SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. What action is EPA proposing to take?

EPA is finalizing the approval of changes to North Carolina's SIP that were provided to EPA through NCDAQ via a letter dated April 13, 2021.^[1] Specifically, EPA is approving changes to 15A North Carolina Administrative Code (NCAC) Subchapter 02D, Section .0900, Volatile Organic Compounds (hereinafter referred to as Section .0900).^[2] The April 13, 2021, revision to the North Carolina SIP transmits a few substantive changes and a number of changes that do not alter the meaning of the regulations, such as clarifying changes, updated cross-references, and several ministerial language changes. In addition, other changes include adding, deleting, and editing definitions and adding SIP-strengthening language.

North Carolina's Section .0900 rules regulate sources that emit greater than or equal to 15 pounds of VOC per day, unless otherwise specified in Section .0900. Most of the SIP changes to Section .0900 are ministerial and formatting changes, with clarifying changes throughout. Specifically, EPA is approving changes to Rules .0901, Definitions;.0902, Applicability;.0903, Recordkeeping: Reporting: Monitoring;.0906, Circumvention;.0909, Compliance Schedules for Sources in Ozone Nonattainment and Maintenance Areas;.0912, General Provisions on Test Methods and Procedures;.0918, Can Coating;.0919, Coil Coating;.0922, Metal Furniture Coatings;.0923, Surface Coating of Large Appliance Parts;.0924, Magnet Wire Coating;.0925, Petroleum Liquid Storage in Fixed Roof Tanks;.0928, Gasoline Service Stations Stage 1;.0930, Solvent Metal Cleaning;.0931, Cutback Asphalt;.0933, Petroleum Liquid Storage in External Floating Roof Tanks;.0935, Factory Surface Coating of Flat Wood Paneling;.0937, Manufacture of Pneumatic Rubber Tires;.0943, Synthetic Organic Chemical and Polymer Manufacturing;.0944, Manufacture of Polyethylene: Polypropylene and Polystyrene;.0945 Petroleum Dry Cleaning;.0947, Manufacture of Synthesized Pharmaceutical Products;.0948, VOC Emissions from Transfer Operations;.0949, Storage of Miscellaneous Volatile Organic Compounds;.0951, RACT For Sources of Volatile Organic Compounds;.0955, Thread Bonding Manufacturing;.0956, Glass Christmas Ornament Manufacturing;.0957, Commercial Bakeries;.0961, Offset Lithographic Printing and Letterpress Printing;.0962, Industrial Cleaning Solvents;.0963, Fiberglass Boat Manufacturing Materials;.0964, Miscellaneous Industrial Adhesives;.0965, Flexible Package Printing;.0966, Paper, Film and Foil Coatings;.0967, Miscellaneous Metal and Plastic Parts Coatings; and .0968, Automobile and Light Duty Truck Assembly Coatings.^[3]

Through a notice of proposed rulemaking (NPRM), published on June 13, 2023, EPA proposed to approve North Carolina's April 13, 2021, submission. The proposed changes included various ministerial and minor changes to language and other clarifying changes throughout North Carolina's ( printed page 51714) rules in 02D Section .0900, Volatile Organic Compounds. The details of North Carolina's submission, as well as EPA's rationale for approving the changes, are described in more detail in the June 13, 2023, NPRM. See88 FR 38441. Comments on the June 13, 2023, NPRM were due on or before July 13, 2023. No comments were received on the June 13, 2023, NPRM.

II. Incorporation by Reference

In this document, EPA is finalizing regulatory text that includes incorporation by reference. In accordance with the requirements of 1 CFR 51.5, and as discussed in Section I of this preamble, EPA is finalizing the incorporation by reference 15A NCAC Subchapter 02D Rules .0901, Definitions;.0902, Applicability, with the exception of paragraph .0902(d)(2) and the reference in paragraph .0902(c) to paragraph .0902(d)(2); .0903, Recordkeeping: Reporting: Monitoring;.0906, Circumvention;.0909, Compliance Schedules for Sources in Ozone Nonattainment and Maintenance Areas;.0912, General Provisions on Test Methods and Procedures;.0918, Can Coating;.0919, Coil Coating;.0922, Metal Furniture Coatings;.0923, Surface Coating of Large Appliance Parts;.0924, Magnet Wire Coating;.0925, Petroleum Liquid Storage in Fixed Roof Tanks;.0928, Gasoline Service Stations Stage 1;.0930, Solvent Metal Cleaning;.0931, Cutback Asphalt;.0933, Petroleum Liquid Storage in External Floating Roof Tank s; .0935, Factory Surface Coating of Flat Wood Paneling;.0937, Manufacture of Pneumatic Rubber Tires;.0943, Synthetic Organic Chemical and Polymer Manufacturing;.0944, Manufacture of Polyethylene: Polypropylene and Polystyrene;.0945, Petroleum Dry Cleaning;.0947, Manufacture of Synthesized Pharmaceutical Products;.0948, VOC Emissions from Transfer Operations;.0949, Storage of Miscellaneous Volatile Organic Compounds;.0951, RACT for Sources of Volatile Organic Compounds;.0955, Thread Bonding Manufacturing;.0956, Glass Christmas Ornament Manufacturing;.0957, Commercial Bakeries;.0961, Offset Lithographic Printing and Letterpress Printing;.0962, Industrial Cleaning Solvents;.0963, Fiberglass Boat Manufacturing Materials;.0964, Miscellaneous Industrial Adhesives;.0965, Flexible Package Printing;.0966, Paper, Film and Foil Coatings;.0967, Miscellaneous Metal and Plastic Parts Coatings; and .0968, Automobile and Light Duty Truck Assembly Coatings. These regulations were state effective on November 1, 2020. EPA has made, and will continue to make, these materials generally available through www.regulations.gov and at the EPA Region 4 Office (please contact the person identified in the For Further Information Contact section of this preamble for more information). Therefore, these materials have been approved by EPA for inclusion in the SIP, have been incorporated by reference by EPA into that plan, are fully federally enforceable under sections 110 and 113 of the CAA as of the effective date of the final rulemaking of EPA's approval, and will be incorporated by reference in the next update to the SIP compilation.^[4]

III. Final Action

EPA is finalizing the approval of the April 13, 2021, SIP revision to incorporate various changes to North Carolina's VOC air provisions into the SIP. Specifically, EPA is approving various ministerial and minor changes to language and other clarifying changes throughout North Carolina's rules in 02D Section .0900, Volatile Organic Compounds. EPA is approving these changes because they are consistent with the CAA.

IV. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

Under the CAA, the Administrator is required to approve a SIP submission that complies with the provisions of the Act and applicable Federal regulations. See42 U.S.C. 7410(k); 40 CFR 52.02(a). Thus, in reviewing SIP submissions, EPA's role is to approve state choices, provided that they meet the criteria of the CAA. This action merely approves state law as meeting Federal requirements and does not impose additional requirements beyond those imposed by state law. For that reason, this action:

• Is not a significant regulatory action subject to review by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Orders 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993) and 14094 (88 FR 21879, April 11, 2023);
• Does not impose an information collection burden under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
• Is certified as not having a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
• Does not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or uniquely affect small governments, as described in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4);
• Does not have Federalism implications as specified inExecutive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999);
• Is not subject toExecutive Order 13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997) because it approves a state program;
• Is not a significant regulatory action subject toExecutive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001); and
• Is not subject to requirements of Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 note) because application of those requirements would be inconsistent with the CAA.

In addition, the SIP is not approved to apply on any Indian reservation land or in any other area where EPA or an Indian tribe has demonstrated that a tribe has jurisdiction. In those areas of Indian country, the rule does not have tribal implications and will not impose substantial direct costs on tribal governments or preempt tribal law as specified by Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000).

Executive Order 12898 (Federal Actions To Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations, 59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994) directs Federal agencies to identify and address “disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects” of their actions on minority populations and low-income populations to the greatest extent practicable and permitted by law. EPA defines environmental justice (EJ) as “the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies.” EPA further defines the term fair treatment to mean that “no group of people should bear a disproportionate burden of environmental harms and risks, including those resulting from the negative environmental consequences of industrial, governmental, and commercial operations or programs and policies.”

NCDAQ did not evaluate EJ considerations as part of its SIP submittal; the CAA and applicable implementing regulations neither prohibit nor require such an evaluation. EPA did not perform an EJ analysis and did not consider EJ in this action. Due to the nature of the action being taken here, this action is expected to have a neutral to positive impact on the air quality of the affected area. Consideration of EJ is not required as ( printed page 51715) part of this action, and there is no information in the record inconsistent with the stated goal of E.O. 12898 of achieving EJ for people of color, low-income populations, and Indigenous peoples.

This action is subject to the Congressional Review Act, and EPA will submit a rule report to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the United States. This action is not a “major rule” as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).

Under section 307(b)(1) of the CAA, petitions for judicial review of this action must be filed in the United States Court of Appeals for the appropriate circuit by October 3, 2023. Filing a petition for reconsideration by the Administrator of this final rule does not affect the finality of this action for the purposes of judicial review nor does it extend the time within which a petition for judicial review may be filed and shall not postpone the effectiveness of such rule or action. This action may not be challenged later in proceedings to enforce its requirements. See section 307(b)(2).

For the reasons stated in the preamble, EPA amends 40 CFR part 52 as follows:

1. The authority citation for part 52 continues to read as follows:

Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.

2. In § 52.1770(c), amend table 1 by removing the entries for “Section .0901,” “Section .0902,” “Section .0903,” “Section .0906,” “Section .0909,” “Section .0912,” “Section .0918,” “Section .0919,” “Section .0922,” “Section .0923,” “Section .0924,” “Section .0925,” “Section .0928,” “Section .0930,” “Section .0931,” “Section .0933,” “Section .0935,” “Section .0937,” “Section .0943,” “Section .0944,” “Section .0945,” “Section .0947,” “Section .0948,” “Section .0949,” “Section .0951,” “Section .0955,” “Section .0956,” “Section .0957,” “Section .0961,” “Section .0962,” “Section .0963,” “Section .0964,” “Section .0965,” “Section .0966,” “Section .0967,” and “Section .0968;” and adding in their place entries for “Rule .0901,” “Rule .0902,” “Rule .0903,” “Rule .0906,” “Rule .0909,” “Rule .0912,” “Rule .0918,” “Rule .0919,” “Rule .0922,” “Rule .0923,” “Rule .0924,” “Rule .0925,” “Rule .0928,” “Rule .0930,” “Rule .0931,” “Rule .0933,” “Rule .0935,” “Rule .0937,” “Rule .0943,” “Rule .0944,” “Rule .0945,” “Rule .0947,” “Rule .0948,” “Rule .0949,” “Rule .0951,” “Rule .0955,” “Rule .0956,” “Rule .0957,” “Rule .0961,” “Rule .0962,” “Rule .0963,” “Rule .0964,” “Rule .0965,” “Rule .0966,” “Rule .0967,” and “Rule .0968.”

The amendment reads as follows:

88 FR 51713