SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

This 36(b) arms sales notification is published to fulfill the requirements of section 155 of Public Law 104-164 dated July 21, 1996. The following is a copy of the attached Transmittal 22-08, Policy Justification and Sensitivity of Technology.

Transmittal No. 22-08

Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act, as amended

(i) Prospective Purchaser: Government of Pakistan

(ii) Total Estimated Value:

Funding Source: National Funds

(iii) Description and Quantity or Quantities of Articles or Services under Consideration for Purchase:

Major Defense Equipment (MDE):

Ninety-two (92) Link-16 systems

Six (6) Mk-82 inert 500-lb general purpose bomb bodies

Non-Major Defense Equipment:

The following non-MDE items will also be included: aircraft hardware and software modifications to support Operational Flight Program and mandated avionics updates; AN/APX-126 (or equivalent) Advanced Identification Friend or Foe (AIFF); KY-58M and KIV-78 cryptographic appliqués; AN/APQ-10C Simple Key Loaders; additional secure communications, precision navigation, and cryptographic devices and support; Joint Mission Planning Systems and support; Common Munitions Built-in-test Reprogramming Equipment; ADU-981 missile adaptor units and other weapons integration, test, and support equipment; spare and repair parts; software delivery and support; publications and technical documentation; full motion simulator, personnel training, and training equipment; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; studies and surveys; and other related elements of logistical and program support.

(iv) Military Department: Air Force (PK-D-VAA)

(v) Prior Related Cases, if any: None

(vi) Sales Commission, Fee, etc., Paid, Offered, or Agreed to be Paid: None known at this time

(vii) Sensitivity of Technology Contained in the Defense Article or Defense Services Proposed to be Sold: See Attached Annex

(viii) Date Report Delivered to Congress: December 4, 2025

* as defined in Section 47(6) of the Arms Export Control Act.

POLICY JUSTIFICATION

Pakistan—F-16 Cryptographic Mandate Compliance and Service Life Extension Program

The Government of Pakistan has requested to buy ninety-two (92) Link-16 systems and six (6) Mk-82 inert 500-lb general purpose bomb bodies. The following non-MDE items will also be included: aircraft hardware and software modifications to support Operational Flight Program and mandated avionics updates; AN/APX-126 (or equivalent) Advanced Identification Friend or Foe (AIFF); KY-58M and KIV-78 cryptographic appliqués; AN/APQ-10C Simple Key Loaders; additional secure communications, precision navigation, and cryptographic devices and support; Joint Mission Planning Systems and support; Common Munitions Built-in-test Reprogramming Equipment; ADU-981 missile adaptor units and other weapons integration, test, and support equipment; spare and repair parts; software delivery and support; publications and technical documentation; full motion simulator, personnel training, and training equipment; U.S. Government and contractor engineering, technical, and logistics support services; studies and surveys; and other related elements of logistical and program support. The estimated total cost is $686 million.

This proposed sale will support the foreign policy and national security objectives of the United States by ( printed page 60115) allowing Pakistan to retain interoperability with U.S. and partner forces in ongoing counterterrorism efforts and in preparation for future contingency operations.

The proposed sale will maintain Pakistan's capability to meet current and future threats by updating and refurbishing its Block-52 and Mid Life Upgrade F-16 fleet. These updates will provide more seamless integration and interoperability between the Pakistan Air Force and the U.S. Air Force in combat operations, exercises, and training, and refurbishment will extend the aircraft life through 2040 while addressing critical flight safety concerns. Pakistan has shown a commitment to maintaining its military forces and will have no difficulty absorbing these articles and services into its armed forces.

The proposed sale of this equipment and support will not alter the basic military balance in the region.

The principal contractor will be Lockheed Martin Company, located in Fort Worth, TX. At this time, the U.S. Government is not aware of any offset agreement proposed in connection with this potential sale. Any offset agreement will be defined in negotiations between the purchaser and the contractor.

Implementation of this proposed sale will not require the assignment of any additional U.S. Government or contractor representatives to Pakistan.

There will be no adverse impact on U.S. defense readiness as a result of this proposed sale.

Transmittal No. 22-08

Notice of Proposed Issuance of Letter of Offer Pursuant to Section 36(b)(1) of the Arms Export Control Act

Annex

Item No. vii

(vii) Sensitivity of Technology:

1. The Link-16 is an advanced command, control, communications, and intelligence (C3I) system incorporating high capacity, jam-resistant, digital communication links for exchange of near real-time tactical information, including both data and voice, among air, ground, and sea elements. It provides warfighter key theater functions such as surveillance, identification, air control, weapons engagement coordination, and direction for all services and allied forces. With updated cryptography, Link-16 will ensure interoperability into the future.

2. The Mk-82 inert general-purpose bomb is a 500-lb, free-fall, unguided, low-drag inert weapon used for integration testing. There is no explosive fill.

3. The AN/APX-126 Advanced Identification Friend or Foe Combined Interrogator Transponder is a system capable of transmitting and interrogating Mode 5.

4. The KY-58 and KIV-78 is a crypto applique for Mode 5 Identification Friend or Foe equipment. It can be loaded with Mode 5 classified elements.

5. The AN/APQ-10C Simple Key Loader is a handheld fill device for securely receiving, storing, and transferring data between cryptographic and communications equipment.

6. The Joint Mission Planning System is a multi-platform PC-based mission planning system.

7. The Common Munitions Built-In-Test Reprogramming Equipment (CMBRE) testers and ADU-891 missile adaptors for CMBRE testers are used to test the electronics in air-to-ground munitions and air-to-air missiles.

8. The highest level of classification of defense articles, components, and services included in this potential sale is SECRET.

9. If a technologically advanced adversary were to obtain knowledge of the specific hardware and software elements, the information could be used to develop countermeasures that might reduce weapon system effectiveness or be used in the development of a system with similar or advanced capabilities.

10. A determination has been made that Pakistan can provide substantially the same degree of protection for the sensitive technology being released as the U.S. Government. This sale is necessary in furtherance of the U.S. foreign policy and national security objectives outlined in the Policy Justification.

11. All defense articles and services listed in this transmittal have been authorized for release and export to the Government of Pakistan.

91 FR 60114