries, and the effects of climate                   recovery-plan-2015. The draft plan                       The recovery objectives and criteria in
                                                  change.                                                 contains hyperlinks that allow readers                the draft plan address biological
                                                     Restoring an endangered or                           to readily access additional supporting               recovery needs, threats identified at the
                                                  threatened animal or plant to the point                 information, including SHRU-level                     time of listing, and newly emerging
                                                  where it is again a secure, self-                       workplans, which can be updated as                    threats. The reclassification objectives
                                                  sustaining member of its ecosystem is a                 needed. The SHRU-level workplans will                 are to maintain sustainable, naturally
                                                  primary goal of our endangered species                  step down from the actions in the                     reared populations with access to
                                                  program. To help guide the recovery                     recovery plan to address geographically               sufficient suitable habitat in each SHRU,
                                                  effort, we prepare recovery plans for                   based needs in the short term. DPS-wide               to ensure that management options for
                                                  most listed species.                                    or nonspatial actions (e.g., genetic                  marine survival are better understood,
                                                     Under the Act, to the maximum                        research) will also be stepped down to                and to reduce or eliminate those threats
                                                  extent practicable, recovery plans must                 short-term workplans. It is important to              that either individually or in
                                                  describe site-specific actions considered               note that while these workplans will                  combination pose a risk of imminent
                                                  necessary for conservation of the                       link back to the recovery plan, they are              extinction to the DPS. The delisting
                                                  species, establish criteria for delisting               not considered part of the recovery plan              objectives are to maintain self-
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                                                  the species, and provide time and cost                  itself.                                               sustaining, wild populations with
                                                  estimates for taking the actions                           Although REV recovery plans focus                  access to sufficient suitable habitat in
                                                  necessary to recover the species to the                 on the Act’s statutory requirements, any              each SHRU, to ensure that necessary
                                                  point where it can be delisted.                         given plan may include additional                     management options for marine survival
                                                     The Act requires the development of                  information deemed necessary by the                   are in place, and to sufficiently reduce
                                                  recovery plans for listed species, unless               lead U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service                   or eliminate all threats that either
                                                  such a plan would not promote the                       Region. For the Atlantic salmon                       individually or in combination pose a
                                                  conservation of a particular species.                   recovery plan, we have added                          risk of endangerment to the DPS.


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                                                                               Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 62 / Thursday, March 31, 2016 / Notices                                             18641

                                                     The biological criteria for meeting the              prior to delisting. All primary threats               approximately 15 generations of salmon
                                                  reclassification objectives include:                    must be individually abated according                 and assumes a full investment of
                                                     • A total annual escapement of at                    to stated criteria, although recognition              resources into the recovery program for
                                                  least 1,500 naturally reared adults                     of which threats are primary may                      the DPS.
                                                  spawning in the wild, with at least 2 of                change over time. For secondary threats,                 Over the 75-year time frame, the total
                                                  the 3 SHRUs having at least 500                         tradeoffs may be made in terms of                     cost of recovery is projected to be
                                                  naturally reared adults. Annual                         which criteria are met, as long as the                approximately $350 million; again, this
                                                  escapement refers to salmon that return                 degree to which these threats are                     is an extremely speculative estimate,
                                                  to the river and successfully reproduce                 collectively reduced sufficiently                     particularly given the uncertainties
                                                  on the spawning grounds in a given                      diminishes the likelihood of extinction               surrounding recovery of this DPS. The
                                                  year. For the purposes of this plan,                    and, ultimately, endangerment.                        estimate assumes that costs of the
                                                  naturally reared adults are individuals                 Adaptive management and collaborative                 various actions will accrue unevenly
                                                  originating from wild spawners and                      partnerships will be essential for                    and that costs will diminish over time
                                                  hatchery eggs, fry, and parr. Egg and fry               determining to what extent secondary                  as projects are completed and best
                                                  stocked salmon are not given an                         threats must be resolved in association               management practices are implemented.
                                                  external mark, so when they return as                   with abatement of primary threats.                    It is equally difficult to estimate a time
                                                  adults, it is not possible (except with                    To meet the recovery criteria and                  and cost for reclassification because of
                                                  genetic testing) to differentiate them                  achieve the recovery objectives for the               uncertainties associated with the
                                                  from wild salmon;                                       GOM DPS of Atlantic salmon, this draft                current significant threats to the species,
                                                     • A population growth rate in each of                recovery plan focuses on the actions                  especially marine survival, and impacts
                                                  at least two of the three SHRUs of                      necessary to achieve long-term viability              of climate change. A best-case scenario
                                                  greater than 1.0 in the 10-year period                  of DPS Atlantic salmon populations. We                based on the current reclassification
                                                  preceding reclassification, with adults                 note that these actions address both                  criteria is roughly 10 years. Under this
                                                  originating from hatchery-stocked eggs,                 short-term survival needs and long-term               scenario, the estimated cost for
                                                  fry, and parr included in population                    recovery needs. Geographically based                  reclassification is estimated at
                                                  growth rates; and                                       actions will be further specified in                  $140,428,000.
                                                     • Sufficient spawning and rearing                    SHRU work plans, while research and                      We emphasize that these time and
                                                  habitat for the offspring of the 1,500                  genetics management actions will be                   cost estimates are highly subject to
                                                  naturally reared adults distributed                     addressed in rangewide implementation                 change and are not intended to serve
                                                  throughout designated Atlantic salmon                   strategies. The seven categories of                   any purpose other than addressing our
                                                  critical habitat, with at least 7,500                   recovery actions for the DPS include:                 obligation to provide the public with
                                                  accessible and suitable habitat units                      1. Habitat Connectivity: Actions for               our best understanding of the general
                                                  (HUs) in each of at least 2 of the 3                    enhancing connectivity between the                    level of effort and expense that might be
                                                  SHRUs, located according to the known                   ocean and freshwater habitats important               needed to meet the ultimate recovery
                                                  and potential migratory patterns of                     for salmon recovery.                                  goal of delisting. It is also important to
                                                  returning salmon.                                          2. Genetic Diversity: Actions for                  note the costs involved in implementing
                                                     The biological criteria for meeting the              maintaining the genetic diversity of                  recovery actions for the GOM DPS of
                                                  delisting objectives include:                           Atlantic salmon populations over time.                Atlantic salmon will provide other vital
                                                     • A self-sustaining annual                              3. Conservation Hatchery: Actions for              ancillary benefits. These include but are
                                                  escapement of at least 2,000 wild adults                increasing numbers of adult spawners                  not limited to conservation of other
                                                  in each SHRU, for a DPS-wide total of                   through the conservation hatchery                     diadromous species in the Gulf of
                                                  at least 6,000 wild adults. For the                     program.                                              Maine, improved water quality and flow
                                                  purposes of this plan, wild salmon are                     4. Freshwater Conservation: Actions                in salmon rivers, an enhanced
                                                  individuals that have spent their entire                for increasing numbers of adult                       understanding of sustainable
                                                  life cycle in the wild and originate from               spawners through the freshwater                       management for numerous aquatic
                                                  parents that were also spawned and                      production of smolts.                                 resources, and a reduction of stressors
                                                  continuously lived in the wild;                            5. Marine and Estuary: Actions for                 that affect not only Atlantic salmon but
                                                     • A population growth rate in each                   increasing Atlantic salmon survival                   general environmental quality.
                                                  SHRU of greater than 1.0 in the 10-year                 through increased understanding of
                                                  period preceding delisting and, at the                  these ecosystems and identification of                Request for Public Comments
                                                  time of delisting, demonstrable self-                   spatial and temporal constraints to                     We request written comments on the
                                                  sustaining persistence; and                             salmon marine productivity in order to                draft recovery plan. We will consider all
                                                     • Sufficient suitable spawning and                   identify management actions that are                  comments we receive by the date
                                                  rearing habitat for the offspring of the                likely to increase marine survival rates.             specified in DATES prior to final
                                                  6,000 wild adults distributed                              6. Federal/Tribal Coordination:                    approval of the plan.
                                                  throughout the designated Atlantic                      Actions for consulting with all involved
                                                  salmon critical habitat, with at least                                                                        Public Availability of Comments
                                                                                                          Tribes on a government-to-government
                                                  30,000 accessible and suitable HUs in                   basis.                                                  Before including your address, phone
                                                  each SHRU, located according to the                        7. Outreach, Education, and                        number, email address, or other
                                                  known migratory patterns of returning                   Engagement: Actions for collaborating                 personal identifying information in your
                                                  wild adult salmon.                                      with partners and engaging interested                 comments, you should be aware that
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                                                     In addition to the biological recovery               parties in recovery efforts for the GOM               your entire submission—including your
                                                  criteria, the draft plan identifies several             DPS.                                                  personal identifying information—may
                                                  criteria for abating both primary and                      The estimated time for fully                       be made publicly available at any time.
                                                  secondary threats to the DPS. Overall,                  implementing all recovery actions and                 Although you can request in your
                                                  threats to the GOM DPS identified both                  achieving the goal of delisting the Gulf              comment that we withhold your
                                                  at the time of listing and since then                   of Maine DPS of Atlantic salmon is, very              personal information from public
                                                  must be diminished prior to                             roughly, 75 years from the present time.              examination, we cannot guarantee that
                                                  reclassification and, to a greater extent,              This time frame accounts for                          we will be able to do so.


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                                                  18642                        Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 62 / Thursday, March 31, 2016 / Notices

                                                  Authority                                               I. Abstract                                           cannot guarantee that we will be able to
                                                    The authority for this action is section                 The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)                 do so.
                                                  4(f) of the Endangered Species Act, 16                  owns, operates, and maintains three                   III. Data
                                                  U.S.C. 1533 (f).                                        electric power utilities that provide a
                                                                                                                                                                   OMB Control Number: 1076–0021.
                                                    Dated: March 14, 2016.                                service to the end user. The BIA also                    Title: Electrical Service Application,
                                                  Kenneth D. Elowe,
                                                                                                          owns, operates, and maintains 15                      25 CFR 175.
                                                                                                          irrigation projects that provide a service               Brief Description of Collection: In
                                                  Acting Regional Director, Northeast Region.
                                                                                                          to the end user. To be able to properly               order for electric power consumers to be
                                                  [FR Doc. 2016–07227 Filed 3–30–16; 8:45 am]
                                                                                                          bill for the services provided, the BIA               served, information is needed by the
                                                  BILLING CODE 4333–15–P                                  must collect customer information to                  BIA to operate and maintain its electric
                                                                                                          identify the individual responsible for               power utilities and fulfill reporting
                                                                                                          repaying the government the costs of                  requirements.
                                                  DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR                              delivering the service, and billing for                  Section 175.6 and 175.22 of 25 CFR
                                                  Bureau of Indian Affairs                                those costs. Additional information                   part 175, Indian electric power utilities,
                                                                                                          necessary for providing the service is                specifies the information collection
                                                  [167 A2100DD/AAKC001030/A0A501010.                      the location of the service delivery. The             requirement. Power consumers must
                                                  999900]                                                 Debt Collection Improvement Act of                    apply for electric service. The
                                                                                                          1996 (DCIA) requires that certain                     information to be collected includes:
                                                  Renewal of Agency Information                           information be collected from                         Name; electric service location; and
                                                  Collection for Water Delivery and                       individuals and businesses doing                      other operational information identified
                                                  Electric Service Data for the Operation                 business with the government. This                    in the local administrative manuals. All
                                                  of Irrigation and Power Projects and                    information includes the taxpayer                     information is collected from each
                                                  Systems                                                 identification number for possible                    electric power consumer.
                                                                                                          future use to recover delinquent debt.                   Type of Review: Extension without
                                                  AGENCY:   Bureau of Indian Affairs,
                                                                                                          To implement the DCIA requirement to                  change of currently approved collection.
                                                  Interior.
                                                                                                          collect customer information, the BIA                    Respondents: BIA electric power
                                                  ACTION: Notice of submission to OMB.                    has included a section concerning the                 consumers—individuals.
                                                  SUMMARY:   In compliance with the                       collection of information in its                         Number of Respondents: 1,300 per
                                                  Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, the                    regulations governing its electrical                  year.
                                                  Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) has                      power utilities (25 CFR 175) and in its                  Frequency of Response: The
                                                  submitted to the Office of Management                   regulations governing its irrigation                  information is collected once, unless the
                                                  and Budget (OMB) a request for renewal                  projects (25 CFR 171).                                respondent requests new electrical
                                                  of the collection of information for                                                                          service elsewhere or if it has been
                                                                                                          II. Request for Comments
                                                  Electrical Service Application,                                                                               disconnected for failure to pay their
                                                                                                             The BIA requests your comments on                  electric bill.
                                                  authorized by OMB Control Number                        this collection concerning: (a) The
                                                  1076–0021 and Water Request,                                                                                     Obligation to Respond: Responses are
                                                                                                          necessity of this information collection              required to receive or maintain a
                                                  authorized by OMB Control Number                        for the proper performance of the
                                                  1076–0141. These information                                                                                  benefit.
                                                                                                          functions of the agency, including                       Estimated Time per Response: 1⁄2
                                                  collections expire March 31, 2016.                      whether the information will have                     hour.
                                                  DATES: Interested persons are invited to                practical utility; (b) The accuracy of the               Estimated Total Annual Hour Burden:
                                                  submit comments on or before May 2,                     agency’s estimate of the burden (hours                650 hours.
                                                  2016.                                                   and cost) of the collection of                           Estimated Total Annual Non-Hour
                                                  ADDRESSES:    You may submit comments                   information, including the validity of                Dollar Cost: $0.
                                                  on the information collections to the                   the methodology and assumptions used;                 *      *     *     *     *
                                                  Desk Officer for the Department of the                  (c) Ways we could enhance the quality,                   OMB Control Number: 1076–0141.
                                                  Interior at the Office of Management and                utility, and clarity of the information to               Title: Water Request, 25 CFR 171.
                                                  Budget, by facsimile to (202) 395–5806                  be collected; and (d) Ways we could                      Brief Description of Collection: In
                                                  or you may send an email to: OIRA_                      minimize the burden of the collection of              order for irrigators to receive water
                                                  Submission@omb.eop.gov. Please send a                   the information on the respondents.                   deliveries, information is needed by the
                                                  copy of your comments to David Fisher,                     Please note that an agency may not                 BIA to operate and maintain its
                                                  P.E., Branch Chief Irrigation and Power,                conduct or sponsor, and an individual                 irrigation projects and fulfill reporting
                                                  Office of Trust Services, Division of                   need not respond to, a collection of                  requirements. Section 171.140 and other
                                                  Water and Power, Denver West Office                     information unless it has a valid OMB                 sections cited in section 171.40 of 25
                                                  Park Building 54, 13922 Denver West                     Control Number.                                       CFR 171, [Irrigation] Operation and
                                                  Parkway, Suite 300, Lakewood,                              It is our policy to make all comments              Maintenance, specifies the information
                                                  Colorado 80401, email: david.fisher@                    available to the public for review at the             collection requirement. Water users
                                                  bia.gov.                                                location listed in the ADDRESSES section.             must apply for water delivery and for a
                                                                                                          Before including your address, phone                  number of other associated services,
                                                  FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
                                                                                                          number, email address or other personal               such as, subsidizing a farm unit,
                                                  David Fisher, 303–231–5225. You may
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                                                                                                          identifying information in your                       requesting leaching service, requesting
                                                  review the information collection                       comment, you should be aware that                     water for domestic or stock purposes,
                                                  requests online at http://                              your entire comment—including your                    building structures or fences in BIA
                                                  www.reginfo.gov. Follow the                             personal identifying information—may                  rights-of-way, requesting payment plans
                                                  instructions to review Department of the                be made publicly available at any time.               on bills, establishing a carriage
                                                  Interior collections under review by                    While you can ask us in your comment                  agreement with a third-party,
                                                  OMB.                                                    to withhold your personal identifying                 negotiating irrigation incentives leases,
                                                  SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:                              information from public review, we                    and requesting an assessment waiver.


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Document Created: 2016-03-31 00:55:07
Document Modified: 2016-03-31 00:55:07
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionNotices
ActionNotice of availability and request for public comment.
DatesSubmitting Comments: In order to be considered, comments on the draft recovery plan must be received by May 31, 2016.
ContactSteve Shepard, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; or Dan Kircheis, National Marine Fisheries Service (see
FR Citation81 FR 18639 

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