SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

In accordance with sections 705(d) and 735(d) of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended (the Act), on July 23, 2026, Commerce published its affirmative final determination of sales at less than fair value (LTFV) of lysine from China and its affirmative final determination that countervailable subsidies are being provided to producers and exporters of lysine from China.^[1]

On September 2, 2026, pursuant to sections 705(d) and 735(d) of the Act, the ITC notified Commerce of its final affirmative determinations that an industry in the United States is materially injured by reason of dumped imports of lysine from China, and subsidized imports of lysine from China, within the meaning of sections ( printed page 58628) 705(b)(1)(A)(i) and 735(b)(1)(A)(i) of the Act.^[2] On September 8, 2026, the ITC published its final determinations in the Federal Register .^[3]

Scope of the Orders

The products covered by these orders are lysine from China. For a complete description of the scope of the orders, see the appendix to this notice.

AD Order

On September 2, 2026, in accordance with section 735(d) of the Act, the ITC notified Commerce of its final determination that an industry in the United States is materially injured within the meaning of section 735(b)(1)(A)(i) of the Act by reason of imports of lysine from China that are sold in the United States at LTFV.^[4] Therefore, in accordance with sections 735(c)(2) and 736 of the Act, Commerce is issuing this AD order. Because the ITC determined that an industry in the United States is materially injured by reason of imports of lysine from China, unliquidated entries of such merchandise from the countries, entered or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, are subject to the assessment of antidumping duties.

Therefore, in accordance with section 736(a)(1) of the Act, Commerce will direct U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to assess, upon further instruction by Commerce, antidumping duties equal to the amount by which the normal value of the merchandise exceeds the export price (or constructed export price) of the merchandise on all relevant entries of lysine from China. Antidumping duties will be assessed on unliquidated entries of lysine entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption on or after March 6, 2026, the date of publication of the AD Preliminary Determination ,^[5] but will not include entries occurring after the expiration of the provisional measures period and before publication of the ITC's final injury determination, as further described in the “Provisional Measures—AD” section of this notice.

Suspension of Liquidation and Cash Deposits—AD

In accordance with section 736 of the Act, Commerce intends to instruct CBP to reinstitute the suspension of liquidation and continue the suspension of liquidation, as applicable, on all relevant entries of lysine from China, effective on September 8, 2026, the date of publication of the ITC's final affirmative injury determination in the Federal Register .^[6]

Commerce also intends to instruct CBP to require cash deposits equal to the estimated weighted-average dumping margins indicated in the tables below, adjusted by the relevant subsidy offsets. Accordingly, effective on the date of publication in the Federal Register of the notice of the ITC's final affirmative injury determination, CBP will require, at the same time as importers would normally deposit estimated customs duties on subject merchandise, a cash deposit equal to the rates listed in the tables below. The rate for the China-wide entity applies to all producers or exporter combinations not specifically listed, as appropriate. These instructions suspending liquidation and cash deposit requirements will remain in effect until further notice.

Estimated Weighted-Average Dumping Margins

The estimated weighted-average dumping margins are as follows:

Provisional Measures—AD

Section 773(d) of the Act states that suspension of liquidation pursuant to an affirmative preliminary determination may not remain in effect for more than four months, except where exporters representing a significant proportion of exports of the subject merchandise request that Commerce extend the four-month period to no more than six months. At the request of exporters that account for a significant proportion of lysine from China, Commerce extended the four-month period to six months.^[7]

In the underlying investigation, Commerce published the Preliminary Determinations on March 6, 2026. Therefore, the six-month period beginning on the date of the publication of the Preliminary Determinations ended on September 1, 2026. In accordance with section 733(d) of the Act and our practice, Commerce will instruct CBP to terminate the suspension of liquidation and to liquidate, without regard to antidumping duties, unliquidated entries of lysine from China entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption on or after September 2, 2026, the day on which the provisional AD measures expired, until and through the day preceding the date of publication of the ITC's final injury determination in the Federal Register .^[8] Suspension of liquidation and the collection of cash deposits will resume on the date of publication of the ITC's final determinations in the Federal Register .

CVD Order

As stated above, on September 2, 2026, the ITC notified Commerce of its final determination that an industry is materially injured within the meaning of section 705(b)(1)(A)(i) of the Act by reason of subsidized imports of lysine from China.^[9] Therefore, in accordance with sections 705(c)(2) and 706 of the Act, Commerce is issuing this CVD order. Because the ITC determined that an industry in the United States is materially injured by reason of subsidized imports of lysine from China, unliquidated entries of such merchandise from the countries, entered or withdrawn from warehouse for consumption, are subject to the assessment of countervailing duties.

Therefore, in accordance with section 706(a) of the Act, Commerce will direct CBP to assess, upon further instruction by Commerce, countervailing duties on all relevant entries of lysine from China, which are entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption on or after January 22, 2026, the date of publication of the CVD Preliminary Determination,^[10] but will not include entries occurring after the expiration of the provisional measures period and before publication of the ITC's final injury determination, as further described in the “Provisional Measures—CVD” section of this notice.

Suspension of Liquidation and Cash Deposits—CVD

In accordance with section 706 of the Act, Commerce intends to instruct CBP to reinstitute the suspension of liquidation and continue the suspension of liquidation, as applicable, on all relevant entries of lysine from China, effective on September 9, 2026, the date of publication of the ITC's final affirmative injury determination in the Federal Register ,^[11] and to assess, upon further instruction by Commerce, countervailing duties on each entry of subject merchandise in an amount based on the net countervailable subsidy rates below.

Commerce also intends to instruct CBP to require cash deposits equal to the amounts indicated in the tables below. Accordingly, effective on the date of publication in the Federal Register of the notice of the ITC's final affirmative injury determination, CBP will require, at the same time as importers would normally deposit estimated customs duties on subject merchandise, a cash deposit equal to the rates listed in the tables below. The all-others rate applies to all producers or exporters not specifically listed, as appropriate.

These instructions suspending liquidation and cash deposit requirements will remain in effect until further notice.

Estimated CVD Subsidy Rates

The estimated CVD subsidy rates, as published in Commerce's CVD Final Determination, are as follows:

Provisional Measures—CVD

Section 703(d) of the Act states that suspension of liquidation pursuant to an affirmative preliminary determination may not remain in effect for more than four months. Commerce published the CVD Preliminary Determination on January 22, 2026. Therefore, the four-month period beginning on the date of the publication of the CVD Preliminary Determination ended on May 21, 2026.

Therefore, in accordance with section 703(d) of the Act and our practice, Commerce will instruct CBP to terminate the suspension of liquidation and to liquidate, without regard to countervailing duties, unliquidated entries of lysine from China entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption on or after May 22, 2026, the first day provisional measures were no longer in effect, until and through the day preceding the date of publication of the ITC's final injury determinations in the Federal Register . Suspension of liquidation and the collection of cash deposits will resume on the date of publication of the ITC's final determinations in the Federal Register .

Establishment of the Annual Inquiry Service Lists

On September 20, 2021, Commerce published the Final Rule in the Federal Register .^[13] On September 27, 2021, Commerce also published the Procedural Guidance in the Federal Register .^[14] The Final Rule and Procedural Guidance provide that Commerce will maintain an annual inquiry service list for each order or suspended investigation, and any interested party submitting a scope ruling application or request for circumvention inquiry shall serve a copy of the application or request on the persons on the annual inquiry service list for that order, as well as any companion order covering the same merchandise from the same country of origin.

In accordance with the Procedural Guidance, for orders published in the Federal Register after November 21, 2021, Commerce will create an annual inquiry service list segment in Commerce's online e-filing and document management system, Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Electronic Service System (ACCESS), available at access.trade.gov, within five business days of publication of the notice of the order. Each annual inquiry service list will be saved in ACCESS, under each case number, and under a specific segment type called “AISL-Annual Inquiry Service List.” ^[15]

Interested parties who wish to be added to the annual inquiry service list for an order must submit an entry of appearance to the annual inquiry service list segment for the order in ACCESS within 30 days after the date of publication of the order. For ease of administration, Commerce requests that law firms with more than one attorney representing interested parties in an order designate a lead attorney to be included on the annual inquiry service list. Commerce will finalize the annual inquiry service list within five business days thereafter. As mentioned in the Procedural Guidance,  ^[16] the new annual inquiry service list will be in place until the following year, when the Opportunity Notice for the anniversary month of the order is published.

Commerce may update an annual inquiry service list at any time as needed based on interested parties' amendments to their entries of appearance to remove or otherwise modify their list of members and representatives, or to update contact information. Any changes or announcements pertaining to these procedures will be posted to the ACCESS website.

Special Instructions for the Petitioner and Foreign Governments

In the Final Rule, Commerce stated that, “after an initial request and placement on the annual inquiry service list, both petitioners and foreign governments will automatically be placed on the annual inquiry service list in the years that follow.” ^[17] Accordingly, as stated above, the petitioner and foreign governments should submit their initial entries of appearance after publication of this notice in order to appear in the first annual inquiry service lists for these orders. Pursuant to 19 CFR 351.225(n)(3), the petitioner and foreign governments will not need to resubmit their entries of appearance each year to continue to be included on the annual inquiry service list. However, the petitioner and foreign governments are responsible for making amendments to their entries of appearance during the annual update to the annual inquiry service list in accordance with the procedures described above.

Notification to Interested Parties

This notice constitutes the AD and CVD orders with respect to lysine from China, pursuant to section 736(a) of the Act. Interested parties can find a list of AD and CVD orders currently in effect at www.trade.gov/​data-visualization/​adcvd-proceedings.

These orders are published in accordance with sections 706(a) and 736(a) of the Act, and 19 CFR 351.211(b).

Appendix

Scope of the Orders

The scope of these orders covers animal feed grade L-lysine (lysine). Lysine is an essential amino acid added to animal feed that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. The scope covers lysine regardless of form, including lysine monohydrochloride, also ( printed page 58631) referred to as lysine HCL, lysine sulfate, and liquid lysine. The scope includes lysine that has been coated or encapsulated for use with ruminants to ensure bioavailability.

Lysine HCL in the dry form has the molecular formula C6H14N2O2HCl. The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry number for lysine HCL is 657-27-2. Lysine HCL contains a minimum of 78 percent lysine by weight, as well as additional amino acids, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and organic acids. Lysine sulfate is the sulfate salt of lysine, and in the dry form it has the molecular formula C6H16N2O6S. The CAS registry number for lysine sulfate is 60343-69-3. Lysine sulfate typically contains approximately 40-70 percent lysine by weight, as well as additional amino acids, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and organic acids. Liquid lysine is a concentrated form of lysine in an aqueous solution with the molecular formula C6H14N2O2. The CAS registry number for liquid lysine is 56-87-1. Liquid lysine normally contains at least 50 percent lysine by weight, as well as additional amino acids, carbohydrates, mineral salts, and organic acids.

The scope includes animal feed grade lysine that is combined with other products, including for example, by mixing, blending, compounding, or granulating ( e.g., base mixes, premixes, and concentrates). For such combined products, only the lysine component is covered by the scope of these orders.

Subject merchandise also includes lysine that has been processed in a third country, including by commingling, diluting, adding or removing additives, refining, converting from liquid to dry or dry to liquid form, coating or encapsulating, or performing any processing that would not otherwise remove the merchandise from the scope of these orders if performed in the subject country.

The merchandise covered by these orders is properly classified under Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) subheading 2922.41.0090. Lysine may also be classified under HTSUS subheadings 2922.41.0010, 2922.49.4950, 2309.90.7000, and 2309.90.9500. Although the HTSUS subheadings and the CAS registry numbers are provided for convenience and customs purposes, the written description of the scope of these orders is dispositive.

91 FR 58627