82_FR_857 82 FR 855 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Consumer and Healthcare Professional Identification of and Responses to Deceptive Prescription Drug Promotion

82 FR 855 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Consumer and Healthcare Professional Identification of and Responses to Deceptive Prescription Drug Promotion

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Food and Drug Administration

Federal Register Volume 82, Issue 2 (January 4, 2017)

Page Range855-858
FR Document2016-31845

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing an opportunity for public comment on the proposed collection of certain information by the Agency. Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (the PRA), Federal Agencies are required to publish notice in the Federal Register concerning each proposed collection of information and to allow 60 days for public comment in response to the notice. This notice solicits comments on research entitled, ``Consumer and Healthcare Professional Identification of and Responses to Deceptive Prescription Drug Promotion.''

Federal Register, Volume 82 Issue 2 (Wednesday, January 4, 2017)
[Federal Register Volume 82, Number 2 (Wednesday, January 4, 2017)]
[Notices]
[Pages 855-858]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2016-31845]



[[Page 855]]

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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Food and Drug Administration

[Docket No. FDA-2016-N-4487]


Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; 
Comment Request; Consumer and Healthcare Professional Identification of 
and Responses to Deceptive Prescription Drug Promotion

AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS.

ACTION: Notice.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing an 
opportunity for public comment on the proposed collection of certain 
information by the Agency. Under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 
(the PRA), Federal Agencies are required to publish notice in the 
Federal Register concerning each proposed collection of information and 
to allow 60 days for public comment in response to the notice. This 
notice solicits comments on research entitled, ``Consumer and 
Healthcare Professional Identification of and Responses to Deceptive 
Prescription Drug Promotion.''

DATES: Submit either electronic or written comments on the collection 
of information by March 6, 2017.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments as follows:

Electronic Submissions

    Submit electronic comments in the following way:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: https://www.regulations.gov. 
Follow the instructions for submitting comments. Comments submitted 
electronically, including attachments, to https://www.regulations.gov 
will be posted to the docket unchanged. Because your comment will be 
made public, you are solely responsible for ensuring that your comment 
does not include any confidential information that you or a third party 
may not wish to be posted, such as medical information, your or anyone 
else's Social Security number, or confidential business information, 
such as a manufacturing process. Please note that if you include your 
name, contact information, or other information that identifies you in 
the body of your comments, that information will be posted on https://www.regulations.gov.
     If you want to submit a comment with confidential 
information that you do not wish to be made available to the public, 
submit the comment as a written/paper submission and in the manner 
detailed (see ``Written/Paper Submissions'' and ``Instructions'').

Written/Paper Submissions

    Submit written/paper submissions as follows:
     Mail/Hand delivery/Courier (for written/paper 
submissions): Division of Dockets Management (HFA-305), Food and Drug 
Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, Rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852.
     For written/paper comments submitted to the Division of 
Dockets Management, FDA will post your comment, as well as any 
attachments, except for information submitted, marked and identified, 
as confidential, if submitted as detailed in ``Instructions.''
    Instructions: All submissions received must include the Docket No. 
FDA-2016-N-4487 for ``Consumer and Healthcare Professional 
Identification of and Responses to Deceptive Prescription Drug 
Promotion.'' Received comments will be placed in the docket and, except 
for those submitted as ``Confidential Submissions,'' publicly viewable 
at https://www.regulations.gov or at the Division of Dockets Management 
between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday.
     Confidential Submissions--To submit a comment with 
confidential information that you do not wish to be made publicly 
available, submit your comments only as a written/paper submission. You 
should submit two copies total. One copy will include the information 
you claim to be confidential with a heading or cover note that states 
``THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION.'' The Agency will 
review this copy, including the claimed confidential information, in 
its consideration of comments. The second copy, which will have the 
claimed confidential information redacted/blacked out, will be 
available for public viewing and posted on https://www.regulations.gov. 
Submit both copies to the Division of Dockets Management. If you do not 
wish your name and contact information to be made publicly available, 
you can provide this information on the cover sheet and not in the body 
of your comments and you must identify this information as 
``confidential.'' Any information marked as ``confidential'' will not 
be disclosed except in accordance with 21 CFR 10.20 and other 
applicable disclosure law. For more information about FDA's posting of 
comments to public dockets, see 80 FR 56469, September 18, 2015, or 
access the information at: http://www.fda.gov/regulatoryinformation/dockets/default.htm.
    Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or 
the electronic and written/paper comments received, go to https://www.regulations.gov and insert the docket number, found in brackets in 
the heading of this document, into the ``Search'' box and follow the 
prompts and/or go to the Division of Dockets Management, 5630 Fishers 
Lane, Rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: FDA PRA Staff, Office of Operations, 
Food and Drug Administration, Three White Flint North 10A12M, 11601 
Landsdown St., North Bethesda, MD 20852, [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Under the PRA (44 U.S.C. 3501-3520), Federal 
Agencies must obtain approval from the Office of Management and Budget 
(OMB) for each collection of information they conduct or sponsor. 
``Collection of information'' is defined in 44 U.S.C. 3502(3) and 5 CFR 
1320.3(c) and includes Agency requests or requirements that members of 
the public submit reports, keep records, or provide information to a 
third party. Section 3506(c)(2)(A) of the PRA (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A)) 
requires Federal Agencies to provide a 60-day notice in the Federal 
Register concerning each proposed collection of information before 
submitting the collection to OMB for approval. To comply with this 
requirement, FDA is publishing notice of the proposed collection of 
information set forth in this document.
    With respect to the following collection of information, FDA 
invites comments on these topics: (1) Whether the proposed collection 
of information is necessary for the proper performance of FDA's 
functions, including whether the information will have practical 
utility; (2) the accuracy of FDA's estimate of the burden of the 
proposed collection of information, including the validity of the 
methodology and assumptions used; (3) ways to enhance the quality, 
utility, and clarity of the information to be collected; and (4) ways 
to minimize the burden of the collection of information on respondents, 
including through the use of automated collection techniques, when 
appropriate, and other forms of information technology.

Consumer and Healthcare Professional Identification of and Responses to 
Deceptive Prescription Drug Promotion--OMB Control Number 0910--NEW

    Section 1701(a)(4) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 
300u(a)(4)) authorizes the FDA to

[[Page 856]]

conduct research relating to health information. Section 1003(d)(2)(C) 
of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the FD&C Act) (21 U.S.C. 
393(b)(2)(c)) authorizes FDA to conduct research relating to drugs and 
other FDA regulated products in carrying out the provisions of the FD&C 
Act.
    Prescription drug promotion sometimes includes false or misleading 
(i.e., deceptive \1\) claims, images, or other presentations; for 
instance, representations that a drug is more effective or less risky 
than is demonstrated by appropriate evidence. A number of empirical 
studies have examined the occurrence and influence of deceptive 
promotion, both in regard to prescription drugs (Ref. 1 and 2) and 
other products (Ref. 3 and 4). No research to our knowledge, however, 
has investigated the ability of consumers and healthcare professionals 
(HCPs) to independently identify deceptive prescription drug promotion. 
The ability to identify such promotion has important public health 
implications. If unable to identify deceptive promotion, consumers may 
ask their HCPs to prescribe specific drugs that they would not 
otherwise request. Likewise, HCPs unable to identify deceptive 
promotion may prescribe specific drugs that they would not otherwise 
prescribe. In the case that consumers and HCPs are able to identify 
deceptive promotion, then they may instead be equipped to incorporate 
such information into their medication decisions, and perhaps even 
report deceptive promotion to appropriate government regulators who can 
take corrective action. The FDA Bad Ad program, for example, encourages 
HCPs to report deceptive prescription drug promotion (Ref. 5), a goal 
which requires that HCPs successfully identify such promotion when it 
appears in the course of their duties. Likewise, similar programs could 
be implemented for consumers to report deceptive prescription drug 
promotion to FDA. Reports of deceptive promotion are useful to FDA 
because they allow investigators to focus their efforts in an era where 
the amount of promotion far exceeds the resources available to monitor 
everything.
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    \1\ Our use of the term deceptive is not meant to imply 
equivalence (or lack thereof) with use of the same term by the U.S. 
Federal Trade Commission. As defined in this document, we use this 
term to refer to presentations that are considered false or 
misleading within the context of prescription drug promotion.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The proposed project involves two studies examining participants' 
ability to detect and report deceptive (i.e., false or misleading) 
presentations in prescription drug promotion. The studies will be 
conducted concurrently and will focus on different health conditions. 
Each study will be administered to two separate populations (i.e., HCPs 
and consumers affected by the condition). HCPs will view mock 
pharmaceutical Web sites targeted toward physicians and consumers will 
view mock consumer-targeted pharmaceutical Web sites. The goal will be 
to keep the HCP and consumer-targeted Web sites as similar as possible, 
but to include content that is appropriate for the target audience. For 
example, HCP Web sites may contain more statistical information or 
medical terminology. A professional firm will create all mock Web sites 
such that they are indistinguishable from currently available 
prescription drug Web sites.
    Study 1 and 2 Sample. Study 1 will sample consumers diagnosed with 
chronic pain that has lasted at least 3 months. Chronic pain has an 
incidence rate of roughly 11 percent (Ref. 6). Study 2 will sample 
consumers diagnosed with obesity, defined as body mass index greater 
than or equal to 30 (35 percent incidence; Ref. 7). The HCP samples for 
both studies will include physicians whose primary medical specialty is 
either primary care or internal medicine and whose responsibilities 
involve direct patient care at least 50 percent of the time. For both 
consumers and HCPs, pretest participants will not be eligible for the 
main study.
    Pretesting. Pretesting will take place before the main studies to 
evaluate the procedures and measures used in the main studies. Each of 
the two pretests will have the same design as its respective main study 
(pretest 1 for Study 1 and pretest 2 for Study 2). The purpose of both 
pretests will be to: (1) Ensure that the mock Web sites are 
understandable, viewable, and delivering intended messages; (2) 
identify and eliminate any challenges to embedding the mock Web sites 
within the online survey; (3) ensure that survey questions are 
appropriate and meet the analytical goals of the research; and (4) 
pilot test the methods, including examining response rates and timing 
of survey. The two pretests will be conducted simultaneously. Based on 
pretest findings, we will refine the mock Web sites, survey questions, 
and data collection process, as necessary, to optimize the full-scale 
study conditions.
    Main Studies. The proposed design for the main studies, including 
sample sizes, is summarized below and described next.

                      Study 1--Degree of Deception Based on the Number of Deceptive Claims
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                      Experimental condition
                                                 ---------------------------------------------------------------
                   Population                                          Fewer           More
                                                  None (control)    violations      violations         Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HCPs............................................             125             125             125             375
Consumers w/chronic pain........................             125             125             125             375
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


                        Study 2--Type of Deception Based on Implicit and Explicit Claims
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                      Experimental condition
                   Population                    ---------------------------------------------------------------
                                                  None (control)     Implicit        Explicit          Total
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HCPs............................................             125             125             125             375
Obese consumers.................................             125             125             125             375
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 857]]

    The purpose of Study 1 is to assess consumer and HCP response to 
promotional Web sites with varying levels of false or misleading 
presentations. In Study 1, degree of deception will be manipulated over 
three levels by altering the number of deceptive claims (none, fewer, 
more). It is possible that consumers and HCPs are only able to identify 
ads as deceptive when they include a greater number of violations, 
whereas ads with few violations may not be identified as deceptive. The 
experimental stimuli will be in the form of a Web page for a fictitious 
drug targeted toward consumers who have chronic pain or toward HCPs. 
The deceptive Web sites will contain various types of violations. The 
Web site with fewer violations will contain a subset of the deceptive 
claims, imagery, or other presentations included in the Web site with 
more violations. For example, if the fewer-violations Web site includes 
two violations, then the more-violations Web site will include the same 
two violations plus two or three additional violations (in the form of 
claims and/or graphics).
    Study 1 will help FDA address several key questions:
     What proportion of consumers and HCPs correctly identify a 
promotional piece as deceptive? Does the ability to identify deceptive 
promotion vary depending on the number of deceptive claims in a 
promotional piece?
     Does the degree of deception affect consumers' and HCPs' 
attitudes and behavioral intentions toward the promoted drug, including 
intended reporting to regulatory authorities?
     Is the effect of deceptive promotional pieces mediated by 
a person's ability to identify a promotional piece as deceptive (that 
is, do people who recognize a piece as deceptive discount the 
information in the piece, thereby adjusting their attitudes and 
intentions toward the product)?
    Whereas Study 1 focused on the level of deception (based solely on 
the number of false or misleading claims), Study 2 focuses on the type 
of deception (implicit versus explicit). Many deceptive promotional 
claims are implicit rather than being explicitly false (Ref. 1 and 4). 
An implicit claim suggests or implies an unstated piece of information. 
An explicit claim fully and clearly expresses information and leaves 
nothing to be implied. Study 2 will compare perceptions and beliefs 
that consumers and HCPs hold about a drug following exposure to one of 
three versions of a prescription drug Web site: (1) An explicitly false 
Web site, (2) a factually true but implicitly misleading Web site, or 
(3) a Web site with no deceptive claims (the control group).
    As with Study 1, we envision a pair of one-way factorial 
experiments, one conducted with a sample of consumers and the other 
with HCPs. Similar to Study 1, Study 2 will investigate how misleading 
implicit claims and explicitly false claims in prescription drug 
promotional pieces influence a person's ability to detect and respond 
appropriately to deception. The experimental stimuli will be in the 
form of a mockup of a pharmaceutical Web site targeted toward the 
relevant experimental population, obese consumers or HCPs who treat 
obese patients. The drug profile, including indication, risks, and logo 
branding will be fictitious. For the implicit misleading claim 
manipulations, we are interested in whether people infer false beliefs 
from the implicit communications.
    Study 2 will help FDA address several key questions:
     What proportion of consumers and HCPs correctly identify a 
promotional piece as deceptive? Does the ability to identify deceptive 
promotion vary depending on whether deceptive claims in a promotional 
piece are explicit versus implicit?
     Does the type of deception affect consumers' and HCPs' 
attitudes and behavioral intentions toward the promoted drug, including 
intended reporting to regulatory authorities?
     Is the effect of deceptive promotional pieces mediated by 
a person's ability to identify a promotional piece as deceptive (that 
is, do people who recognize a piece as deceptive discount the 
information in the piece, thereby adjusting their attitudes and 
intentions toward the product)?
    Measurement. Identifying how to measure consumers' and HCPs' 
ability to identify deceptive promotion as well as their reaction to 
such promotion is fundamental to achieving the research goals. A 
literature review revealed the importance of using a variety of 
measures to capture detection of deception. For direct measures, we 
will incorporate questions that ask participants to indicate whether 
there was any deception in the promotional piece and to rate the 
promotional piece in terms of how deceptive, credible, or trustworthy 
it was. Additionally, we will include claim-specific direct measures 
that allow people to click on any part of the Web site that they deem 
deceptive. Using responses to this variable, we can assess whether 
participants think there is any deception in a promotional piece; in 
instances where they do think there is deception, we can assess what 
aspects of the Web site contributed to that belief. We will also 
include indirect measures that identify whether participants believed 
the Web site expressed particular claims (e.g., claim recognition) as 
well as participants' beliefs about the veracity of any deceptive 
claims (e.g., claim truth, agreement, or acceptance). Moreover, we will 
assess whether participants believe the messages merit reporting to 
regulatory authorities (that is, FDA). To examine differences between 
experimental conditions, we will conduct inferential statistical tests 
such as analysis of variance. A copy of the draft questionnaire is 
available upon request.
    FDA estimates the burden of this collection of information as 
follows:

                                                     Table 1--Estimated Annual Reporting Burden \1\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                          Number of
             Activity                     Number of respondents         responses per   Total annual      Average burden per response       Total hours
                                                                         respondent       responses
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pilot study screener completes....  4,286 (chronic pain).............               1           5,612  0.03 (2 minutes).................             187
                                    714 (obesity)
                                    612 (HCP)
                                   -----------------------------------
                                    5,612 total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Main study screener completes.....  10,714 (chronic pain)............               1          14,031  0.03 (2 minutes).................             468
                                    1,786 (obesity)
                                    1,531 (HCP)
                                   -----------------------------------

[[Page 858]]

 
                                    14,031 total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Pilot study completes.............  150 (chronic pain)...............               1             600  0.33 (20 minutes)................             200
                                    150 (obesity)
                                    300 (HCP)
                                   -----------------------------------
                                    600 total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Main study completes..............  375 (chronic pain)...............               1           1,500  0.33 (20 minutes)................             500
                                    375 (obesity)
                                    750 (HCP)
                                   -----------------------------------
                                    1,500 total
                                   ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total.........................  .................................  ..............  ..............  .................................           1,355
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ There are no capital costs or operating and maintenance costs associated with this collection of information.

References

    The following references are on display in the Division of Dockets 
Management (see ADDRESSES) and are available for viewing by interested 
persons between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday; they are also 
available electronically at https://www.regulations.gov. FDA has 
verified the Web site addresses, as of the date this document publishes 
in the Federal Register, but Web sites are subject to change over time.

1. Faerber, A.E. and D.H. Kreling. ``Content Analysis of False and 
Misleading Claims in Television Advertising for Prescription and 
Nonprescription Drugs.'' Journal of General Internal Medicine, 2014. 
29(1): 110-118.
2. Symonds, T., C. Hackford, and L. Abraham. ``A Review of FDA 
Warning Letters and Notices of Violation Issued for Patient-Reported 
Outcomes Promotional Claims Between 2006 and 2012.'' Value in 
Health, 2014. 17: 433-437.
3. Mitra, A., M.A. Raymond, and C.D. Hopkins. ``Can Consumers 
Recognize Misleading Advertising Content in a Media Rich Online 
Environment?'' Psychology & Marketing, 2008. 25(7): 655-674.
4. Hastak, M., and M.B. Mazis. ``Deception by Implication: A 
Typology of Truthful but Misleading Advertising and Labeling 
Claims.'' Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 2011. 30(2): 157-
167.
5. O'Donoghue, A.C., V. Boudewyns, K.J. Aikin, E. Geisen, et al. 
``Awareness of the FDA's Bad Ad Program and Education Regarding 
Pharmaceutical Advertising: A National Survey of Prescribers in 
Ambulatory Care Settings.'' Journal of Health Communication, 2015. 
20: 1330-1336.
6. Nahin, R.L. ``Estimates of Pain Prevalence and Severity in 
Adults: United States, 2012.'' Journal of Pain, 2015. 16(8): 769-
780.
7. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease 
Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics 
(2015). ``Healthy Weight, Overweight, and Obesity Among Adults Aged 
20 and Over, By Selected Characteristics: United States, Selected 
Years 1988-1994 hrough 2009-2012 [Table].'' In Health, United 
States, 2014 with special feature on adults aged 55-64 (pp. 214-220; 
DHHS Publication No. 2015-1232). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/hus/hus14.pdf.

    Dated: December 27, 2016.
Leslie Kux,
Associate Commissioner for Policy.
[FR Doc. 2016-31845 Filed 1-3-17; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4164-01-P



                                                                               Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 2 / Wednesday, January 4, 2017 / Notices                                               855

                                                  DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND                                manner detailed (see ‘‘Written/Paper                      Docket: For access to the docket to
                                                  HUMAN SERVICES                                          Submissions’’ and ‘‘Instructions’’).                   read background documents or the
                                                                                                                                                                 electronic and written/paper comments
                                                  Food and Drug Administration                            Written/Paper Submissions
                                                                                                                                                                 received, go to https://
                                                                                                             Submit written/paper submissions as                 www.regulations.gov and insert the
                                                  [Docket No. FDA–2016–N–4487]                            follows:                                               docket number, found in brackets in the
                                                                                                             • Mail/Hand delivery/Courier (for                   heading of this document, into the
                                                  Agency Information Collection                           written/paper submissions): Division of
                                                  Activities; Proposed Collection;                                                                               ‘‘Search’’ box and follow the prompts
                                                                                                          Dockets Management (HFA–305), Food                     and/or go to the Division of Dockets
                                                  Comment Request; Consumer and                           and Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers
                                                  Healthcare Professional Identification                                                                         Management, 5630 Fishers Lane, Rm.
                                                                                                          Lane, Rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852.                   1061, Rockville, MD 20852.
                                                  of and Responses to Deceptive                              • For written/paper comments
                                                  Prescription Drug Promotion                                                                                    FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: FDA
                                                                                                          submitted to the Division of Dockets
                                                                                                          Management, FDA will post your                         PRA Staff, Office of Operations, Food
                                                  AGENCY:    Food and Drug Administration,                                                                       and Drug Administration, Three White
                                                  HHS.                                                    comment, as well as any attachments,
                                                                                                          except for information submitted,                      Flint North 10A12M, 11601 Landsdown
                                                  ACTION:   Notice.                                       marked and identified, as confidential,                St., North Bethesda, MD 20852,
                                                                                                          if submitted as detailed in                            PRAStaff@fda.hhs.gov.
                                                  SUMMARY:  The Food and Drug                                                                                    SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Under the
                                                  Administration (FDA) is announcing an                   ‘‘Instructions.’’
                                                                                                             Instructions: All submissions received              PRA (44 U.S.C. 3501–3520), Federal
                                                  opportunity for public comment on the                                                                          Agencies must obtain approval from the
                                                                                                          must include the Docket No. FDA–
                                                  proposed collection of certain                                                                                 Office of Management and Budget
                                                                                                          2016–N–4487 for ‘‘Consumer and
                                                  information by the Agency. Under the                                                                           (OMB) for each collection of
                                                                                                          Healthcare Professional Identification of
                                                  Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (the                                                                           information they conduct or sponsor.
                                                                                                          and Responses to Deceptive Prescription
                                                  PRA), Federal Agencies are required to                                                                         ‘‘Collection of information’’ is defined
                                                                                                          Drug Promotion.’’ Received comments
                                                  publish notice in the Federal Register                                                                         in 44 U.S.C. 3502(3) and 5 CFR
                                                                                                          will be placed in the docket and, except
                                                  concerning each proposed collection of                                                                         1320.3(c) and includes Agency requests
                                                                                                          for those submitted as ‘‘Confidential
                                                  information and to allow 60 days for                    Submissions,’’ publicly viewable at                    or requirements that members of the
                                                  public comment in response to the                       https://www.regulations.gov or at the                  public submit reports, keep records, or
                                                  notice. This notice solicits comments on                Division of Dockets Management                         provide information to a third party.
                                                  research entitled, ‘‘Consumer and                       between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday                      Section 3506(c)(2)(A) of the PRA (44
                                                  Healthcare Professional Identification of               through Friday.                                        U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A)) requires Federal
                                                  and Responses to Deceptive Prescription                    • Confidential Submissions—To                       Agencies to provide a 60-day notice in
                                                  Drug Promotion.’’                                       submit a comment with confidential                     the Federal Register concerning each
                                                  DATES: Submit either electronic or                      information that you do not wish to be                 proposed collection of information
                                                  written comments on the collection of                   made publicly available, submit your                   before submitting the collection to OMB
                                                  information by March 6, 2017.                           comments only as a written/paper                       for approval. To comply with this
                                                  ADDRESSES: You may submit comments                      submission. You should submit two                      requirement, FDA is publishing notice
                                                  as follows:                                             copies total. One copy will include the                of the proposed collection of
                                                                                                          information you claim to be confidential               information set forth in this document.
                                                  Electronic Submissions                                  with a heading or cover note that states                  With respect to the following
                                                    Submit electronic comments in the                     ‘‘THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS                               collection of information, FDA invites
                                                  following way:                                          CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION.’’ The                        comments on these topics: (1) Whether
                                                    • Federal eRulemaking Portal:                         Agency will review this copy, including                the proposed collection of information
                                                  https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the                 the claimed confidential information, in               is necessary for the proper performance
                                                  instructions for submitting comments.                   its consideration of comments. The                     of FDA’s functions, including whether
                                                  Comments submitted electronically,                      second copy, which will have the                       the information will have practical
                                                  including attachments, to https://                      claimed confidential information                       utility; (2) the accuracy of FDA’s
                                                  www.regulations.gov will be posted to                   redacted/blacked out, will be available                estimate of the burden of the proposed
                                                  the docket unchanged. Because your                      for public viewing and posted on                       collection of information, including the
                                                  comment will be made public, you are                    https://www.regulations.gov. Submit                    validity of the methodology and
                                                  solely responsible for ensuring that your               both copies to the Division of Dockets                 assumptions used; (3) ways to enhance
                                                  comment does not include any                            Management. If you do not wish your                    the quality, utility, and clarity of the
                                                  confidential information that you or a                  name and contact information to be                     information to be collected; and (4)
                                                  third party may not wish to be posted,                  made publicly available, you can                       ways to minimize the burden of the
                                                  such as medical information, your or                    provide this information on the cover                  collection of information on
                                                  anyone else’s Social Security number, or                sheet and not in the body of your                      respondents, including through the use
                                                  confidential business information, such                 comments and you must identify this                    of automated collection techniques,
                                                  as a manufacturing process. Please note                 information as ‘‘confidential.’’ Any                   when appropriate, and other forms of
                                                  that if you include your name, contact                  information marked as ‘‘confidential’’                 information technology.
                                                  information, or other information that                  will not be disclosed except in
                                                  identifies you in the body of your                      accordance with 21 CFR 10.20 and other                 Consumer and Healthcare Professional
mstockstill on DSK3G9T082PROD with NOTICES




                                                  comments, that information will be                      applicable disclosure law. For more                    Identification of and Responses to
                                                  posted on https://www.regulations.gov.                  information about FDA’s posting of                     Deceptive Prescription Drug
                                                    • If you want to submit a comment                     comments to public dockets, see 80 FR                  Promotion—OMB Control Number
                                                  with confidential information that you                  56469, September 18, 2015, or access                   0910—NEW
                                                  do not wish to be made available to the                 the information at: http://www.fda.gov/                  Section 1701(a)(4) of the Public
                                                  public, submit the comment as a                         regulatoryinformation/dockets/                         Health Service Act (42 U.S.C.
                                                  written/paper submission and in the                     default.htm.                                           300u(a)(4)) authorizes the FDA to


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                                                  856                                     Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 2 / Wednesday, January 4, 2017 / Notices

                                                  conduct research relating to health                                        program, for example, encourages HCPs                           months. Chronic pain has an incidence
                                                  information. Section 1003(d)(2)(C) of the                                  to report deceptive prescription drug                           rate of roughly 11 percent (Ref. 6). Study
                                                  Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act                                       promotion (Ref. 5), a goal which                                2 will sample consumers diagnosed
                                                  (the FD&C Act) (21 U.S.C. 393(b)(2)(c))                                    requires that HCPs successfully identify                        with obesity, defined as body mass
                                                  authorizes FDA to conduct research                                         such promotion when it appears in the                           index greater than or equal to 30 (35
                                                  relating to drugs and other FDA                                            course of their duties. Likewise, similar                       percent incidence; Ref. 7). The HCP
                                                  regulated products in carrying out the                                     programs could be implemented for                               samples for both studies will include
                                                  provisions of the FD&C Act.                                                consumers to report deceptive                                   physicians whose primary medical
                                                                                                                             prescription drug promotion to FDA.                             specialty is either primary care or
                                                     Prescription drug promotion
                                                                                                                             Reports of deceptive promotion are                              internal medicine and whose
                                                  sometimes includes false or misleading
                                                                                                                             useful to FDA because they allow                                responsibilities involve direct patient
                                                  (i.e., deceptive 1) claims, images, or
                                                                                                                             investigators to focus their efforts in an                      care at least 50 percent of the time. For
                                                  other presentations; for instance,
                                                                                                                             era where the amount of promotion far                           both consumers and HCPs, pretest
                                                  representations that a drug is more                                        exceeds the resources available to
                                                  effective or less risky than is                                                                                                            participants will not be eligible for the
                                                                                                                             monitor everything.                                             main study.
                                                  demonstrated by appropriate evidence.                                         The proposed project involves two
                                                  A number of empirical studies have                                                                                                           Pretesting. Pretesting will take place
                                                                                                                             studies examining participants’ ability
                                                  examined the occurrence and influence                                                                                                      before the main studies to evaluate the
                                                                                                                             to detect and report deceptive (i.e., false
                                                  of deceptive promotion, both in regard                                                                                                     procedures and measures used in the
                                                                                                                             or misleading) presentations in
                                                  to prescription drugs (Ref. 1 and 2) and                                                                                                   main studies. Each of the two pretests
                                                                                                                             prescription drug promotion. The
                                                  other products (Ref. 3 and 4). No                                                                                                          will have the same design as its
                                                                                                                             studies will be conducted concurrently
                                                  research to our knowledge, however,                                                                                                        respective main study (pretest 1 for
                                                                                                                             and will focus on different health
                                                  has investigated the ability of                                                                                                            Study 1 and pretest 2 for Study 2). The
                                                                                                                             conditions. Each study will be
                                                  consumers and healthcare professionals                                                                                                     purpose of both pretests will be to: (1)
                                                                                                                             administered to two separate
                                                  (HCPs) to independently identify                                                                                                           Ensure that the mock Web sites are
                                                                                                                             populations (i.e., HCPs and consumers
                                                  deceptive prescription drug promotion.                                                                                                     understandable, viewable, and
                                                                                                                             affected by the condition). HCPs will
                                                  The ability to identify such promotion                                     view mock pharmaceutical Web sites                              delivering intended messages; (2)
                                                  has important public health                                                targeted toward physicians and                                  identify and eliminate any challenges to
                                                  implications. If unable to identify                                        consumers will view mock consumer-                              embedding the mock Web sites within
                                                  deceptive promotion, consumers may                                         targeted pharmaceutical Web sites. The                          the online survey; (3) ensure that survey
                                                  ask their HCPs to prescribe specific                                       goal will be to keep the HCP and                                questions are appropriate and meet the
                                                  drugs that they would not otherwise                                        consumer-targeted Web sites as similar                          analytical goals of the research; and (4)
                                                  request. Likewise, HCPs unable to                                          as possible, but to include content that                        pilot test the methods, including
                                                  identify deceptive promotion may                                           is appropriate for the target audience.                         examining response rates and timing of
                                                  prescribe specific drugs that they would                                   For example, HCP Web sites may                                  survey. The two pretests will be
                                                  not otherwise prescribe. In the case that                                  contain more statistical information or                         conducted simultaneously. Based on
                                                  consumers and HCPs are able to identify                                    medical terminology. A professional                             pretest findings, we will refine the mock
                                                  deceptive promotion, then they may                                         firm will create all mock Web sites such                        Web sites, survey questions, and data
                                                  instead be equipped to incorporate such                                    that they are indistinguishable from                            collection process, as necessary, to
                                                  information into their medication                                          currently available prescription drug                           optimize the full-scale study conditions.
                                                  decisions, and perhaps even report                                         Web sites.                                                        Main Studies. The proposed design
                                                  deceptive promotion to appropriate                                            Study 1 and 2 Sample. Study 1 will                           for the main studies, including sample
                                                  government regulators who can take                                         sample consumers diagnosed with                                 sizes, is summarized below and
                                                  corrective action. The FDA Bad Ad                                          chronic pain that has lasted at least 3                         described next.

                                                                                     STUDY 1—DEGREE OF DECEPTION BASED ON THE NUMBER OF DECEPTIVE CLAIMS
                                                                                                                                                                                              Experimental condition
                                                                                                    Population                                                               None              Fewer              More               Total
                                                                                                                                                                           (control)         violations         violations

                                                  HCPs ................................................................................................................             125                  125                125              375
                                                  Consumers w/chronic pain ..............................................................................                           125                  125                125              375


                                                                                              STUDY 2—TYPE OF DECEPTION BASED ON IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT CLAIMS
                                                                                                                                                                                              Experimental condition
                                                                                                    Population                                                               None             Implicit           Explicit            Total
                                                                                                                                                                           (control)

                                                  HCPs ................................................................................................................             125                  125                125              375
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                                                  Obese consumers ............................................................................................                      125                  125                125              375




                                                    1 Our use of the term deceptive is not meant to                          As defined in this document, we use this term to                misleading within the context of prescription drug
                                                  imply equivalence (or lack thereof) with use of the                        refer to presentations that are considered false or             promotion.
                                                  same term by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission.



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                                                                                Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 2 / Wednesday, January 4, 2017 / Notices                                                      857

                                                     The purpose of Study 1 is to assess                   number of false or misleading claims),                   • Is the effect of deceptive
                                                  consumer and HCP response to                             Study 2 focuses on the type of deception              promotional pieces mediated by a
                                                  promotional Web sites with varying                       (implicit versus explicit). Many                      person’s ability to identify a
                                                  levels of false or misleading                            deceptive promotional claims are                      promotional piece as deceptive (that is,
                                                  presentations. In Study 1, degree of                     implicit rather than being explicitly                 do people who recognize a piece as
                                                  deception will be manipulated over                       false (Ref. 1 and 4). An implicit claim               deceptive discount the information in
                                                  three levels by altering the number of                   suggests or implies an unstated piece of              the piece, thereby adjusting their
                                                  deceptive claims (none, fewer, more). It                 information. An explicit claim fully and              attitudes and intentions toward the
                                                  is possible that consumers and HCPs are                  clearly expresses information and leaves              product)?
                                                  only able to identify ads as deceptive                   nothing to be implied. Study 2 will                      Measurement. Identifying how to
                                                  when they include a greater number of                    compare perceptions and beliefs that                  measure consumers’ and HCPs’ ability
                                                  violations, whereas ads with few                         consumers and HCPs hold about a drug                  to identify deceptive promotion as well
                                                  violations may not be identified as                      following exposure to one of three                    as their reaction to such promotion is
                                                  deceptive. The experimental stimuli                      versions of a prescription drug Web site:             fundamental to achieving the research
                                                  will be in the form of a Web page for                    (1) An explicitly false Web site, (2) a               goals. A literature review revealed the
                                                  a fictitious drug targeted toward                        factually true but implicitly misleading              importance of using a variety of
                                                  consumers who have chronic pain or                       Web site, or (3) a Web site with no                   measures to capture detection of
                                                  toward HCPs. The deceptive Web sites                     deceptive claims (the control group).                 deception. For direct measures, we will
                                                  will contain various types of violations.                   As with Study 1, we envision a pair                incorporate questions that ask
                                                  The Web site with fewer violations will                  of one-way factorial experiments, one                 participants to indicate whether there
                                                  contain a subset of the deceptive claims,                conducted with a sample of consumers                  was any deception in the promotional
                                                  imagery, or other presentations included                 and the other with HCPs. Similar to                   piece and to rate the promotional piece
                                                  in the Web site with more violations.                    Study 1, Study 2 will investigate how                 in terms of how deceptive, credible, or
                                                  For example, if the fewer-violations                     misleading implicit claims and                        trustworthy it was. Additionally, we
                                                  Web site includes two violations, then                   explicitly false claims in prescription               will include claim-specific direct
                                                  the more-violations Web site will                        drug promotional pieces influence a                   measures that allow people to click on
                                                  include the same two violations plus                     person’s ability to detect and respond                any part of the Web site that they deem
                                                  two or three additional violations (in the               appropriately to deception. The                       deceptive. Using responses to this
                                                  form of claims and/or graphics).                         experimental stimuli will be in the form              variable, we can assess whether
                                                     Study 1 will help FDA address several                 of a mockup of a pharmaceutical Web                   participants think there is any deception
                                                  key questions:                                           site targeted toward the relevant                     in a promotional piece; in instances
                                                     • What proportion of consumers and                    experimental population, obese                        where they do think there is deception,
                                                  HCPs correctly identify a promotional                    consumers or HCPs who treat obese                     we can assess what aspects of the Web
                                                  piece as deceptive? Does the ability to                  patients. The drug profile, including                 site contributed to that belief. We will
                                                  identify deceptive promotion vary                        indication, risks, and logo branding will             also include indirect measures that
                                                  depending on the number of deceptive                     be fictitious. For the implicit misleading            identify whether participants believed
                                                  claims in a promotional piece?                           claim manipulations, we are interested                the Web site expressed particular claims
                                                     • Does the degree of deception affect                 in whether people infer false beliefs                 (e.g., claim recognition) as well as
                                                  consumers’ and HCPs’ attitudes and                       from the implicit communications.                     participants’ beliefs about the veracity
                                                  behavioral intentions toward the                            Study 2 will help FDA address several
                                                                                                                                                                 of any deceptive claims (e.g., claim
                                                  promoted drug, including intended                        key questions:
                                                                                                              • What proportion of consumers and                 truth, agreement, or acceptance).
                                                  reporting to regulatory authorities?
                                                     • Is the effect of deceptive                          HCPs correctly identify a promotional                 Moreover, we will assess whether
                                                  promotional pieces mediated by a                         piece as deceptive? Does the ability to               participants believe the messages merit
                                                  person’s ability to identify a                           identify deceptive promotion vary                     reporting to regulatory authorities (that
                                                  promotional piece as deceptive (that is,                 depending on whether deceptive claims                 is, FDA). To examine differences
                                                  do people who recognize a piece as                       in a promotional piece are explicit                   between experimental conditions, we
                                                  deceptive discount the information in                    versus implicit?                                      will conduct inferential statistical tests
                                                  the piece, thereby adjusting their                          • Does the type of deception affect                such as analysis of variance. A copy of
                                                  attitudes and intentions toward the                      consumers’ and HCPs’ attitudes and                    the draft questionnaire is available upon
                                                  product)?                                                behavioral intentions toward the                      request.
                                                     Whereas Study 1 focused on the level                  promoted drug, including intended                        FDA estimates the burden of this
                                                  of deception (based solely on the                        reporting to regulatory authorities?                  collection of information as follows:

                                                                                                 TABLE 1—ESTIMATED ANNUAL REPORTING BURDEN 1
                                                                                                                                    Number of                                     Average
                                                                                                                                                       Total annual
                                                                     Activity                        Number of respondents        responses per                                 burden per             Total hours
                                                                                                                                                        responses
                                                                                                                                    respondent                                   response

                                                  Pilot study screener completes ...............     4,286 (chronic pain) .....                    1          5,612      0.03 (2 minutes) ..........            187
                                                                                                     714 (obesity)
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                                                                                                     612 (HCP)

                                                                                                     5,612 total

                                                  Main study screener completes ..............       10,714 (chronic pain) ...                     1         14,031      0.03 (2 minutes) ..........            468
                                                                                                     1,786 (obesity)
                                                                                                     1,531 (HCP)




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                                                  858                                  Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 2 / Wednesday, January 4, 2017 / Notices

                                                                                                  TABLE 1—ESTIMATED ANNUAL REPORTING BURDEN 1—Continued
                                                                                                                                                            Number of                                                      Average
                                                                                                                                                                                      Total annual
                                                                         Activity                                Number of respondents                    responses per                                                  burden per                      Total hours
                                                                                                                                                                                       responses
                                                                                                                                                            respondent                                                    response

                                                                                                                 14,031 total

                                                  Pilot study completes ..............................           150 (chronic pain) ........                                    1                     600       0.33 (20 minutes) ........                        200
                                                                                                                 150 (obesity)
                                                                                                                 300 (HCP)

                                                                                                                 600 total

                                                  Main study completes .............................             375 (chronic pain) ........                                    1                   1,500       0.33 (20 minutes) ........                        500
                                                                                                                 375 (obesity)
                                                                                                                 750 (HCP)

                                                                                                                 1,500 total

                                                       Total .................................................   ......................................   ........................   ........................   ......................................          1,355
                                                     1 There   are no capital costs or operating and maintenance costs associated with this collection of information.


                                                  References                                                                     Services, Centers for Disease Control and                               Date: January 31, 2017.
                                                                                                                                 Prevention, National Center for Health                                  Time: 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
                                                    The following references are on                                              Statistics (2015). ‘‘Healthy Weight,                                    Agenda: To review and evaluate grant
                                                  display in the Division of Dockets                                             Overweight, and Obesity Among Adults                                  applications.
                                                  Management (see ADDRESSES) and are                                             Aged 20 and Over, By Selected                                           Place: Hyatt Regency Bethesda, One
                                                  available for viewing by interested                                            Characteristics: United States, Selected                              Bethesda Metro Center, 7400 Wisconsin
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                                                                                                                                                                                                         Name of Committee: Biological Chemistry
                                                  change over time.                                                      Leslie Kux,                                                                   and Macromolecular Biophysics Integrated
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                                                       Analysis of False and Misleading Claims                           [FR Doc. 2016–31845 Filed 1–3–17; 8:45 am]                                    Chemistry A Study Section.
                                                       in Television Advertising for                                     BILLING CODE 4164–01–P                                                          Date: January 31–February 1, 2017.
                                                       Prescription and Nonprescription                                                                                                                  Time: 8:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m.
                                                       Drugs.’’ Journal of General Internal                                                                                                              Agenda: To review and evaluate grant
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                                                  2. Symonds, T., C. Hackford, and L.                                                                                                                    Place: Ritz-Carlton Hotel, 1700 Tysons
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                                                                                                                         HUMAN SERVICES                                                                Boulevard, McLean, VA 22102.
                                                       Letters and Notices of Violation Issued                                                                                                           Contact Person: Anita Szajek, Ph.D.,
                                                       for Patient-Reported Outcomes
                                                                                                                         National Institutes of Health                                                 Scientific Review Officer, Center for
                                                       Promotional Claims Between 2006 and                                                                                                             Scientific Review, National Institutes of
                                                       2012.’’ Value in Health, 2014. 17: 433–                           Center for Scientific Review; Notice of                                       Health, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Room 4187,
                                                       437.                                                              Closed Meetings                                                               Bethesda, MD 20892, 301–827–6276,
                                                  3. Mitra, A., M.A. Raymond, and C.D.                                     Pursuant to section 10(d) of the                                            anita.szajek@nih.gov.
                                                       Hopkins. ‘‘Can Consumers Recognize                                                                                                                Name of Committee: Center for Scientific
                                                       Misleading Advertising Content in a                               Federal Advisory Committee Act, as
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                                                       Media Rich Online Environment?’’                                                                                                                264 Global Omics Approaches Targeting
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                                                                                                                                                                                                       Adverse Pregnancy and Neonatal Outcomes
                                                       655–674.                                                            The meetings will be closed to the
                                                                                                                                                                                                       Utilizing Existing Cohorts.
                                                  4. Hastak, M., and M.B. Mazis. ‘‘Deception by                          public in accordance with the                                                   Date: January 31, 2017.
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                                                  5. O’Donoghue, A.C., V. Boudewyns, K.J.                                the discussions could disclose                                                  Place: National Institutes of Health, 6701
                                                       Aikin, E. Geisen, et al. ‘‘Awareness of the                       confidential trade secrets or commercial                                      Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892
                                                       FDA’s Bad Ad Program and Education                                property such as patentable material,                                         (Virtual Meeting).
                                                       Regarding Pharmaceutical Advertising: A                           and personal information concerning                                             Contact Person: Lisa Steele, Ph.D.,
                                                       National Survey of Prescribers in                                                                                                               Scientific Review Officer, PSE IRG, Center for
                                                                                                                         individuals associated with the grant
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                                                       Ambulatory Care Settings.’’ Journal of                                                                                                          Scientific Review, National Institutes of
                                                                                                                         applications, the disclosure of which                                         Health, 6701 Rockledge Drive, Room 3139,
                                                       Health Communication, 2015. 20: 1330–                             would constitute a clearly unwarranted
                                                       1336.                                                                                                                                           MSC 7770, Bethesda, MD 20892, 301–594–
                                                  6. Nahin, R.L. ‘‘Estimates of Pain Prevalence
                                                                                                                         invasion of personal privacy.                                                 6594, steeleln@csr.nih.gov.
                                                       and Severity in Adults: United States,                              Name of Committee: Biological Chemistry                                     (Catalogue of Federal Domestic Assistance
                                                       2012.’’ Journal of Pain, 2015. 16(8): 769–                        and Macromolecular Biophysics Integrated                                      Program Nos. 93.306, Comparative Medicine;
                                                       780.                                                              Review Group; Biochemistry and Biophysics                                     93.333, Clinical Research, 93.306, 93.333,
                                                  7. U.S. Department of Health and Human                                 of Membranes Study Section.                                                   93.337, 93.393–93.396, 93.837–93.844,



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Document Created: 2017-01-04 00:29:19
Document Modified: 2017-01-04 00:29:19
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionNotices
ActionNotice.
DatesSubmit either electronic or written comments on the collection of information by March 6, 2017.
ContactFDA PRA Staff, Office of Operations, Food and Drug Administration, Three White Flint North 10A12M, 11601 Landsdown St., North Bethesda, MD 20852, [email protected]
FR Citation82 FR 855 

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