82_FR_50791 82 FR 50581 - Special Conditions: The Boeing Company Model 777-8 and 777-9 Airplanes; Folding Wingtips

82 FR 50581 - Special Conditions: The Boeing Company Model 777-8 and 777-9 Airplanes; Folding Wingtips

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration

Federal Register Volume 82, Issue 210 (November 1, 2017)

Page Range50581-50583
FR Document2017-23698

This action proposes special conditions for Boeing Model 777-8 and 777-9 airplanes. These airplanes will have a novel or unusual design feature when compared to the state of technology envisioned in the airworthiness standards for transport-category airplanes. This design feature is folding wingtips. The applicable airworthiness regulations do not contain adequate or appropriate safety standards for this design feature. These proposed special conditions contain the additional safety standards that the Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of safety equivalent to that established by the existing airworthiness standards.

Federal Register, Volume 82 Issue 210 (Wednesday, November 1, 2017)
[Federal Register Volume 82, Number 210 (Wednesday, November 1, 2017)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 50581-50583]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2017-23698]


========================================================================
Proposed Rules
                                                Federal Register
________________________________________________________________________

This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains notices to the public of 
the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these 
notices is to give interested persons an opportunity to participate in 
the rule making prior to the adoption of the final rules.

========================================================================


Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 210 / Wednesday, November 1, 2017 / 
Proposed Rules

[[Page 50581]]



DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration

14 CFR Part 25

[Docket No. FAA-2017-0636; Notice No. 25-17-02-SC]


Special Conditions: The Boeing Company Model 777-8 and 777-9 
Airplanes; Folding Wingtips

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION: Notice of proposed special conditions.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: This action proposes special conditions for Boeing Model 777-8 
and 777-9 airplanes. These airplanes will have a novel or unusual 
design feature when compared to the state of technology envisioned in 
the airworthiness standards for transport-category airplanes. This 
design feature is folding wingtips. The applicable airworthiness 
regulations do not contain adequate or appropriate safety standards for 
this design feature. These proposed special conditions contain the 
additional safety standards that the Administrator considers necessary 
to establish a level of safety equivalent to that established by the 
existing airworthiness standards.

DATES: Send your comments on or before December 18, 2017.

ADDRESSES: Send comments identified by docket number FAA-2017-0636 
using any of the following methods:
     Federal eRegulations Portal: Go to http://www.regulations.gov/ and follow the online instructions for sending 
your comments electronically.
     Mail: Send comments to Docket Operations, M-30, U.S. 
Department of Transportation (DOT), 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Room 
W12-140, West Building Ground Floor, Washington, DC 20590-0001.
     Hand Delivery or Courier: Take comments to Docket 
Operations in Room W12-140 of the West Building Ground Floor at 1200 
New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., 
Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.
     Fax: Fax comments to Docket Operations at 202-493-2251.
    Privacy: The FAA will post all comments it receives, without 
change, to http://www.regulations.gov/, including any personal 
information the commenter provides. Using the search function of the 
docket Web site, anyone can find and read the electronic form of all 
comments received into any FAA docket, including the name of the 
individual sending the comment (or signing the comment for an 
association, business, labor union, etc.). DOT's complete Privacy Act 
Statement can be found in the Federal Register published on April 11, 
2000 (65 FR 19477-19478).
    Docket: Background documents or comments received may be read at 
http://www.regulations.gov/ at any time. Follow the online instructions 
for accessing the docket or go to Docket Operations in Room W12-140 of 
the West Building Ground Floor at 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., 
Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, 
except Federal holidays.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ian Won, FAA, Airframe and Cabin 
Safety Section, AIR-675, Policy and Innovation Division, Transport 
Standards Branch, Aircraft Certification Service, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., 
Renton, Washington 98057-3356; telephone 425-227-2145; facsimile 425-
227-1360.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Comments Invited

    We invite interested people to take part in this rulemaking by 
sending written comments, data, or views. The most helpful comments 
reference a specific portion of the special conditions, explain the 
reason for any recommended change, and include supporting data.
    We will consider all comments we receive by the closing date for 
comments. We may change these special conditions based on the comments 
we receive.

Background

    On April 19, 2017 (for the Model 777-8 airplane), and May 12, 2015 
(for the 777-9 airplane), Boeing applied for an amendment to Type 
Certificate (TC) No. T00001SE to include the new Model 777-8 and 777-9 
airplanes. These airplanes are constructed with new carbon-fiber-
reinforced plastic (CFRP) wings with folding wingtips.
    The Model 777-9 airplane, a derivative of the Model 777-300ER 
airplane currently approved under TC No. T00001SE, is a stretched-
fuselage, large, twin-engine airplane with seating for 408 passengers 
and a maximum takeoff weight of 775,000 pounds.
    The Model 777-8 airplane, a shortened-body derivative of the Model 
777-9 airplane, is a large, twin-engine airplane with seating for 359 
passengers and a maximum takeoff weight of 775,000 pounds.

Type Certification Basis

    Under the provisions of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 
CFR) 21.101, Boeing must show that the Model 777-8 and 777-9 airplanes 
meet the applicable provisions of the regulations listed in TC No. 
T00001SE, or the applicable regulations in effect on the date of 
application for the change, except for earlier amendments as agreed 
upon by the FAA.
    If the Administrator finds that the applicable airworthiness 
regulations (i.e., 14 CFR part 25) do not contain adequate or 
appropriate safety standards for the Model 777-8 and 777-9 airplanes 
because of a novel or unusual design feature, special conditions are 
prescribed under the provisions of Sec.  21.16.
    Special conditions are initially applicable to the model for which 
they are issued. Should the type certificate for that model be amended 
later to include any other model that incorporates the same novel or 
unusual design feature, or should any other model already included on 
the same type certificate be modified to incorporate the same novel or 
unusual design feature, these special conditions would also apply to 
the other model under Sec.  21.101.
    In addition to the applicable airworthiness regulations and special 
conditions, the Model 777-8 and 777-9 airplanes must comply with the 
fuel-vent and exhaust-emission requirements of 14 CFR part 34, and the 
noise-certification requirements of 14 CFR part 36.
    The FAA issues special conditions, as defined in 14 CFR 11.19, in 
accordance with Sec.  11.38, and they become part of

[[Page 50582]]

the type certification basis under Sec.  21.101.

Novel or Unusual Design Features

    The Model 777-8 and 777-9 airplanes will incorporate the following 
novel or unusual design features: CFRP wings with folding wingtips.
    Boeing proposes to incorporate this on-ground wingtip-fold 
capability to reduce the wingspan from 235 to 212 feet when folded. 
These folding wingtips, when extended into the flight-deployed 
position, provide improved aerodynamic performance and efficiency, and 
comply with Code E \1\ gate compatibility when folded during ground 
operations.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ A Code E gate is designed to accommodate aircraft wingspans 
between 170.6 ft. (52m) and 213.3 ft. (65m), and outer main-gear 
wheel spans between 29.5 ft. (9m) and 45.9 ft. (14m). Boeing 777 
airplanes are in this gate-code category.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Discussion

    Boeing proposes adding folding wingtips to their Model 777-8 and 
777-9 airplane wings to improve aerodynamic performance and efficiency 
when the wingtips are extended into the flight-deployed position, while 
maintaining Code E gate compatibility when folded during ground 
operations. This wing-folding feature will be operable on the ground 
only. Boeing has no plan to carry fuel in the folding sections of the 
wings.
    Boeing has determined that a catastrophic event could occur if the 
777-8 and 777-9 airplane wingtips are not properly positioned and 
secured for takeoff and during flight. In service, numerous takeoff 
operations with improper airplane configurations have occurred due to 
failures of the takeoff warning systems, or inadvertent crew actions. 
For these proposed special conditions, a parallel is drawn between 
taking off with gust locks engaged and taking off with the wingtips 
folded, as either condition could result in a catastrophic event. 
Consequently, the FAA has determined that the level of safety in 
protecting a misconfigured airplane from takeoff with wingtips folded 
should be the same as taking off with the gust locks engaged. 
Therefore, condition 2 of these proposed special conditions has the 
same intent as Sec.  25.679(a)(2). Per Sec.  25.1309, the applicant 
must show that such an event is extremely improbable, must not result 
from a single failure, and that appropriate alerting must be provided 
for the crew to manage unsafe system-operating conditions. In addition, 
the applicant must ensure that the wingtips are properly secured during 
ground operations to protect ground personnel against bodily injury.
    Factors to be considered when showing compliance to these proposed 
special conditions include, but are not limited to:
     With wingtips in the folded position, the conventional 
airplane-wingtip-position lights may have reduced visibility due to the 
upward position of the wingtips, possibly impacting ground-operation 
safety. Light placement may require special consideration to retain the 
current ground-operation safety, and mitigate any adverse impact this 
light position may have on pilot visibility during night-lighting 
conditions.
     Due to upward wingtip positioning on the ground, 
significant loads may be imposed by wind gusts combined with taxi speed 
during the transition from the unfolded to the folded position.
     The FAA issued Policy Statement No. PS-ANM-25-12, 
``Certification of Structural Elements in Flight Control Systems,'' to 
address structural elements in systems that act as both structure and 
as part of a system. This policy provides additional guidance on the 
appropriate application of the fatigue and damage-tolerance 
requirements of Sec.  25.571, and the system-safety requirements of 
Sec. Sec.  25.671 and 25.1309.
    These proposed special conditions contain the additional safety 
standards that the Administrator considers necessary to establish a 
level of safety equivalent to that established by the existing 
airworthiness standards.

Applicability

    As discussed above, these special conditions are applicable to 
Boeing Model 777-8 and 777-9 airplanes. Should Boeing apply at a later 
date for a change to the type certificate to include another model 
incorporating the same novel or unusual design feature, these special 
conditions would apply to that model as well.

Conclusion

    This action affects only a certain novel or unusual design feature 
on one model series of airplanes. It is not a rule of general 
applicability.

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25

    Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements.

    The authority citation for these special conditions is as follows:

    Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702, 44704.

The Proposed Special Conditions

    Accordingly, pursuant to the authority delegated to me by the 
Administrator, the following special conditions are issued as part of 
the type certification basis for Boeing Model 777-8 and 777-9 
airplanes.

    Note: The term ``latch'' refers to the mechanism that allows the 
wingtip to carry flight loads in the down (flight-deployed) 
position. The term ``lock'' refers to the mechanism that prevents 
disconnection of the latch when the wing tip is down.

    1. More than one means must be available to alert the flightcrew 
that the wingtips are not properly positioned and secured prior to 
takeoff. Each of these means must be unique in their wingtip-monitoring 
function. When meeting this condition, the applicant must add a 
function to the takeoff warning system, as required by Sec.  
25.703(a)(1) and (2), to warn of an unlocked or improperly positioned 
wingtip, including indication to the flightcrew when a wingtip is in 
the folded position during taxi.
    2. In addition to a takeoff warning in accordance with Sec.  
25.703, a means must be provided to prevent airplane takeoff if a 
wingtip is not properly positioned and secured for flight.
    3. The applicant must consider the effects of folding-wingtip 
freeplay when evaluating compliance to the design load requirements of 
14 CFR subpart C, and the aeroelastic stability (including flutter, 
divergence, control reversal, and any undue loss of stability and 
control as a result of structural deformation) requirements of Sec.  
25.629. Thus, the effects of normal wear, and other long-term 
durability conditions (such as corrosion) of the folding-wingtip 
operating mechanism on freeplay, and its impact on loads and 
aeroelastic stability, must be considered. Where freeplay limitations 
are required to ensure aeroelastic stability, acceptable freeplay 
limits and freeplay check procedures must be established. If 
lubrication is required to control excessive wear, lubrication 
intervals must be established. These procedures and limitations must be 
documented in accordance with Sec.  25.1529. The freeplay-check and 
mechanism-lubrication intervals, if required, must be documented as a 
certification maintenance requirement (CMR). Guidance for CMRs can be 
found in Advisory Circular 25-19A, ``Certification Maintenance 
Requirements.'' The effects of freeplay on wing-joint torsional and 
bending stiffness, as well as wing frequencies, must be evaluated when 
showing compliance to loads and aeroelastic stability requirements. 
Also, the effects of freeplay on fatigue and damage

[[Page 50583]]

tolerance must be considered when showing compliance with Sec.  25.571.
    4. The folding wingtips and their operating mechanism must be 
designed for 65 knot, horizontal, ground-gust conditions in any 
direction as specified in Sec.  25.415(a). Relevant design conditions 
must be defined using combinations of steady wind and taxi speeds 
determined by rational analysis utilizing airport wind data. The 
folding wingtip is not a control surface as specified in Sec.  
25.415(b)(c). Therefore, in lieu of the equation provided in Sec.  
25.415(b), the hinge moment may be calculated from rational wind-tunnel 
data. The 1.25 factor specified in Sec.  25.415(d) need not be applied 
to the portion of the system that is isolated in flight and is not 
critical for safe flight and landing. The folding-wingtip system must 
be designed for the conditions specified in Sec.  25.415(e), (f), and 
(g). Runway roughness, as specified in Sec.  25.491, must be evaluated 
separately up to the maximum relevant airplane ground speeds. All of 
the above conditions must be applied to the folding wingtips in the 
extended (flight-deployed), folded, and transient positions.
    5. The airplane must demonstrate acceptable handling qualities 
during rollout in a crosswind environment, as wingtips transition from 
the flight-deployed to folded position, as well as during the unlikely 
event of asymmetric wingtip folding.
    6. The wingtip-fold operating mechanism must have stops that 
positively limit the range of motion of the wingtips. Each stop must be 
designed to the requirements of Sec.  25.675.
    7. The wingtip hinge structure must be designed for inertia loads 
acting parallel to the hinge line. In the absence of more rational 
data, the inertia loads may be assumed to be equal to KW as referenced 
in Sec.  25.393. Hinge design must meet the requirements of Sec.  
25.657.
    8. In lieu of Sec.  25.1385(b): The forward position lights must be 
installed such that they consist of a red and a green light spaced 
laterally as far apart as practicable, and installed forward on the 
airplane, so that, with the airplane in the normal flying position and 
with the wingtips in the folded position for ground operations, the red 
light is on the left side and the green light is on the right side at 
approximately the level of the wingtips in the takeoff configuration. 
Each light must be approved and must meet the requirements of Sec.  
25.1385(a) and (d). The lights must not impair the vision of the 
flightcrew when the wingtips are in the folded and transient positions.
    9. The applicant must include design features that ensure the 
wingtips are properly secured during ground operations, to protect 
ground personnel from bodily injury as well as to prevent damage to the 
airframe, ground structure, and ground support equipment.
    10. The wingtips must have means to safeguard against unlocking 
from the extended, flight-deployed position in flight, as a result of 
failures, including the failure of any single structural element. All 
sources of airplane power that could initiate unlocking of the wingtips 
must be automatically isolated from the wingtip-fold operating system 
(including the latching and locking system) prior to flight, and it 
must not be possible to restore power to the system during flight. The 
wingtip latching and locking mechanisms must be designed so that, under 
all airplane flight-load conditions, no force or torque can unlatch or 
unlock the mechanisms. The latching system must include a means to 
secure the latches in the latched position, independent of the locking 
system. It must not be possible to position the lock in the locked 
position if the latches and the latching mechanisms are not in the 
latched position, and it must not be possible to unlatch the latches 
with the locks in the locked position.

    Issued in Renton, Washington, on October 25, 2017.
Victor Wicklund,
Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate, Policy and Innovation 
Division, Aircraft Certification Service.
[FR Doc. 2017-23698 Filed 10-31-17; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P



                                                                                                                                                                                                 50581

                                                  Proposed Rules                                                                                                Federal Register
                                                                                                                                                                Vol. 82, No. 210

                                                                                                                                                                Wednesday, November 1, 2017



                                                  This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER                    Avenue SE., Washington, DC, between 9                 777–8 and 777–9 airplanes. These
                                                  contains notices to the public of the proposed          a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through                       airplanes are constructed with new
                                                  issuance of rules and regulations. The                  Friday, except Federal holidays.                      carbon-fiber-reinforced plastic (CFRP)
                                                  purpose of these notices is to give interested             • Fax: Fax comments to Docket                      wings with folding wingtips.
                                                  persons an opportunity to participate in the            Operations at 202–493–2251.                             The Model 777–9 airplane, a
                                                  rule making prior to the adoption of the final
                                                                                                             Privacy: The FAA will post all                     derivative of the Model 777–300ER
                                                  rules.
                                                                                                          comments it receives, without change,                 airplane currently approved under TC
                                                                                                          to http://www.regulations.gov/,                       No. T00001SE, is a stretched-fuselage,
                                                  DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION                            including any personal information the                large, twin-engine airplane with seating
                                                                                                          commenter provides. Using the search                  for 408 passengers and a maximum
                                                  Federal Aviation Administration                         function of the docket Web site, anyone               takeoff weight of 775,000 pounds.
                                                                                                          can find and read the electronic form of                The Model 777–8 airplane, a
                                                  14 CFR Part 25                                          all comments received into any FAA                    shortened-body derivative of the Model
                                                                                                          docket, including the name of the                     777–9 airplane, is a large, twin-engine
                                                  [Docket No. FAA–2017–0636; Notice No. 25–
                                                  17–02–SC]
                                                                                                          individual sending the comment (or                    airplane with seating for 359 passengers
                                                                                                          signing the comment for an association,               and a maximum takeoff weight of
                                                  Special Conditions: The Boeing                          business, labor union, etc.). DOT’s                   775,000 pounds.
                                                  Company Model 777–8 and 777–9                           complete Privacy Act Statement can be
                                                                                                          found in the Federal Register published               Type Certification Basis
                                                  Airplanes; Folding Wingtips
                                                                                                          on April 11, 2000 (65 FR 19477–19478).                   Under the provisions of title 14, Code
                                                  AGENCY: Federal Aviation                                   Docket: Background documents or                    of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) 21.101,
                                                  Administration (FAA), DOT.                              comments received may be read at                      Boeing must show that the Model 777–
                                                  ACTION: Notice of proposed special                      http://www.regulations.gov/ at any time.              8 and 777–9 airplanes meet the
                                                  conditions.                                             Follow the online instructions for                    applicable provisions of the regulations
                                                                                                          accessing the docket or go to Docket                  listed in TC No. T00001SE, or the
                                                  SUMMARY:   This action proposes special                 Operations in Room W12–140 of the                     applicable regulations in effect on the
                                                  conditions for Boeing Model 777–8 and                   West Building Ground Floor at 1200                    date of application for the change,
                                                  777–9 airplanes. These airplanes will                   New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington,                    except for earlier amendments as agreed
                                                  have a novel or unusual design feature                  DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday                 upon by the FAA.
                                                  when compared to the state of                           through Friday, except Federal holidays.                 If the Administrator finds that the
                                                  technology envisioned in the                            FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ian                  applicable airworthiness regulations
                                                  airworthiness standards for transport-                  Won, FAA, Airframe and Cabin Safety                   (i.e., 14 CFR part 25) do not contain
                                                  category airplanes. This design feature                 Section, AIR–675, Policy and                          adequate or appropriate safety standards
                                                  is folding wingtips. The applicable                     Innovation Division, Transport                        for the Model 777–8 and 777–9
                                                  airworthiness regulations do not contain                Standards Branch, Aircraft Certification              airplanes because of a novel or unusual
                                                  adequate or appropriate safety standards                Service, 1601 Lind Avenue SW.,                        design feature, special conditions are
                                                  for this design feature. These proposed                 Renton, Washington 98057–3356;                        prescribed under the provisions of
                                                  special conditions contain the                          telephone 425–227–2145; facsimile                     § 21.16.
                                                  additional safety standards that the                    425–227–1360.                                            Special conditions are initially
                                                  Administrator considers necessary to                                                                          applicable to the model for which they
                                                                                                          SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
                                                  establish a level of safety equivalent to                                                                     are issued. Should the type certificate
                                                  that established by the existing                        Comments Invited                                      for that model be amended later to
                                                  airworthiness standards.                                                                                      include any other model that
                                                                                                            We invite interested people to take
                                                  DATES: Send your comments on or                         part in this rulemaking by sending                    incorporates the same novel or unusual
                                                  before December 18, 2017.                               written comments, data, or views. The                 design feature, or should any other
                                                  ADDRESSES: Send comments identified                     most helpful comments reference a                     model already included on the same
                                                  by docket number FAA–2017–0636                          specific portion of the special                       type certificate be modified to
                                                  using any of the following methods:                     conditions, explain the reason for any                incorporate the same novel or unusual
                                                     • Federal eRegulations Portal: Go to                 recommended change, and include                       design feature, these special conditions
                                                  http://www.regulations.gov/ and follow                  supporting data.                                      would also apply to the other model
                                                  the online instructions for sending your                  We will consider all comments we                    under § 21.101.
                                                  comments electronically.                                receive by the closing date for                          In addition to the applicable
                                                     • Mail: Send comments to Docket                      comments. We may change these special                 airworthiness regulations and special
                                                  Operations, M–30, U.S. Department of                    conditions based on the comments we                   conditions, the Model 777–8 and 777–
sradovich on DSK3GMQ082PROD with PROPOSALS




                                                  Transportation (DOT), 1200 New Jersey                   receive.                                              9 airplanes must comply with the fuel-
                                                  Avenue SE., Room W12–140, West                                                                                vent and exhaust-emission requirements
                                                  Building Ground Floor, Washington, DC                   Background                                            of 14 CFR part 34, and the noise-
                                                  20590–0001.                                               On April 19, 2017 (for the Model 777–               certification requirements of 14 CFR
                                                     • Hand Delivery or Courier: Take                     8 airplane), and May 12, 2015 (for the                part 36.
                                                  comments to Docket Operations in                        777–9 airplane), Boeing applied for an                   The FAA issues special conditions, as
                                                  Room W12–140 of the West Building                       amendment to Type Certificate (TC) No.                defined in 14 CFR 11.19, in accordance
                                                  Ground Floor at 1200 New Jersey                         T00001SE to include the new Model                     with § 11.38, and they become part of


                                             VerDate Sep<11>2014   17:05 Oct 31, 2017   Jkt 244001   PO 00000   Frm 00001   Fmt 4702   Sfmt 4702   E:\FR\FM\01NOP1.SGM   01NOP1


                                                  50582              Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 210 / Wednesday, November 1, 2017 / Proposed Rules

                                                  the type certification basis under                      operations to protect ground personnel                Administrator, the following special
                                                  § 21.101.                                               against bodily injury.                                conditions are issued as part of the type
                                                                                                            Factors to be considered when                       certification basis for Boeing Model
                                                  Novel or Unusual Design Features                        showing compliance to these proposed                  777–8 and 777–9 airplanes.
                                                     The Model 777–8 and 777–9 airplanes                  special conditions include, but are not                  Note: The term ‘‘latch’’ refers to the
                                                  will incorporate the following novel or                 limited to:                                           mechanism that allows the wingtip to carry
                                                  unusual design features: CFRP wings                       • With wingtips in the folded                       flight loads in the down (flight-deployed)
                                                  with folding wingtips.                                  position, the conventional airplane-                  position. The term ‘‘lock’’ refers to the
                                                     Boeing proposes to incorporate this                  wingtip-position lights may have                      mechanism that prevents disconnection of
                                                  on-ground wingtip-fold capability to                    reduced visibility due to the upward                  the latch when the wing tip is down.
                                                  reduce the wingspan from 235 to 212                     position of the wingtips, possibly
                                                  feet when folded. These folding                         impacting ground-operation safety.                       1. More than one means must be
                                                  wingtips, when extended into the flight-                Light placement may require special                   available to alert the flightcrew that the
                                                  deployed position, provide improved                     consideration to retain the current                   wingtips are not properly positioned
                                                  aerodynamic performance and                             ground-operation safety, and mitigate                 and secured prior to takeoff. Each of
                                                  efficiency, and comply with Code E 1                    any adverse impact this light position                these means must be unique in their
                                                  gate compatibility when folded during                   may have on pilot visibility during                   wingtip-monitoring function. When
                                                  ground operations.                                      night-lighting conditions.                            meeting this condition, the applicant
                                                                                                            • Due to upward wingtip positioning                 must add a function to the takeoff
                                                  Discussion                                              on the ground, significant loads may be               warning system, as required by
                                                     Boeing proposes adding folding                       imposed by wind gusts combined with                   § 25.703(a)(1) and (2), to warn of an
                                                  wingtips to their Model 777–8 and 777–                  taxi speed during the transition from the             unlocked or improperly positioned
                                                  9 airplane wings to improve                             unfolded to the folded position.                      wingtip, including indication to the
                                                  aerodynamic performance and                               • The FAA issued Policy Statement                   flightcrew when a wingtip is in the
                                                  efficiency when the wingtips are                        No. PS–ANM–25–12, ‘‘Certification of                  folded position during taxi.
                                                  extended into the flight-deployed                       Structural Elements in Flight Control                    2. In addition to a takeoff warning in
                                                  position, while maintaining Code E gate                 Systems,’’ to address structural elements             accordance with § 25.703, a means must
                                                  compatibility when folded during                        in systems that act as both structure and             be provided to prevent airplane takeoff
                                                  ground operations. This wing-folding                    as part of a system. This policy provides             if a wingtip is not properly positioned
                                                  feature will be operable on the ground                  additional guidance on the appropriate                and secured for flight.
                                                  only. Boeing has no plan to carry fuel                  application of the fatigue and damage-
                                                                                                                                                                   3. The applicant must consider the
                                                  in the folding sections of the wings.                   tolerance requirements of § 25.571, and
                                                                                                                                                                effects of folding-wingtip freeplay when
                                                     Boeing has determined that a                         the system-safety requirements of
                                                                                                                                                                evaluating compliance to the design
                                                  catastrophic event could occur if the                   §§ 25.671 and 25.1309.
                                                                                                            These proposed special conditions                   load requirements of 14 CFR subpart C,
                                                  777–8 and 777–9 airplane wingtips are                                                                         and the aeroelastic stability (including
                                                  not properly positioned and secured for                 contain the additional safety standards
                                                                                                          that the Administrator considers                      flutter, divergence, control reversal, and
                                                  takeoff and during flight. In service,                                                                        any undue loss of stability and control
                                                  numerous takeoff operations with                        necessary to establish a level of safety
                                                                                                          equivalent to that established by the                 as a result of structural deformation)
                                                  improper airplane configurations have                                                                         requirements of § 25.629. Thus, the
                                                  occurred due to failures of the takeoff                 existing airworthiness standards.
                                                                                                                                                                effects of normal wear, and other long-
                                                  warning systems, or inadvertent crew                    Applicability                                         term durability conditions (such as
                                                  actions. For these proposed special                                                                           corrosion) of the folding-wingtip
                                                                                                            As discussed above, these special
                                                  conditions, a parallel is drawn between                                                                       operating mechanism on freeplay, and
                                                                                                          conditions are applicable to Boeing
                                                  taking off with gust locks engaged and                                                                        its impact on loads and aeroelastic
                                                                                                          Model 777–8 and 777–9 airplanes.
                                                  taking off with the wingtips folded, as                                                                       stability, must be considered. Where
                                                                                                          Should Boeing apply at a later date for
                                                  either condition could result in a                                                                            freeplay limitations are required to
                                                                                                          a change to the type certificate to
                                                  catastrophic event. Consequently, the                                                                         ensure aeroelastic stability, acceptable
                                                                                                          include another model incorporating the
                                                  FAA has determined that the level of                                                                          freeplay limits and freeplay check
                                                                                                          same novel or unusual design feature,
                                                  safety in protecting a misconfigured                                                                          procedures must be established. If
                                                                                                          these special conditions would apply to
                                                  airplane from takeoff with wingtips                                                                           lubrication is required to control
                                                                                                          that model as well.
                                                  folded should be the same as taking off                                                                       excessive wear, lubrication intervals
                                                  with the gust locks engaged. Therefore,                 Conclusion                                            must be established. These procedures
                                                  condition 2 of these proposed special                     This action affects only a certain                  and limitations must be documented in
                                                  conditions has the same intent as                       novel or unusual design feature on one                accordance with § 25.1529. The
                                                  § 25.679(a)(2). Per § 25.1309, the                      model series of airplanes. It is not a rule           freeplay-check and mechanism-
                                                  applicant must show that such an event                  of general applicability.                             lubrication intervals, if required, must
                                                  is extremely improbable, must not result                                                                      be documented as a certification
                                                  from a single failure, and that                         List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25
                                                                                                                                                                maintenance requirement (CMR).
                                                  appropriate alerting must be provided                     Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting                Guidance for CMRs can be found in
                                                  for the crew to manage unsafe system-                   and recordkeeping requirements.                       Advisory Circular 25–19A,
sradovich on DSK3GMQ082PROD with PROPOSALS




                                                  operating conditions. In addition, the                    The authority citation for these                    ‘‘Certification Maintenance
                                                  applicant must ensure that the wingtips                 special conditions is as follows:                     Requirements.’’ The effects of freeplay
                                                  are properly secured during ground                                                                            on wing-joint torsional and bending
                                                                                                            Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701,
                                                                                                          44702, 44704.                                         stiffness, as well as wing frequencies,
                                                    1 A Code E gate is designed to accommodate
                                                                                                                                                                must be evaluated when showing
                                                  aircraft wingspans between 170.6 ft. (52m) and          The Proposed Special Conditions                       compliance to loads and aeroelastic
                                                  213.3 ft. (65m), and outer main-gear wheel spans
                                                  between 29.5 ft. (9m) and 45.9 ft. (14m). Boeing 777      Accordingly, pursuant to the                        stability requirements. Also, the effects
                                                  airplanes are in this gate-code category.               authority delegated to me by the                      of freeplay on fatigue and damage


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                                                                     Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 210 / Wednesday, November 1, 2017 / Proposed Rules                                            50583

                                                  tolerance must be considered when                          9. The applicant must include design               certification of new rotorcraft designs.
                                                  showing compliance with § 25.571.                       features that ensure the wingtips are                 The proposed changes would reduce or
                                                     4. The folding wingtips and their                    properly secured during ground                        eliminate the need for certain special
                                                  operating mechanism must be designed                    operations, to protect ground personnel               conditions currently required to obtain
                                                  for 65 knot, horizontal, ground-gust                    from bodily injury as well as to prevent              certification of modern rotorcraft. The
                                                  conditions in any direction as specified                damage to the airframe, ground                        proposed changes would also
                                                  in § 25.415(a). Relevant design                         structure, and ground support                         incorporate the requirements of
                                                  conditions must be defined using                        equipment.                                            equivalent level of safety findings that
                                                  combinations of steady wind and taxi                       10. The wingtips must have means to                the FAA has imposed as conditions for
                                                  speeds determined by rational analysis                  safeguard against unlocking from the                  approving certain design features.
                                                  utilizing airport wind data. The folding                extended, flight-deployed position in                 DATES: Send comments on or before
                                                  wingtip is not a control surface as                     flight, as a result of failures, including            January 30, 2018.
                                                  specified in § 25.415(b)(c). Therefore, in              the failure of any single structural                  ADDRESSES: Send comments identified
                                                  lieu of the equation provided in                        element. All sources of airplane power                by docket number FAA–2017–0990
                                                  § 25.415(b), the hinge moment may be                    that could initiate unlocking of the                  using any of the following methods:
                                                  calculated from rational wind-tunnel                    wingtips must be automatically isolated                 • Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to
                                                  data. The 1.25 factor specified in                      from the wingtip-fold operating system                http://www.regulations.gov and follow
                                                  § 25.415(d) need not be applied to the                  (including the latching and locking                   the online instructions for sending your
                                                  portion of the system that is isolated in               system) prior to flight, and it must not              comments electronically.
                                                  flight and is not critical for safe flight              be possible to restore power to the                     • Mail: Send comments to Docket
                                                  and landing. The folding-wingtip                        system during flight. The wingtip                     Operations, M–30; U.S. Department of
                                                  system must be designed for the                         latching and locking mechanisms must                  Transportation (DOT), 1200 New Jersey
                                                  conditions specified in § 25.415(e), (f),               be designed so that, under all airplane               Avenue SE., Room W12–140, West
                                                  and (g). Runway roughness, as specified                 flight-load conditions, no force or torque            Building Ground Floor, Washington, DC
                                                  in § 25.491, must be evaluated                          can unlatch or unlock the mechanisms.                 20590–0001.
                                                  separately up to the maximum relevant                   The latching system must include a                       • Hand Delivery or Courier: Take
                                                  airplane ground speeds. All of the above                means to secure the latches in the                    comments to Docket Operations in
                                                  conditions must be applied to the                       latched position, independent of the                  Room W12–140 of the West Building
                                                  folding wingtips in the extended (flight-               locking system. It must not be possible               Ground Floor at 1200 New Jersey
                                                  deployed), folded, and transient                        to position the lock in the locked                    Avenue SE., Washington, DC, between 9
                                                  positions.                                              position if the latches and the latching
                                                     5. The airplane must demonstrate                                                                           a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through
                                                                                                          mechanisms are not in the latched                     Friday, except Federal holidays.
                                                  acceptable handling qualities during
                                                  rollout in a crosswind environment, as
                                                                                                          position, and it must not be possible to                 • Fax: Fax comments to Docket
                                                                                                          unlatch the latches with the locks in the             Operations at 202–493–2251.
                                                  wingtips transition from the flight-
                                                                                                          locked position.                                         Privacy: In accordance with 5 U.S.C.
                                                  deployed to folded position, as well as
                                                  during the unlikely event of asymmetric                   Issued in Renton, Washington, on October            553(c), DOT solicits comments from the
                                                  wingtip folding.                                        25, 2017.                                             public to better inform its rulemaking
                                                     6. The wingtip-fold operating                        Victor Wicklund,                                      process. DOT posts these comments,
                                                  mechanism must have stops that                          Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate,              without edit, including any personal
                                                  positively limit the range of motion of                 Policy and Innovation Division, Aircraft              information the commenter provides, to
                                                  the wingtips. Each stop must be                         Certification Service.                                www.regulations.gov, as described in
                                                  designed to the requirements of                         [FR Doc. 2017–23698 Filed 10–31–17; 8:45 am]          the system of records notice (DOT/ALL–
                                                  § 25.675.                                               BILLING CODE 4910–13–P
                                                                                                                                                                14 FDMS), which can be reviewed at
                                                     7. The wingtip hinge structure must                                                                        www.dot.gov/privacy.
                                                  be designed for inertia loads acting                                                                             Docket: Background documents or
                                                  parallel to the hinge line. In the absence              DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION                          comments received may be read at
                                                  of more rational data, the inertia loads                                                                      http://www.regulations.gov at any time.
                                                  may be assumed to be equal to KW as                     Federal Aviation Administration                       Follow the online instructions for
                                                  referenced in § 25.393. Hinge design                                                                          accessing the docket or go to the Docket
                                                  must meet the requirements of § 25.657.                 14 CFR Parts 27 and 29                                Operations in Room W12–140 of the
                                                     8. In lieu of § 25.1385(b): The forward              [Docket No.: FAA–2017–0990]
                                                                                                                                                                West Building Ground Floor at 1200
                                                  position lights must be installed such                                                                        New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington,
                                                  that they consist of a red and a green                  RIN 2120–AK80                                         DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday
                                                  light spaced laterally as far apart as                                                                        through Friday, except Federal holidays.
                                                                                                          Normal and Transport Category
                                                  practicable, and installed forward on the                                                                     FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For
                                                                                                          Rotorcraft Certification
                                                  airplane, so that, with the airplane in                                                                       questions concerning this action,
                                                  the normal flying position and with the                 AGENCY: Federal Aviation                              contact Sandra Shelley, Aviation Safety
                                                  wingtips in the folded position for                     Administration (FAA), DOT.                            Engineer, Safety Management Group,
                                                  ground operations, the red light is on                  ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking                 FAA, 10101 Hillwood Pkwy., Fort
                                                  the left side and the green light is on the                                                                   Worth, TX 76177; telephone (817) 222–
sradovich on DSK3GMQ082PROD with PROPOSALS




                                                                                                          (NPRM).
                                                  right side at approximately the level of                                                                      5110; email sandra.shelley@faa.gov.
                                                  the wingtips in the takeoff                             SUMMARY:    The FAA proposes to amend                 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
                                                  configuration. Each light must be                       the certification standards of normal
                                                  approved and must meet the                              and transport category helicopters. The               Authority for This Rulemaking
                                                  requirements of § 25.1385(a) and (d).                   proposed changes are necessary to                       The FAA’s authority to issue rules on
                                                  The lights must not impair the vision of                address modern designs currently used                 aviation safety is found in Title 49 of the
                                                  the flightcrew when the wingtips are in                 in the rotorcraft industry and would                  United States Code. Subtitle I, Section
                                                  the folded and transient positions.                     reduce the burden on applicants for                   106 describes the authority of the FAA


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Document Created: 2017-11-01 02:02:38
Document Modified: 2017-11-01 02:02:38
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionProposed Rules
ActionNotice of proposed special conditions.
DatesSend your comments on or before December 18, 2017.
ContactIan Won, FAA, Airframe and Cabin Safety Section, AIR-675, Policy and Innovation Division, Transport Standards Branch, Aircraft Certification Service, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, Washington 98057-3356; telephone 425-227-2145; facsimile 425- 227-1360.
FR Citation82 FR 50581 
CFR AssociatedAircraft; Aviation Safety and Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements

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