82_FR_12647 82 FR 12605 - Supplemental Evidence and Data Request on Effects of Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake on Chronic Disease Outcomes and Related Risk Factors

82 FR 12605 - Supplemental Evidence and Data Request on Effects of Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake on Chronic Disease Outcomes and Related Risk Factors

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality

Federal Register Volume 82, Issue 42 (March 6, 2017)

Page Range12605-12610
FR Document2017-04193

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is seeking scientific information submissions from the public. Scientific information is being solicited to inform our review of Effects of Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake on Chronic Disease Outcomes and Related Risk Factors, which is currently being conducted by the AHRQ's Evidence-based Practice Centers (EPC) Program. Access to published and unpublished pertinent scientific information will improve the quality of this review. AHRQ is conducting this systematic review pursuant to Section 902(a) of the Public Health Service Act, 42 U.S.C. 299a(a).

Federal Register, Volume 82 Issue 42 (Monday, March 6, 2017)
[Federal Register Volume 82, Number 42 (Monday, March 6, 2017)]
[Notices]
[Pages 12605-12610]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2017-04193]


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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality


Supplemental Evidence and Data Request on Effects of Dietary 
Sodium and Potassium Intake on Chronic Disease Outcomes and Related 
Risk Factors

AGENCY: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), HHS.

ACTION: Request for Supplemental Evidence and Data Submissions.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is 
seeking scientific information submissions from the public. Scientific 
information is being solicited to inform our review of Effects of 
Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake on Chronic Disease Outcomes and 
Related Risk Factors, which is currently being conducted by the AHRQ's 
Evidence-based Practice Centers (EPC) Program. Access to published and 
unpublished pertinent scientific information will improve the quality 
of this review. AHRQ is conducting this systematic review pursuant to 
Section 902(a) of the Public Health Service Act, 42 U.S.C. 299a(a).

DATES: Submission Deadline on or before April 5, 2017.

ADDRESSES: Email submissions: src.org">[email protected]src.org.
    Print submissions: Mailing Address: Portland VA Research 
Foundation, Scientific Resource Center, ATTN: Scientific Information 
Packet Coordinator, P.O. Box 69539, Portland, OR 97239.
    Shipping Address (FedEx, UPS, etc.): Portland VA Research 
Foundation, Scientific Resource Center, ATTN: Scientific Information 
Packet Coordinator, 3710 SW U.S. Veterans Hospital Road, Mail Code: R&D 
71, Portland, OR 97239.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ryan McKenna, Telephone: 503-220-8262 
ext. 51723 or Email: src.org">[email protected]src.org.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Agency for Healthcare Research and 
Quality has commissioned the Evidence-based Practice Centers (EPC) 
Program to complete a review of the evidence for Effects of Dietary 
Sodium and Potassium Intake on Chronic Disease Outcomes and Related 
Risk Factors.
    The EPC Program is dedicated to identifying as many studies as 
possible that are relevant to the questions for each of its reviews. In 
order to do so, we are supplementing the usual manual and electronic 
database searches of the literature by requesting information from the 
public (e.g., details of studies conducted). We are looking for studies 
that report on Effects of Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake on 
Chronic Disease Outcomes and Related Risk Factors, including those that 
describe adverse events. The entire research protocol, including the 
key questions, is also available online at: https://www.effectivehealthcare.AHRQ.gov/index.cfm/search-for-guides-reviews-and-reports/?pageaction=displayproduct&productid=2428.
    This is to notify the public that the EPC Program would find the 
following information on Effects of Dietary Sodium and Potassium Intake 
on Chronic Disease Outcomes and Related Risk Factors helpful:
    [ssquf] A list of completed studies that your organization has 
sponsored for this indication. In the list, please indicate whether 
results are available on ClinicalTrials.gov along with the 
ClinicalTrials.gov trial number.
    [ssquf] For completed studies that do not have results on 
ClinicalTrials.gov, please provide a summary, including the following 
elements: Study number; study period; design, methodology; indication 
and diagnosis; proper use instructions; inclusion and exclusion 
criteria; primary and secondary outcomes; baseline characteristics; 
number of patients screened, eligible, enrolled, lost to follow up, 
withdrawn, and analyzed; as well as effectiveness and efficacy, and 
safety results.
    [ssquf] A list of ongoing studies that your organization has 
sponsored for this

[[Page 12606]]

indication. In the list, please provide the ClinicalTrials.gov trial 
number or, if the trial is not registered, the protocol for the study 
including a study number, the study period, design, methodology, 
indication and diagnosis, proper use instructions, inclusion and 
exclusion criteria, and primary and secondary outcomes.
    [ssquf] Description of whether the above studies constitute ALL 
Phase II and above clinical trials sponsored by your organization for 
this indication and an index outlining the relevant information in each 
submitted file.
    Your contribution will be very beneficial to the EPC Program. The 
contents of all submissions will be made available to the public upon 
request. Materials submitted must be publicly available or able to be 
made public. Materials that are considered confidential; marketing 
materials; study types not included in the review; or information on 
indications not included in the review cannot be used by the EPC 
Program. This is a voluntary request for information, and all costs for 
complying with this request must be borne by the submitter.
    The draft of this review will be posted on AHRQ's EPC Program Web 
site and available for public comment for a period of 4 weeks. If you 
would like to be notified when the draft is posted, please sign up for 
the email list at: https://www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/index.cfm/join-the-email-list1/.
    The systematic review will answer the following questions. This 
information is provided as background. AHRQ is not requesting that the 
public provide answers to these questions.

The Key Questions

Sodium

    1. Among adults and children of all age groups (including both 
sexes and pregnant and lactating women), what is the effect (benefits 
and harms) of interventions to reduce dietary sodium intake on blood 
pressure at the time of the study and in later life?
    I. Do other minerals (e.g., potassium, calcium, magnesium) modify 
the effect of sodium?
    II. Among subpopulations defined by sex, race/ethnicity, age 
(children, adolescents, young adults, older adults, elderly), and for 
women (pregnancy and lactation).
    III. Among subpopulations defined by hypertension, diabetes, and 
obesity health status.
    2. Among adults and children, what is the association between 
dietary sodium intake and blood pressure?
    I. Among subpopulations defined by sex, race/ethnicity and age 
(children, adolescents, young adults, older adults, elderly).
    II. Among subpopulations defined by hypertension, diabetes, and 
obesity health status.
    3. Among adults, what is the effect (benefits and harms) of 
interventions to reduce dietary sodium intake on cardiovascular disease 
(CVD) and kidney disease morbidity and mortality and on total 
mortality?
    I. Do other minerals (e.g., potassium, calcium, magnesium) modify 
the effect of sodium?
    II. Among subpopulations defined by sex, race/ethnicity, age 
(adults, older adults, elderly), and for women (pregnancy and 
lactation).
    III. Among subpopulations defined by hypertension, diabetes, 
obesity and renal health status.
    4. Among adults, what is the association between dietary sodium 
intake and CVD, coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and kidney disease 
morbidity and mortality and between dietary sodium intake and total 
mortality?
    I. Do other minerals (e.g., potassium, calcium, magnesium) modify 
the association with sodium?
    II. Among subpopulations defined by sex, race/ethnicity, age 
(adults, older adults, elderly), and for women (pregnancy and 
lactation).
    III. Among subpopulations defined by hypertension, diabetes, 
obesity and renal health status.

Potassium

    5. Among children and adults, what is the effect of interventions 
to increase potassium intake on blood pressure and kidney stone 
formation?
    I. Do other minerals (e.g., sodium, calcium, magnesium) modify the 
effect of potassium?
    II. Among subpopulations defined by sex, race/ethnicity, age 
(children, adolescents, young adults, older adults, elderly), and for 
women (pregnancy and lactation).
    III. Among subpopulations defined by hypertension, diabetes, 
obesity and renal health status.
    6. Among children and adults, what is the association between 
potassium intake and blood pressure and kidney stone formation?
    I. Among subpopulations defined by sex, race/ethnicity, and age 
(children, adolescents, young adults, older adults, elderly).
    II. Among subpopulations defined by hypertension, diabetes, and 
obesity health status.
    7. Among adults, what is the effect of interventions aimed at 
increasing potassium intake on CVD, and kidney disease morbidity and 
mortality, and total mortality?
    I. Do other minerals modify the effect of potassium (e.g., sodium, 
calcium, magnesium)?
    II. Among subpopulations defined by sex, race/ethnicity, age (young 
adults, older adults, elderly), and for women (pregnancy and 
lactation).
    III. Among subpopulations defined by hypertension, diabetes, 
obesity and renal health status.
    8. Among adults, what is the association between dietary potassium 
intake and CVD, CHD, stroke and kidney disease morbidity and mortality 
and between dietary potassium and total mortality?
    I. Do other minerals (e.g., sodium, calcium, magnesium) modify the 
association with potassium?
    II. Among subpopulations defined by sex, race/ethnicity, age (young 
adults, older adults, elderly), and for women (pregnancy and 
lactation).
    III. Among subpopulations defined by hypertension, diabetes, and 
obesity health status.

PICOTS (Populations, Interventions, Comparators, Outcomes, Timing, 
Settings)

Key Question 1
I. Population
    A. Studies in human participants will be eligible for inclusion in 
the review, with the exception of studies exclusively reporting on 
patients with end stage renal disease, heart failure, HIV, or cancer.
II. Interventions
    A. Studies evaluating interventions to reduce dietary sodium intake 
that specify the oral consumption from food or supplements of 
quantified amounts of sodium and sodium chloride (salt) or sodium-to-
potassium ratio will be eligible, with the exception of trial arms in 
which participants demonstrate a weight change of +/- 3% or more. 
Interventions simultaneously addressing sodium and potassium intake 
that document sodium/potassium ratio are eligible; all other 
multicomponent interventions in which the effect of sodium reduction 
cannot be disaggregated from other intervention components will be 
excluded.
III. Comparators
    A. Studies comparing interventions to placebo or control diets will 
be eligible. Studies comparing an experimental diet to usual diet, 
studies comparing levels of sodium intake, or studies that alter 
sodium/potassium ratio in other ways

[[Page 12607]]

will be included if they control for other nutrient levels.
IV. Outcomes
    A. Studies reporting on blood pressure outcomes (e.g., systolic 
blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, rate of hypertensive/non-
hypertensive participants, incident hypertension, percent of 
participants at blood pressure goal, and change in blood pressure) will 
be eligible.
V. Timing
    A. Studies reporting on an intervention period of at least four 
weeks will be eligible.
VI. Setting
    A. Studies in outpatient settings will be eligible.
VII. Study Design
    A. Parallel RCTs and cross-over RCTs with a washout period of two 
weeks or more will be eligible.
Key Question 2
I. Population
    A. Studies in community-dwelling (non-institutionalized) human 
participants will be eligible for inclusion in the review with the 
exception of studies exclusively reporting on patients with pre-
existing conditions specific to the clinical outcome of interest, as 
well as studies exclusively reporting on patients with end stage renal 
disease, heart failure, HIV, or cancer.
II. Exposure
    A. Studies that measure the intake (oral consumption from food or 
supplements of quantified amounts of sodium and sodium chloride [salt] 
or sodium-to-potassium ratio) with validated measures or that use 
biomarker values to assess sodium level (at least one 24-hour urinary 
analysis with or without reported quality control measure, chemical 
analysis of diet with intervention/exposure adherence measure, 
composition of salt substitute with intervention/exposure adherence 
measure, and food diaries with reported validation [adherence check, 
electronic prompts]) will be eligible. Observational studies that 
report a weight change of +/- 3% or more (in any exposure group) among 
adults; multicomponent studies that do not properly control for 
confounders; and studies relying only on serum sodium levels, 
composition of salt substitute without intervention/exposure adherence 
measure, food diaries without reported validation, use of a published 
food frequency questionnaire, or partial or spot urine without reported 
prediction equation will be excluded.
III. Comparator
    A. Studies comparing groups with different documented sodium intake 
or biomarker values for sodium will be eligible. Studies where 
differences in sodium intake or values are confounded with alteration 
of other nutrient levels will be excluded.
IV. Outcomes
    A. Studies reporting on blood pressure outcomes (e.g., systolic 
blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, rate of hypertensive/non-
hypertensive participants, incident hypertension, percent of 
participants at blood pressure goal, change in blood pressure) will be 
eligible. Studies that do not report baseline blood pressure status 
will be excluded.
V. Timing
    A. Studies reporting on an intervention period of at least four 
weeks will be eligible.
VI. Setting
    A. Studies in community-dwelling participants will be eligible.
VII. Study Design
    A. Prospective cohort studies and nested case-control studies, 
where at least two groups are compared based on measured sodium intake 
or biomarker values will be eligible. Retrospective studies, case 
series, cross-sectional studies or surveys, and case reports will be 
excluded.
Key Question 3
I. Population
    A. Studies in human adults will be eligible for inclusion in the 
review. Studies exclusively reporting on patients with end stage renal 
disease, heart failure, HIV, or cancer will be excluded.
II. Intervention
    A. Studies evaluating interventions to reduce dietary sodium intake 
that specify the oral consumption from food or supplements of 
quantified amounts of sodium and sodium chloride (salt) or sodium-to-
potassium ratio will be eligible. Studies with trial arms in which 
participants demonstrate a weight change of +/- 3% or more will be 
excluded. Interventions simultaneously addressing sodium and potassium 
intake with documents sodium/potassium ratio are eligible. All other 
multicomponent interventions in which the effect of sodium reduction 
cannot be disaggregated from other intervention components will be 
excluded.
III. Comparators
    A. Studies comparing interventions to placebo or control diets will 
be eligible. Studies comparing an experimental diet to usual diet, 
studies comparing levels of sodium intake, or studies that alter 
sodium/potassium ratio in other ways will be included if they control 
for other nutrient levels.
IV. Outcomes
    A. Studies reporting on mortality (all-cause, CVD, CHD, or renal); 
cardiovascular disease morbidity, including acute coronary syndrome 
(unstable angina and myocardial infarction), stroke, myocardial 
infarction (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] and non-
ST elevation myocardial infarction [NSTEMI]), requiring coronary 
revascularization procedures (angioplasty, coronary stent placement, 
coronary artery bypass), other atherosclerotic revascularization 
procedures (carotid endarterectomy), left ventricular hypertrophy, 
hospitalization for heart failure, hospitalization for any cause of 
coronary heart disease or cardiovascular disease, or combined CVD 
morbidity and mortality; or reporting on renal function intermediary 
and clinical outcomes including creatinine clearance (CrCl), serum 
creatinine (SCr), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), end stage renal 
disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD), albuminuria or proteinuria 
(including urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, urine albumin dipstick 
level, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio, albumin excretion rate), 
kidney stone incidence, or acute kidney injury will be eligible.
V. Timing
    A. Only interventions of two years or longer will be included for 
kidney disease outcomes; only interventions of three months or longer 
will be included for cardiovascular disease outcomes; all other studies 
need to report on an intervention period of at least four weeks to be 
eligible.
VI. Setting
    A. Studies in outpatient settings will be eligible.
VII. Study Design
    A. Parallel RCTs and cross-over RCTs with a washout period of two 
weeks or more will be eligible.

[[Page 12608]]

Key Question 4
I. Population
    A. Studies in community-dwelling (non-institutionalized) adults 
will be eligible for inclusion in the review with the exception of 
studies exclusively reporting on patients with pre-existing conditions 
specific to the clinical outcomes of interest, as well as studies 
exclusively reporting on patients with end stage renal disease, heart 
failure, HIV, or cancer.
II. Exposure
    A. Studies that measure the intake (oral consumption from food or 
supplements of quantified amounts of sodium and sodium chloride [salt] 
or sodium-to-potassium ratio) with validated measures or use biomarker 
values to assess sodium level (at least one 24-hour urinary analysis 
with or without reported quality control measure, chemical analysis of 
diet with intervention/exposure adherence measure, composition of salt 
substitute with intervention/exposure adherence measure, and food 
diaries with reported validation [adherence check, electronic prompts]) 
will be eligible. Observational studies that report a weight change of 
+/- 3% or more (in any exposure group) among adults; multicomponent 
studies that do not properly control for confounders; and studies 
relying only on serum sodium levels, composition of salt substitute 
without intervention/exposure adherence measure, food diaries without 
reported validation, use of a published food frequency questionnaire, 
or partial or spot urine without reported prediction equation will be 
excluded.
III. Comparator
    A. Studies comparing groups with different documented sodium intake 
or biomarker values for sodium will be eligible. Studies where 
differences in sodium intake or values are confounded with alteration 
of other nutrient levels will be excluded.
IV. Outcomes
    A. Studies reporting on mortality (all-cause, CVD, CHD, or renal); 
cardiovascular mortality; cardiovascular disease morbidity, including 
coronary heart disease (CHD), acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina 
and myocardial infarction), stroke, myocardial infarction (ST-segment 
elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] and non-ST elevation myocardial 
infarction [NSTEMI]), requiring coronary revascularization procedures 
(angioplasty, coronary stent placement, coronary artery bypass), other 
atherosclerotic revascularization procedures (carotid endarterectomy), 
left ventricular hypertrophy, hospitalization for heart failure, or 
hospitalization for any cause of coronary heart disease or 
cardiovascular disease, or combined CVD morbidity and mortality; or 
reporting on renal function intermediary and clinical outcomes 
including creatinine clearance (CrCl), serum creatinine (SCr), 
glomerular filtration rate (GFR), end stage renal disease, chronic 
kidney disease (CKD), albuminuria/proteinuria (including, urine 
albumin-to-creatinine ratio, urine albumin dipstick level, urine 
protein-to-creatinine ratio, albumin excretion rate), acute kidney 
injury will be eligible. Studies that do not report baseline data for 
the outcomes of interest will be excluded.
V. Timing
    A. Studies reporting exclusively on kidney disease outcomes need to 
report follow up periods of at least two years, studies reporting 
exclusively on cardiovascular disease outcomes or stroke need to report 
on follow up periods of at least 12 months duration; studies reporting 
on other outcomes need to evaluate exposure lasting at least four weeks 
to be eligible.
VI. Setting
    A. Studies in community-dwelling participants will be eligible.
VII. Study Design
    A. Prospective cohort studies and nested case-control studies, 
where at least two groups are compared based on measured sodium intake 
or biomarker values will be eligible. Retrospective studies, case 
series, cross-sectional studies or surveys, and case reports will be 
excluded.
Key Question 5
I. Population
    A. Studies in human participants will be eligible for inclusion in 
the review; studies exclusively reporting on patients with end stage 
renal disease, heart failure, HIV, or cancer will be excluded.
II. Interventions
    A. Studies evaluating interventions to increase dietary potassium 
intake that specify the oral consumption from food or supplements of 
quantified amounts of potassium, potassium supplements, salt 
substitutes such as potassium chloride, or sodium-to-potassium ratio 
will be eligible, with the exception of trial arms in which 
participants demonstrate a weight change of +/- 3% or more among 
adults. Interventions simultaneously addressing sodium and potassium 
intake with documents sodium/potassium ratio are eligible; all other 
multicomponent interventions in which the effect of sodium reduction 
cannot be disaggregated from other intervention components will be 
excluded.
III. Comparators
    A. Studies comparing interventions to placebo or control diets will 
be eligible. Studies comparing an experimental diet to usual diet, 
studies comparing levels of potassium intake, or studies that alter 
sodium/potassium ratio in other ways will be included if they control 
for other nutrient levels.
IV. Outcomes
    A. Studies reporting on blood pressure outcomes (e.g., systolic 
blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, rate of hypertensive/non-
hypertensive participants, hypertension incidence, percent of 
participants at blood pressure goal, change in blood pressure) and 
incident kidney stones or kidney stone regrowth will be eligible.
V. Timing
    A. Studies reporting exclusively on kidney stone formation need to 
report on an intervention period of two years; all other studies need 
to report on an intervention period of at least four weeks to be 
eligible.
VI. Setting
    A. Studies in outpatient settings will be eligible.
VII. Study Design
    A. Parallel RCTs and cross-over RCTs with a washout period of two 
weeks or more will be eligible.
Key Question 6
I. Population
    A. Studies in community-dwelling (non-institutionalized) human 
participants will be eligible for inclusion in the review; studies 
reporting exclusively on patients with pre-existing conditions specific 
to the clinical outcomes of interest, as well as studies exclusively 
reporting on patients with end stage renal disease, heart failure, HIV, 
or cancer will be excluded.
II. Exposure
    A. Studies that measure intake (oral consumption from food or 
supplements of quantified amounts of potassium, potassium supplements, 
salt substitutes such as potassium chloride, or sodium-to-potassium 
ratio) with validated measures or use biomarkers values to assess 
potassium level (at least one 24-hour urinary analysis with or without

[[Page 12609]]

reported quality control measure, chemical analysis of diet with 
intervention/exposure adherence measure, composition of potassium 
supplement with intervention/exposure adherence measure, use of a 
published food frequency questionnaire, and food diaries) will be 
eligible. Observational studies that report a weight change of +/- 3% 
or more (in any exposure group) among adults; multicomponent studies 
that do not properly control for confounders; and studies measuring 
potassium intake by reporting chemical analysis of diet without 
intervention/exposure adherence measures, composition of potassium 
supplement without intervention/exposure measure, or serum potassium 
will be excluded.
III. Comparator
    A. Studies comparing groups with different documented potassium 
intake, serum potassium levels, or urinary potassium excretion will be 
eligible. Studies where differences in potassium intake or values are 
confounded with alteration of other nutrient levels will be excluded.
IV. Outcomes
    A. Studies reporting on blood pressure outcomes (e.g., systolic 
blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, rate of hypertensive/non-
hypertensive participants, hypertension incidence, percent of 
participants at blood pressure goal, change in blood pressure), and 
kidney stone incident or kidney stone regrowth will be eligible. 
Studies that do not report baseline blood pressure status and the 
presence or absence of kidney stones will be excluded.
V. Timing
    A. Studies exclusively reporting on kidney stone formation need to 
follow participants for at least five years; all other studies need to 
report on exposure of at least four weeks to be eligible.
VI. Setting
    A. Studies in community-dwelling participants will be eligible.
VII. Study Design
    A. Prospective cohort studies and nested case-control studies, 
where at least two groups are compared based on measured potassium 
intake or biomarker values will be eligible. Retrospective studies, 
case series, cross-sectional studies or surveys, and case reports will 
be excluded.
Key Question 7
I. Population
    A. Studies in adults will be eligible for inclusion in the review; 
studies reporting exclusively on patients with heart failure, end stage 
renal disease, HIV, or cancer will be excluded.
II. Interventions
    A. Studies evaluating interventions to increase dietary potassium 
intake that specify the oral consumption from food or supplements of 
quantified amounts of potassium, potassium supplements, salt 
substitutes such as potassium chloride, or sodium-to-potassium ratio 
will be eligible, with the exception of trial arms in which 
participants demonstrate a weight change of +/- 3% or more. 
Interventions simultaneously addressing sodium and potassium intake 
with documents sodium/potassium ratio are eligible; all other 
multicomponent interventions in which the effect of sodium reduction 
cannot be disaggregated from other intervention components will be 
excluded.
III. Comparators
    A. Studies comparing interventions to placebo or control diets will 
be eligible. Studies comparing an experimental diet to usual diet, 
studies comparing levels of potassium intake, or studies that alter 
sodium/potassium ratio in other ways will be included if they control 
for other nutrient levels.
IV. Outcomes
    A. Studies reporting on mortality (all-cause, CVD, CHD, or renal); 
cardiovascular disease morbidity, including acute coronary syndrome 
(unstable angina and myocardial infarction), stroke, myocardial 
infarction (ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI] and non-
ST elevation myocardial infarction [NSTEMI]), requiring coronary 
revascularization procedures (angioplasty, coronary stent placement, 
coronary artery bypass), other atherosclerotic revascularization 
procedures (carotid endarterectomy), left ventricular hypertrophy, 
hospitalization for heart failure, or hospitalization for any cause of 
coronary heart disease or cardiovascular disease, or combined CVD 
morbidity and mortality; or reporting on renal function intermediary 
and clinical outcomes including creatinine clearance (CrCl), serum 
creatinine (SCr), glomerular filtration rate (GFR), end stage renal 
disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD), albuminuria or proteinuria 
(including urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio, urine albumin dipstick 
level, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio, albumin excretion rate), 
kidney stone incidence, or acute kidney injury will be eligible.
V. Timing
    A. Studies reporting exclusively on kidney disease outcomes need to 
report on an intervention period of two years, studies reporting on 
cardiovascular disease or stroke need to report on an intervention 
period of three months; all other studies need to report on an 
intervention period of at least four weeks to be eligible.
VI. Setting
    A. Studies in outpatient settings will be eligible.
VII. Study Design
    A. Parallel RCTs and cross-over RCTs with a washout period of two 
weeks or more will be eligible.
Key Question 8
I. Population
    A. Studies in community-dwelling (non-institutionalized) adults 
will be eligible for inclusion in the review with the exception of 
studies exclusively reporting on patients with pre-existing conditions 
specific to the clinical outcomes of interest, as well as studies 
exclusively reporting on patients with end stage renal disease, heart 
failure, HIV, or cancer.
II. Exposure
    A. Studies that measure intake (oral consumption from food or 
supplements of quantified amounts of potassium, potassium supplements, 
salt substitutes such as potassium chloride, or sodium-to-potassium 
ratio) with validated measures or use biomarkers values to assess 
potassium level (at least one 24-hour urinary analysis with or without 
reported quality control measure, chemical analysis of diet with 
intervention/exposure adherence measure, composition of potassium 
supplement with intervention/exposure adherence measure, use of a 
published food frequency questionnaire, and food diaries) will be 
eligible. Observational studies that report a weight change of +/- 3% 
or more (in any exposure group) among adults; multicomponent studies 
that do not properly control for confounders; and studies measuring 
potassium intake by reporting chemical analysis of diet without 
intervention/exposure adherence measures, composition of potassium 
supplement without intervention/exposure measure, or serum potassium 
will be excluded.
III. Comparator
    A. Studies comparing groups with different documented potassium 
intake, serum potassium levels, or urinary potassium excretion will be 
eligible.

[[Page 12610]]

Studies where differences in potassium intake or values are confounded 
with alteration of other nutrient levels will be excluded.
IV. Outcomes
    A. Studies reporting on mortality (all-cause, CVD, CHD, or renal); 
cardiovascular disease morbidity, including coronary heart disease 
(CHD), acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina and myocardial 
infarction), stroke, myocardial infarction (ST-segment elevation 
myocardial infarction [STEMI] and non-ST elevation myocardial 
infarction [NSTEMI]), requiring coronary revascularization procedures 
(angioplasty, coronary stent placement, coronary artery bypass), other 
atherosclerotic revascularization procedures (carotid endarterectomy), 
left ventricular hypertrophy, hospitalization for heart failure, or 
hospitalization for any cause of coronary heart disease or 
cardiovascular disease, or combined CVD morbidity and mortality; or 
reporting on renal function intermediary and clinical outcomes 
including creatinine clearance (CrCl), serum creatinine (SCr), 
glomerular filtration rate (GFR), end stage renal disease, chronic 
kidney disease (CKD), albuminuria/proteinuria (including urine albumin-
to-creatinine ratio, urine albumin dipstick level, urine protein-to-
creatinine ratio, albumin excretion rate), kidney stone incidence, or 
acute kidney injury will be eligible. Studies that do not report 
baseline data on the outcomes of interest will be excluded.
V. Timing
    A. Studies reporting exclusively on kidney stone formation need to 
follow participants for at least five years, studies reporting 
exclusively on kidney disease need to follow participants for at least 
two years, studies reporting exclusively on cardiovascular disease or 
stroke need to follow patients for at least 12 months; all other 
studies need to report on an exposure period of at least four weeks to 
be eligible.
VI. Setting
    A. Studies in community-dwelling participants will be eligible.
VII. Study Design
    A. Prospective cohort studies and nested case-control studies, 
where at least two groups are compared based on measured potassium 
intake or biomarker values will be eligible. Retrospective studies, 
case series, cross-sectional studies or surveys, and case reports will 
be excluded.

Sharon B. Arnold,
Acting AHRQ Director.
[FR Doc. 2017-04193 Filed 3-3-17; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4160-90-P



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                                                    information. In addition, do not include                  The FTC Act and other laws that the                 Portland, OR 97239.
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                                                    financial information which is . . .                    collection of public comments to                      Ryan McKenna, Telephone: 503–220–
                                                    privileged or confidential’’ as provided                consider and use in this proceeding as                8262 ext. 51723 or Email: SEADS@epc-
                                                    in Section 6(f) of the FTC Act 15 U.S.C.                appropriate. The Commission will                      src.org.
                                                    46(f), and FTC Rule 4.10(a)(2), 16 CFR                  consider all timely and responsive                    SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The
                                                    4.10(a)(2). In particular, do not include               public comments that it receives on or                Agency for Healthcare Research and
                                                    competitively sensitive information                     before May 5, 2017. For information on                Quality has commissioned the
                                                    such as costs, sales statistics,                        the Commission’s privacy policy,                      Evidence-based Practice Centers (EPC)
                                                    inventories, formulas, patterns, devices,               including routine uses permitted by the               Program to complete a review of the
                                                    manufacturing processes, or customer                    Privacy Act, see http://www.ftc.gov/ftc/              evidence for Effects of Dietary Sodium
                                                    names.                                                  privacy.htm.                                          and Potassium Intake on Chronic
                                                       If you want the Commission to give                                                                         Disease Outcomes and Related Risk
                                                    your comment confidential treatment,                    David C. Shonka,
                                                                                                                                                                  Factors.
                                                    you must file it in paper form, with a                  Acting General Counsel.                                  The EPC Program is dedicated to
                                                    request for confidential treatment, and                 [FR Doc. 2017–04289 Filed 3–3–17; 8:45 am]            identifying as many studies as possible
                                                    you have to follow the procedure                        BILLING CODE 6750–01–P                                that are relevant to the questions for
                                                    explained in FTC Rule 4.9(c).16 Your                                                                          each of its reviews. In order to do so, we
                                                    comment will be kept confidential only                                                                        are supplementing the usual manual
                                                    if the FTC General Counsel grants your                  DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND                              and electronic database searches of the
                                                    request in accordance with the law and                  HUMAN SERVICES                                        literature by requesting information
                                                    the public interest. Once your comment                                                                        from the public (e.g., details of studies
                                                    is posted, as legally required by FTC                   Agency for Healthcare Research and                    conducted). We are looking for studies
                                                    Rule 4.9(b), we cannot redact or remove                 Quality                                               that report on Effects of Dietary Sodium
                                                    your comment from the FTC’s public                                                                            and Potassium Intake on Chronic
                                                    record, including the FTC’s Web site,                   Supplemental Evidence and Data                        Disease Outcomes and Related Risk
                                                    unless you submit a confidentiality                     Request on Effects of Dietary Sodium                  Factors, including those that describe
                                                    request that meets the requirements for                 and Potassium Intake on Chronic                       adverse events. The entire research
                                                    such treatment under FTC Rule 4.9(c),                   Disease Outcomes and Related Risk                     protocol, including the key questions, is
                                                    and the General Counsel grants that                     Factors                                               also available online at: https://
                                                    request in accordance with the law and                                                                        www.effectivehealthcare.AHRQ.gov/
                                                                                                            AGENCY:  Agency for Healthcare Research
                                                    the public interest, as explained above.                                                                      index.cfm/search-for-guides-reviews-
                                                       Postal mail addressed to the                         and Quality (AHRQ), HHS.
                                                                                                                                                                  and-reports/?pageaction=display
                                                    Commission is subject to delay due to                   ACTION: Request for Supplemental
                                                                                                                                                                  product&productid=2428.
                                                    heightened security screening. As a                     Evidence and Data Submissions.                           This is to notify the public that the
                                                    result, we encourage you to submit your                                                                       EPC Program would find the following
                                                                                                            SUMMARY:    The Agency for Healthcare
                                                    comments online. To make sure that the                                                                        information on Effects of Dietary
                                                                                                            Research and Quality (AHRQ) is seeking
                                                    Commission considers your online                                                                              Sodium and Potassium Intake on
                                                                                                            scientific information submissions from
                                                    comment, you must file it at https://                                                                         Chronic Disease Outcomes and Related
                                                                                                            the public. Scientific information is
                                                    ftcpublic.commentworks.com/ftc/                                                                               Risk Factors helpful:
                                                                                                            being solicited to inform our review of
                                                    funeralrulepra, by following the
                                                                                                            Effects of Dietary Sodium and                            D A list of completed studies that
                                                    instructions on the web-based form. If                                                                        your organization has sponsored for this
                                                                                                            Potassium Intake on Chronic Disease
                                                    this Notice appears at http://                                                                                indication. In the list, please indicate
                                                                                                            Outcomes and Related Risk Factors,
                                                    www.regulations.gov/#!home, you also                                                                          whether results are available on
                                                                                                            which is currently being conducted by
                                                    may file a comment through that Web                                                                           ClinicalTrials.gov along with the
                                                    site.                                                   the AHRQ’s Evidence-based Practice
                                                                                                            Centers (EPC) Program. Access to                      ClinicalTrials.gov trial number.
                                                       If you file your comment on paper,                                                                            D For completed studies that do not
                                                    write ‘‘Funeral Rule PRA Comment:                       published and unpublished pertinent
                                                                                                                                                                  have results on ClinicalTrials.gov,
                                                    FTC File No. P084401’’ on your                          scientific information will improve the
                                                                                                                                                                  please provide a summary, including
                                                    comment and on the envelope, and mail                   quality of this review. AHRQ is
                                                                                                                                                                  the following elements: Study number;
                                                    your comment to the following address:                  conducting this systematic review                     study period; design, methodology;
                                                    Federal Trade Commission, Office of the                 pursuant to Section 902(a) of the Public              indication and diagnosis; proper use
                                                    Secretary, 600 Pennsylvania Avenue                      Health Service Act, 42 U.S.C. 299a(a).
asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES




                                                                                                                                                                  instructions; inclusion and exclusion
                                                    NW., Suite CC–5610 (Annex J),                           DATES: Submission Deadline on or                      criteria; primary and secondary
                                                    Washington, DC 20580, or deliver your                   before April 5, 2017.                                 outcomes; baseline characteristics;
                                                                                                            ADDRESSES: Email submissions:                         number of patients screened, eligible,
                                                      16 In particular, the written request for             SEADS@epc-src.org.                                    enrolled, lost to follow up, withdrawn,
                                                    confidential treatment that accompanies the               Print submissions: Mailing Address:                 and analyzed; as well as effectiveness
                                                    comment must include the factual and legal basis
                                                    for the request, and must identify the specific
                                                                                                            Portland VA Research Foundation,                      and efficacy, and safety results.
                                                    portions of the comment to be withheld from the         Scientific Resource Center, ATTN:                        D A list of ongoing studies that your
                                                    public record. See FTC Rule 4.9(c), 16 CFR 4.9(c).      Scientific Information Packet                         organization has sponsored for this


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                                                    12606                          Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 42 / Monday, March 6, 2017 / Notices

                                                    indication. In the list, please provide the               I. Among subpopulations defined by                  potassium intake on CVD, and kidney
                                                    ClinicalTrials.gov trial number or, if the              sex, race/ethnicity and age (children,                disease morbidity and mortality, and
                                                    trial is not registered, the protocol for               adolescents, young adults, older adults,              total mortality?
                                                    the study including a study number, the                 elderly).                                               I. Do other minerals modify the effect
                                                    study period, design, methodology,                        II. Among subpopulations defined by                 of potassium (e.g., sodium, calcium,
                                                    indication and diagnosis, proper use                    hypertension, diabetes, and obesity                   magnesium)?
                                                    instructions, inclusion and exclusion                   health status.                                          II. Among subpopulations defined by
                                                    criteria, and primary and secondary                       3. Among adults, what is the effect                 sex, race/ethnicity, age (young adults,
                                                    outcomes.                                               (benefits and harms) of interventions to              older adults, elderly), and for women
                                                       D Description of whether the above                   reduce dietary sodium intake on                       (pregnancy and lactation).
                                                    studies constitute ALL Phase II and                     cardiovascular disease (CVD) and                        III. Among subpopulations defined by
                                                    above clinical trials sponsored by your                 kidney disease morbidity and mortality                hypertension, diabetes, obesity and
                                                    organization for this indication and an                 and on total mortality?                               renal health status.
                                                    index outlining the relevant information                  I. Do other minerals (e.g., potassium,                8. Among adults, what is the
                                                    in each submitted file.                                 calcium, magnesium) modify the effect                 association between dietary potassium
                                                       Your contribution will be very                       of sodium?                                            intake and CVD, CHD, stroke and
                                                    beneficial to the EPC Program. The                        II. Among subpopulations defined by                 kidney disease morbidity and mortality
                                                    contents of all submissions will be made                sex, race/ethnicity, age (adults, older               and between dietary potassium and total
                                                    available to the public upon request.                   adults, elderly), and for women                       mortality?
                                                    Materials submitted must be publicly                    (pregnancy and lactation).                              I. Do other minerals (e.g., sodium,
                                                                                                              III. Among subpopulations defined by                calcium, magnesium) modify the
                                                    available or able to be made public.
                                                                                                            hypertension, diabetes, obesity and                   association with potassium?
                                                    Materials that are considered
                                                                                                            renal health status.                                    II. Among subpopulations defined by
                                                    confidential; marketing materials; study                  4. Among adults, what is the
                                                    types not included in the review; or                                                                          sex, race/ethnicity, age (young adults,
                                                                                                            association between dietary sodium                    older adults, elderly), and for women
                                                    information on indications not included                 intake and CVD, coronary heart disease
                                                    in the review cannot be used by the EPC                                                                       (pregnancy and lactation).
                                                                                                            (CHD), stroke and kidney disease                        III. Among subpopulations defined by
                                                    Program. This is a voluntary request for                morbidity and mortality and between
                                                    information, and all costs for complying                                                                      hypertension, diabetes, and obesity
                                                                                                            dietary sodium intake and total                       health status.
                                                    with this request must be borne by the                  mortality?
                                                    submitter.                                                I. Do other minerals (e.g., potassium,              PICOTS (Populations, Interventions,
                                                       The draft of this review will be posted              calcium, magnesium) modify the                        Comparators, Outcomes, Timing,
                                                    on AHRQ’s EPC Program Web site and                      association with sodium?                              Settings)
                                                    available for public comment for a                        II. Among subpopulations defined by
                                                    period of 4 weeks. If you would like to                 sex, race/ethnicity, age (adults, older               Key Question 1
                                                    be notified when the draft is posted,                   adults, elderly), and for women                       I. Population
                                                    please sign up for the email list at:                   (pregnancy and lactation).
                                                    https://www.effective                                                                                           A. Studies in human participants will
                                                                                                              III. Among subpopulations defined by
                                                    healthcare.ahrq.gov/index.cfm/join-the-                                                                       be eligible for inclusion in the review,
                                                                                                            hypertension, diabetes, obesity and
                                                    email-list1/.                                                                                                 with the exception of studies
                                                                                                            renal health status.
                                                       The systematic review will answer the                                                                      exclusively reporting on patients with
                                                    following questions. This information is                Potassium                                             end stage renal disease, heart failure,
                                                    provided as background. AHRQ is not                       5. Among children and adults, what is               HIV, or cancer.
                                                    requesting that the public provide                      the effect of interventions to increase               II. Interventions
                                                    answers to these questions.                             potassium intake on blood pressure and
                                                                                                            kidney stone formation?                                  A. Studies evaluating interventions to
                                                    The Key Questions                                         I. Do other minerals (e.g., sodium,                 reduce dietary sodium intake that
                                                                                                            calcium, magnesium) modify the effect                 specify the oral consumption from food
                                                    Sodium                                                                                                        or supplements of quantified amounts of
                                                                                                            of potassium?
                                                      1. Among adults and children of all                     II. Among subpopulations defined by                 sodium and sodium chloride (salt) or
                                                    age groups (including both sexes and                    sex, race/ethnicity, age (children,                   sodium-to-potassium ratio will be
                                                    pregnant and lactating women), what is                  adolescents, young adults, older adults,              eligible, with the exception of trial arms
                                                    the effect (benefits and harms) of                      elderly), and for women (pregnancy and                in which participants demonstrate a
                                                    interventions to reduce dietary sodium                  lactation).                                           weight change of +/¥ 3% or more.
                                                    intake on blood pressure at the time of                   III. Among subpopulations defined by                Interventions simultaneously addressing
                                                    the study and in later life?                            hypertension, diabetes, obesity and                   sodium and potassium intake that
                                                      I. Do other minerals (e.g., potassium,                renal health status.                                  document sodium/potassium ratio are
                                                    calcium, magnesium) modify the effect                     6. Among children and adults, what is               eligible; all other multicomponent
                                                    of sodium?                                              the association between potassium                     interventions in which the effect of
                                                      II. Among subpopulations defined by                   intake and blood pressure and kidney                  sodium reduction cannot be
                                                    sex, race/ethnicity, age (children,                     stone formation?                                      disaggregated from other intervention
                                                    adolescents, young adults, older adults,
asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES




                                                                                                              I. Among subpopulations defined by                  components will be excluded.
                                                    elderly), and for women (pregnancy and                  sex, race/ethnicity, and age (children,
                                                    lactation).                                                                                                   III. Comparators
                                                                                                            adolescents, young adults, older adults,
                                                      III. Among subpopulations defined by                  elderly).                                               A. Studies comparing interventions to
                                                    hypertension, diabetes, and obesity                       II. Among subpopulations defined by                 placebo or control diets will be eligible.
                                                    health status.                                          hypertension, diabetes, and obesity                   Studies comparing an experimental diet
                                                      2. Among adults and children, what is                 health status.                                        to usual diet, studies comparing levels
                                                    the association between dietary sodium                    7. Among adults, what is the effect of              of sodium intake, or studies that alter
                                                    intake and blood pressure?                              interventions aimed at increasing                     sodium/potassium ratio in other ways


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                                                                                   Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 42 / Monday, March 6, 2017 / Notices                                             12607

                                                    will be included if they control for other              without reported prediction equation                  intervention components will be
                                                    nutrient levels.                                        will be excluded.                                     excluded.
                                                    IV. Outcomes                                            III. Comparator                                       III. Comparators
                                                      A. Studies reporting on blood                            A. Studies comparing groups with
                                                                                                                                                                    A. Studies comparing interventions to
                                                    pressure outcomes (e.g., systolic blood                 different documented sodium intake or
                                                                                                                                                                  placebo or control diets will be eligible.
                                                    pressure, diastolic blood pressure, rate                biomarker values for sodium will be
                                                    of hypertensive/non-hypertensive                                                                              Studies comparing an experimental diet
                                                                                                            eligible. Studies where differences in
                                                    participants, incident hypertension,                    sodium intake or values are confounded                to usual diet, studies comparing levels
                                                    percent of participants at blood pressure               with alteration of other nutrient levels              of sodium intake, or studies that alter
                                                    goal, and change in blood pressure) will                will be excluded.                                     sodium/potassium ratio in other ways
                                                    be eligible.                                                                                                  will be included if they control for other
                                                                                                            IV. Outcomes                                          nutrient levels.
                                                    V. Timing                                                  A. Studies reporting on blood                      IV. Outcomes
                                                      A. Studies reporting on an                            pressure outcomes (e.g., systolic blood
                                                    intervention period of at least four                    pressure, diastolic blood pressure, rate                 A. Studies reporting on mortality (all-
                                                    weeks will be eligible.                                 of hypertensive/non-hypertensive                      cause, CVD, CHD, or renal);
                                                    VI. Setting                                             participants, incident hypertension,                  cardiovascular disease morbidity,
                                                                                                            percent of participants at blood pressure             including acute coronary syndrome
                                                      A. Studies in outpatient settings will                goal, change in blood pressure) will be               (unstable angina and myocardial
                                                    be eligible.                                            eligible. Studies that do not report                  infarction), stroke, myocardial infarction
                                                    VII. Study Design                                       baseline blood pressure status will be                (ST-segment elevation myocardial
                                                                                                            excluded.                                             infarction [STEMI] and non-ST
                                                      A. Parallel RCTs and cross-over RCTs
                                                    with a washout period of two weeks or                   V. Timing                                             elevation myocardial infarction
                                                    more will be eligible.                                                                                        [NSTEMI]), requiring coronary
                                                                                                              A. Studies reporting on an
                                                                                                                                                                  revascularization procedures
                                                    Key Question 2                                          intervention period of at least four
                                                                                                                                                                  (angioplasty, coronary stent placement,
                                                                                                            weeks will be eligible.
                                                    I. Population                                                                                                 coronary artery bypass), other
                                                       A. Studies in community-dwelling                     VI. Setting                                           atherosclerotic revascularization
                                                    (non-institutionalized) human                             A. Studies in community-dwelling                    procedures (carotid endarterectomy),
                                                    participants will be eligible for                       participants will be eligible.                        left ventricular hypertrophy,
                                                    inclusion in the review with the                                                                              hospitalization for heart failure,
                                                                                                            VII. Study Design                                     hospitalization for any cause of
                                                    exception of studies exclusively
                                                    reporting on patients with pre-existing                   A. Prospective cohort studies and                   coronary heart disease or cardiovascular
                                                    conditions specific to the clinical                     nested case-control studies, where at                 disease, or combined CVD morbidity
                                                    outcome of interest, as well as studies                 least two groups are compared based on                and mortality; or reporting on renal
                                                    exclusively reporting on patients with                  measured sodium intake or biomarker                   function intermediary and clinical
                                                    end stage renal disease, heart failure,                 values will be eligible. Retrospective                outcomes including creatinine clearance
                                                    HIV, or cancer.                                         studies, case series, cross-sectional                 (CrCl), serum creatinine (SCr),
                                                                                                            studies or surveys, and case reports will             glomerular filtration rate (GFR), end
                                                    II. Exposure                                            be excluded.                                          stage renal disease, chronic kidney
                                                       A. Studies that measure the intake                                                                         disease (CKD), albuminuria or
                                                                                                            Key Question 3
                                                    (oral consumption from food or                                                                                proteinuria (including urine albumin-to-
                                                    supplements of quantified amounts of                    I. Population                                         creatinine ratio, urine albumin dipstick
                                                    sodium and sodium chloride [salt] or                       A. Studies in human adults will be                 level, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio,
                                                    sodium-to-potassium ratio) with                         eligible for inclusion in the review.                 albumin excretion rate), kidney stone
                                                    validated measures or that use                          Studies exclusively reporting on                      incidence, or acute kidney injury will be
                                                    biomarker values to assess sodium level                 patients with end stage renal disease,                eligible.
                                                    (at least one 24-hour urinary analysis                  heart failure, HIV, or cancer will be
                                                    with or without reported quality control                                                                      V. Timing
                                                                                                            excluded.
                                                    measure, chemical analysis of diet with                                                                         A. Only interventions of two years or
                                                    intervention/exposure adherence                         II. Intervention
                                                                                                                                                                  longer will be included for kidney
                                                    measure, composition of salt substitute                    A. Studies evaluating interventions to             disease outcomes; only interventions of
                                                    with intervention/exposure adherence                    reduce dietary sodium intake that                     three months or longer will be included
                                                    measure, and food diaries with reported                 specify the oral consumption from food                for cardiovascular disease outcomes; all
                                                    validation [adherence check, electronic                 or supplements of quantified amounts of               other studies need to report on an
                                                    prompts]) will be eligible. Observational               sodium and sodium chloride (salt) or                  intervention period of at least four
                                                    studies that report a weight change of                  sodium-to-potassium ratio will be                     weeks to be eligible.
                                                    +/¥ 3% or more (in any exposure                         eligible. Studies with trial arms in
                                                    group) among adults; multicomponent                     which participants demonstrate a                      VI. Setting
asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES




                                                    studies that do not properly control for                weight change of +/¥ 3% or more will
                                                    confounders; and studies relying only                   be excluded. Interventions                              A. Studies in outpatient settings will
                                                    on serum sodium levels, composition of                  simultaneously addressing sodium and                  be eligible.
                                                    salt substitute without intervention/                   potassium intake with documents                       VII. Study Design
                                                    exposure adherence measure, food                        sodium/potassium ratio are eligible. All
                                                    diaries without reported validation, use                other multicomponent interventions in                   A. Parallel RCTs and cross-over RCTs
                                                    of a published food frequency                           which the effect of sodium reduction                  with a washout period of two weeks or
                                                    questionnaire, or partial or spot urine                 cannot be disaggregated from other                    more will be eligible.


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                                                    12608                          Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 42 / Monday, March 6, 2017 / Notices

                                                    Key Question 4                                          atherosclerotic revascularization                     potassium intake with documents
                                                    I. Population                                           procedures (carotid endarterectomy),                  sodium/potassium ratio are eligible; all
                                                                                                            left ventricular hypertrophy,                         other multicomponent interventions in
                                                       A. Studies in community-dwelling                     hospitalization for heart failure, or                 which the effect of sodium reduction
                                                    (non-institutionalized) adults will be                  hospitalization for any cause of                      cannot be disaggregated from other
                                                    eligible for inclusion in the review with               coronary heart disease or cardiovascular              intervention components will be
                                                    the exception of studies exclusively                    disease, or combined CVD morbidity                    excluded.
                                                    reporting on patients with pre-existing                 and mortality; or reporting on renal
                                                    conditions specific to the clinical                     function intermediary and clinical                    III. Comparators
                                                    outcomes of interest, as well as studies                outcomes including creatinine clearance                  A. Studies comparing interventions to
                                                    exclusively reporting on patients with                  (CrCl), serum creatinine (SCr),                       placebo or control diets will be eligible.
                                                    end stage renal disease, heart failure,                 glomerular filtration rate (GFR), end                 Studies comparing an experimental diet
                                                    HIV, or cancer.                                         stage renal disease, chronic kidney                   to usual diet, studies comparing levels
                                                    II. Exposure                                            disease (CKD), albuminuria/proteinuria                of potassium intake, or studies that alter
                                                                                                            (including, urine albumin-to-creatinine               sodium/potassium ratio in other ways
                                                       A. Studies that measure the intake                   ratio, urine albumin dipstick level,                  will be included if they control for other
                                                    (oral consumption from food or                          urine protein-to-creatinine ratio,                    nutrient levels.
                                                    supplements of quantified amounts of                    albumin excretion rate), acute kidney
                                                    sodium and sodium chloride [salt] or                                                                          IV. Outcomes
                                                                                                            injury will be eligible. Studies that do
                                                    sodium-to-potassium ratio) with                         not report baseline data for the                        A. Studies reporting on blood
                                                    validated measures or use biomarker                     outcomes of interest will be excluded.                pressure outcomes (e.g., systolic blood
                                                    values to assess sodium level (at least                                                                       pressure, diastolic blood pressure, rate
                                                    one 24-hour urinary analysis with or                    V. Timing                                             of hypertensive/non-hypertensive
                                                    without reported quality control                           A. Studies reporting exclusively on                participants, hypertension incidence,
                                                    measure, chemical analysis of diet with                 kidney disease outcomes need to report                percent of participants at blood pressure
                                                    intervention/exposure adherence                         follow up periods of at least two years,              goal, change in blood pressure) and
                                                    measure, composition of salt substitute                 studies reporting exclusively on                      incident kidney stones or kidney stone
                                                    with intervention/exposure adherence                    cardiovascular disease outcomes or                    regrowth will be eligible.
                                                    measure, and food diaries with reported                 stroke need to report on follow up
                                                    validation [adherence check, electronic                                                                       V. Timing
                                                                                                            periods of at least 12 months duration;
                                                    prompts]) will be eligible. Observational               studies reporting on other outcomes                      A. Studies reporting exclusively on
                                                    studies that report a weight change of                  need to evaluate exposure lasting at                  kidney stone formation need to report
                                                    +/¥ 3% or more (in any exposure                         least four weeks to be eligible.                      on an intervention period of two years;
                                                    group) among adults; multicomponent                                                                           all other studies need to report on an
                                                    studies that do not properly control for                VI. Setting                                           intervention period of at least four
                                                    confounders; and studies relying only                     A. Studies in community-dwelling                    weeks to be eligible.
                                                    on serum sodium levels, composition of                  participants will be eligible.
                                                                                                                                                                  VI. Setting
                                                    salt substitute without intervention/                   VII. Study Design
                                                    exposure adherence measure, food                                                                                A. Studies in outpatient settings will
                                                    diaries without reported validation, use                  A. Prospective cohort studies and                   be eligible.
                                                    of a published food frequency                           nested case-control studies, where at
                                                                                                            least two groups are compared based on                VII. Study Design
                                                    questionnaire, or partial or spot urine
                                                    without reported prediction equation                    measured sodium intake or biomarker                     A. Parallel RCTs and cross-over RCTs
                                                    will be excluded.                                       values will be eligible. Retrospective                with a washout period of two weeks or
                                                                                                            studies, case series, cross-sectional                 more will be eligible.
                                                    III. Comparator                                         studies or surveys, and case reports will             Key Question 6
                                                       A. Studies comparing groups with                     be excluded.
                                                    different documented sodium intake or                                                                         I. Population
                                                                                                            Key Question 5
                                                    biomarker values for sodium will be                                                                              A. Studies in community-dwelling
                                                    eligible. Studies where differences in                  I. Population                                         (non-institutionalized) human
                                                    sodium intake or values are confounded                     A. Studies in human participants will              participants will be eligible for
                                                    with alteration of other nutrient levels                be eligible for inclusion in the review;              inclusion in the review; studies
                                                    will be excluded.                                       studies exclusively reporting on patients             reporting exclusively on patients with
                                                                                                            with end stage renal disease, heart                   pre-existing conditions specific to the
                                                    IV. Outcomes
                                                                                                            failure, HIV, or cancer will be excluded.             clinical outcomes of interest, as well as
                                                      A. Studies reporting on mortality (all-                                                                     studies exclusively reporting on patients
                                                    cause, CVD, CHD, or renal);                             II. Interventions
                                                                                                                                                                  with end stage renal disease, heart
                                                    cardiovascular mortality; cardiovascular                   A. Studies evaluating interventions to             failure, HIV, or cancer will be excluded.
                                                    disease morbidity, including coronary                   increase dietary potassium intake that
                                                    heart disease (CHD), acute coronary                     specify the oral consumption from food                II. Exposure
                                                    syndrome (unstable angina and                           or supplements of quantified amounts of                  A. Studies that measure intake (oral
asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES




                                                    myocardial infarction), stroke,                         potassium, potassium supplements, salt                consumption from food or supplements
                                                    myocardial infarction (ST-segment                       substitutes such as potassium chloride,               of quantified amounts of potassium,
                                                    elevation myocardial infarction [STEMI]                 or sodium-to-potassium ratio will be                  potassium supplements, salt substitutes
                                                    and non-ST elevation myocardial                         eligible, with the exception of trial arms            such as potassium chloride, or sodium-
                                                    infarction [NSTEMI]), requiring                         in which participants demonstrate a                   to-potassium ratio) with validated
                                                    coronary revascularization procedures                   weight change of +/¥ 3% or more                       measures or use biomarkers values to
                                                    (angioplasty, coronary stent placement,                 among adults. Interventions                           assess potassium level (at least one 24-
                                                    coronary artery bypass), other                          simultaneously addressing sodium and                  hour urinary analysis with or without


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                                                                                   Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 42 / Monday, March 6, 2017 / Notices                                             12609

                                                    reported quality control measure,                       reporting exclusively on patients with                V. Timing
                                                    chemical analysis of diet with                          heart failure, end stage renal disease,                 A. Studies reporting exclusively on
                                                    intervention/exposure adherence                         HIV, or cancer will be excluded.                      kidney disease outcomes need to report
                                                    measure, composition of potassium                                                                             on an intervention period of two years,
                                                                                                            II. Interventions
                                                    supplement with intervention/exposure                                                                         studies reporting on cardiovascular
                                                    adherence measure, use of a published                      A. Studies evaluating interventions to             disease or stroke need to report on an
                                                    food frequency questionnaire, and food                  increase dietary potassium intake that                intervention period of three months; all
                                                    diaries) will be eligible. Observational                specify the oral consumption from food                other studies need to report on an
                                                    studies that report a weight change of                  or supplements of quantified amounts of               intervention period of at least four
                                                    +/¥ 3% or more (in any exposure                         potassium, potassium supplements, salt                weeks to be eligible.
                                                    group) among adults; multicomponent                     substitutes such as potassium chloride,
                                                    studies that do not properly control for                or sodium-to-potassium ratio will be                  VI. Setting
                                                    confounders; and studies measuring                      eligible, with the exception of trial arms              A. Studies in outpatient settings will
                                                    potassium intake by reporting chemical                  in which participants demonstrate a                   be eligible.
                                                    analysis of diet without intervention/                  weight change of +/¥ 3% or more.
                                                    exposure adherence measures,                            Interventions simultaneously addressing               VII. Study Design
                                                    composition of potassium supplement                     sodium and potassium intake with                        A. Parallel RCTs and cross-over RCTs
                                                    without intervention/exposure measure,                  documents sodium/potassium ratio are                  with a washout period of two weeks or
                                                    or serum potassium will be excluded.                    eligible; all other multicomponent                    more will be eligible.
                                                    III. Comparator                                         interventions in which the effect of
                                                                                                            sodium reduction cannot be                            Key Question 8
                                                       A. Studies comparing groups with                     disaggregated from other intervention                 I. Population
                                                    different documented potassium intake,                  components will be excluded.
                                                    serum potassium levels, or urinary                                                                               A. Studies in community-dwelling
                                                    potassium excretion will be eligible.                   III. Comparators                                      (non-institutionalized) adults will be
                                                    Studies where differences in potassium                                                                        eligible for inclusion in the review with
                                                                                                              A. Studies comparing interventions to               the exception of studies exclusively
                                                    intake or values are confounded with                    placebo or control diets will be eligible.
                                                    alteration of other nutrient levels will be                                                                   reporting on patients with pre-existing
                                                                                                            Studies comparing an experimental diet                conditions specific to the clinical
                                                    excluded.                                               to usual diet, studies comparing levels               outcomes of interest, as well as studies
                                                    IV. Outcomes                                            of potassium intake, or studies that alter            exclusively reporting on patients with
                                                                                                            sodium/potassium ratio in other ways                  end stage renal disease, heart failure,
                                                      A. Studies reporting on blood
                                                                                                            will be included if they control for other            HIV, or cancer.
                                                    pressure outcomes (e.g., systolic blood
                                                                                                            nutrient levels.
                                                    pressure, diastolic blood pressure, rate                                                                      II. Exposure
                                                    of hypertensive/non-hypertensive                        IV. Outcomes
                                                    participants, hypertension incidence,                                                                           A. Studies that measure intake (oral
                                                    percent of participants at blood pressure                  A. Studies reporting on mortality (all-            consumption from food or supplements
                                                    goal, change in blood pressure), and                    cause, CVD, CHD, or renal);                           of quantified amounts of potassium,
                                                    kidney stone incident or kidney stone                   cardiovascular disease morbidity,                     potassium supplements, salt substitutes
                                                    regrowth will be eligible. Studies that                 including acute coronary syndrome                     such as potassium chloride, or sodium-
                                                    do not report baseline blood pressure                   (unstable angina and myocardial                       to-potassium ratio) with validated
                                                    status and the presence or absence of                   infarction), stroke, myocardial infarction            measures or use biomarkers values to
                                                    kidney stones will be excluded.                         (ST-segment elevation myocardial                      assess potassium level (at least one 24-
                                                                                                            infarction [STEMI] and non-ST                         hour urinary analysis with or without
                                                    V. Timing                                               elevation myocardial infarction                       reported quality control measure,
                                                      A. Studies exclusively reporting on                   [NSTEMI]), requiring coronary                         chemical analysis of diet with
                                                    kidney stone formation need to follow                   revascularization procedures                          intervention/exposure adherence
                                                    participants for at least five years; all               (angioplasty, coronary stent placement,               measure, composition of potassium
                                                    other studies need to report on exposure                coronary artery bypass), other                        supplement with intervention/exposure
                                                    of at least four weeks to be eligible.                  atherosclerotic revascularization                     adherence measure, use of a published
                                                                                                            procedures (carotid endarterectomy),                  food frequency questionnaire, and food
                                                    VI. Setting                                             left ventricular hypertrophy,                         diaries) will be eligible. Observational
                                                      A. Studies in community-dwelling                      hospitalization for heart failure, or                 studies that report a weight change of
                                                    participants will be eligible.                          hospitalization for any cause of                      +/¥ 3% or more (in any exposure
                                                                                                            coronary heart disease or cardiovascular              group) among adults; multicomponent
                                                    VII. Study Design
                                                                                                            disease, or combined CVD morbidity                    studies that do not properly control for
                                                      A. Prospective cohort studies and                     and mortality; or reporting on renal                  confounders; and studies measuring
                                                    nested case-control studies, where at                   function intermediary and clinical                    potassium intake by reporting chemical
                                                    least two groups are compared based on                  outcomes including creatinine clearance               analysis of diet without intervention/
                                                    measured potassium intake or                            (CrCl), serum creatinine (SCr),                       exposure adherence measures,
                                                    biomarker values will be eligible.                      glomerular filtration rate (GFR), end
asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES




                                                                                                                                                                  composition of potassium supplement
                                                    Retrospective studies, case series, cross-              stage renal disease, chronic kidney                   without intervention/exposure measure,
                                                    sectional studies or surveys, and case                  disease (CKD), albuminuria or                         or serum potassium will be excluded.
                                                    reports will be excluded.                               proteinuria (including urine albumin-to-
                                                                                                            creatinine ratio, urine albumin dipstick              III. Comparator
                                                    Key Question 7
                                                                                                            level, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio,               A. Studies comparing groups with
                                                    I. Population                                           albumin excretion rate), kidney stone                 different documented potassium intake,
                                                       A. Studies in adults will be eligible                incidence, or acute kidney injury will be             serum potassium levels, or urinary
                                                    for inclusion in the review; studies                    eligible.                                             potassium excretion will be eligible.


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                                                    12610                          Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 42 / Monday, March 6, 2017 / Notices

                                                    Studies where differences in potassium                  sectional studies or surveys, and case                Telephone: 202–795–7334. Fax: 202–
                                                    intake or values are confounded with                    reports will be excluded.                             795–7334. Email: Allison.Cruz@
                                                    alteration of other nutrient levels will be                                                                   acl.hhs.gov.
                                                                                                            Sharon B. Arnold,
                                                    excluded.                                                                                                     SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The
                                                                                                            Acting AHRQ Director.
                                                    IV. Outcomes                                            [FR Doc. 2017–04193 Filed 3–3–17; 8:45 am]
                                                                                                                                                                  PCPID acts in an advisory capacity to
                                                                                                                                                                  the President and the Secretary of
                                                                                                            BILLING CODE 4160–90–P
                                                       A. Studies reporting on mortality (all-                                                                    Health and Human Services on a broad
                                                    cause, CVD, CHD, or renal);                                                                                   range of topics relating to programs,
                                                    cardiovascular disease morbidity,                       DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND                              services and support for individuals
                                                    including coronary heart disease (CHD),                 HUMAN SERVICES                                        with intellectual disabilities. The PCPID
                                                    acute coronary syndrome (unstable                                                                             executive order stipulates that the
                                                    angina and myocardial infarction),                      Administration for Community Living                   Committee shall: (1) Provide such
                                                    stroke, myocardial infarction (ST-                                                                            advice concerning intellectual
                                                    segment elevation myocardial infarction                 Administration on Intellectual and                    disabilities as the President or the
                                                    [STEMI] and non-ST elevation                            Developmental Disabilities, President’s               Secretary of Health and Human Services
                                                    myocardial infarction [NSTEMI]),                        Committee for People With Intellectual                may request; and (2) provide advice to
                                                    requiring coronary revascularization                    Disabilities                                          the President concerning the following
                                                    procedures (angioplasty, coronary stent                                                                       for people with intellectual disabilities:
                                                                                                            AGENCY:  Administration for Community                 (A) Expansion of educational
                                                    placement, coronary artery bypass),                     Living, HHS.                                          opportunities; (B) promotion of
                                                    other atherosclerotic revascularization                 ACTION: Notice.                                       homeownership; (C) assurance of
                                                    procedures (carotid endarterectomy),
                                                                                                                                                                  workplace integration; (D) improvement
                                                    left ventricular hypertrophy,                           DATES:  Thursday, March 23, 2017 from                 of transportation options; (E) expansion
                                                    hospitalization for heart failure, or                   8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.; and Friday,                   of full access to community living; and
                                                    hospitalization for any cause of                        March 24, 2017 from 9:00 a.m. to 3:00                 (F) increasing access to assistive and
                                                    coronary heart disease or cardiovascular                p.m.                                                  universally designed technologies.
                                                    disease, or combined CVD morbidity                         These meetings will be open to the
                                                    and mortality; or reporting on renal                    general public.                                         Dated: February 27, 2017.
                                                    function intermediary and clinical                                                                            Bob Williams,
                                                                                                            ADDRESSES: These meetings will be held
                                                    outcomes including creatinine clearance                 in U.S. Department of Health and                      Acting Designated Federal Official, PCPID,
                                                    (CrCl), serum creatinine (SCr),                                                                               Administration on Disabilities (AoD).
                                                                                                            Human Services/Hubert H. Humphrey
                                                    glomerular filtration rate (GFR), end                                                                         [FR Doc. 2017–04165 Filed 3–3–17; 8:45 am]
                                                                                                            Building located at 200
                                                    stage renal disease, chronic kidney                     IndependenceAvenue SW., Conference                    BILLING CODE 4154–01–P

                                                    disease (CKD), albuminuria/proteinuria                  Room 705A, Washington, DC 20201.
                                                    (including urine albumin-to-creatinine                  Individuals who would like to
                                                                                                                                                                  DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
                                                    ratio, urine albumin dipstick level,                    participate via conference call may do
                                                                                                                                                                  HUMAN SERVICES
                                                    urine protein-to-creatinine ratio,                      so by dialing toll-free #: 1–800–779–
                                                    albumin excretion rate), kidney stone                   4694, when prompted enter pass code:                  Administration for Community Living
                                                    incidence, or acute kidney injury will be               4511687. Individuals whose full
                                                    eligible. Studies that do not report                    participation in the meeting will require             Agency Information Collection
                                                    baseline data on the outcomes of                        special accommodations (e.g., sign                    Activities; Proposed Collection; Public
                                                    interest will be excluded.                              language interpreting services, assistive             Comment Request; Extension of a
                                                                                                            listening devices, materials in                       Currently Approved Information
                                                    V. Timing                                               alternative format such as large print or             Collection (ICR–REV); Centers for
                                                       A. Studies reporting exclusively on                  Braille) should notify Ms. Allison Cruz,              Independent Living Annual
                                                                                                            Director, Office of Innovation, via email             Performance Report (CILPPR);
                                                    kidney stone formation need to follow
                                                                                                            at Allison.Cruz@acl.hhs.gov, or via                   Correction
                                                    participants for at least five years,
                                                                                                            telephone at 202–795–7334, no later
                                                    studies reporting exclusively on kidney                                                                       AGENCY: Independent Living
                                                                                                            than Monday, March 6, 2017. The
                                                    disease need to follow participants for at                                                                    Administration, Administration for
                                                                                                            PCPID will attempt to accommodate
                                                    least two years, studies reporting                                                                            Community Living, HHS.
                                                                                                            requests made after this date, but cannot
                                                    exclusively on cardiovascular disease or                guarantee the ability to grant requests               ACTION: Notice of correction.
                                                    stroke need to follow patients for at least             received after the deadline. All meeting
                                                    12 months; all other studies need to                                                                          SUMMARY:   The Administration for
                                                                                                            sites are barrier free, consistent with the           Community Living published a
                                                    report on an exposure period of at least                Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
                                                    four weeks to be eligible.                                                                                    proposed collection of information
                                                                                                            and the Federal Advisory Committee                    document in the Federal Register on
                                                    VI. Setting                                             Act (FACA).                                           February 23, 2017. (82 FR 11471 and
                                                                                                            AGENDA: The Committee Members will                    11472) The document contained an
                                                      A. Studies in community-dwelling                      discuss preparation of the PCPID 2017                 incorrect date and email address. In
                                                    participants will be eligible.                          Report to the President, including its                addition under the heading ‘‘New
asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES




                                                    VII. Study Design                                       content and format, and related data                  Requirements’’, the first paragraph was
                                                                                                            collection and analysis required to                   revised.
                                                      A. Prospective cohort studies and                     complete the writing of the Report.                   FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
                                                    nested case-control studies, where at                   ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: For further                   Corinna Styles, 202–795–7446.
                                                    least two groups are compared based on                  information, please contact Ms. Allison                  Corrections:
                                                    measured potassium intake or                            Cruz, Director, Office of Innovation, 330                Under the DATES section, page 11471,
                                                    biomarker values will be eligible.                      C Street SW., Switzer Building, Room                  column two, correct the notice to read:
                                                    Retrospective studies, case series, cross-              1114, Washington, DC 20201.                           ‘‘Submit written or electronic comments


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Document Created: 2017-03-04 00:07:07
Document Modified: 2017-03-04 00:07:07
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionNotices
ActionRequest for Supplemental Evidence and Data Submissions.
DatesSubmission Deadline on or before April 5, 2017.
ContactRyan McKenna, Telephone: 503-220-8262 ext. 51723 or Email: [email protected]
FR Citation82 FR 12605 

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