82_FR_44709 82 FR 44525 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; West Virginia; Removal of Clean Air Interstate Rule Trading Programs Replaced by Cross-State Air Pollution Rule Trading Programs

82 FR 44525 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; West Virginia; Removal of Clean Air Interstate Rule Trading Programs Replaced by Cross-State Air Pollution Rule Trading Programs

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

Federal Register Volume 82, Issue 184 (September 25, 2017)

Page Range44525-44527
FR Document2017-20341

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is taking direct final action to approve two state implementation plan (SIP) revisions submitted by the State of West Virginia. These revisions pertain to two West Virginia regulations that established trading programs under the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR). The EPA-administered trading programs under CAIR were discontinued on December 31, 2014 upon the implementation of the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR), which was promulgated by EPA to replace CAIR. CSAPR established federal implementation plans (FIPs) for 23 states, including West Virginia. The submitted SIP revisions request removal of regulations that implemented the CAIR annual nitrogen oxide (NO<INF>X</INF>) and annual sulfur dioxide (SO<INF>2</INF>) trading programs from the West Virginia SIP (as CSAPR has supplanted CAIR). West Virginia's SIP revision submittal requesting removal of a regulation that implemented the CAIR ozone season trading program will be addressed in a separate action. EPA is approving these SIP revisions in accordance with the requirements of the Clean Air Act (CAA).

Federal Register, Volume 82 Issue 184 (Monday, September 25, 2017)
[Federal Register Volume 82, Number 184 (Monday, September 25, 2017)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 44525-44527]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2017-20341]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 52

[EPA-R03-OAR-2016-0574; FRL-9968-15-Region 3]


Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; 
West Virginia; Removal of Clean Air Interstate Rule Trading Programs 
Replaced by Cross-State Air Pollution Rule Trading Programs

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Direct final rule.

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SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is taking direct 
final action to approve two state implementation plan (SIP) revisions 
submitted by the State of West Virginia. These revisions pertain to two 
West Virginia regulations that established trading programs under the 
Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR). The EPA-administered trading programs 
under CAIR were discontinued on December 31, 2014 upon the 
implementation of the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR), which was 
promulgated by EPA to replace CAIR. CSAPR established federal 
implementation plans (FIPs) for 23 states, including West Virginia. The 
submitted SIP revisions request removal of regulations that implemented 
the CAIR annual nitrogen oxide (NOX) and annual sulfur 
dioxide (SO2) trading programs from the West Virginia SIP 
(as CSAPR has supplanted CAIR). West Virginia's SIP revision submittal 
requesting removal of a regulation that implemented the CAIR ozone 
season trading program will be addressed in a separate action. EPA is 
approving these SIP revisions in accordance with the requirements of 
the Clean Air Act (CAA).

DATES: This rule is effective on December 26, 2017 without further 
notice, unless EPA receives adverse written comment by October 25, 
2017. If EPA receives such comments, it will publish a timely 
withdrawal of the direct final rule in the Federal Register and inform 
the public that the rule will not take effect.

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-R03-
OAR-2016-0574 at https://www.regulations.gov, or via email to 
[email protected]. For comments submitted at Regulations.gov, 
follow the online instructions for submitting comments. Once submitted, 
comments cannot be edited or removed from Regulations.gov. For either 
manner of submission, EPA may publish any comment received to its 
public docket. Do not submit electronically any information you 
consider to be confidential business information (CBI) or other 
information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Multimedia 
submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be accompanied by a written 
comment. The written comment is considered the official comment and 
should include discussion of all points you wish to make. EPA will 
generally not consider comments or comment contents located outside of 
the primary submission (i.e. on the web, cloud, or other file sharing 
system). For additional submission methods, please contact the person 
identified in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section. For the full 
EPA public comment policy, information about CBI or multimedia 
submissions, and general guidance on making effective comments, please 
visit http://www2.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-epa-dockets.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Marilyn Powers, (215) 814-2308, or by 
email at [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On July 13, 2016, the State of West 
Virginia, through the West Virginia Department of Environmental 
Protection (WVDEP), submitted three SIP revisions requesting EPA remove 
from its SIP three regulations that implemented the CAIR (70 FR 25162, 
May 12, 2005) trading programs: Regulation 45CSR39--Control of Annual 
Nitrogen Oxides Emissions, Regulation 45CSR40--Control of Ozone Season 
Nitrogen Oxides Emissions, and Regulation 45CSR41--Control of Annual 
Sulfur Dioxide Emissions. This action pertains to the two submittals 
that remove 45CSR39 and 45CSR41, the CAIR annual NOX and 
annual SO2 trading programs, respectively, from the West 
Virginia SIP. The submittal pertaining to removal of the CAIR ozone 
season NOX trading program is not a part of this action and 
will be addressed in a separate action.

I. Background

    In 2005, EPA promulgated CAIR (70 FR 25162, May 12, 2005) to 
address transported emissions that significantly contributed to 
downwind states' nonattainment and interfered with maintenance of the 
1997 ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) national 
ambient air quality standards (NAAQS). CAIR required 28 states, 
including West Virginia, to reduce emissions of NOX and 
SO2, precursors to the formation of ambient ozone and 
PM2.5. Under CAIR, EPA established federal implementation 
plans (FIPs) comprised of separate cap and trade programs for annual 
NOX, ozone season NOX, and annual SO2. 
States could comply with the requirements of CAIR by remaining on the 
FIP, which applied only to electric generating units (EGUs), or by 
submitting a CAIR SIP revision that included as trading sources EGUs 
and certain non-EGUs \1\ that formerly traded in the NOX 
Budget Trading Program under the NOX SIP Call.\2\ West 
Virginia submitted, and EPA approved, a CAIR SIP revision that included 
EGUs and certain non-EGUs as part of the State's regulation for the 
CAIR ozone season trading program as well as EGUs in the CAIR annual 
trading program for NOX and SO2. See 74 FR 38536 
(August 4, 2009).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ These non-EGUs are defined in the NOX SIP Call as 
stationary, fossil fuel-fired boilers, combustion turbines, or 
combined cycle systems with a maximum design heat input greater than 
250 million British thermal units per hour (MMBtu/hr).
    \2\ In October 1998, EPA finalized the ``Finding of Significant 
Contribution and Rulemaking for Certain States in the Ozone 
Transport Assessment Group Region for Purposes of Reducing Regional 
Transport of Ozone''--commonly called the NOX SIP Call. 
See 63 FR 57356 (October 27, 1998).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia 
Circuit (D.C. Circuit) initially vacated CAIR in 2008,\3\ but 
ultimately remanded the rule to EPA without vacatur to preserve the 
environmental benefits provided by CAIR.\4\ The ruling allowed CAIR to 
remain in effect temporarily until a replacement rule consistent with 
the Court's opinion was developed. While EPA worked on developing a 
replacement rule, the CAIR program continued as planned with the 
NOX annual and ozone season programs

[[Page 44526]]

beginning in 2009 and the SO2 annual program beginning in 
2010.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \3\ North Carolina v. EPA, 531 F.3d 896 (D.C. Cir. 2008).
    \4\ North Carolina v. EPA, 550 F.3d 1176 (D.C. Cir. 2008).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    On August 8, 2011 (76 FR 48208), acting on the D.C. Circuit's 
remand, EPA promulgated the CSAPR to replace CAIR to address the 
interstate transport of emissions contributing to nonattainment and 
interfering with maintenance of the two air quality standards covered 
by CAIR as well as the 2006 PM2.5 NAAQS. The rule also 
contained provisions that would sunset CAIR-related obligations on a 
schedule coordinated with the implementation of CSAPR compliance 
requirements. CSAPR was to become effective January 1, 2012; however, 
the timing of CSAPR's implementation was impacted by a number of court 
actions.
    Numerous parties filed petitions for review of CSAPR in the D.C. 
Circuit, and on December 30, 2011, the D.C. Circuit stayed CSAPR prior 
to its implementation and ordered EPA to continue administering CAIR on 
an interim basis.\5\ On August 21, 2012, the court issued its ruling, 
vacating and remanding CSAPR to EPA and ordering continued 
implementation of CAIR. EME Homer City Generation, L.P. v. EPA, 696 
F.3d 7, 38 (D.C. Cir. 2012). The D.C. Circuit's vacatur of CSAPR was 
reversed by the United States Supreme Court on April 29, 2014, and the 
case was remanded to the D.C. Circuit to resolve remaining issues in 
accordance with the Supreme Court's ruling. EPA v. EME Homer City 
Generation, L.P., 134 S. Ct. 1584 (2014). On remand, the D.C. Circuit 
affirmed CSAPR in most respects.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \5\ Order of Dec. 30, 2011, in EME Homer City Generation, L.P. 
v. EPA, D.C. Cir. No. 11-1302.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Throughout the initial round of D.C. Circuit proceedings and the 
ensuing Supreme Court proceedings, the stay on CSAPR remained in place, 
and EPA continued to implement CAIR. Following the April 2014 Supreme 
Court decision, EPA filed a motion asking the D.C. Circuit to lift the 
stay in order to allow CSAPR to replace CAIR in an equitable and 
orderly manner while further D.C. Circuit proceedings were held to 
resolve remaining claims from petitioners. Additionally, EPA's motion 
requested delay, by three years, of all CSAPR compliance deadlines that 
had not passed as of the approval date of the stay. On October 23, 
2014, the D.C. Circuit granted EPA's request,\6\ and on December 3, 
2014 (79 FR 71663), in an interim final rule, EPA set the updated 
effective date of CSAPR as January 1, 2015 and delayed the 
implementation of CSAPR Phase I to 2015 and CSAPR Phase 2 to 2017. In 
accordance with the interim final rule, the sunset date for CAIR was 
December 31, 2014, and EPA began implementing CSAPR on January 1, 2015.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \6\ Order, Document #1518738, EME Homer City Generation, L.P. v. 
EPA, No. 11-1302 (D.C. Cir. issued Oct. 23, 2014).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Starting in January 2015, the CSAPR FIP trading programs for annual 
NOX, ozone season NOX and annual SO2 
were applicable in West Virginia. Thus, since January 1, 2015, the West 
Virginia regulations, 45CSR39 and 45CSR41, that implemented the CAIR 
trading programs became obsolete with none of these obsolete programs 
providing any emission reductions.\7\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \7\ EPA notes that 45CSR40--Control of Ozone Season Nitrogen 
Oxides Emissions is also obsolete and not affecting emission 
reductions. However, EPA will act on West Virginia's request to 
remove 45CSR40 from the SIP in a separate action.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

II. Summary of SIP Revisions and EPA Analysis

    WVDEP submitted two SIP revisions on July 13, 2016 that requested 
the removal from the West Virginia SIP of the State's regulations 
(45CSR39 and 45CSR41) which implemented respectively the CAIR annual 
NOX and annual SO2 trading programs. As noted 
previously, the annual NOX and SO2 reduction 
programs to address interstate transport of emissions from EGUs for the 
1997 and 2006 PM2.5 NAAQS have been replaced by the CSAPR 
FIP. Because the removal of 45CSR39 and 41 remove moot CAIR provisions 
which have been replaced by CSAPR which is at least as stringent as 
CAIR, the removal of 45CSR39 and 41 from the West Virginia SIP has no 
expected emissions impact on any pollutant and thus is not expected to 
interfere with reasonable further progress, any NAAQS or any other CAA 
requirement. The removal of 45CSR39 and 41 from the West Virginia SIP 
is in accordance with section 110(l) of the CAA. Therefore, EPA 
determines it is appropriate for these two regulations to be removed in 
their entirety from the West Virginia SIP as the regulations contain 
obsolete provisions which no longer provide any emission limitations 
on, or reductions of, any pollutant.

III. Final Action

    EPA is approving the two July 13, 2016 West Virginia SIP revision 
submissions which seek removal from the West Virginia SIP of Regulation 
45CSR39 that implemented the CAIR annual NOX trading program 
and Regulation 45CSR41 that implemented the CAIR annual SO2 
trading program. Removal of these two regulations from the West 
Virginia SIP is in accordance with section 110 of the CAA. EPA is 
publishing this rule without prior proposal because EPA views this as a 
noncontroversial amendment and anticipates no adverse comment. However, 
in the ``Proposed Rules'' section of this issue of the Federal 
Register, EPA is publishing a separate document that will serve as the 
proposal to approve the SIP revision if adverse comments are filed. 
This rule will be effective on December 26, 2017 without further notice 
unless EPA receives adverse comment by October 25, 2017. If EPA 
receives adverse comment, EPA will publish a timely withdrawal in the 
Federal Register informing the public that the rule will not take 
effect. EPA will address all public comments in a subsequent final rule 
based on the proposed rule. EPA will not institute a second comment 
period on this action. Any parties interested in commenting must do so 
at this time. Please note that if EPA receives adverse comment on an 
amendment, paragraph, or section of this rule and if that provision may 
be severed from the remainder of the rule, EPA may adopt as final those 
provisions of the rule that are not the subject of an adverse comment.

IV. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

A. General Requirements

    Under the CAA, the Administrator is required to approve a SIP 
submission that complies with the provisions of the CAA and applicable 
federal regulations. 42 U.S.C. 7410(k); 40 CFR 52.02(a). Thus, in 
reviewing SIP submissions, EPA's role is to approve state choices, 
provided that they meet the criteria of the CAA. Accordingly, this 
action merely approves state law as meeting federal requirements and 
does not impose additional requirements beyond those imposed by state 
law. For that reason, this action:
     Is not a ``significant regulatory action'' subject to 
review by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Orders 
12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993) and 13563 (76 FR 3821, January 21, 
2011);
     Does not impose an information collection burden under the 
provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
     Is certified as not having a significant economic impact 
on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
     Does not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or 
uniquely affect small governments, as described in the Unfunded 
Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4);

[[Page 44527]]

     Does not have federalism implications as specified in 
Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999);
     Is not an economically significant regulatory action based 
on health or safety risks subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 
19885, April 23, 1997);
     Is not a significant regulatory action subject to 
Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001);
     Is not subject to requirements of section 12(d) of the 
National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 
note) because application of those requirements would be inconsistent 
with the CAA; and
     Does not provide EPA with the discretionary authority to 
address, as appropriate, disproportionate human health or environmental 
effects, using practicable and legally permissible methods, under 
Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
    In addition, this rule removing West Virginia regulations 45CSR39 
and 45CSR41 from the West Virginia SIP does not have tribal 
implications as specified by Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, 
November 9, 2000), because the SIP is not approved to apply in Indian 
country located in the state, and EPA notes that it will not impose 
substantial direct costs on tribal governments or preempt tribal law.

B. Submission to Congress and the Comptroller General

    The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the 
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996, generally 
provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating 
the rule must submit a rule report, which includes a copy of the rule, 
to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the 
United States. EPA will submit a report containing this action and 
other required information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of 
Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the United States prior 
to publication of the rule in the Federal Register. A major rule cannot 
take effect until 60 days after it is published in the Federal 
Register. This action is not a ``major rule'' as defined by 5 U.S.C. 
804.

C. Petitions for Judicial Review

    Under section 307(b)(1) of the CAA, petitions for judicial review 
of this action must be filed in the United States Court of Appeals for 
the appropriate circuit by November 24, 2017. Filing a petition for 
reconsideration by the Administrator of this final rule does not affect 
the finality of this action for the purposes of judicial review nor 
does it extend the time within which a petition for judicial review may 
be filed, and shall not postpone the effectiveness of such rule or 
action. Parties with objections to this direct final rule are 
encouraged to file a comment in response to the parallel notice of 
proposed rulemaking for this action published in the proposed rules 
section of this issue of the Federal Register, rather than file an 
immediate petition for judicial review of this direct final rule, so 
that EPA can withdraw this direct final rule and address the comment in 
the proposed rulemaking action.
    This action approving West Virginia SIP revision submittals to 
remove obsolete CAIR annual trading program provisions may not be 
challenged later in proceedings to enforce its requirements. (See 
section 307(b)(2)).

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52

    Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by 
reference, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone, Particulate matter, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements, Sulfur oxides.

    Dated: September 11, 2017.
Cecil Rodrigues,
Acting Regional Administrator, Region III.

    40 CFR part 52 is amended as follows:

PART 52--APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS

0
1. The authority citation for part 52 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.

Subpart XX--West Virginia


Sec.  52.2520   [Amended]

0
2. In Sec.  52.2520, the first table in paragraph (c) is amended by:
0
a. Removing the table heading and the entries for ``[45 CSR] Series 
39''.
0
b. Removing the table heading and the entries for ``[45 CSR] Series 
41''.

[FR Doc. 2017-20341 Filed 9-22-17; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 6560-50-P



                                                                   Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 184 / Monday, September 25, 2017 / Rules and Regulations                                               44525

                                                  2011 base year emissions inventory for                  approving these SIP revisions in                      trading programs, respectively, from the
                                                  the Maryland portion of the                             accordance with the requirements of the               West Virginia SIP. The submittal
                                                  Philadelphia-Wilmington-Atlantic City                   Clean Air Act (CAA).                                  pertaining to removal of the CAIR ozone
                                                  marginal nonattainment area for the                     DATES: This rule is effective on                      season NOX trading program is not a
                                                  2008 8-hour ozone national ambient air                  December 26, 2017 without further                     part of this action and will be addressed
                                                  quality standards submitted by the                      notice, unless EPA receives adverse                   in a separate action.
                                                  Maryland Department of the                              written comment by October 25, 2017.                  I. Background
                                                  Environment on January 19, 2017, as                     If EPA receives such comments, it will
                                                  amended July 20, 2017. The 2011 base                    publish a timely withdrawal of the                       In 2005, EPA promulgated CAIR (70
                                                  year emissions inventory includes                       direct final rule in the Federal Register             FR 25162, May 12, 2005) to address
                                                  emissions estimates that cover the                      and inform the public that the rule will              transported emissions that significantly
                                                  general source categories of stationary                 not take effect.                                      contributed to downwind states’
                                                  point, area (nonpoint), nonroad mobile,                 ADDRESSES: Submit your comments,                      nonattainment and interfered with
                                                  onroad mobile, and Marine-Air-Rail (M–                  identified by Docket ID No. EPA–R03–                  maintenance of the 1997 ozone and fine
                                                  A–R). The inventory included actual                     OAR–2016–0574 at https://                             particulate matter (PM2.5) national
                                                  annual emissions and typical summer                     www.regulations.gov, or via email to                  ambient air quality standards (NAAQS).
                                                  day emissions for the months of May                     stahl.cynthia@epa.gov. For comments                   CAIR required 28 states, including West
                                                  through September for the ozone                         submitted at Regulations.gov, follow the              Virginia, to reduce emissions of NOX
                                                  precursors, VOC and NOX.                                online instructions for submitting                    and SO2, precursors to the formation of
                                                  [FR Doc. 2017–20324 Filed 9–22–17; 8:45 am]             comments. Once submitted, comments                    ambient ozone and PM2.5. Under CAIR,
                                                  BILLING CODE 6560–50–P                                  cannot be edited or removed from                      EPA established federal implementation
                                                                                                          Regulations.gov. For either manner of                 plans (FIPs) comprised of separate cap
                                                                                                          submission, EPA may publish any                       and trade programs for annual NOX,
                                                  ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION                                comment received to its public docket.                ozone season NOX, and annual SO2.
                                                  AGENCY                                                  Do not submit electronically any                      States could comply with the
                                                                                                          information you consider to be                        requirements of CAIR by remaining on
                                                  40 CFR Part 52                                          confidential business information (CBI)               the FIP, which applied only to electric
                                                                                                          or other information whose disclosure is              generating units (EGUs), or by
                                                  [EPA–R03–OAR–2016–0574; FRL–9968–15–
                                                  Region 3]                                               restricted by statute. Multimedia                     submitting a CAIR SIP revision that
                                                                                                          submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be              included as trading sources EGUs and
                                                  Approval and Promulgation of Air                        accompanied by a written comment.                     certain non-EGUs 1 that formerly traded
                                                  Quality Implementation Plans; West                      The written comment is considered the                 in the NOX Budget Trading Program
                                                  Virginia; Removal of Clean Air                          official comment and should include                   under the NOX SIP Call.2 West Virginia
                                                  Interstate Rule Trading Programs                        discussion of all points you wish to                  submitted, and EPA approved, a CAIR
                                                  Replaced by Cross-State Air Pollution                   make. EPA will generally not consider                 SIP revision that included EGUs and
                                                  Rule Trading Programs                                   comments or comment contents located                  certain non-EGUs as part of the State’s
                                                                                                          outside of the primary submission (i.e.               regulation for the CAIR ozone season
                                                  AGENCY: Environmental Protection                                                                              trading program as well as EGUs in the
                                                                                                          on the web, cloud, or other file sharing
                                                  Agency (EPA).                                                                                                 CAIR annual trading program for NOX
                                                                                                          system). For additional submission
                                                  ACTION: Direct final rule.                                                                                    and SO2. See 74 FR 38536 (August 4,
                                                                                                          methods, please contact the person
                                                  SUMMARY:   The Environmental Protection                 identified in the FOR FURTHER                         2009).
                                                                                                          INFORMATION CONTACT section. For the                     The United States Court of Appeals
                                                  Agency (EPA) is taking direct final
                                                                                                          full EPA public comment policy,                       for the District of Columbia Circuit (D.C.
                                                  action to approve two state
                                                                                                          information about CBI or multimedia                   Circuit) initially vacated CAIR in 2008,3
                                                  implementation plan (SIP) revisions
                                                  submitted by the State of West Virginia.                submissions, and general guidance on                  but ultimately remanded the rule to EPA
                                                  These revisions pertain to two West                     making effective comments, please visit               without vacatur to preserve the
                                                  Virginia regulations that established                   http://www2.epa.gov/dockets/                          environmental benefits provided by
                                                  trading programs under the Clean Air                    commenting-epa-dockets.                               CAIR.4 The ruling allowed CAIR to
                                                  Interstate Rule (CAIR). The EPA-                        FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:                      remain in effect temporarily until a
                                                  administered trading programs under                     Marilyn Powers, (215) 814–2308, or by                 replacement rule consistent with the
                                                  CAIR were discontinued on December                      email at powers.marilyn@epa.gov.                      Court’s opinion was developed. While
                                                  31, 2014 upon the implementation of                                                                           EPA worked on developing a
                                                                                                          SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: On July
                                                  the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule                                                                            replacement rule, the CAIR program
                                                                                                          13, 2016, the State of West Virginia,
                                                  (CSAPR), which was promulgated by                                                                             continued as planned with the NOX
                                                                                                          through the West Virginia Department
                                                  EPA to replace CAIR. CSAPR                              of Environmental Protection (WVDEP),                  annual and ozone season programs
                                                  established federal implementation                      submitted three SIP revisions requesting                1 These non-EGUs are defined in the NO SIP Call
                                                                                                                                                                                                             X
                                                  plans (FIPs) for 23 states, including                   EPA remove from its SIP three                         as stationary, fossil fuel-fired boilers, combustion
                                                  West Virginia. The submitted SIP                        regulations that implemented the CAIR                 turbines, or combined cycle systems with a
                                                  revisions request removal of regulations                (70 FR 25162, May 12, 2005) trading                   maximum design heat input greater than 250
                                                  that implemented the CAIR annual                        programs: Regulation 45CSR39—Control                  million British thermal units per hour (MMBtu/hr).
asabaliauskas on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with RULES




                                                                                                                                                                  2 In October 1998, EPA finalized the ‘‘Finding of
                                                  nitrogen oxide (NOX) and annual sulfur                  of Annual Nitrogen Oxides Emissions,                  Significant Contribution and Rulemaking for
                                                  dioxide (SO2) trading programs from the                 Regulation 45CSR40—Control of Ozone                   Certain States in the Ozone Transport Assessment
                                                  West Virginia SIP (as CSAPR has                         Season Nitrogen Oxides Emissions, and                 Group Region for Purposes of Reducing Regional
                                                  supplanted CAIR). West Virginia’s SIP                   Regulation 45CSR41—Control of                         Transport of Ozone’’—commonly called the NOX
                                                                                                                                                                SIP Call. See 63 FR 57356 (October 27, 1998).
                                                  revision submittal requesting removal of                Annual Sulfur Dioxide Emissions. This                   3 North Carolina v. EPA, 531 F.3d 896 (D.C. Cir.
                                                  a regulation that implemented the CAIR                  action pertains to the two submittals                 2008).
                                                  ozone season trading program will be                    that remove 45CSR39 and 45CSR41, the                    4 North Carolina v. EPA, 550 F.3d 1176 (D.C. Cir.

                                                  addressed in a separate action. EPA is                  CAIR annual NOX and annual SO2                        2008).



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                                                  44526            Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 184 / Monday, September 25, 2017 / Rules and Regulations

                                                  beginning in 2009 and the SO2 annual                    2015 and CSAPR Phase 2 to 2017. In                    proposal because EPA views this as a
                                                  program beginning in 2010.                              accordance with the interim final rule,               noncontroversial amendment and
                                                     On August 8, 2011 (76 FR 48208),                     the sunset date for CAIR was December                 anticipates no adverse comment.
                                                  acting on the D.C. Circuit’s remand, EPA                31, 2014, and EPA began implementing                  However, in the ‘‘Proposed Rules’’
                                                  promulgated the CSAPR to replace CAIR                   CSAPR on January 1, 2015.                             section of this issue of the Federal
                                                  to address the interstate transport of                    Starting in January 2015, the CSAPR                 Register, EPA is publishing a separate
                                                  emissions contributing to nonattainment                 FIP trading programs for annual NOX,                  document that will serve as the proposal
                                                  and interfering with maintenance of the                 ozone season NOX and annual SO2 were                  to approve the SIP revision if adverse
                                                  two air quality standards covered by                    applicable in West Virginia. Thus, since              comments are filed. This rule will be
                                                  CAIR as well as the 2006 PM2.5 NAAQS.                   January 1, 2015, the West Virginia                    effective on December 26, 2017 without
                                                  The rule also contained provisions that                 regulations, 45CSR39 and 45CSR41, that                further notice unless EPA receives
                                                  would sunset CAIR-related obligations                   implemented the CAIR trading programs                 adverse comment by October 25, 2017.
                                                  on a schedule coordinated with the                      became obsolete with none of these                    If EPA receives adverse comment, EPA
                                                  implementation of CSAPR compliance                      obsolete programs providing any                       will publish a timely withdrawal in the
                                                  requirements. CSAPR was to become                       emission reductions.7                                 Federal Register informing the public
                                                  effective January 1, 2012; however, the                 II. Summary of SIP Revisions and EPA                  that the rule will not take effect. EPA
                                                  timing of CSAPR’s implementation was                    Analysis                                              will address all public comments in a
                                                  impacted by a number of court actions.                                                                        subsequent final rule based on the
                                                     Numerous parties filed petitions for                    WVDEP submitted two SIP revisions                  proposed rule. EPA will not institute a
                                                  review of CSAPR in the D.C. Circuit,                    on July 13, 2016 that requested the                   second comment period on this action.
                                                  and on December 30, 2011, the D.C.                      removal from the West Virginia SIP of                 Any parties interested in commenting
                                                  Circuit stayed CSAPR prior to its                       the State’s regulations (45CSR39 and                  must do so at this time. Please note that
                                                                                                          45CSR41) which implemented
                                                  implementation and ordered EPA to                                                                             if EPA receives adverse comment on an
                                                                                                          respectively the CAIR annual NOX and
                                                  continue administering CAIR on an                                                                             amendment, paragraph, or section of
                                                                                                          annual SO2 trading programs. As noted
                                                  interim basis.5 On August 21, 2012, the                                                                       this rule and if that provision may be
                                                                                                          previously, the annual NOX and SO2
                                                  court issued its ruling, vacating and                                                                         severed from the remainder of the rule,
                                                                                                          reduction programs to address interstate
                                                  remanding CSAPR to EPA and ordering                                                                           EPA may adopt as final those provisions
                                                                                                          transport of emissions from EGUs for
                                                  continued implementation of CAIR.                                                                             of the rule that are not the subject of an
                                                                                                          the 1997 and 2006 PM2.5 NAAQS have
                                                  EME Homer City Generation, L.P. v.                                                                            adverse comment.
                                                                                                          been replaced by the CSAPR FIP.
                                                  EPA, 696 F.3d 7, 38 (D.C. Cir. 2012). The
                                                                                                          Because the removal of 45CSR39 and 41                 IV. Statutory and Executive Order
                                                  D.C. Circuit’s vacatur of CSAPR was
                                                                                                          remove moot CAIR provisions which                     Reviews
                                                  reversed by the United States Supreme                   have been replaced by CSAPR which is
                                                  Court on April 29, 2014, and the case                   at least as stringent as CAIR, the                    A. General Requirements
                                                  was remanded to the D.C. Circuit to                     removal of 45CSR39 and 41 from the
                                                  resolve remaining issues in accordance                                                                           Under the CAA, the Administrator is
                                                                                                          West Virginia SIP has no expected                     required to approve a SIP submission
                                                  with the Supreme Court’s ruling. EPA v.                 emissions impact on any pollutant and
                                                  EME Homer City Generation, L.P., 134 S.                                                                       that complies with the provisions of the
                                                                                                          thus is not expected to interfere with                CAA and applicable federal regulations.
                                                  Ct. 1584 (2014). On remand, the D.C.                    reasonable further progress, any NAAQS
                                                  Circuit affirmed CSAPR in most                                                                                42 U.S.C. 7410(k); 40 CFR 52.02(a).
                                                                                                          or any other CAA requirement. The                     Thus, in reviewing SIP submissions,
                                                  respects.                                               removal of 45CSR39 and 41 from the
                                                     Throughout the initial round of D.C.                                                                       EPA’s role is to approve state choices,
                                                                                                          West Virginia SIP is in accordance with               provided that they meet the criteria of
                                                  Circuit proceedings and the ensuing                     section 110(l) of the CAA. Therefore,
                                                  Supreme Court proceedings, the stay on                                                                        the CAA. Accordingly, this action
                                                                                                          EPA determines it is appropriate for                  merely approves state law as meeting
                                                  CSAPR remained in place, and EPA                        these two regulations to be removed in
                                                  continued to implement CAIR.                                                                                  federal requirements and does not
                                                                                                          their entirety from the West Virginia SIP             impose additional requirements beyond
                                                  Following the April 2014 Supreme                        as the regulations contain obsolete
                                                  Court decision, EPA filed a motion                                                                            those imposed by state law. For that
                                                                                                          provisions which no longer provide any                reason, this action:
                                                  asking the D.C. Circuit to lift the stay in             emission limitations on, or reductions
                                                  order to allow CSAPR to replace CAIR                                                                             • Is not a ‘‘significant regulatory
                                                                                                          of, any pollutant.                                    action’’ subject to review by the Office
                                                  in an equitable and orderly manner
                                                  while further D.C. Circuit proceedings                  III. Final Action                                     of Management and Budget under
                                                  were held to resolve remaining claims                      EPA is approving the two July 13,                  Executive Orders 12866 (58 FR 51735,
                                                  from petitioners. Additionally, EPA’s                   2016 West Virginia SIP revision                       October 4, 1993) and 13563 (76 FR 3821,
                                                  motion requested delay, by three years,                 submissions which seek removal from                   January 21, 2011);
                                                  of all CSAPR compliance deadlines that                  the West Virginia SIP of Regulation                      • Does not impose an information
                                                  had not passed as of the approval date                  45CSR39 that implemented the CAIR                     collection burden under the provisions
                                                  of the stay. On October 23, 2014, the                   annual NOX trading program and                        of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44
                                                  D.C. Circuit granted EPA’s request,6 and                Regulation 45CSR41 that implemented                   U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
                                                  on December 3, 2014 (79 FR 71663), in                   the CAIR annual SO2 trading program.                     • Is certified as not having a
                                                  an interim final rule, EPA set the                      Removal of these two regulations from                 significant economic impact on a
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                                                  updated effective date of CSAPR as                      the West Virginia SIP is in accordance                substantial number of small entities
                                                  January 1, 2015 and delayed the                         with section 110 of the CAA. EPA is                   under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5
                                                  implementation of CSAPR Phase I to                      publishing this rule without prior                    U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
                                                                                                                                                                   • Does not contain any unfunded
                                                     5 Order of Dec. 30, 2011, in EME Homer City            7 EPA notes that 45CSR40—Control of Ozone
                                                                                                                                                                mandate or significantly or uniquely
                                                  Generation, L.P. v. EPA, D.C. Cir. No. 11–1302.         Season Nitrogen Oxides Emissions is also obsolete
                                                     6 Order, Document #1518738, EME Homer City           and not affecting emission reductions. However,
                                                                                                                                                                affect small governments, as described
                                                  Generation, L.P. v. EPA, No. 11–1302 (D.C. Cir.         EPA will act on West Virginia’s request to remove     in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
                                                  issued Oct. 23, 2014).                                  45CSR40 from the SIP in a separate action.            of 1995 (Pub. L. 104–4);


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                                                                   Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 184 / Monday, September 25, 2017 / Rules and Regulations                                      44527

                                                    • Does not have federalism                            extend the time within which a petition               ACTION:   Final rule.
                                                  implications as specified in Executive                  for judicial review may be filed, and
                                                  Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10,                    shall not postpone the effectiveness of               SUMMARY:   The Environmental Protection
                                                  1999);                                                  such rule or action. Parties with                     Agency (EPA) is approving a request
                                                    • Is not an economically significant                  objections to this direct final rule are              from the New Jersey Department of
                                                  regulatory action based on health or                    encouraged to file a comment in                       Environmental Protection (NJDEP) for
                                                  safety risks subject to Executive Order                 response to the parallel notice of                    delegation of authority to implement
                                                  13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997);                    proposed rulemaking for this action                   and enforce the Federal plan for Sewage
                                                    • Is not a significant regulatory action              published in the proposed rules section               Sludge Incineration (SSI) units. On
                                                  subject to Executive Order 13211 (66 FR                 of this issue of the Federal Register,                April 29, 2016, the EPA promulgated
                                                  28355, May 22, 2001);                                   rather than file an immediate petition                the Federal plan for SSI units to fulfill
                                                    • Is not subject to requirements of                   for judicial review of this direct final              the requirements of the Clean Air Act.
                                                  section 12(d) of the National                           rule, so that EPA can withdraw this                   The Federal plan addresses the
                                                  Technology Transfer and Advancement                     direct final rule and address the                     implementation and enforcement of the
                                                  Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 note) because                comment in the proposed rulemaking                    emission guidelines applicable to
                                                  application of those requirements would                 action.                                               existing SSI units located in areas not
                                                  be inconsistent with the CAA; and                         This action approving West Virginia                 covered by an approved and currently
                                                    • Does not provide EPA with the                       SIP revision submittals to remove                     effective state plan. The Federal plan
                                                  discretionary authority to address, as                  obsolete CAIR annual trading program                  imposes emission limits and other
                                                  appropriate, disproportionate human                     provisions may not be challenged later                control requirements for existing
                                                  health or environmental effects, using                  in proceedings to enforce its                         affected SSI facilities which will reduce
                                                  practicable and legally permissible                     requirements. (See section 307(b)(2)).                designated pollutants.
                                                  methods, under Executive Order 12898                                                                             On January 24, 2017, the NJDEP
                                                  (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).                        List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52                    signed a Memorandum of Agreement
                                                    In addition, this rule removing West                    Environmental protection, Air                       which is intended to be the mechanism
                                                  Virginia regulations 45CSR39 and                        pollution control, Incorporation by                   for the transfer of authority between the
                                                  45CSR41 from the West Virginia SIP                      reference, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone,                   EPA and the NJDEP and defines the
                                                  does not have tribal implications as                    Particulate matter, Reporting and                     policies, responsibilities and procedures
                                                  specified by Executive Order 13175 (65                  recordkeeping requirements, Sulfur                    pursuant to the Federal plan for existing
                                                  FR 67249, November 9, 2000), because                    oxides.                                               SSI units.
                                                  the SIP is not approved to apply in                       Dated: September 11, 2017.                          DATES: This rule will be effective
                                                  Indian country located in the state, and                Cecil Rodrigues,                                      October 25, 2017.
                                                  EPA notes that it will not impose                                                                             ADDRESSES: The EPA has established a
                                                                                                          Acting Regional Administrator, Region III.
                                                  substantial direct costs on tribal                                                                            docket for this action under Docket ID
                                                  governments or preempt tribal law.                          40 CFR part 52 is amended as follows:
                                                                                                                                                                No. EPA–R02–OAR–2017–0132. All
                                                  B. Submission to Congress and the                       PART 52—APPROVAL AND                                  documents in the docket are listed on
                                                  Comptroller General                                     PROMULGATION OF                                       the www.regulations.gov Web site.
                                                     The Congressional Review Act, 5                      IMPLEMENTATION PLANS                                  Although listed in the index, some
                                                  U.S.C. 801 et seq., as added by the Small                                                                     information is not publicly available,
                                                                                                          ■ 1. The authority citation for part 52               e.g., Confidential Business Information
                                                  Business Regulatory Enforcement
                                                                                                          continues to read as follows:                         or other information whose disclosure is
                                                  Fairness Act of 1996, generally provides
                                                  that before a rule may take effect, the                     Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.                 restricted by statute. Certain other
                                                  agency promulgating the rule must                                                                             material, such as copyrighted material,
                                                  submit a rule report, which includes a                  Subpart XX—West Virginia                              is not placed on the Internet and will be
                                                  copy of the rule, to each House of the                                                                        publicly available only in hard copy
                                                                                                          § 52.2520    [Amended]
                                                  Congress and to the Comptroller General                                                                       form. Publicly available docket
                                                                                                          ■ 2. In § 52.2520, the first table in                 materials are available either
                                                  of the United States. EPA will submit a
                                                                                                          paragraph (c) is amended by:                          electronically through
                                                  report containing this action and other                 ■ a. Removing the table heading and the
                                                  required information to the U.S. Senate,                                                                      www.regulations.gov, or please contact
                                                                                                          entries for ‘‘[45 CSR] Series 39’’.                   the person identified in the FOR FURTHER
                                                  the U.S. House of Representatives, and                  ■ b. Removing the table heading and the               INFORMATION CONTACT section for
                                                  the Comptroller General of the United                   entries for ‘‘[45 CSR] Series 41’’.
                                                  States prior to publication of the rule in                                                                    additional availability information.
                                                                                                          [FR Doc. 2017–20341 Filed 9–22–17; 8:45 am]           FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
                                                  the Federal Register. A major rule
                                                  cannot take effect until 60 days after it               BILLING CODE 6560–50–P                                Anthony (Ted) Gardella, Environmental
                                                  is published in the Federal Register.                                                                         Protection Agency, 290 Broadway, New
                                                  This action is not a ‘‘major rule’’ as                                                                        York, New York 10007–1866, at (212)
                                                                                                          ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION                              637–3892, or by email at
                                                  defined by 5 U.S.C. 804.                                AGENCY                                                gardella.anthony@epa.gov.
                                                  C. Petitions for Judicial Review
                                                                                                          40 CFR Part 62                                        SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
                                                     Under section 307(b)(1) of the CAA,
asabaliauskas on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with RULES




                                                  petitions for judicial review of this                   [EPA–R02–OAR–2017–0132; FRL–9968–13–                  I. What action is the EPA taking today?
                                                  action must be filed in the United States               Region 2]                                               The EPA is approving the NJDEP’s
                                                  Court of Appeals for the appropriate                                                                          request for delegation of authority to
                                                                                                          Approval and Promulgation of Plans
                                                  circuit by November 24, 2017. Filing a                                                                        implement and enforce a Federal plan
                                                                                                          for Designated Facilities; New Jersey;
                                                  petition for reconsideration by the                                                                           and to adhere to the terms and
                                                                                                          Delegation of Authority
                                                  Administrator of this final rule does not                                                                     conditions prescribed in the
                                                  affect the finality of this action for the              AGENCY:     Environmental Protection                  Memorandum of Agreement (MOA)
                                                  purposes of judicial review nor does it                 Agency.                                               signed between the EPA and the NJDEP,


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Document Created: 2018-10-24 14:43:18
Document Modified: 2018-10-24 14:43:18
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionRules and Regulations
ActionDirect final rule.
DatesThis rule is effective on December 26, 2017 without further notice, unless EPA receives adverse written comment by October 25, 2017. If EPA receives such comments, it will publish a timely withdrawal of the direct final rule in the Federal Register and inform the public that the rule will not take effect.
ContactMarilyn Powers, (215) 814-2308, or by email at [email protected]
FR Citation82 FR 44525 
CFR AssociatedEnvironmental Protection; Air Pollution Control; Incorporation by Reference; Nitrogen Dioxide; Ozone; Particulate Matter; Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements and Sulfur Oxides

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