83_FR_6966 83 FR 6934 - Census Designated Places (CDPs) for the 2020 Census-Proposed Criteria

83 FR 6934 - Census Designated Places (CDPs) for the 2020 Census-Proposed Criteria

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Bureau of the Census

Federal Register Volume 83, Issue 32 (February 15, 2018)

Page Range6934-6936
FR Document2018-02623

The Census Bureau is publishing this notice in the Federal Register to request comments from the public and other government agencies on the criteria and guidelines for identifying Census designated places (CDPs). The Census Bureau will respond to the comments in the Federal Register notice announcing the final criteria. After the final criteria are published in the Federal Register, the Census Bureau will offer designated governments or organizations an opportunity to review and, if necessary, suggest updates to the boundaries and attributes of the CDPs in their geographic area under the Participant Statistical Areas Program (PSAP). In separate Federal Register notices, the PSAP program is seeking comment on the review and update of census tracts, block groups, and census county divisions.

Federal Register, Volume 83 Issue 32 (Thursday, February 15, 2018)
[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 32 (Thursday, February 15, 2018)]
[Notices]
[Pages 6934-6936]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2018-02623]


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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

Bureau of the Census

[Docket Number 171002956-7974-01]


Census Designated Places (CDPs) for the 2020 Census--Proposed 
Criteria

AGENCY: Bureau of the Census, Commerce.

ACTION: Notice of proposed program and request for comments.

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SUMMARY: The Census Bureau is publishing this notice in the Federal 
Register to request comments from the public and other government 
agencies on the criteria and guidelines for identifying Census 
designated places (CDPs). The Census Bureau will respond to the 
comments in the Federal Register notice announcing the final criteria. 
After the final criteria are published in the Federal Register, the 
Census Bureau will offer designated governments or organizations an 
opportunity to review and, if necessary, suggest updates to the 
boundaries and attributes of the CDPs in their geographic area under 
the Participant Statistical Areas Program (PSAP). In separate Federal 
Register notices, the PSAP program is seeking comment on the review and 
update of census tracts, block groups, and census county divisions.

DATES: Written comments must be submitted on or before May 14, 2018.

ADDRESSES: Please direct all written comments on this proposed program 
to Vincent Osier, Geographic Standards, Criteria, and Quality Branch, 
Geography Division, U.S. Census Bureau, Room 4H173, 4600 Silver Hill 
Road, Washington, DC 20233-7400. Email: geo.psap.list@census.gov. 
Phone: 301-763-3056 (PSAP Hotline).

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Requests for additional information on 
this proposed program should be directed to Vincent Osier, Geographic 
Standards, Criteria, and Quality Branch, Geography Division, U.S. 
Census Bureau, Room 4H173, 4600 Silver Hill Road, Washington, DC 20233-
7400. Email: geo.psap.list@census.gov. Phone: 301-763-3056 (PSAP 
hotline).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. History

    Census designated places (CDPs) \1\ are statistical geographic 
entities representing closely settled, unincorporated communities that 
are locally recognized and identified by name. They are the statistical 
equivalents of incorporated places, with the primary differences being 
the lack of both a legally defined boundary and an active, functioning 
governmental structure, chartered by the state and administered by 
elected officials. CDPs defined for the 2020 Census will also be used 
to tabulate American Community Survey, Puerto Rico Community Survey, 
and Economic Census data after 2020, and potentially data from other 
Bureau of the Census (Census Bureau) censuses and surveys.
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    \1\ The term CDP includes comunidades and zonas urbanas in 
Puerto Rico.
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    The CDP concept and delineation criteria have evolved over the past 
six decades in response to data user needs for place-level data. This 
evolution has taken into account differences in the way in which places 
were perceived, and the propensity for places to incorporate in various 
states. The result, over time, has been an increase in the number and 
types of unincorporated communities identified as CDPs, as well as 
increasing consistency in the relationship between the CDP concept and 
the kinds of places encompassed by the incorporated place category, or 
a compromise between localized perceptions of place and a concept that 
would be familiar to data users throughout the United States, Puerto 
Rico, and the Island Areas.
    Although not as numerous as incorporated places or 
municipalities,\2\ CDPs have been important geographic entities since 
their introduction for the 1950 Census (CDPs were referred to as 
``unincorporated places'' in the 1950, 1960 and 1970 decennial 
censuses). For the 1950 Census, CDPs were defined only outside 
urbanized areas and were required to have at least 1,000 residents. For 
the 1960 Census, CDPs could also be identified inside urbanized areas 
outside of New England, but these were required to have at least 10,000 
residents. The Census Bureau modified the population threshold within 
urbanized areas to 5,000 residents in 1970, allowed for CDPs in 
urbanized areas in New England in 1980, and

[[Page 6935]]

lowered the threshold for CDPs within urbanized areas to 2,500 in 1990. 
In time, other population thresholds were adopted for identification of 
CDPs in Alaska, Puerto Rico, the Island Areas, and on American Indian 
reservations (AIRs). The Census Bureau eliminated all population 
threshold requirements for Census 2000, achieving consistency between 
CDPs and incorporated places, for which the Census Bureau historically 
has published data without regard to population size.
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    \2\ Known by various terms throughout the United States: Cities, 
towns (except in the six New England states, New York, and 
Wisconsin), villages, and boroughs (except in New York and Alaska).
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    According to the 2010 Census, more than 38.7 million people in the 
United States,\3\ Puerto Rico, and the Island Areas \4\ lived in CDPs. 
The relative importance of CDPs varies from state to state depending on 
laws governing municipal incorporation and annexation, but also 
depending on local preferences and attitudes regarding the 
identification of places.
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    \3\ For Census Bureau purposes, the United States typically 
refers to only the fifty states and the District of Columbia and 
does not include the U.S. territories (Puerto Rico, the Island 
Areas, and the U.S. Minor Outlying Islands).
    \4\ The Island Areas include the U.S. territories American 
Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and 
the U.S. Virgin Islands. There are no CDPs in American Samoa or the 
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands because villages are 
considered incorporated places and cover the entire territory and 
population in each territory.
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II. CDP Criteria and Guidelines for the 2020 Census

    The criteria proposed herein apply to the United States, including 
AIRs and off-reservation trust lands, Puerto Rico, and the Island 
Areas. In accordance with the final criteria, the Census Bureau may 
modify and, if necessary, reject any proposals for CDPs that do not 
meet the established criteria. In addition, the Census Bureau reserves 
the right to modify the boundaries and attributes of CDPs as needed to 
maintain geographic relationships before the final tabulation geography 
is set for the 2020 Census.
    The Census Bureau proposes the following criteria and guidelines 
for use in identifying the areas that will qualify for designation as 
CDPs for use in tabulating data from the 2020 Census, the American 
Community Survey, the Puerto Rico Community Survey, the Economic 
Census, and potentially other Census Bureau censuses and surveys.
    1. A CDP constitutes a single, closely settled center of population 
that is named. To the extent possible, individual unincorporated 
communities should be identified as separate CDPs. Similarly, a single 
community should be defined as a single CDP rather than multiple CDPs 
with each part referencing the community name and a directional term 
(i.e., north, south, east, or west). Since a CDP is defined to provide 
data for a single, named locality, the Census Bureau generally will not 
accept combinations of places and hyphenated place names defined as a 
CDP. In the past, communities were often combined as a single CDP in 
order to comply with the Census Bureau's former minimum population 
requirements. The Census Bureau's elimination of population threshold 
criteria starting with Census 2000 made such combinations unnecessary. 
Other communities were combined because visible features were not 
available for use as boundaries for separate CDPs. The Census Bureau's 
policy to allow the use of some nonvisible boundaries so that 
participants can separate individual communities has dispensed with the 
need to have multi-place CDPs.
    Multiple communities may only be combined to form a single CDP when 
the identities of these communities have become so intertwined that the 
communities are commonly perceived and referenced as a single place. 
For example, the communities of Arden and Arcade in California have 
grown together over time and residents commonly use the place name 
Arden-Arcade. Further, because of the intertwined identity, residents 
would have difficulty identifying a boundary between the separate, 
historical communities of Arden and Arcade. Multiple communities may 
also be defined as a single CDP when there are no distinguishable or 
suitable features in the landscape that can be used as a boundary 
between the communities, even if the two communities still have 
separate identities. For example, the CDP of Ashton-Sandy Spring in 
Maryland encompasses two communities that still maintain separate 
identities in common, daily usage. The two communities, however, have 
grown together to such an extent that a clear break between the two 
communities is no longer identifiable in the landscape. In general, 
when considering whether to combine multiple communities as a single 
CDP, the following questions should be taken into account:
     Do residents commonly perceive and refer to the 
communities as a single entity?
     Are there landscape elements, such as signs, that use a 
hyphenated name for the community?
     Can residents or other knowledgeable individuals identify 
clear, commonly accepted boundaries for the individual communities?
    2. A CDP generally consists of a contiguous cluster of census 
blocks comprising a single piece of territory and containing a mix of 
residential, nonresidential, and commercial uses similar to that of an 
incorporated place of similar size. Some CDPs, however, may be 
predominantly residential. Such places should represent recognizably 
distinct, locally known communities, but not typical suburban 
subdivisions. Examples of such predominantly residential communities 
that can be recognized as CDPs are colonias, small rural communities, 
and unincorporated resort and retirement communities.
    3. A CDP may not be located, either partially or entirely, within 
an incorporated place or another CDP.
    4. A CDP may be located in more than one county but must not cross 
state boundaries. It is important to note, however, that since county 
boundaries provide important demarcations for communities, CDPs that 
cross county lines should be kept to a minimum and identified only when 
the community clearly sees itself existing on both sides of a county 
boundary.
    5. There are no minimum population or housing unit thresholds for 
defining CDPs; however, a CDP must contain some population or housing 
units or both. For the 2020 Census, the Census Bureau will not accept a 
CDP delineated with zero population and zero housing units. The Census 
Bureau recognizes that some communities, such as a resort or other 
kinds of seasonal communities, may lack population at certain times of 
the year. Nevertheless, there should be some evidence, generally in the 
form of houses, barracks, dormitories, commercial buildings and/or 
other nonresidential structures, providing the basis for local 
perception of the place's existence. The Census Bureau will review the 
number of housing units within the place, as reported in the previous 
decennial census or as seen in imagery, and consider whether additional 
information is needed before recognizing the CDP. Participants 
submitting boundaries for places with less than ten housing units may 
be asked to provide additional information attesting to the existence 
of the CDP.
    6. CDP boundaries should follow visible features, except in those 
circumstances when a CDP's boundary is coincident with the nonvisible 
boundary of a state, county, minor civil division (in the six New 
England states, Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New York, 
Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin), or incorporated place. CDP boundaries may 
follow other nonvisible features in instances where reliance upon 
visible features would result in overbounding of the CDP in order to 
include housing units on both sides of a road or street

[[Page 6936]]

feature. Such boundaries might include parcel boundaries and public 
land survey system lines; fence lines; national, state, or local park 
boundaries; ridgelines; or drainage ditches.
    7. The CDP name should be one that is recognized and used in daily 
communication by the residents of the community. Because unincorporated 
communities generally lack legally defined boundaries, a commonly used 
community name and the geographic extent of its use by local residents 
is often the best identifier of the extent of a place. The assumption 
being that if residents associate with a particular name and use it to 
identify the place in which they live, then the CDP's boundaries can be 
mapped based on the use of the name. There should be features in the 
landscape that use the name, such that a non-resident would have a 
general sense of the location or extent of the community; for example, 
signs indicating when one is entering the community; highway exit signs 
that use the name; or businesses, schools, or other buildings that make 
use of the name. It should not be a name developed solely for planning 
or other purposes (including simply to obtain data from the Census 
Bureau) that is not in regular daily use by the local residents and 
business establishments.
    8. A CDP may not have the same name as an adjacent or nearby 
incorporated place. If the community does not have a name that 
distinguishes it from other nearby communities, then the community is 
not a distinct place. The use of directional terms (``north,'' 
``south,'' ``east,'' ``west,'' and so forth) to merely differentiate 
the name of a CDP from a nearby municipality where this name is not in 
local use is not acceptable. Again, this has much to do with the way in 
which people typically refer to the places in which they live. It is 
permissible to change the name of a 2010 CDP for the 2020 Census if the 
new name provides a better identification of the community.

III. Definitions of Key Terms

    American Indian off-reservation trust land--An area of land located 
outside the boundaries of an AIR whose boundaries are established by 
deed and which are held in trust by the U.S. federal government for a 
federally recognized American Indian tribe or members of that tribe.
    American Indian reservation (AIR)--An area of land with boundaries 
established by final treaty, statute, executive order, and/or court 
order and over which a federally recognized American Indian tribal 
government has governmental authority. Along with ``reservation,'' 
designations such as colonies, communities, pueblos, rancherias, and 
reserves apply to AIRs.
    Census block--A geographic area bounded by visible and/or invisible 
features shown on a map prepared by the Census Bureau. A block is the 
smallest geographic entity for which the Census Bureau tabulates and 
publishes decennial census data.
    Census county division (CCD)--Areas delineated by the Census Bureau 
in cooperation with state, tribal, and local officials for statistical 
purposes. CCDs have no legal function and are not governmental units. 
CCD boundaries usually follow visible features and usually coincide 
with census tract boundaries. The name of each CCD is based on a place, 
county, or well-known local name that identifies its location.
    Coextensive--A description of two or more geographic entities that 
cover exactly the same area, with all boundaries shared.
    Colonia--A small, generally unincorporated community located in one 
of the states on the U.S.-Mexico border where residents often build or 
provide their own housing and that usually lacks utilities, paved 
roads, and other infrastructure typically found other similarly sized 
communities.
    Comunidad--A CDP in Puerto Rico that is not related to a 
municipio's seat of government, called an aldea or a ciudad prior to 
the 1990 Census.
    Contiguous--A description of areas sharing common boundary lines, 
more than a single point, such that the areas, when combined, form a 
single piece of territory. Noncontiguous areas form disjoint pieces.
    Housing unit--A house, an apartment, a mobile home or trailer, or a 
group of rooms or a single room occupied as a separate living quarter 
or, if vacant, intended for occupancy as a separate living quarter. 
Separate living quarters are those in which the occupants live and eat 
separately from any other residents of the building and which have 
direct access from outside the building or through a common hall.
    Incorporated place--A type of governmental unit, incorporated under 
state law as a city, town (except in New England, New York, and 
Wisconsin), borough (except in Alaska and New York), or village, 
generally to provide governmental services for a concentration of 
people within legally prescribed boundaries.
    Minor civil division (MCD)--The primary governmental or 
administrative division of a county in 28 states and the Island Areas 
having legal boundaries, names, and descriptions. The MCDs represent 
many different types of legal entities with a wide variety of 
characteristics, powers, and functions depending on the state and type 
of MCD. In some states, some or all of the incorporated places also 
constitute MCDs.
    Municipio--A type of governmental unit that is the primary legal 
subdivision of Puerto Rico. The Census Bureau treats the municipio as 
the statistical equivalent of a county.
    Nonvisible feature--A map feature that is not visible on the ground 
and in imagery such as a city or county boundary through space, a 
property line, or line-of-sight extension of a road.
    Statistical geographic entity--A geographic entity that is 
specially defined and delineated, such as block group, CDP, or census 
tract, so that the Census Bureau may tabulate data for it. Designation 
as a statistical entity neither conveys nor confers legal ownership, 
entitlement, or jurisdictional authority.
    Urbanized area (UA)--An area consisting of a central place(s) and 
adjacent urban fringe that together have a minimum residential 
population of at least 50,000 people and generally an overall 
population density of at least 1,000 people per square mile. The Census 
Bureau uses published criteria to determine the qualification and 
boundaries of UAs at the time of each decennial census.
    Visible feature--A map feature that can be seen on the ground and 
in imagery, such as a road, railroad track, major above-ground 
transmission line or pipeline, river, stream, shoreline, fence, sharply 
defined mountain ridge, or cliff. A nonstandard visible feature is a 
feature that may not be clearly defined on the ground (such as a 
ridge), may be seasonal (such as an intermittent stream), or may be 
relatively impermanent (such as a fence). The Census Bureau generally 
requests verification that nonstandard features used as boundaries for 
the PSAP geographic areas pose no problem in their location during 
field work.
    Zona urbana--In Puerto Rico, the settled area functioning as the 
seat of government for a municipio. A zona urbana cannot cross a 
municipio boundary.

    Dated: January 22, 2018.
Ron S. Jarmin,
Associate Director for Economic Programs, Performing the Non-Exclusive 
Functions and Duties of the Director, Bureau of the Census.
[FR Doc. 2018-02623 Filed 2-14-18; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 3510-07-P



                                                 6934                        Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 32 / Thursday, February 15, 2018 / Notices

                                                 to an incorporated place with a                         verification that nonstandard features                Email: geo.psap.list@census.gov. Phone:
                                                 concentration of population, housing,                   used as boundaries for the PSAP                       301–763–3056 (PSAP hotline).
                                                 and commercial and nonresidential                       geographic areas pose no problem in                   SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
                                                 structures that is identifiable by name,                their location during field work.
                                                 but is not within an incorporated place.                                                                      I. History
                                                                                                           Dated: January 22, 2018.
                                                    Census tract—A small, relatively                                                                              Census designated places (CDPs) 1 are
                                                                                                         Ron S. Jarmin,
                                                 permanent statistical geographic                                                                              statistical geographic entities
                                                 division of a county defined for the                    Associate Director for Economic Programs,             representing closely settled,
                                                                                                         Performing the Non-Exclusive Functions, and
                                                 tabulation and publication of Census                                                                          unincorporated communities that are
                                                                                                         Duties of the Director, Bureau of the Census.
                                                 Bureau data. The primary goal of census                                                                       locally recognized and identified by
                                                                                                         [FR Doc. 2018–02622 Filed 2–14–18; 8:45 am]
                                                 tracts is to provide a set of nationally                                                                      name. They are the statistical
                                                                                                         BILLING CODE 3510–07–P
                                                 consistent, relatively small, statistical                                                                     equivalents of incorporated places, with
                                                 geographic units, with stable boundaries                                                                      the primary differences being the lack of
                                                 that facilitate analysis of data across                                                                       both a legally defined boundary and an
                                                                                                         DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                                                 time and between decennial censuses.                                                                          active, functioning governmental
                                                    Conjoint—A description of a                          Bureau of the Census                                  structure, chartered by the state and
                                                 boundary line shared by two adjacent                                                                          administered by elected officials. CDPs
                                                 geographic entities.                                                                                          defined for the 2020 Census will also be
                                                    Contiguous—A description of areas                    [Docket Number 171002956–7974–01]
                                                                                                                                                               used to tabulate American Community
                                                 sharing common boundary lines, more                                                                           Survey, Puerto Rico Community Survey,
                                                                                                         Census Designated Places (CDPs) for
                                                 than a single point, such that the areas,                                                                     and Economic Census data after 2020,
                                                                                                         the 2020 Census—Proposed Criteria
                                                 when combined, form a single piece of                                                                         and potentially data from other Bureau
                                                 territory. Noncontiguous areas form                     AGENCY:  Bureau of the Census,                        of the Census (Census Bureau) censuses
                                                 disjoint pieces.                                        Commerce.                                             and surveys.
                                                    Federally managed land—Territory                     ACTION: Notice of proposed program and                   The CDP concept and delineation
                                                 that is federally owned and/or                          request for comments.                                 criteria have evolved over the past six
                                                 administered by an agency of the U.S.                                                                         decades in response to data user needs
                                                 federal government, such as the                         SUMMARY:   The Census Bureau is                       for place-level data. This evolution has
                                                 National Park Service, Bureau of Land                   publishing this notice in the Federal                 taken into account differences in the
                                                 Management, or Department of Defense.                   Register to request comments from the                 way in which places were perceived,
                                                    Incorporated place—A type of                         public and other government agencies                  and the propensity for places to
                                                 governmental unit, incorporated under                   on the criteria and guidelines for                    incorporate in various states. The result,
                                                 state law as a city, town (except in New                identifying Census designated places                  over time, has been an increase in the
                                                 England, New York, and Wisconsin),                      (CDPs). The Census Bureau will respond                number and types of unincorporated
                                                 borough (except in Alaska and New                       to the comments in the Federal Register               communities identified as CDPs, as well
                                                 York), or village, generally to provide                 notice announcing the final criteria.                 as increasing consistency in the
                                                 governmental services for a                             After the final criteria are published in             relationship between the CDP concept
                                                 concentration of people within legally                  the Federal Register, the Census Bureau               and the kinds of places encompassed by
                                                 prescribed boundaries.                                  will offer designated governments or                  the incorporated place category, or a
                                                    Minor civil division (MCD)—The                       organizations an opportunity to review                compromise between localized
                                                 primary governmental or administrative                  and, if necessary, suggest updates to the             perceptions of place and a concept that
                                                 division of a county in 28 states and the               boundaries and attributes of the CDPs in              would be familiar to data users
                                                 Island Areas having legal boundaries,                   their geographic area under the                       throughout the United States, Puerto
                                                 names, and descriptions. The MCDs                       Participant Statistical Areas Program                 Rico, and the Island Areas.
                                                 represent many different types of legal                 (PSAP). In separate Federal Register                     Although not as numerous as
                                                 entities with a wide variety of                         notices, the PSAP program is seeking                  incorporated places or municipalities,2
                                                 characteristics, powers, and functions                  comment on the review and update of                   CDPs have been important geographic
                                                 depending on the state and type of                      census tracts, block groups, and census               entities since their introduction for the
                                                 MCD. In some states, some or all of the                 county divisions.                                     1950 Census (CDPs were referred to as
                                                 incorporated places also constitute                                                                           ‘‘unincorporated places’’ in the 1950,
                                                                                                         DATES: Written comments must be
                                                 MCDs.                                                                                                         1960 and 1970 decennial censuses). For
                                                                                                         submitted on or before May 14, 2018.
                                                    Nonvisible feature—A map feature                                                                           the 1950 Census, CDPs were defined
                                                 that is not visible on the ground and in                ADDRESSES: Please direct all written                  only outside urbanized areas and were
                                                 imagery such as a city or county                        comments on this proposed program to                  required to have at least 1,000 residents.
                                                 boundary through space, a property                      Vincent Osier, Geographic Standards,                  For the 1960 Census, CDPs could also be
                                                 line, or line-of-sight extension of a road.             Criteria, and Quality Branch, Geography               identified inside urbanized areas
                                                    Visible feature—A map feature that                   Division, U.S. Census Bureau, Room                    outside of New England, but these were
                                                 can be seen on the ground and in                        4H173, 4600 Silver Hill Road,                         required to have at least 10,000
                                                 imagery, such as a road, railroad track,                Washington, DC 20233–7400. Email:                     residents. The Census Bureau modified
                                                 major above-ground transmission line or                 geo.psap.list@census.gov. Phone: 301–                 the population threshold within
                                                 pipeline, river, stream, shoreline, fence,              763–3056 (PSAP Hotline).                              urbanized areas to 5,000 residents in
sradovich on DSK3GMQ082PROD with NOTICES2




                                                 sharply defined mountain ridge, or cliff.               FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:                      1970, allowed for CDPs in urbanized
                                                 A nonstandard visible feature is a                      Requests for additional information on                areas in New England in 1980, and
                                                 feature that may not be clearly defined                 this proposed program should be
                                                 on the ground (such as a ridge), may be                 directed to Vincent Osier, Geographic                   1 The term CDP includes comunidades and zonas

                                                 seasonal (such as an intermittent                       Standards, Criteria, and Quality Branch,              urbanas in Puerto Rico.
                                                                                                                                                                 2 Known by various terms throughout the United
                                                 stream), or may be relatively                           Geography Division, U.S. Census                       States: Cities, towns (except in the six New England
                                                 impermanent (such as a fence). The                      Bureau, Room 4H173, 4600 Silver Hill                  states, New York, and Wisconsin), villages, and
                                                 Census Bureau generally requests                        Road, Washington, DC 20233–7400.                      boroughs (except in New York and Alaska).



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                                                                             Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 32 / Thursday, February 15, 2018 / Notices                                            6935

                                                 lowered the threshold for CDPs within                   referencing the community name and a                  comprising a single piece of territory
                                                 urbanized areas to 2,500 in 1990. In                    directional term (i.e., north, south, east,           and containing a mix of residential,
                                                 time, other population thresholds were                  or west). Since a CDP is defined to                   nonresidential, and commercial uses
                                                 adopted for identification of CDPs in                   provide data for a single, named                      similar to that of an incorporated place
                                                 Alaska, Puerto Rico, the Island Areas,                  locality, the Census Bureau generally                 of similar size. Some CDPs, however,
                                                 and on American Indian reservations                     will not accept combinations of places                may be predominantly residential. Such
                                                 (AIRs). The Census Bureau eliminated                    and hyphenated place names defined as                 places should represent recognizably
                                                 all population threshold requirements                   a CDP. In the past, communities were                  distinct, locally known communities,
                                                 for Census 2000, achieving consistency                  often combined as a single CDP in order               but not typical suburban subdivisions.
                                                 between CDPs and incorporated places,                   to comply with the Census Bureau’s                    Examples of such predominantly
                                                 for which the Census Bureau                             former minimum population                             residential communities that can be
                                                 historically has published data without                 requirements. The Census Bureau’s                     recognized as CDPs are colonias, small
                                                 regard to population size.                              elimination of population threshold                   rural communities, and unincorporated
                                                    According to the 2010 Census, more                   criteria starting with Census 2000 made               resort and retirement communities.
                                                 than 38.7 million people in the United                  such combinations unnecessary. Other                     3. A CDP may not be located, either
                                                 States,3 Puerto Rico, and the Island                    communities were combined because                     partially or entirely, within an
                                                 Areas 4 lived in CDPs. The relative                     visible features were not available for               incorporated place or another CDP.
                                                 importance of CDPs varies from state to                 use as boundaries for separate CDPs.                     4. A CDP may be located in more than
                                                 state depending on laws governing                       The Census Bureau’s policy to allow the               one county but must not cross state
                                                 municipal incorporation and                             use of some nonvisible boundaries so                  boundaries. It is important to note,
                                                 annexation, but also depending on local                 that participants can separate individual             however, that since county boundaries
                                                 preferences and attitudes regarding the                 communities has dispensed with the                    provide important demarcations for
                                                 identification of places.                               need to have multi-place CDPs.                        communities, CDPs that cross county
                                                                                                            Multiple communities may only be                   lines should be kept to a minimum and
                                                 II. CDP Criteria and Guidelines for the                 combined to form a single CDP when                    identified only when the community
                                                 2020 Census                                             the identities of these communities have              clearly sees itself existing on both sides
                                                    The criteria proposed herein apply to                become so intertwined that the                        of a county boundary.
                                                 the United States, including AIRs and                   communities are commonly perceived                       5. There are no minimum population
                                                 off-reservation trust lands, Puerto Rico,               and referenced as a single place. For                 or housing unit thresholds for defining
                                                 and the Island Areas. In accordance                     example, the communities of Arden and                 CDPs; however, a CDP must contain
                                                 with the final criteria, the Census                     Arcade in California have grown                       some population or housing units or
                                                 Bureau may modify and, if necessary,                    together over time and residents                      both. For the 2020 Census, the Census
                                                 reject any proposals for CDPs that do                   commonly use the place name Arden-                    Bureau will not accept a CDP delineated
                                                 not meet the established criteria. In                   Arcade. Further, because of the                       with zero population and zero housing
                                                 addition, the Census Bureau reserves                    intertwined identity, residents would                 units. The Census Bureau recognizes
                                                 the right to modify the boundaries and                  have difficulty identifying a boundary                that some communities, such as a resort
                                                 attributes of CDPs as needed to maintain                between the separate, historical                      or other kinds of seasonal communities,
                                                 geographic relationships before the final               communities of Arden and Arcade.                      may lack population at certain times of
                                                 tabulation geography is set for the 2020                Multiple communities may also be                      the year. Nevertheless, there should be
                                                 Census.                                                 defined as a single CDP when there are                some evidence, generally in the form of
                                                    The Census Bureau proposes the                       no distinguishable or suitable features               houses, barracks, dormitories,
                                                 following criteria and guidelines for use               in the landscape that can be used as a                commercial buildings and/or other
                                                 in identifying the areas that will qualify              boundary between the communities,                     nonresidential structures, providing the
                                                 for designation as CDPs for use in                      even if the two communities still have                basis for local perception of the place’s
                                                 tabulating data from the 2020 Census,                   separate identities. For example, the                 existence. The Census Bureau will
                                                 the American Community Survey, the                      CDP of Ashton-Sandy Spring in                         review the number of housing units
                                                 Puerto Rico Community Survey, the                       Maryland encompasses two                              within the place, as reported in the
                                                 Economic Census, and potentially other                  communities that still maintain separate              previous decennial census or as seen in
                                                 Census Bureau censuses and surveys.                     identities in common, daily usage. The                imagery, and consider whether
                                                    1. A CDP constitutes a single, closely               two communities, however, have grown                  additional information is needed before
                                                 settled center of population that is                    together to such an extent that a clear               recognizing the CDP. Participants
                                                 named. To the extent possible,                          break between the two communities is                  submitting boundaries for places with
                                                 individual unincorporated communities                   no longer identifiable in the landscape.              less than ten housing units may be
                                                 should be identified as separate CDPs.                  In general, when considering whether to               asked to provide additional information
                                                 Similarly, a single community should be                 combine multiple communities as a                     attesting to the existence of the CDP.
                                                 defined as a single CDP rather than                     single CDP, the following questions                      6. CDP boundaries should follow
                                                 multiple CDPs with each part                            should be taken into account:                         visible features, except in those
                                                                                                            • Do residents commonly perceive                   circumstances when a CDP’s boundary
                                                   3 For Census Bureau purposes, the United States       and refer to the communities as a single              is coincident with the nonvisible
                                                 typically refers to only the fifty states and the       entity?                                               boundary of a state, county, minor civil
                                                 District of Columbia and does not include the U.S.         • Are there landscape elements, such               division (in the six New England states,
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                                                 territories (Puerto Rico, the Island Areas, and the                                                           Michigan, Minnesota, New Jersey, New
                                                 U.S. Minor Outlying Islands).                           as signs, that use a hyphenated name for
                                                   4 The Island Areas include the U.S. territories       the community?                                        York, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin), or
                                                 American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the                    • Can residents or other                           incorporated place. CDP boundaries
                                                 Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and the U.S.            knowledgeable individuals identify                    may follow other nonvisible features in
                                                 Virgin Islands. There are no CDPs in American           clear, commonly accepted boundaries                   instances where reliance upon visible
                                                 Samoa or the Commonwealth of the Northern
                                                 Mariana Islands because villages are considered         for the individual communities?                       features would result in overbounding
                                                 incorporated places and cover the entire territory         2. A CDP generally consists of a                   of the CDP in order to include housing
                                                 and population in each territory.                       contiguous cluster of census blocks                   units on both sides of a road or street


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                                                 6936                        Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 32 / Thursday, February 15, 2018 / Notices

                                                 feature. Such boundaries might include                  ‘‘reservation,’’ designations such as                 entities with a wide variety of
                                                 parcel boundaries and public land                       colonies, communities, pueblos,                       characteristics, powers, and functions
                                                 survey system lines; fence lines;                       rancherias, and reserves apply to AIRs.               depending on the state and type of
                                                 national, state, or local park boundaries;                 Census block—A geographic area                     MCD. In some states, some or all of the
                                                 ridgelines; or drainage ditches.                        bounded by visible and/or invisible                   incorporated places also constitute
                                                    7. The CDP name should be one that                   features shown on a map prepared by                   MCDs.
                                                 is recognized and used in daily                         the Census Bureau. A block is the
                                                 communication by the residents of the                   smallest geographic entity for which the                 Municipio—A type of governmental
                                                 community. Because unincorporated                       Census Bureau tabulates and publishes                 unit that is the primary legal
                                                 communities generally lack legally                      decennial census data.                                subdivision of Puerto Rico. The Census
                                                 defined boundaries, a commonly used                        Census county division (CCD)—Areas                 Bureau treats the municipio as the
                                                 community name and the geographic                       delineated by the Census Bureau in                    statistical equivalent of a county.
                                                 extent of its use by local residents is                 cooperation with state, tribal, and local                Nonvisible feature—A map feature
                                                 often the best identifier of the extent of              officials for statistical purposes. CCDs              that is not visible on the ground and in
                                                 a place. The assumption being that if                   have no legal function and are not                    imagery such as a city or county
                                                 residents associate with a particular                   governmental units. CCD boundaries                    boundary through space, a property
                                                 name and use it to identify the place in                usually follow visible features and                   line, or line-of-sight extension of a road.
                                                 which they live, then the CDP’s                         usually coincide with census tract
                                                 boundaries can be mapped based on the                   boundaries. The name of each CCD is                      Statistical geographic entity—A
                                                 use of the name. There should be                        based on a place, county, or well-known               geographic entity that is specially
                                                 features in the landscape that use the                  local name that identifies its location.              defined and delineated, such as block
                                                 name, such that a non-resident would                       Coextensive—A description of two or                group, CDP, or census tract, so that the
                                                 have a general sense of the location or                 more geographic entities that cover                   Census Bureau may tabulate data for it.
                                                 extent of the community; for example,                   exactly the same area, with all                       Designation as a statistical entity neither
                                                 signs indicating when one is entering                   boundaries shared.                                    conveys nor confers legal ownership,
                                                 the community; highway exit signs that                     Colonia—A small, generally                         entitlement, or jurisdictional authority.
                                                 use the name; or businesses, schools, or                unincorporated community located in                      Urbanized area (UA)—An area
                                                 other buildings that make use of the                    one of the states on the U.S.-Mexico                  consisting of a central place(s) and
                                                 name. It should not be a name                           border where residents often build or                 adjacent urban fringe that together have
                                                 developed solely for planning or other                  provide their own housing and that                    a minimum residential population of at
                                                 purposes (including simply to obtain                    usually lacks utilities, paved roads, and             least 50,000 people and generally an
                                                 data from the Census Bureau) that is not                other infrastructure typically found                  overall population density of at least
                                                 in regular daily use by the local                       other similarly sized communities.
                                                                                                                                                               1,000 people per square mile. The
                                                 residents and business establishments.                     Comunidad—A CDP in Puerto Rico
                                                    8. A CDP may not have the same                       that is not related to a municipio’s seat             Census Bureau uses published criteria
                                                 name as an adjacent or nearby                           of government, called an aldea or a                   to determine the qualification and
                                                 incorporated place. If the community                    ciudad prior to the 1990 Census.                      boundaries of UAs at the time of each
                                                 does not have a name that distinguishes                    Contiguous—A description of areas                  decennial census.
                                                 it from other nearby communities, then                  sharing common boundary lines, more                      Visible feature—A map feature that
                                                 the community is not a distinct place.                  than a single point, such that the areas,             can be seen on the ground and in
                                                 The use of directional terms (‘‘north,’’                when combined, form a single piece of                 imagery, such as a road, railroad track,
                                                 ‘‘south,’’ ‘‘east,’’ ‘‘west,’’ and so forth) to         territory. Noncontiguous areas form                   major above-ground transmission line or
                                                 merely differentiate the name of a CDP                  disjoint pieces.                                      pipeline, river, stream, shoreline, fence,
                                                 from a nearby municipality where this                      Housing unit—A house, an apartment,                sharply defined mountain ridge, or cliff.
                                                 name is not in local use is not                         a mobile home or trailer, or a group of               A nonstandard visible feature is a
                                                 acceptable. Again, this has much to do                  rooms or a single room occupied as a                  feature that may not be clearly defined
                                                 with the way in which people typically                  separate living quarter or, if vacant,                on the ground (such as a ridge), may be
                                                 refer to the places in which they live. It              intended for occupancy as a separate                  seasonal (such as an intermittent
                                                 is permissible to change the name of a                  living quarter. Separate living quarters              stream), or may be relatively
                                                 2010 CDP for the 2020 Census if the                     are those in which the occupants live
                                                                                                                                                               impermanent (such as a fence). The
                                                 new name provides a better                              and eat separately from any other
                                                                                                                                                               Census Bureau generally requests
                                                 identification of the community.                        residents of the building and which
                                                                                                                                                               verification that nonstandard features
                                                                                                         have direct access from outside the
                                                 III. Definitions of Key Terms                                                                                 used as boundaries for the PSAP
                                                                                                         building or through a common hall.
                                                    American Indian off-reservation trust                   Incorporated place—A type of                       geographic areas pose no problem in
                                                 land—An area of land located outside                    governmental unit, incorporated under                 their location during field work.
                                                 the boundaries of an AIR whose                          state law as a city, town (except in New                 Zona urbana—In Puerto Rico, the
                                                 boundaries are established by deed and                  England, New York, and Wisconsin),                    settled area functioning as the seat of
                                                 which are held in trust by the U.S.                     borough (except in Alaska and New                     government for a municipio. A zona
                                                 federal government for a federally                      York), or village, generally to provide               urbana cannot cross a municipio
                                                 recognized American Indian tribe or                     governmental services for a                           boundary.
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                                                 members of that tribe.                                  concentration of people within legally                  Dated: January 22, 2018.
                                                    American Indian reservation (AIR)—                   prescribed boundaries.
                                                 An area of land with boundaries                            Minor civil division (MCD)—The                     Ron S. Jarmin,
                                                 established by final treaty, statute,                   primary governmental or administrative                Associate Director for Economic Programs,
                                                 executive order, and/or court order and                 division of a county in 28 states and the             Performing the Non-Exclusive Functions and
                                                 over which a federally recognized                       Island Areas having legal boundaries,                 Duties of the Director, Bureau of the Census.
                                                 American Indian tribal government has                   names, and descriptions. The MCDs                     [FR Doc. 2018–02623 Filed 2–14–18; 8:45 am]
                                                 governmental authority. Along with                      represent many different types of legal               BILLING CODE 3510–07–P




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Document Created: 2018-02-15 00:20:58
Document Modified: 2018-02-15 00:20:58
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionNotices
ActionNotice of proposed program and request for comments.
DatesWritten comments must be submitted on or before May 14, 2018.
ContactRequests for additional information on this proposed program should be directed to Vincent Osier, Geographic Standards, Criteria, and Quality Branch, Geography Division, U.S. Census Bureau, Room 4H173, 4600 Silver Hill Road, Washington, DC 20233- 7400. Email: [email protected] Phone: 301-763-3056 (PSAP hotline).
FR Citation83 FR 6934 

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