82 FR 14126 - Special Conditions: Bombardier Inc., Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 Series Airplanes, Electronic Flight Control System: Lateral-Directional and Longitudinal Stability, and Low-Energy Awareness
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration Federal Register Volume 82, Issue 51 (March 17, 2017)
Federal Aviation Administration
Federal Register Volume 82, Issue 51 (March 17, 2017)
| Page Range | 14126-14128 | |
| FR Document | 2017-05327 |
[Federal Register Volume 82, Number 51 (Friday, March 17, 2017)] [Rules and Regulations] [Pages 14126-14128] From the Federal Register Online [www.thefederalregister.org] [FR Doc No: 2017-05327] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Aviation Administration 14 CFR Part 25 [Docket No. FAA-2016-9296; Special Conditions No. 25-647-SC] Special Conditions: Bombardier Inc., Model BD-700-2A12 and BD- 700-2A13 Series Airplanes, Electronic Flight Control System: Lateral- Directional and Longitudinal Stability, and Low-Energy Awareness AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final special conditions; request for comments. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY: These special conditions are issued for the Bombardier Inc. (Bombardier) Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 series airplanes. These airplanes will have a novel or unusual design feature when compared to the state of technology envisioned in the airworthiness standards for transport-category airplanes. This design feature is lateral- directional and longitudinal stability, and low-energy awareness, provided through an electronic flight-control system (EFCS). The applicable airworthiness regulations do not contain adequate or appropriate safety standards for this design feature. These special conditions contain the additional safety standards that the Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of safety equivalent to that established by the existing airworthiness standards. DATES: This action is effective on Bombardier on March 17, 2017. We must receive your comments by May 1, 2017. ADDRESSES: Send comments identified by docket number FAA-2016-9296 using any of the following methods:Federal eRegulations Portal: Go to http://www.regulations.gov/ and follow the online instructions for sending your comments electronically. Mail: Send comments to Docket Operations, M-30, U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT), 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Room W12-140, West Building Ground Floor, Washington, DC 20590-0001. Hand Delivery or Courier: Take comments to Docket Operations in Room W12-140 of the West Building Ground Floor at 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. Fax: Fax comments to Docket Operations at 202-493-2251. Privacy: The FAA will post all comments it receives, without change, [[Page 14127]] to http://www.regulations.gov/, including any personal information the commenter provides. Using the search function of the docket Web site, anyone can find and read the electronic form of all comments received into any FAA docket, including the name of the individual sending the comment (or signing the comment for an association, business, labor union, etc.). DOT's complete Privacy Act Statement can be found in the Federal Register published on April 11, 2000 (65 FR 19477-19478), as well as at http://DocketsInfo.dot.gov/. Docket: Background documents or comments received may be read at http://www.regulations.gov/ at any time. Follow the online instructions for accessing the docket or go to Docket Operations in Room W12-140 of the West Building Ground Floor at 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Joe Jacobsen, FAA, Airplane and Flightcrew Interface, ANM-111, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, Washington 98057- 3356; telephone 425-227-2011; facsimile 425-227-1320. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The FAA has determined that notice of, and opportunity for prior public comment on, these special conditions is impracticable because these procedures would significantly delay issuance of the design approval and thus delivery of the affected airplanes. In addition, the substance of these special conditions has been subject to the public comment process in several prior instances with no substantive comments received. The FAA therefore finds that good cause exists for making these special conditions effective upon publication in the Federal Register. Comments Invited We invite interested people to take part in this rulemaking by sending written comments, data, or views. The most helpful comments reference a specific portion of the special conditions, explain the reason for any recommended change, and include supporting data. We will consider all comments we receive by the closing date for comments. We may change these special conditions based on the comments we receive. Background On May 30, 2012, Bombardier applied for an amendment to Type Certificate No. T00003NY to include the new Model BD-700-2A12 and BD- 700-2A13 series airplanes. The Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 series airplanes, which are derivatives of the BD-700 currently approved under Type Certificate No. T00003NY, are ultra-long-range, executive-interior business jets, with a passenger capacity of 19. Type Certification Basis Under the provisions of Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) 21.101, Bombardier must show that the Model BD-700-2A12 and BD- 700-2A13 series airplanes meet the applicable provisions of the regulations listed in Type Certificate No. T00003NY, or the applicable regulations in effect on the date of application for the change, except for earlier amendments as agreed upon by the FAA. If the Administrator finds that the applicable airworthiness regulations (i.e., 14 CFR part 25) do not contain adequate or appropriate safety standards for the Bombardier Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 series airplanes because of a novel or unusual design feature, special conditions are prescribed under the provisions of Sec. 21.16. Special conditions are initially applicable to the model for which they are issued. Should the type certificate for that model be amended later to include any other model that incorporates the same novel or unusual design feature, or should any other model already included on the same type certificate be modified to incorporate the same novel or unusual design feature, these special conditions would also apply to the other model under Sec. 21.101. In addition to the applicable airworthiness regulations and special conditions, the Bombardier Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 series airplanes must comply with the fuel-vent and exhaust-emission requirements of 14 CFR part 34 and the noise-certification requirements of 14 CFR part 36. The FAA issues special conditions, as defined in 14 CFR 11.19, in accordance with Sec. 11.38, and they become part of the type certification basis under Sec. 21.101. Novel or Unusual Design Features The Bombardier Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 series airplanes will incorporate the following novel or unusual design feature: Lateral-directional and longitudinal stability, and low-energy awareness, through an electronic flight-control system. Discussion The EFCS on the Bombardier Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 series airplanes contain fly-by-wire control laws that can impact static stability; therefore, the conventional requirements in the regulations are not always met. Positive static-directional stability is defined as the tendency to recover from a skid with the rudder free. Positive static-lateral stability is defined as the tendency to raise the low wing in a sideslip with the aileron controls free. These control criteria are intended to accomplish the following: Provide additional cues of inadvertent sideslips and skids through control-force changes. Ensure that short periods of unattended operation do not result in any significant changes in yaw or bank angle. Provide predictable roll and yaw response. Provide an acceptable level of pilot attention (workload) to attain and maintain a coordinated turn. Static longitudinal stability on airplanes with mechanical links to the pitch-control surface means that a pull force on the controller results in a reduction in speed relative to the trim speed, and a push force on the controller results in higher than trim speed. Longitudinal stability is required by the regulations for the following reasons: Speed change cues are provided to the pilot through increased and decreased forces on the controller. Short periods of unattended control of the airplane do not result in significant changes in attitude, airspeed, or load factor. A predictable pitch response is provided to the pilot. An acceptable level of pilot attention (workload) to attain and maintain trim speed and altitude is provided to the pilot. Longitudinal stability provides gust stability. Past experience on airplanes fitted with a flight-control system providing neutral longitudinal stability reveals insufficient feedback cues to the pilot for excursion below normal operational speeds. The maximum angle-of-attack protection system limits the airplane angle of attack and prevents stall during normal operating speeds, but this system is not sufficient to prevent stall at low-speed excursions below normal operational speeds. Until intervention, the pilot receives no stability cues because the airplane remains trimmed. Additionally, due to thrust variation, [[Page 14128]] flight-control laws reduce feedback from the pitching moment. Low-speed excursions may become more hazardous without the typical longitudinal stability, and recovery may become more difficult when the low-speed situation is associated with a low altitude, and with the engines at low thrust or in performance-limiting conditions. These special conditions contain the additional safety standards that the Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of safety equivalent to that established by the existing airworthiness standards. Applicability As discussed above, these special conditions are applicable to Bombardier Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 series airplanes. Should Bombardier apply at a later date for a change to the type certificate to include another model incorporating the same novel or unusual design feature, these special conditions would apply to that model as well. Conclusion This action affects only a certain novel or unusual design feature on Bombardier Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 series airplanes. It is not a rule of general applicability. The substance of these special conditions has been subjected to the notice and comment period in several prior instances and has been derived without substantive change from those previously issued. It is unlikely that prior public comment would result in a significant change from the substance contained herein. Therefore, because a delay would significantly affect the certification of the airplane, the FAA has determined that prior public notice and comment are unnecessary and impracticable, and good cause exists for adopting these special conditions upon publication in the Federal Register. The FAA is requesting comments to allow interested persons to submit views that may not have been submitted in response to the prior opportunities for comment described above. List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25 Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. The authority citation for these special conditions is as follows: Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702, 44704. The Special Conditions Accordingly, pursuant to the authority delegated to me by the Administrator, the following special conditions are issued as part of the type certification basis for Bombardier Inc. Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 series airplanes. In lieu of the requirements of Sec. Sec. 25.171, 25.173, 25.175 and 25.177(c), the following special conditions apply: 1. The airplane must be shown to have suitable static lateral, directional, and longitudinal stability in any condition normally encountered in service, including from the effects of atmospheric disturbance. The showing of suitable static lateral, directional, and longitudinal stability must be based on the airplane handling qualities, including pilot workload and pilot compensation, for specific test procedures during the flight-test evaluations. 2. The airplane must provide to the pilot adequate awareness of a low-energy (low speed, low thrust, low height) state when fitted with flight-control laws presenting neutral longitudinal stability significantly below the normal operating speeds. ``Adequate awareness'' means warning information that alerts the flightcrew of unsafe operating conditions, allowing the flightcrew to take appropriate corrective action. 3. The following requirement must be met for the configurations and speed specified in paragraph (a) of Sec. 25.177. In straight, steady sideslips over the range of sideslip angles appropriate to the operation of the airplane, the rudder-control movements and forces must be substantially proportional to the angle of sideslip in a stable sense. This factor of proportionality must lie between limits found necessary for safe operation. The range of sideslip angles evaluated must include those sideslip angles resulting from the lesser of: a. One-half of the available rudder-control input; and b. A rudder-control force of 180 pounds. Issued in Renton, Washington, on February 10, 2017. Michael Kaszycki, Assistant Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service. [FR Doc. 2017-05327 Filed 3-16-17; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4910-13-P
![14126 Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 51 / Friday, March 17, 2017 / Rules and Regulations
interfaced with a diverse set of model of airplane. It is not a rule of DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
functions, including: general applicability.
• Flight-safety-related control, The substance of these special Federal Aviation Administration
communication, and navigation systems conditions has been subjected to the
(airplane-control domain); 14 CFR Part 25
notice and comment period in several
• Operator business and prior instances and has been derived [Docket No. FAA–2016–9296; Special
administrative support (operator- without substantive change from those Conditions No. 25–647–SC]
information domain); and previously issued. It is unlikely that
• Passenger information and prior public comment would result in a Special Conditions: Bombardier Inc.,
entertainment systems (passenger- significant change from the substance Model BD–700–2A12 and BD–700–
entertainment domain). 2A13 Series Airplanes, Electronic
contained herein. Therefore, because a
Flight Control System: Lateral-
Discussion delay would significantly affect the
Directional and Longitudinal Stability,
certification of the airplane, the FAA
The Textron Model 700 airplane and Low-Energy Awareness
has determined that prior public notice
allows connection to airplane electronic and comment are unnecessary and AGENCY: Federal Aviation
systems and networks, and access from impracticable, and good cause exists for Administration (FAA), DOT.
airplane external sources (e.g., operator adopting these special conditions upon ACTION: Final special conditions; request
networks, wireless devices, Internet publication in the Federal Register. The for comments.
connectivity, service-provider satellite
FAA is requesting comments to allow
communications, electronic flight bags, SUMMARY: These special conditions are
interested persons to submit views that
etc.) to the airplane’s previously issued for the Bombardier Inc.
may not have been submitted in
isolated, internal, electronic (Bombardier) Model BD–700–2A12 and
response to the prior opportunities for
components. These airplane internal BD–700–2A13 series airplanes. These
comment described above.
electronic components include airplanes will have a novel or unusual
electronic equipment and systems, List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25 design feature when compared to the
instruments, networks, servers, software state of technology envisioned in the
and electronic components, field- Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting airworthiness standards for transport-
loadable software and hardware and recordkeeping requirements. category airplanes. This design feature
applications, and databases. This The authority citation for these is lateral-directional and longitudinal
proposed design may otherwise result in special conditions is as follows: stability, and low-energy awareness,
network security vulnerabilities, if not provided through an electronic flight-
appropriately protected, from Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701, control system (EFCS). The applicable
intentional or unintentional corruption 44702, 44704.
airworthiness regulations do not contain
of data and systems required for the The Special Conditions adequate or appropriate safety standards
safety, operation, and maintenance of for this design feature. These special
the airplane. The existing regulations Accordingly, pursuant to the conditions contain the additional safety
and guidance material did not anticipate authority delegated to me by the standards that the Administrator
this type of system architecture, nor Administrator, the following special considers necessary to establish a level
external wired and wireless electronic conditions are issued as part of the type of safety equivalent to that established
access to airplane electronic systems. certification basis for Textron Model by the existing airworthiness standards.
Furthermore, regulations, and current 700 airplanes. DATES: This action is effective on
system safety-assessment policy and Bombardier on March 17, 2017. We
1. The applicant must ensure that the
techniques, do not address potential airplane electronic systems are protected must receive your comments by May 1,
security vulnerabilities that could be from access by unauthorized sources external 2017.
caused by unauthorized access to to the airplane, including those possibly ADDRESSES: Send comments identified
airplane electronic systems and caused by maintenance activity. by docket number FAA–2016–9296
networks. 2. The applicant must ensure that using any of the following methods:
These special conditions contain the electronic system-security threats are • Federal eRegulations Portal: Go to
additional safety standards that the identified and assessed, and that effective http://www.regulations.gov/ and follow
Administrator considers necessary to electronic system-security protection the online instructions for sending your
establish a level of safety equivalent to strategies are implemented to protect the comments electronically.
that established by the existing airplane from all adverse impacts on safety, • Mail: Send comments to Docket
airworthiness standards. functionality, and continued airworthiness. Operations, M–30, U.S. Department of
Applicability 3. The applicant must establish appropriate Transportation (DOT), 1200 New Jersey
procedures to allow the operator to ensure Avenue SE., Room W12–140, West
As discussed above, these special that continued airworthiness of the airplane Building Ground Floor, Washington, DC
conditions are applicable to the Textron is maintained, including all post-type- 20590–0001.
Model 700 airplane. Should Textron certification modifications that may have an • Hand Delivery or Courier: Take
apply at a later date for a change to the impact on the approved electronic system- comments to Docket Operations in
type certificate to include another security safeguards. Room W12–140 of the West Building
model incorporating the same novel or Issued in Renton, Washington, on February Ground Floor at 1200 New Jersey
mstockstill on DSK3G9T082PROD with RULES
unusual design feature, these special 10, 2017. Avenue SE., Washington, DC, between 9
conditions would apply to that model as a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through
well. Michael Kaszycki,
Friday, except Federal holidays.
Assistant Manager, Transport Airplane • Fax: Fax comments to Docket
Conclusion Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service. Operations at 202–493–2251.
This action affects only a certain [FR Doc. 2017–05332 Filed 3–16–17; 8:45 am] Privacy: The FAA will post all
novel or unusual design feature on one BILLING CODE 4910–13–P comments it receives, without change,
VerDate Sep<11>2014 19:31 Mar 16, 2017 Jkt 241001 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\17MRR1.SGM 17MRR1](https://thefederalregister.org/doc/82_FR_14177/page/1.svg)
![14128 Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 51 / Friday, March 17, 2017 / Rules and Regulations
flight-control laws reduce feedback from conditions are issued as part of the type DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
the pitching moment. Low-speed certification basis for Bombardier Inc.
excursions may become more hazardous Model BD–700–2A12 and BD–700– Federal Aviation Administration
without the typical longitudinal 2A13 series airplanes.
stability, and recovery may become 14 CFR Part 25
In lieu of the requirements of
more difficult when the low-speed [Docket No. FAA–2015–7689; Special
§§ 25.171, 25.173, 25.175 and 25.177(c),
situation is associated with a low Conditions No. 25–645–SC]
altitude, and with the engines at low the following special conditions apply:
thrust or in performance-limiting 1. The airplane must be shown to Special Conditions: Lufthansa Technik
conditions. have suitable static lateral, directional, AG; Boeing Model 747–8 Series
These special conditions contain the and longitudinal stability in any Airplanes, Large Non-Structural Glass
additional safety standards that the condition normally encountered in in the Passenger Compartment
Administrator considers necessary to service, including from the effects of
establish a level of safety equivalent to AGENCY: Federal Aviation
atmospheric disturbance. The showing Administration (FAA), DOT.
that established by the existing of suitable static lateral, directional, and
airworthiness standards. ACTION: Final special conditions.
longitudinal stability must be based on
Applicability the airplane handling qualities, SUMMARY: These special conditions are
including pilot workload and pilot issued for the Boeing Model 747–8
As discussed above, these special
conditions are applicable to Bombardier compensation, for specific test airplane. This airplane, as modified by
Model BD–700–2A12 and BD–700– procedures during the flight-test Lufthansa Technik AG (Lufthansa), will
2A13 series airplanes. Should evaluations. have a novel or unusual design feature
Bombardier apply at a later date for a 2. The airplane must provide to the when compared to the state of
change to the type certificate to include pilot adequate awareness of a low- technology envisioned in the
another model incorporating the same airworthiness standards for transport-
energy (low speed, low thrust, low
novel or unusual design feature, these category airplanes. This design feature
height) state when fitted with flight-
special conditions would apply to that is the installation of large, non-
control laws presenting neutral structural glass panels in the cabin area
model as well. longitudinal stability significantly of an executive interior occupied by
Conclusion below the normal operating speeds. passengers and crew. The applicable
‘‘Adequate awareness’’ means warning airworthiness regulations do not contain
This action affects only a certain
information that alerts the flightcrew of adequate or appropriate safety standards
novel or unusual design feature on
unsafe operating conditions, allowing for this design feature. These special
Bombardier Model BD–700–2A12 and
BD–700–2A13 series airplanes. It is not the flightcrew to take appropriate conditions contain the additional safety
a rule of general applicability. corrective action. standards that the Administrator
The substance of these special 3. The following requirement must be considers necessary to establish a level
conditions has been subjected to the met for the configurations and speed of safety equivalent to that established
notice and comment period in several specified in paragraph (a) of § 25.177. In by the existing airworthiness standards.
prior instances and has been derived straight, steady sideslips over the range DATES: Effective April 17, 2017.
without substantive change from those of sideslip angles appropriate to the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
previously issued. It is unlikely that operation of the airplane, the rudder- Jayson Claar, FAA, Airframe and Cabin
prior public comment would result in a control movements and forces must be Safety, ANM–115, Transport Airplane
significant change from the substance substantially proportional to the angle Directorate, Aircraft Certification
contained herein. Therefore, because a of sideslip in a stable sense. This factor Service, 1601 Lind Avenue SW.,
delay would significantly affect the of proportionality must lie between Renton, Washington 98057–3356;
certification of the airplane, the FAA limits found necessary for safe telephone 425–227–2194; facsimile
has determined that prior public notice operation. The range of sideslip angles 425–227–1320.
and comment are unnecessary and SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
evaluated must include those sideslip
impracticable, and good cause exists for
angles resulting from the lesser of: Background
adopting these special conditions upon
publication in the Federal Register. a. One-half of the available rudder- On March 8, 2012, Lufthansa Technik
The FAA is requesting comments to control input; and AG applied for a supplemental type
allow interested persons to submit b. A rudder-control force of 180 certificate for large, non-structural glass
views that may not have been submitted pounds. panels in the passenger compartment in
in response to the prior opportunities a Boeing Model 747–8 airplane. The
for comment described above. Issued in Renton, Washington, on February Model 747–8 airplane is a derivative of
10, 2017. the Boeing Model 747–400 airplane
List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25 Michael Kaszycki, approved under type certificate no.
Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting Assistant Manager, Transport Airplane A20WE. The airplane, as modified by
and recordkeeping requirements. Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service. Lufthansa Technik AG, is a four-engine,
The authority citation for these [FR Doc. 2017–05327 Filed 3–16–17; 8:45 am] transport-category airplane that will
special conditions is as follows: BILLING CODE 4910–13–P have a maximum takeoff weight of
mstockstill on DSK3G9T082PROD with RULES
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701, 970,000 lbs, capacity for 24
44702, 44704. crewmembers, and seating for 143
passengers.
The Special Conditions
Accordingly, pursuant to the Type Certification Basis
authority delegated to me by the The certification basis for the Boeing
Administrator, the following special Model 747–8 airplane, as defined in
VerDate Sep<11>2014 19:31 Mar 16, 2017 Jkt 241001 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\17MRR1.SGM 17MRR1](https://thefederalregister.org/doc/82_FR_14177/page/3.svg)
Document Created: 2017-03-17 02:48:41
Document Modified: 2017-03-17 02:48:41
| Category | Regulatory Information | |
| Collection | Federal Register | |
| sudoc Class | AE 2.7: GS 4.107: AE 2.106: | |
| Publisher | Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration | |
| Section | Rules and Regulations | |
| Action | Final special conditions; request for comments. | |
| Dates | This action is effective on Bombardier on March 17, 2017. We must receive your comments by May 1, 2017. | |
| Contact | Joe Jacobsen, FAA, Airplane and Flightcrew Interface, ANM-111, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, Washington 98057- 3356; telephone 425-227-2011; facsimile 425-227-1320. | |
| FR Citation | 82 FR 14126 | |
| CFR Associated | Aircraft; Aviation Safety and Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements |
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