SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

This notice is published as part of the National Park Service's administrative responsibilities under NAGPRA. The determinations in this notice are the sole responsibility of the History Colorado and additional information on the determinations in this notice, including the results of consultation, can be found in the summary or related records. The National Park Service is not responsible for the determinations in this notice.

Abstract of Information Available

A total of 20 cultural items have been requested for repatriation. The 20 sacred objects/objects of cultural patrimony are Eagle bone whistle (E.1893.16), Eagle bone whistle (E.1989.3), Pipe stem (2004.24.197), Quilled arm bands (E.983.1), Chekpa pouch, turtle (2004.24.250), Chekpa pouch, turtle (E.1915.4), Chekpa pouch, lizard (E.1946.2), Chekpa pouch, lizard (E.1524.1), Beaded pipe bag (E.1845.1), Beaded pipe bag (1932.2.1), Beaded pipe bag (E.2041.1), Cradleboard hood (E.2042.1), Rattle (E.1526.1), Horn spoon (E.1525.1), Leggings (H.294.1), Shirt (E.1007.1), Headdress (MC.Prop.200.B), Moccasin (E.1992.15), Horse whip/quirt (E.1531.1), and Drawing (E.1176.1).

Based on available information, these cultural items were collections items of James R. Walker. Walker was a physician and ethnographer who served in South Dakota from 1896 to 1914. Walker documented information concerning Lakota society, religion, and material culture. Over the course of his work in South Dakota, Walker collected numerous Lakota cultural materials, which became part of his broader ethnographic collection. The leggings are from the John D. Howland collection. John D. Howland (1840-1915) was a Colorado-based artist and former Captain in the 1st Colorado Cavalry. Available information indicates that Howland collected Native American cultural materials during his time in Colorado. All cultural items were taken out of South Dakota. Available information does not indicate that these cultural items were tested for or treated with hazardous substances. However, during their time in museum collections, they may have been stored in proximity to or alongside other cultural materials that had been treated with hazardous substances.

Determinations

History Colorado has determined that:

• The 20 sacred objects/objects of cultural patrimony described in this notice are, according to the Native American traditional knowledge of an Indian Tribe or Native Hawaiian organization, specific ceremonial objects needed by a traditional Native American religious leader for present-day adherents to practice traditional Native American religion, and have ongoing historical, traditional, or cultural importance central to the Native American group, including any constituent sub-group (such as a band, clan, lineage, ceremonial society, or other subdivision).
• There is a connection between the cultural items described in this notice and the Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe of the Cheyenne River Reservation, South Dakota.

Requests for Repatriation

Additional, written requests for repatriation of the cultural items in this notice must be sent to the authorized representative identified in this notice under ADDRESSES . Requests for repatriation may be submitted by any lineal descendant, Indian Tribe, or Native Hawaiian organization not identified in this notice who shows, by a preponderance of the evidence, that the requestor is a lineal descendant or a culturally affiliated Indian Tribe or Native Hawaiian organization.

Repatriation of the cultural items in this notice to a requestor may occur on or after October 9, 2026. If competing requests for repatriation are received, History Colorado must determine the most appropriate requestor prior to repatriation. Requests for joint repatriation of the cultural items are considered a single request and not competing requests. History Colorado is responsible for sending a copy of this notice to the Indian Tribes and Native Hawaiian organizations identified in this notice and to any other consulting parties.

Authority: Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, 25 U.S.C. 3004 and the implementing regulations, 43 CFR 10.9.

91 FR 57378