82 FR 44999 - Arms Sales Notification

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
Office of the Secretary

Federal Register Volume 82, Issue 186 (September 27, 2017)

The Department of Defense is publishing the unclassified text of an arms sales notification.

[Federal Register Volume 82, Number 186 (Wednesday, September 27, 2017)]
[Notices]
[Pages 44999-45005]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2017-20707]


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DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE

Office of the Secretary

[Transmittal No. 16-59]


Arms Sales Notification

AGENCY: Defense Security Cooperation Agency, Department of Defense.

ACTION: Arms sales notice.

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SUMMARY: The Department of Defense is publishing the unclassified text 
of an arms sales notification.

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FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Pamela Young, (703) 697-9107, 
[email protected] or Kathy Valadez, (703) 697-9217, 
[email protected]; DSCA/DSA-RAN.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This 36(b)(1) arms sales notification is 
published to fulfill the requirements of section 155 of Public Law 104-
164 dated July 21, 1996. The following is a copy of a letter to the 
Speaker of the House of Representatives, Transmittal 16-59 with 
attached Policy Justification.

    Dated: September 22, 2017.
Aaron Siegel,
Alternate OSD Federal Register Liaison Officer, Department of Defense.

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[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN27SE17.000


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Transmittal No. 16-59
Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to Section 
36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as amended
    (i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Bahrain
    (ii) Total Estimated Value:

Major Defense Equipment *...............  $ 406 million
Other...................................  $ 676 million
                                         -------------------------------
  TOTAL.................................  $ 1.082 billion
 

    (iii) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or 
Services under Consideration for Purchase:
    Major Defense Equipment (MDE):

Twenty-three (23) F-110-GE-129 engines (includes 3 spares)
Twenty-three (23) APG-83 Active Electronically Scanned Array Radars 
(includes 3 spares)
Twenty-three (23) Modular Mission Computers (includes 3 spares)
Twenty-three (23) Embedded Global Navigation Systems/LN260 EGI 
(includes 3 spares)
Forty (40) LAU-129 Launchers
Twenty-three (23) Improved Programmable Display Generators (iPDG)
Twenty-five (25) AN/AAQ-33 SNIPER Pods (MDE Determination Pending)
Two (2) AIM-9X Sidewinder Missiles
Two (2) AGM-88B/C High-Speed Anti-Radiation Missiles (HARM)
Two (2) WGU-43 Guidance Control Unit (GCU) (for GBU-24 Paveway III)
Two (2) BSU-84 Air Foil Group (AFG) (for GBU-24 Paveway III)
Five (5) KMU-572 Joint Direct Attack Munition (JDAM) Tailkits (for GBU-
38 JDAM and GBU-54 Laser JDAMs)
Two (2) GBU-39 Small Diameter Bombs (SDB) Guided Test Vehicles
Two (2) AGM-84 Harpoon Missiles
Three (3) MAU-210 ECCG (for GBU-50 Enhanced Paveway II)
Three (3) BLU-109 Inert Bomb Bodies
Four (4) MK-82/BLU 111 Inert Bomb Bodies
Two (2) FMU 152 or FMU 139 Fuzes

    Non-MDE includes: One (1) Joint Mission Planning System, one (1) F-
16V simulator, twenty (20) AN/ALQ-211 AIDEWS systems, one (1) avionics 
level test station, six (6) DB-110 Advanced Reconnaissance Systems, two 
(2) LAU-118A Launchers, forty-five (45) AN/ARC-238 SINCGARS Radio or 
equivalent, twenty-three (23) AN/APX126 Advanced Identification Friend 
or Foe (AIFF) system or equivalent, twenty-three (23) cryptographic 
appliques, two (2) CATM-9L/M, two (2) AIM-120C-7 Advanced Medium Range 
Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM) Captive Air Training Missiles (CATM), three 
(3) MXU-651 AFG (for GBU-50 Enhanced Paveway II), four (4) DSU-38 
Precision Laser Guidance Sets (PLGS) (for GBU-54 Laser JDAM), four (4) 
AGM-154 Joint Standoff Weapon (JSOW) Captive Flight Vehicles (CFV), 
three (3) MK-84/BLU 117 Inert Bomb Bodies, two (2) FMU-152 D-1 Inert 
Fuzes, three (3) BRU-57 Bomb Racks, two (2) BRU-61 Bomb Racks for SDB, 
two (2) ADU-890 SDB adapter cable for CMBRE, two (2) ADU-891 AMRAAM/AIM 
9X adapter cable for CMBRE, telemetry for all flight test assets, 
secure communications equipment, spares and repair parts, support 
equipment, personnel training and training equipment, publications and 
technical documentation, U.S. Government and contractor technical 
support services, containers, missile support and test equipment, 
integration test, site survey, design, construction studies/analyses/
services, cybersecurity, critical computer resources support, force 
protection and other related elements of logistics and program support.
    (iv) Military Department: Air Force (X7-D-QAU)
    (v) Prior Related Cases, if any:

FMS Case BA-D-SGA--$330.9 million--21 Apr 87
FMS Case BA-D-SGG--$234.9 million--20 Feb 98

    (vi) Sales Commission, Fee, etc. Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be 
Paid: None
    (vii) Sensitivity of Technology Contained in the Defense Articles 
or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: See Attached Annex
    (viii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: September 8, 2017
    * As defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act.

POLICY JUSTIFICATION

Government of Bahrain--Upgrade of F-16 Block 40 Aircraft to F-16V 
Configuration

    The Government of Bahrain requested to upgrade its existing twenty 
(20) F-16 Block 40 aircraft to the F-16V configuration. The requested 
sale comprises of twenty-three (23) F-110-GE-129 engines (includes 3 
spares); twenty-three (23) APG-83 Active Electronically Scanned Array 
Radars (includes 3 spares); twenty-three (23) Modular Mission Computers 
(includes 3 spares); twenty-three (23) Embedded Global Navigation 
Systems/LN260 EGI (includes 3 spares); twenty-three (23) Improved 
Programmable Display Generators (iPDGs) (includes 3 spares); forty (40) 
LAU-129 launchers; twenty-five (25) AN/AAQ-33 SNIPER Pods; two (2) AIM-
9X Sidewinder Missiles; two (2) AGM-88 High-speed Anti-Radiation 
Missiles (HARM); two (2) WGU-43 Guidance Control Unit (GBU) Guidance 
Control Unit (GCU) (for GBU-24 Paveway III); two (2) BSU-84 Air Foil 
Group (AFG) (for GBU-24 Paveway III); five (5) KMU-572 Joint Direct 
Attack Munition (JDAM) Tailkits (for GBU-38 JDAM and GBU-54 Laser 
JDAM); two (2) GBU-39 Small Diameter Bombs (SDB) Guided Test Vehicles 
(GTV); two (2) AGM-84 Harpoon Exercise Missiles; three (3) MAU-210 ECCG 
(for GBU-50 Enhanced Paveway II); three (3) BLU-109 Inert Bomb Bodies; 
four (4) MK-82/BLU-111 Inert Bomb Bodies; and two (2) GMU-152 or FMU-
139 Fuzes.
    This sale also includes one (1) Joint Mission Planning System, one 
(1) F-16V simulator, twenty (20) AN/ALQ-211 AIDEWS Systems, one (1) 
avionics level test station, six (6) DB-110 Advanced Reconnaissance 
Systems, two (2) LAU-118A Launchers, forty-five (45) AN/ARC-238 
SINCGARS Radio or equivalent, twenty-three (23) Advanced Identification 
Friend or Foe (AIFF) systems or equivalent; twenty-three (23) 
cryptographic appliques; two (2) CATM-9L/M, two (2) AIM-120C-7 Advanced 
Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM) Captive Air Training Missiles 
(CATM), three (3) MXU-651 AFG (for GBU-50 Enhanced Paveway II), four 
(4) DSU-38 Precision Laser Guidance sets (PLGS) (for GBU-54 Laser 
JDAM), four (4) AGM-154 Joint Stand-Off Weapon (JSOW) Captive Flight 
Vehicles (CFV), three (3) MK-84/BLU-117 Inert Bomb Bodies, two (2) FMU-
152 D-1 Inert Fuzes, three (3) BRU-57 Bomb Racks, two (2) BRU-61 Bomb 
Racks for SDB, two (2) ADU-890 SDB adapter cable for CMBRE, two (2) 
ADU-891 AMRAAM/AIM-9X adapter cable for CMBRE, Telemetry for all flight 
test assets secure communication equipment, spares and repair parts, 
support equipment, personnel training and training equipment, 
publications and technical documentation, U.S. Government and 
contractor technical support services, containers, missile support and 
test equipment, integration test, site survey, design, construction 
studies/analyses/services, associate operations, maintenance, training, 
support facilities, cybersecurity, critical computer resources support, 
force protection, and other related elements of logistics and program 
support. The total estimated program cost is $1.082 billion.
    This proposed sale will contribute to the foreign policy and 
national security of the United States by helping to improve the 
security of a major Non-NATO ally which has been and continues to be an 
important security partner in the region. Our mutual defense interests 
anchor our relationship and the Royal Bahraini Air

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Force (RBAF) plays a significant role in Bahrain's defense.
    The proposed sale improves Bahrain's capability to meet current and 
future threats. Bahrain will use this capability as a deterrent to 
regional threats and to strengthen its homeland defense. The upgraded 
F-16Vs will provide an increase in the capability of existing aircraft 
to sustain operations, meet training requirements, and support 
transition training for pilots to the upgraded aircraft. This upgrade 
will improve interoperability with U.S. forces and other regional 
allies. Bahrain will have no difficulty absorbing this upgrade into its 
armed forces.
    The proposed sale will not affect the basic military balance in the 
region.
    The prime contractor will be Lockheed Martin. There are no known 
offset agreements proposed in connection with this potential sale.
    Implementation of this proposed sale will require the assignment of 
at least five (5) additional U.S. Government representatives to 
Bahrain.
    There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness as a 
result of this proposed sale.
Transmittal No. 16-59
Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to Section 
36(b)( 1) of the Arms Export Control Act
Annex
Item No. vii
    (vii) Sensitivity of Technology:
    1. This sale will involve the release of sensitive technology to 
Bahrain. The F-16V weapon system is UNCLASSIFIED, except as noted 
below. The aircraft utilizes the F-16C/D airframe and features advanced 
avionics and systems. It contains the General Electric F-110-GE-129 
engine, AN/APG-83 Active Electronically Scanned Array Radars, digital 
flight control system, internal and external electronic warfare 
equipment, AN/APX126 Advanced Identification Friend of Foe (AIFF), 
LN260 Embedded GPS/INS (EGI), Modular Mission Computers (MMC), improved 
Programmable Display Generators (iPDG), AN/AAQ-33 SNIPER Pods, 
Multifuncation Information Distribution System Joint Tactical Radio 
System (MIDS-JTRS), operational flight trainer, and software computer 
programs.
    2. Sensitive and/or classified (up to SECRET) elements of the 
proposed F-16V include hardware, accessories, components, and 
associated software: AN/APX126 Advanced Identification Friend or Foe 
(AIFF), cryptographic appliques, Secure communication equipment, Joint 
Mission Planning System, F-16V Simulator, AN/ALQ- 211 AIDEWS Pods, 
Avionics Level Test Station, DB-110 Advanced Reconnaissance Systems, 
LAU-118A Launchers, and F-110-GE-129 engine. Additional sensitive areas 
include operating manuals and maintenance technical orders containing 
performance information, operating and test procedures, and other 
information related to support operations and repair. The hardware, 
software, and data identified are classified to protect 
vulnerabilities, design and performance parameters and other similar 
critical information.
    3. The AN/APG-83 is an Active Electronically Scanned Array (AESA) 
radar upgrade for the F-16. It includes higher processor power, higher 
transmission power, more sensitive receiver electronics, infrared 
signature and Advanced Interference Blanker Units, and Synthetic 
Aperture Radar (SAR), which creates higher-resolution ground maps from 
a greater distance than existing mechanically scanned array radars 
(e.g., APG-68). The upgrade features an increase in detection range of 
air targets, increases in processing speed and memory, as well as 
significant improvements in all modes. The highest classification of 
the radar is SECRET.
    4. AN/ALQ-211 Airborne Integrated Defensive Electronic Warfare 
Suite (AIDEWS) provides passive radar warning, wide spectrum RF 
jamming, and control and management of the entire Electronic Warfare 
(EW) system. The commercially developed system software and hardware is 
UNCLASSIFIED. The system is classified SECRET when loaded with a U.S. 
derived EW database, which will be provided.
    5. AN/ARC-238 SINCGARS Radio or equivalent is considered 
UNCLASSIFIED, but employs cryptographic technology that is classified 
SECRET. Classified elements include operating characteristics, 
parameters, technical data, and keying material.
    6. AN/APX-126 Advanced Identification Friend or Foe (AIFF) is a 
system capable of transmitting and interrogating Mode V and is 
supported by cryptographic appliques. It is UNCLASSIFIED unless/until 
Mode IV and/or Mode V operational evaluator parameters are loaded into 
the equipment. Classified elements of the AIFF system include software 
object code, operating characteristics, parameters, and technical data 
are SECRET.
    7. The Embedded GPS-INS (EGI) LN-260 is a sensor that combines GPS 
and inertial sensor inputs to provide accurate location information for 
navigation and targeting. The EGI LN-260 is UNCLASSIFIED. The GPS 
crypto variable keys needed for highest GPS accuracy are classified up 
to SECRET.
    8. The Modular Mission Computer (MMC) is the central computer for 
the F-16. As such it serves as the hub for all aircraft subsystems, 
avionics, and weapons. The hardware and software (Operational Flight 
Program--OFP) are classified up to SECRET.
    9. An Improved Programmable Display Generator (iPDG) will support 
the two color MFD's, allowing the pilot to set up to twelve display 
programs. One of them includes a color Horizontal Situation Display, 
which will be, provide the pilot with a God's eye view of the tactical 
situation. Inside is a 20MHz, 32-bit Intel 80960 Display Processor and 
a 256K battery-backed RAM system memory. The color graphics controller 
is based on the T.I. TMS34020 Raster Graphics Chipset. The IPDG also 
contains substantial growth capabilities including a high-speed 
Ethernet interface (10/100BaseT) and all the hardware necessary to 
support digital moving maps. The digital map function can be enabled by 
the addition of software. The hardware and software are UNCLASSIFIED.
    10. Joint Mission Planning System (JMPS) is a multi-platform PC-
based mission planning system. JMPS hardware is UNCLASSIFIED, but the 
software is classified up to SECRET.
    11. DB-110 is a tactical airborne reconnaissance system. This 
capability permits reconnaissance missions to be conducted from very 
short range to long range by day or night. It is an under-the-weather, 
podded system that produces high resolution, dual-band electro-optical 
and infrared imagery. The DB-110 system is UNCLASSIFIED.
    12. The SNIPER (AN/AAQ-33) targeting system is UNCLASSIFIED and 
contains technology representing the latest state-of-the-art in in 
electro-optical clarity and haze, and low light targeting capability. 
Information on performance and inherent vulnerabilities is classified 
SECRET. Software (object code) is classified CONFIDENTIAL. Overall 
system classification is SECRET.
    13. The AIM-120C-7 Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile 
(AMRAAM) Captive Air Training Missiles (CATM) is a supersonic, air 
launched, aerial intercept, guided missile featuring digital technology 
and micro-miniature solid-state electronics. The missile employs active 
radar target tacking, proportional navigation guidance, and active 
Radio Frequency

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target detection. It can be launched day or night, in any weather and 
increases pilot survivability by allowing the pilot to disengage after 
missile launch and engage other targets. AMRAAM capabilities include 
lookdown/shootdown, multiple launches against multiple targets, 
resistance to electronic countermeasures, and interception of high- and 
low-flying maneuvering targets. The AMRAAM AUR is classified 
CONFIDENTIAL, major components and subsystems range from UNCLASSIFIED 
to CONFIDENTIAL, and technical data and other documentation are 
classified up to SECRET.
    14. AIM-9X Sidewinder missile is an air-to-air guided missile that 
employs a passive infrared (IR) target acquisition system that features 
digital technology and micro-miniature solid-state electronics. The 
AIM-9X tactical and CATM guidance units are subsets of the overall 
missile and were recently designated as MDE. The AIM-9X is 
CONFIDENTIAL, Major components and subsystems range from UNCLASSIFIED 
to CONFIDENTIAL, and technical data and other documentation are 
classified up to SECRET. The overall system classification is SECRET.
    The AIM-9X is launched from the aircraft using a LAU-129 guided 
missile launcher (currently in country inventory). The LAU-129 provides 
mechanical and electrical interface between missile and aircraft. The 
LAU-129 system is UNCLASSIFIED.
    15. AGM-88B/C HARM is an air-to-ground missile designed to destroy 
or suppress enemy radars used for air defense. HARM has wide frequency 
coverage, is target reprogrammable in flight, and has a reprogrammable 
threat library. Hardware and software for the system is classified 
SECRET and ballistics data is CONFIDENTIAL. The overall system 
classification is SECRET.
    The AGM-88 is launched from the aircraft using a LAU-118A guided 
missile launcher.
    The LAU-118A provides mechanical and electrical interface between 
missile and aircraft.
    The LAU-118A system is UNCLASSIFIED.
    16. GBU-10/12: 2,000-lb (GBU-10) and 500-lb (GBU-12) laser-guided 
bombs (LGBs). The LGB is a maneuverable, free-fall weapon that guides 
on laser energy reflected off of the target. The LGB is delivered like 
a normal general purpose warhead and the laser guidance guides the 
weapon into the target. Laser designation for the weapon can be 
provided by a variety of laser target designators. The LGB consists of 
a laser guidance kit, a computer control group and a warhead specific 
air foil group, that attach to the nose and tail of Mk 84, Mk 82 bomb 
bodies.
    a. The GBU-10: This is a 2,000lb (BLU-117 B/B or Mk 84) General 
Purpose (GP) guided bomb fitted with the MXU-651 airfoil and the MAU-
169 or MAU-209 computer control group to guide to its laser designated 
target.
    b. The GBU-12: This is a 500lb (BLU-111/B or Mk-82) guided bomb 
fitted with the MXU- 650 airfoil and the MAU-169 or MAU 209 computer 
control group to guide to its laser designated target. The weapon 
components are UNCLASSIFIED. Some technical data and vulnerabilities/
countermeasures are SECRET. The overall weapons classification is 
SECRET.
    17. GBU-31 and GBU-38 are 2000lb/500lb Joint Direct Attack 
Munitions (JDAM).
    JDAM is a guidance kit that converts existing unguided free-fall 
bombs into precision-guided ``smart'' munitions. By adding a new tail 
section containing Inertial Navigation System (INS) guidance/Global 
Positioning System (GPS) guidance to existing inventories of BLU-109, 
BLU-111 and BLU-117 or Mk-84 and Mk-82 bombs, the cost effective JDAM 
provides highly accurate weapon delivery in any ``flyable'' weather. 
The INS, using updates from the GPS, helps guide the bomb to the target 
via the use of movable tail fins. The JDAM and all of its components 
are UNCLASSIFIED, technical data for JDAM is classified up to SECRET.
    JDAMs use the Global Positioning System (GPS) Precise Positioning 
System (PPS), which provides for a more accurate capability than the 
commercial version of GPS.
    18. GBU-49 and GBU-50 are 500lb/2000lb dual mode laser and GPS 
guided munitions respectively. The GBU-49/50 use airfoil groups similar 
to those used on the GBU-12 and GBU-10 for inflight maneuverability. 
Weapons components are UNCLASSIFIED. Technical data and 
countermeasures/vulnerabilities are SECRET. The overall system 
classification is SECRET.
    GBU-49/50s use the GPS PPS, which provides for a more accurate 
capability than the commercial version of GPS.
    19. GBU-54/56 are the 500lb/2000lb Laser JDAM (Joint Direct Attack 
Munitions): These weapons use the DSU-38/B/DSU-40 laser Sensor 
respectively and use both Global Position System aided inertial 
navigations and/or laser guidance to execute threat targets. The laser 
sensor enhances standard JDAM's reactive target capability by allowing 
rapid prosecution of fixed targets with large initial target location 
errors (TLE). The DSU-38/B Laser sensor also provides the additional 
capability to engage mobile targets. The addition of the DSU-38 laser 
sensor combined with additional cabling and mounting hardware turns a 
GBU-38 JDAM into a GBU-54 Laser JDAM. The addition of the DSU-40 laser 
sensor combined with additional cabling and mounting hardware turns a 
GBU-31 JDAM into a GBU-56 Laser JDAM. Weapons components are 
UNCLASSIFIED. Technical data and countermeasures/vulnerabilities are 
SECRET. The overall system classification is SECRET.
    Laser JDAMs use the GPS PPS, which provides for a more accurate 
capability than the commercial version of GPS.
    20. GBU-39 Small Diameter Bomb (SDB): The GBU-39 small diameter 
bomb (SDB) is a 250-lb class precision guided munition that allows 
aircraft with an ability to carry a high number of bombs. The weapon 
offers day or night, adverse weather, precision engagement capability 
against pre-planned fixed or stationary soft, non-hardened, and 
hardened targets, with a significant standoff range. Aircraft are able 
to carry four SDBs in place of one 2,000-lb bomb. The SDB is equipped 
with a GPS-aided inertial navigation system to attack fixed, stationary 
targets such as fuel depots and bunkers. The SDB and all of its 
components are UNCLASSIFIED; technical data is classified up to SECRET.
    SDBs use the GPS PPS, which provides for a more accurate capability 
than the commercial version of GPS.
    21. The GBU-24 Paveway III is a 2000lb class low level laser guided 
munition that can be employed at high, medium, and low altitudes. GBU-
24 components are UNCLASSIFIED. Target designation tactics and 
associated aircraft maneuvers, the probability of destroying specific/
peculiar targets, vulnerabilities regarding countermeasures, and the 
electromagnetic environment is classified SECRET.
    22. The AGM-154 is a family of low-cost standoff weapons that are 
modular in design and incorporate either a sub-munition or a unitary 
warhead. Potential targets for Joint Standoff Weapon (JSOW) range from 
soft targets, such as troop concentration, to hardened point targets 
like bunkers. The AGM-154C is a penetrator weapon that carries a BROACH 
warhead and pay load. The AGM-154 hardware, software and maintenance 
data is UNCLASSIFIED. Vulnerabilities and countermeasures are 
classified up to

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SECRET. Overall system classification is SECRET.
    The AGM-154 uses the GPS PPS, which provides for a more accurate 
capability than the commercial version of GPS.
    23. The AGM-84L-1 Harpoon is a non-nuclear tactical weapon system 
currently in service in the U.S. Navy and in 28 other foreign nations. 
It provides a day, night, and adverse weather, standoff air-to-surface 
capability. Harpoon Block II is a follow on to the Harpoon missile that 
is no longer in production. Harpoon Block II is an effective Anti-
Surface Warfare missile.
    The AGM-84L-1 incorporates components, software, and technical 
design information that are considered sensitive. These elements are 
essential to the ability of the Harpoon missile to selectively engage 
hostile targets under a wide range of operational, tactical and 
environmental conditions. The following Harpoon components being 
conveyed by the proposed sale that are considered sensitive and are 
classified CONFIDENTIAL include: IIR seeker, INS, OPP software and, 
missile operational characteristics and performance data. The overall 
system classification is SECRET.
    24. M61A l 20mm Vulcan Cannon: The 20mm Vulcan cannon is a six 
barreled automatic cannon chambered in 20x120mm with a cyclic rate of 
fire from 2,500-6,000 shots per minute. This weapon is a hydraulically 
powered air cooled Gatlin gun used to damage/destroy aerial targets, 
suppress/incapacitate personnel targets, and damage or destroy moving 
and stationary light materiel targets. The M61Al and its components are 
UNCLASSIFIED.
    25. Software, hardware, and other data/information, which is 
classified or sensitive, is reviewed prior to release to protect system 
vulnerabilities, design data, and performance parameters. Some end-item 
hardware, software, and other data identified above are classified at 
the CONFIDENTIAL and SECRET level. Potential compromise of these 
systems is controlled through management of the basic software programs 
of highly sensitive systems and software-controlled weapon systems on a 
case-by-case basis.
    26. If a technologically advanced adversary were to obtain 
knowledge of the specific hardware or software source code in this 
proposed sale, the information could be used to develop countermeasures 
which might reduce weapon system effectiveness or be used in the 
development of systems with similar or advance capabilities.
    27. This sale is necessary in furtherance of the U.S. foreign 
policy and national security objectives outlined in the Policy 
Justification. Moreover, the benefits to be derived from this sale, as 
outlined in the Policy Justification, outweigh the potential damage 
that could result if the sensitive technology were revealed to 
unauthorized persons.
    28. A determination has been made that the recipient country can 
provide substantially the same degree of protection for the sensitive 
technology being released as the U.S. Government.
    29. This sale is necessary in furtherance of the U.S. foreign 
policy and national security objectives outlined in the Policy 
Justification.
    30. All defense articles and services listed in this transmittal 
are authorized for release and export to the Government of Bahrain.

[FR Doc. 2017-20707 Filed 9-26-17; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 5001-06-P