SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

This notice is published as part of the National Park Service's administrative responsibilities under NAGPRA. The determinations in this notice are the sole responsibility of UWO, and additional information on the determinations in this notice, including the results of consultation, can be found in its inventory or related records. The National Park Service is not responsible for the determinations in this notice.

Abstract of Information Available

Human remains representing, at least, one individual have been identified and were removed from Friedrich 1 and 2 (47-WN-0151; 47-WN-0153), Winnebago County, WI. Part of the collections come from a field surface survey in 1972 by J.D. Volkman, then affiliated with WSU-O, now known as UWO. His investigation was incorporated into Alaric Faulkner's, then Assistant Professor at WSU-O, survey of the Middle Fox River passageway in the early 1970s. These sites were also collected by avocational archaeologists Richard (Dick) and Carol Mason for an undetermined amount of time. The Masons donated their private collection to UWO in 2018 and it has since been determined that they removed both cultural materials and human remains from the Friedrich 1 and Friedrich 2 sites. The sites are dated to the Woodland and post-contact periods. The 18 associated funerary objects are four lots of lithics, three lots of post-contact ceramics, three lots of glass, three lots of faunal bone, three lots of pre-contact ceramics, and two lots of post-contact metal. ( printed page 52335)

Human remains representing, at least, one individual have been identified and were removed from Bohn 1 (47-WN-0166), Bohn 2 (47-WN-0167), and Bohn 3 (47-WN-0242) in Winnebago County, WI. These sites are included together due to their spatial overlap and the arbitrary splitting of them when they were first investigated. The site identified as Bohn 2 was first included in an archaeological surface survey in 1966, run by G. Robert Peske, then Assistant Professor at Wisconsin State University, Oshkosh (now UWO). The sites of Bohn 1 and Bohn 2 were included in Alaric Faulkner's, then Assistant Professor at WSU-O, survey of the Middle Fox River passageway in the early 1970s. A note written by J.D. Volkman, a field supervisor on Faulkner's survey, was found in the archives of UWO that indicates there was “a burial or two” at Bohn 2. However, no evidence has been found of burials in any other documentation from this investigation in the 1970s, nor does UWO house any human remains from these investigations. Additionally, Richard (Dick) and Carol Mason, acting as avocational archaeologists, had a private collection from these sites that was donated to UWO in 2018. Sparse documentation included in their donation indicates that they collected remains from the surface of these sites, blurring the boundaries of the three Bohn sites further. Human cranial fragments were included in their donation from these sites, although the exact location from where they were taken within this area is unknown. The sites are dated to the Late Archaic, Woodland, Oneota, and post-contact time periods. The 17 associated funerary objects are four lots of lithics, four lots of pre-contact ceramics, two lots of post-contact ceramics, three lots of faunal remains, two lots of post-contact metal, one lot of pre-contact metal, and one lot of other post-contact materials.

Human remains representing, at least, one individual have been identified and were removed from the Freer Site (47-WN-0702), Winnebago County, WI. The collection held by the UWO from this site came from three different periods of removal. Assemblages were collected during an archaeological field school by G. Richard Peske, then Assistant Professor at Wisconsin State University, Oshkosh, in 1966 and J. D. Volkman in 1972, working under the auspices of UWO. Both of these investigations collected items from the surface of the site and did not involve excavation. Until recently, these two collections were assigned to a different site, 47-WN-0094, due to incorrect recording when they were investigated. However, the items from these two collections are now known to have come from within the bounds of 47-WN-0702. Additionally, Richard (Dick) and Carol Mason, acting as avocational archaeologists, had a private collection from this site. The Masons donated their private collection to UWO in 2018 and it was since determined that they had removed both cultural materials and human remains from the site of Freer. There is very little evidence of how the Masons removed Ancestors from this site and minimal documentation to indicate the nature of the archaeological deposits and remains when they were removed. The site itself is dated from through the Archaic, Woodland, Oneota, and post-contact time periods. The 10 associated funerary objects are two lots of lithics, three lots of pre-contact ceramics, two lots of post-contact ceramics, one lot of pre-contact metal, one lot of post-contact metal, and one lot of faunal remains.

Human remains representing, at least, one individual have been reasonably identified and were removed from the Clark Cottage site (47-WN-0168), Winnebago County, WI. The site was surface collected for many years, at least in part by Jim Clark Jr., but was only codified as an archaeological site in 1972 by J.D. Volkman and Dr. Alaric Faulkner, then Assistant Professor at Wisconsin State University—Oshkosh (now UWO). In 1983, Dr. Victoria Dirst, then Assistant Professor at UWO, conducted a regional survey, visiting Clark Cottage. Dirst and her students placed twelve one-meter test units into part of the site. In a single test unit, a shovel shaped incisor was recovered. The site is dated from the early Paleoindian through post-contact time periods. The two associated funerary objects are two lots of lithics. No known individuals were identified.

Human remains representing, at least, one individual have been reasonably identified and were removed from the Wentzel site (47-WN-0436), Winnebago County, WI. The individuals and cultural material were donated to UWO in 2018 by late avocational archaeologists Richard (Dick) and Carol Mason. The exact date of their collection from Wentzel is unknown but their record indicates they removed items from the surface of a cultivated field between 1960 and 1996. The site is dated from the Paleoindian through post-contact time periods. The nine associated funerary objects are one lot of lithics, one lot of pre-contact ceramics, one lot of faunal material, one lot of bone artifacts, one lot of pre-contact metal, one lot of post-contact ceramics, one lot of glass, one lot of post-contact metal, and one lot of other post-contact material. No known individuals were identified.

Human remains representing, at least, one individual have been reasonably identified and were removed from the Plummer's Harbor Road (47-WN-0439), Winnebago County, WI. The individuals and cultural material were donated to UWO in 2018 by late avocational archaeologists Richard (Dick) and Carol Mason. Their documentation indicates they surface collected the site in 1989. The site is dated through the Woodland, Oneota, and post-contact time periods. The six associated funerary objects are one lot of lithics, one lot of pre-contact ceramics, one lot of faunal material, one lot of pre-contact metal, one lot of post-contact ceramics, and one lot of glass. No known individuals were identified.

Cultural Affiliation

Based on the information available and the results of consultation, cultural affiliation is reasonably identified by the geographical location or acquisition history of the human remains and associated funerary objects described in this notice.

Determinations

UWO has determined that:

• The human remains described in this notice represent the physical remains of six individuals of Native American ancestry.
• The 62 objects described in this notice are reasonably believed to have been placed intentionally with or near individual human remains at the time of death or later as part of the death rite or ceremony.
• There is a connection between the human remains and associated funerary objects described in this notice and the Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes of the Fort Peck Indian Reservation, Montana; Bad River Band of the Lake Superior Tribe of Chippewa Indians of the Bad River Reservation, Wisconsin; Bay Mills Indian Community, Michigan; Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe of the Cheyenne River Reservation, South Dakota; Chippewa Cree Indians of the Rocky Boy's Reservation, Montana; Citizen Potawatomi Nation, Oklahoma; Crow Creek Sioux Tribe of the Crow Creek Reservation, South Dakota; Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe of South Dakota; Forest County Potawatomi Community, Wisconsin; Grand Traverse Band of Ottawa and Chippewa Indians, Michigan; Hannahville Indian Community, Michigan; Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin; Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska; Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma; Keweenaw Bay Indian ( printed page 52336) Community, Michigan; Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas; Kickapoo Tribe of Indians of the Kickapoo Reservation in Kansas; Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma; Lac Courte Oreilles Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin; Lac du Flambeau Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of the Lac du Flambeau Reservation of Wisconsin; Lac Vieux Desert Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Michigan; Little Shell Tribe of Chippewa Indians of Montana; Lower Brule Sioux Tribe of the Lower Brule Reservation, South Dakota; Lower Sioux Indian Community in the State of Minnesota; Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi (previously listed as Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians of Michigan); Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin; Miami Tribe of Oklahoma; Minnesota Chippewa Tribe, Minnesota (Six component reservations: Bois Forte Band (Nett Lake); Fond du Lac Band; Grand Portage Band; Leech Lake Band; Mille Lacs Band; White Earth Band); Nottawaseppi Huron Band of the Potawatomi, Michigan; Oglala Sioux Tribe; Otoe-Missouria Tribe of Indians, Oklahoma; Pokagon Band of Potawatomi Indians, Michigan and Indiana; Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation; Prairie Island Indian Community in the State of Minnesota; Red Cliff Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin; Red Lake Band of Chippewa Indians, Minnesota; Rosebud Sioux Tribe of the Rosebud Indian Reservation, South Dakota; Sac & Fox Nation of Missouri in Kansas and Nebraska; Sac & Fox Nation, Oklahoma; Sac & Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa; Saginaw Chippewa Indian Tribe of Michigan; Santee Sioux Nation, Nebraska; Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, Michigan; Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community of Minnesota; Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate of the Lake Traverse Reservation, South Dakota; Sokaogon Chippewa Community, Wisconsin; Spirit Lake Tribe, North Dakota; St. Croix Chippewa Indians of Wisconsin; Standing Rock Sioux Tribe of North & South Dakota; Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians of North Dakota; Upper Sioux Community, Minnesota; Winnebago Tribe of Nebraska; and the Yankton Sioux Tribe of South Dakota.

Requests for Repatriation

Written requests for repatriation of the human remains and associated funerary objects in this notice must be sent to the authorized representative identified in this notice under ADDRESSES . Requests for repatriation may be submitted by:

1. Any one or more of the Indian Tribes or Native Hawaiian organizations identified in this notice.

2. Any lineal descendant, Indian Tribe, or Native Hawaiian organization not identified in this notice who shows, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the requestor is a lineal descendant or an Indian Tribe or Native Hawaiian organization with cultural affiliation.

Repatriation of the human remains and associated funerary objects described in this notice to a requestor may occur on or after September 14, 2026. If competing requests for repatriation are received, UWO must determine the most appropriate requestor prior to repatriation. Requests for joint repatriation of the human remains and associated funerary objects are considered a single request and not competing requests. UWO is responsible for sending a copy of this notice to the Indian Tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations identified in this notice and any other consulting parties.

Authority: Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, 25 U.S.C. 3003, and the implementing regulations, 43 CFR 10.10.

91 FR 52334