83 FR 12249 - Special Conditions: Bombardier Inc. Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 Series Airplanes; Synthetic Vision System on Head-Up Display

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration

Federal Register Volume 83, Issue 55 (March 21, 2018)

Page Range		12249-12251
FR Document		2018-05650

These special conditions are issued for the Bombardier Inc. (Bombardier) Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 series airplanes. These airplanes will have a novel or unusual design feature when compared to the state of technology envisioned in the applicable airworthiness standards for transport-category airplanes. These airplanes incorporate a novel or unusual design feature associated with a synthetic vision system (SVS) that displays video imagery on the head-up display (HUD). The applicable airworthiness regulations do not contain adequate or appropriate safety standards for this design feature. These special conditions contain the additional safety standards that the Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of safety equivalent to that established by the existing airworthiness standards.

Federal Register, Volume 83 Issue 55 (Wednesday, March 21, 2018)

[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 55 (Wednesday, March 21, 2018)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 12249-12251]
From the Federal Register Online [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2018-05650]

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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration

14 CFR Part 25

[Docket No. FAA-2018-0193; Special Conditions No. 25-718-SC]

Special Conditions: Bombardier Inc. Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-
2A13 Series Airplanes; Synthetic Vision System on Head-Up Display

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION: Final special conditions; request for comments.

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SUMMARY: These special conditions are issued for the Bombardier Inc.
(Bombardier) Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 series airplanes. These
airplanes will have a novel or unusual design feature when compared to
the state of technology envisioned in the applicable airworthiness
standards for transport-category airplanes. These airplanes incorporate
a novel or unusual design feature associated with a synthetic vision
system (SVS) that displays video imagery on the head-up display (HUD).
The applicable airworthiness regulations do not contain adequate or
appropriate safety standards for this design feature. These special
conditions contain the additional safety standards that the
Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of safety
equivalent to that established by the existing airworthiness standards.

DATES: This action is effective on Bombardier on March 21, 2018. Send
your comments by May 7, 2018.

ADDRESSES: Send comments identified by docket number FAA-2018-0193
using any of the following methods:
Federal eRegulations Portal: Go to http://www.regulations.gov/ and follow the online instructions for sending
your comments electronically.
Mail: Send comments to Docket Operations, M-30, U.S.
Department of Transportation (DOT), 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Room
W12-140, West Building Ground Floor, Washington, DC 20590-0001.
Hand Delivery or Courier: Take comments to Docket
Operations in Room W12-140 of the West Building Ground Floor at 1200
New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday
through Friday, except Federal holidays.
Fax: Fax comments to Docket Operations at 202-493-2251.
Privacy: The FAA will post all comments it receives, without
change, to http://www.regulations.gov/, including any personal
information the commenter provides. Using the search function of the
docket website, anyone can find and read the electronic form of all
comments received into any FAA docket, including the name of the
individual sending the comment (or signing the comment for an
association, business, labor union, etc.). DOT's complete Privacy Act
Statement can be found in the Federal Register published on April 11,
2000 (65 FR 19477-19478).
Docket: Background documents or comments received may be read at
http://www.regulations.gov/ at any time. Follow the online instructions
for accessing the docket or go to Docket Operations in Room W12-140 of
the West Building Ground Floor at 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE,
Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday,
except Federal holidays.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: John Stuber, FAA, Airplane and Flight
Crew Interface Section, AIR-671, Transport Standards Branch, Policy and
Innovation Division, Aircraft Certification Service, 2200 South 216th
Street, Des Moines, Washington 98198; telephone 206-231-3164; facsimile
206-231-3398.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The substance of these special conditions
has been subjected to the notice and comment period in several prior
instances and has been derived without substantive change from the
substance contained herein. Therefore, the FAA has determined that
prior public notice and comment are unnecessary, and finds that, for
the same reason, good cause exists for adopting these special
conditions upon publication in the Federal Register.

Comments Invited

We invite interested people to take part in this rulemaking by
sending written comments, data, or views. The most helpful comments
reference a specific portion of the special conditions, explain the
reason for any recommended change, and include supporting data.
We will consider all comments we receive by the closing date for
comments. We may change these special conditions based on the comments
we receive.

Background

On May 30, 2012, Bombardier applied for an amendment to Type
Certificate No. T00003NY to include the new Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-
700-2A13 series airplanes. The Bombardier Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-
2A13 series airplanes, which are derivatives of the Model BD-700
airplane currently approved under Type Certificate No. T00003NY, are
business jets with a maximum certified passenger capacity of 19. The
maximum takeoff weight of the Model BD-700-2A12 airplane is 106,250
lbs. and 104,800 lbs. for the Model BD-700-2A13 airplane.

Type Certification Basis

Under the provisions of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14
CFR) 21.101, Bombardier must show that the Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-
700-2A13 series airplanes meet the applicable provisions of the
regulations listed in Type Certificate No. T00003NY, or the applicable
regulations in effect on the date of application for the change except
for earlier amendments as agreed upon by the FAA.
If the Administrator finds that the applicable airworthiness
regulations (i.e., 14 CFR part 25) do not contain adequate or
appropriate safety standards for the Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13
series airplanes because of a novel or unusual design feature, special
conditions are prescribed under the provisions of Sec. 21.16.
Special conditions are initially applicable to the model for which
they are issued. Should the type certificate for that model be amended
later to include any other model that incorporates the same novel or
unusual design feature, or should any other model already included on
the same type certificate be modified to incorporate the same novel or
unusual design feature, these special conditions would also apply to
the other model under Sec. 21.101.
In addition to the applicable airworthiness regulations and special
conditions, the Bombardier Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 series
airplanes must comply with the fuel-vent and exhaust-emission
requirements of 14 CFR part 34, and the noise-certification
requirements of 14 CFR part 36.
The FAA issues special conditions, as defined in 14 CFR 11.19, in
accordance with Sec. 11.38, and they become part of the type
certification basis under Sec. 21.101.

Novel or Unusual Design Features

The Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 series airplanes will

[[Page 12250]]

incorporate the following novel or unusual design features:
Flight-deck design incorporating a synthetic vision system that
displays video imagery on the HUD.

Discussion

When the FAA began to evaluate the display of enhanced vision-
system (EVS) imagery on the HUD, significant potential to obscure the
outside view became apparent, contrary to the requirements of Sec.
25.773. This rule does not permit distortions and reflections in the
pilot-compartment view that can interfere with normal duties, and the
FAA did not write a rule in anticipation of such technology. The video
image potentially interferes with the pilot's ability to see the
natural scene in the center of the forward field of view.
The FAA issued special conditions for such HUD/EVS installations to
ensure that the level of safety required by Sec. 25.773 would be met
even when the image might partially obscure the outside view. While
many of the characteristics of EVS and SVS video differ, they have one
thing in common: The potential for interference with the outside view
through the airplane windshield. Although the pilot may be able to see
around and through small, individual symbols on the HUD, the pilot may
not be able to see around or through the image that fills the display
without some interference of the outside view. Nevertheless, the SVS
may be capable of meeting the required level of safety when considering
the combined view of the image and the outside scene visible to the
pilot through the image. It is essential that the pilot can use this
combination of image and natural view of the outside scene as safely
and effectively as is the pilot-compartment view currently available
without the SVS image.
Because Sec. 25.773, at the applicable amendment level, does not
provide for any alternatives or considerations for a novel or unusual
design feature, the FAA establishes safety requirements that assure an
equivalent level of safety and effectiveness of the pilot-compartment
view as intended by that rule. The purpose of these special conditions
is to provide the unique pilot-compartment-view requirements for the
SVS installation.
These special conditions contain the additional safety standards
that the Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of
safety equivalent to that established by the existing airworthiness
standards.

Applicability

As discussed above, these special conditions are applicable to the
Bombardier Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 series airplanes. Should
Bombardier apply at a later date for a change to the type certificate
to include another model incorporating the same novel or unusual design
feature, these special conditions would apply to that model as well.

Conclusion

This action affects only certain novel or unusual design features
on one model series of airplanes. It is not a rule of general
applicability.

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25

Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.

The authority citation for these special conditions is as follows:

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702, 44704.

The Special Conditions

Accordingly, pursuant to the authority delegated to me by the
Administrator, the following special conditions are issued as part of
the type certification basis for Bombardier Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-
700-2A13 series airplanes:
1. During any phase of flight in which it is to be used, the
synthetic vision system (SVS) imagery on the head-up display (HUD) must
not degrade flight safety or interfere with the effective use of
outside visual references for required pilot tasks.
2. To avoid unacceptable interference with the safe and effective
use of the pilot-compartment view, the SVS must meet the following
requirements:
a. The SVS design must minimize unacceptable display
characteristics or artifacts (e.g., terrain shadowing against a dark
background, noise, ``burlap'' overlay) that obscure the desired image
of the scene, impair the pilot's ability to detect and identify visual
references, mask flight hazards, distract the pilot, or otherwise
degrade task performance or safety.
b. Control of SVS image-display brightness must be sufficiently
effective in dynamically changing background (ambient) lighting
conditions to avoid pilot distraction, impairment of the pilot's
ability to detect and identify visual references, masking of flight
hazards, or to otherwise degrade task performance or safety. If
automatic control for image brightness is not provided, it must be
shown that a single, manual setting is satisfactory for the range of
lighting conditions encountered during a time-critical, high-workload
phase of flight (e.g., low-visibility instrument approach).
c. A readily accessible control must be provided that permits the
pilot to immediately deactivate and reactivate display of the SVS image
on demand, without having to remove hands from the flight controls and
throttles.
d. The SVS image on the HUD must not impair the pilot's use of
guidance information, or degrade the presentation and pilot awareness
of essential flight information displayed on the HUD, such as alerts,
airspeed, attitude, altitude and direction, approach guidance,
windshear guidance, traffic-alert and collision-avoidance system-
resolution advisories, or unusual-attitude recovery cues.
e. The SVS image and the HUD symbols, which are spatially
referenced to the pitch scale, outside view, and image, must be scaled
and aligned (i.e., conformal) to the external scene. In addition, the
SVS image and the HUD symbols--when considered singly or in
combination--must not be misleading, cause pilot confusion, or increase
workload. Airplane attitudes or cross-wind conditions may cause certain
symbols (e.g., the zero-pitch line or flight-path vector) to reach
field-of-view limits, such that they cannot be positioned conformally
with the image and external scene. In such cases, these symbols may be
displayed but with an altered appearance that makes the pilot aware
that they are no longer displayed conformally (for example,
``ghosting''). The combined use of symbology and runway image may not
be used for path monitoring when path symbology is no longer conformal.
f. A HUD system that displays SVS images must, if previously
certified, continue to meet all of the requirements of the original
approval.
3. The safety and performance of the pilot tasks associated with
the use of the pilot-compartment view must not be degraded by the
display of the SVS image. These tasks include the following:
a. Detection, and accurate identification and maneuvering as
necessary, to avoid traffic, terrain, obstacles, and other flight
hazards.
b. Accurate identification and utilization of visual references
required for every task relevant to the phase of flight.
4. Appropriate limitations must be stated in the Operating
Limitations section of the Airplane Flight Manual to prohibit the use
of the SVS for functions that have not been found to be acceptable.

[[Page 12251]]

Issued in Des Moines, Washington.
Victor Wicklund,
Manager, Transport Standards Branch, Policy and Innovation Division,
Aircraft Certification Service.
[FR Doc. 2018-05650 Filed 3-20-18; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P

12250 Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 55 / Wednesday, March 21, 2018 / Rules and Regulations

incorporate the following novel or Applicability encountered during a time-critical, high-
unusual design features: As discussed above, these special workload phase of flight (e.g., low-
Flight-deck design incorporating a conditions are applicable to the visibility instrument approach).
synthetic vision system that displays Bombardier Model BD–700–2A12 and c. A readily accessible control must be
video imagery on the HUD. BD–700–2A13 series airplanes. Should provided that permits the pilot to
Bombardier apply at a later date for a immediately deactivate and reactivate
Discussion change to the type certificate to include display of the SVS image on demand,
another model incorporating the same without having to remove hands from
When the FAA began to evaluate the the flight controls and throttles.
display of enhanced vision-system novel or unusual design feature, these
special conditions would apply to that d. The SVS image on the HUD must
(EVS) imagery on the HUD, significant not impair the pilot’s use of guidance
potential to obscure the outside view model as well.
information, or degrade the presentation
became apparent, contrary to the Conclusion and pilot awareness of essential flight
requirements of § 25.773. This rule does information displayed on the HUD, such
This action affects only certain novel
not permit distortions and reflections in or unusual design features on one model as alerts, airspeed, attitude, altitude and
the pilot-compartment view that can series of airplanes. It is not a rule of direction, approach guidance,
interfere with normal duties, and the general applicability. windshear guidance, traffic-alert and
FAA did not write a rule in anticipation collision-avoidance system-resolution
of such technology. The video image List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25 advisories, or unusual-attitude recovery
potentially interferes with the pilot’s Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting cues.
ability to see the natural scene in the and recordkeeping requirements. e. The SVS image and the HUD
center of the forward field of view. symbols, which are spatially referenced
The authority citation for these
The FAA issued special conditions for special conditions is as follows: to the pitch scale, outside view, and
such HUD/EVS installations to ensure image, must be scaled and aligned (i.e.,
Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113,
that the level of safety required by 44701, 44702, 44704.
conformal) to the external scene. In
§ 25.773 would be met even when the addition, the SVS image and the HUD
image might partially obscure the The Special Conditions symbols—when considered singly or in
outside view. While many of the Accordingly, pursuant to the combination—must not be misleading,
characteristics of EVS and SVS video authority delegated to me by the cause pilot confusion, or increase
differ, they have one thing in common: Administrator, the following special workload. Airplane attitudes or cross-
The potential for interference with the conditions are issued as part of the type wind conditions may cause certain
outside view through the airplane certification basis for Bombardier Model symbols (e.g., the zero-pitch line or
windshield. Although the pilot may be BD–700–2A12 and BD–700–2A13 series flight-path vector) to reach field-of-view
able to see around and through small, airplanes: limits, such that they cannot be
individual symbols on the HUD, the 1. During any phase of flight in which positioned conformally with the image
pilot may not be able to see around or it is to be used, the synthetic vision and external scene. In such cases, these
through the image that fills the display system (SVS) imagery on the head-up symbols may be displayed but with an
without some interference of the outside display (HUD) must not degrade flight altered appearance that makes the pilot
view. Nevertheless, the SVS may be safety or interfere with the effective use aware that they are no longer displayed
capable of meeting the required level of of outside visual references for required conformally (for example, ‘‘ghosting’’).
safety when considering the combined pilot tasks. The combined use of symbology and
view of the image and the outside scene 2. To avoid unacceptable interference runway image may not be used for path
visible to the pilot through the image. It with the safe and effective use of the monitoring when path symbology is no
is essential that the pilot can use this pilot-compartment view, the SVS must longer conformal.
combination of image and natural view meet the following requirements: f. A HUD system that displays SVS
of the outside scene as safely and a. The SVS design must minimize images must, if previously certified,
effectively as is the pilot-compartment unacceptable display characteristics or continue to meet all of the requirements
view currently available without the artifacts (e.g., terrain shadowing against of the original approval.
SVS image. a dark background, noise, ‘‘burlap’’ 3. The safety and performance of the
overlay) that obscure the desired image pilot tasks associated with the use of the
Because § 25.773, at the applicable pilot-compartment view must not be
of the scene, impair the pilot’s ability to
amendment level, does not provide for degraded by the display of the SVS
detect and identify visual references,
any alternatives or considerations for a image. These tasks include the
mask flight hazards, distract the pilot, or
novel or unusual design feature, the following:
otherwise degrade task performance or
FAA establishes safety requirements a. Detection, and accurate
safety.
that assure an equivalent level of safety b. Control of SVS image-display identification and maneuvering as
and effectiveness of the pilot- brightness must be sufficiently effective necessary, to avoid traffic, terrain,
compartment view as intended by that in dynamically changing background obstacles, and other flight hazards.
rule. The purpose of these special (ambient) lighting conditions to avoid b. Accurate identification and
conditions is to provide the unique pilot distraction, impairment of the utilization of visual references required
pilot-compartment-view requirements pilot’s ability to detect and identify for every task relevant to the phase of
sradovich on DSK3GMQ082PROD with RULES

for the SVS installation. visual references, masking of flight flight.
These special conditions contain the hazards, or to otherwise degrade task 4. Appropriate limitations must be
additional safety standards that the performance or safety. If automatic stated in the Operating Limitations
Administrator considers necessary to control for image brightness is not section of the Airplane Flight Manual to
establish a level of safety equivalent to provided, it must be shown that a prohibit the use of the SVS for functions
that established by the existing single, manual setting is satisfactory for that have not been found to be
airworthiness standards. the range of lighting conditions acceptable.

VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:29 Mar 20, 2018 Jkt 244001 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\21MRR1.SGM 21MRR1

Document Created: 2018-03-21 00:46:01
Document Modified: 2018-03-21 00:46:01

Category		Regulatory Information
Collection		Federal Register
sudoc Class		AE 2.7: GS 4.107: AE 2.106:
Publisher		Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
Section		Rules and Regulations
Action		Final special conditions; request for comments.
Dates		This action is effective on Bombardier on March 21, 2018. Send your comments by May 7, 2018.
Contact		John Stuber, FAA, Airplane and Flight Crew Interface Section, AIR-671, Transport Standards Branch, Policy and Innovation Division, Aircraft Certification Service, 2200 South 216th Street, Des Moines, Washington 98198; telephone 206-231-3164; facsimile 206-231-3398.
FR Citation		83 FR 12249
CFR Associated		Aircraft; Aviation Safety and Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements

83 FR 12249 - Special Conditions: Bombardier Inc. Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 Series Airplanes; Synthetic Vision System on Head-Up Display

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATIONFederal Aviation Administration

Federal Register Volume 83, Issue 55 (March 21, 2018)

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration