SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

On May 14, 2026, Commerce published in the Federal Register the Preliminary Determination and invited comments from interested parties.^[1] For a complete description of the events that occurred since Commerce published the Preliminary Determination, as well as a full discussion of the issues raised by parties for this final determination, see the Issues and Decision Memorandum.^[2] The Issues and Decision Memorandum is a public document and is on file electronically via Enforcement and Compliance's Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Centralized Electronic Service System (ACCESS), which is available to registered users at access.trade.gov. In addition, a complete version of the Issues and Decision Memorandum can be accessed directly at access.trade.gov/​frnotices.

Scope of the Investigation

The product covered by this investigation is chromium trioxide from India. For a complete description of the scope of this investigation, see Appendix I.

Scope Comments

We received no comments from interested parties on the scope of the investigation as it appeared in the Preliminary Determination.^[3] Therefore, we made no changes to the scope of the investigation.

Verification

Commerce conducted verification of the information relied upon in making its final determination in this investigation, in accordance with section 782(i) of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended (the Act). Specifically, we conducted on-site verifications of the subsidy information reported by the Government of India (GOI) and Vishnu Chemicals Ltd. (VCL) in July 2026 using standard verification procedures, including an examination of relevant sales and accounting records, and original source documents provided by respondents.^[4]

Analysis of Subsidy Programs and Comments Received

The subsidy programs under investigation, and the issues raised in the case and rebuttal briefs that were submitted by parties in this investigation, are discussed in the Issues and Decision Memorandum. For a list of the issues raised by parties, and to which we responded in the Issues and Decision Memorandum, see Appendix II to this notice.

Methodology

Commerce conducted this investigation in accordance with section 701 the Act. For each of the subsidy programs found to be countervailable, Commerce determines that there is a subsidy, i.e., a financial contribution by an “authority” that gives rise to a benefit to the recipient, and that the subsidy is specific.^[5] In making this final determination, Commerce relied, in part, on facts available and, because we found that one or more respondents did not act to the best of their ability to respond to Commerce's requests for information, we drew an adverse inference where appropriate in selecting from among the facts otherwise available.^[6] For a full description of the methodology underlying our final determination, see the Issues and Decision Memorandum.

Changes Since the Preliminary Determination

Based on our analysis of the information received during verification and comments received from interested parties, for this final determination, we made certain changes to the countervailable subsidy rate calculations for VCL and for all other producers/exporters. For a discussion of these changes, see the Issues and Decision Memorandum. ( printed page 64350)

All-Others Rate

Pursuant to section 705(c)(5)(A)(i) of the Act, Commerce will determine an all-others rate equal to the weighted average countervailable subsidy rates established for those exporters and/or producers individually investigated, excluding any zero and de minimis countervailable subsidy rates, and any rates based entirely under section 776 of the Act.

In this investigation, Commerce calculated an individual estimated countervailable subsidy rate for VCL, the only individually examined exporter/producer in this investigation. Because the only individual calculated rate is not zero, de minimis, or based entirely on facts otherwise available, the estimated weighted-average rate calculated for VCL is the rate assigned to all other producers and exporters, pursuant to section 705(c)(5)(A)(i) of the Act.

Final Determination

Commerce determines that the following estimated countervailable subsidy rates exist for the period January 1, 2024, through December 31, 2024:

Disclosure

Commerce intends to disclose its calculations and analysis performed to interested parties in this final determination within five days of its public announcement, or if there is no public announcement, within five days of the date of publication of this notice in the Federal Register , in accordance with 19 CFR 351.224(b).

Continuation of Suspension of Liquidation

As a result of our Preliminary Determination, and pursuant to sections 703(d)(1)(B) and (d)(2) of the Act, we instructed U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to collect cash deposits and suspend liquidation of entries of subject merchandise, as described in the scope of the investigation section, that were entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption on or after May 14, 2026, the date of publication of the Preliminary Determination in the Federal Register , for entries produced and/or exported by VCL and all other producers and exporters. In accordance with section 703(d) of the Act, we instructed CBP to discontinue the suspension of liquidation of all entries of subject merchandise entered or withdrawn from warehouse, on or after, September 11, 2026, but to continue the suspension of liquidation of all entries of subject merchandise that were subject to suspension of liquidation between May 14, 2026, and September 10, 2026.

If the U.S. International Trade Commission (ITC) issues a final affirmative injury determination, we will issue a countervailing duty order, reinstate the suspension of liquidation under section 706(a) of the Act, and require a cash deposit of estimated countervailing duties for such entries of subject merchandise in the amounts indicated above, in accordance with section 706(a) of the Act. If the ITC determines that material injury, or threat of material injury, does not exist, this proceeding will be terminated, and all estimated duties deposited or securities posted as a result of the suspension of liquidation will be refunded or canceled.

ITC Notification

In accordance with section 705(d) of the Act, Commerce will notify the ITC of its final affirmative determination that countervailable subsidies are being provided to producers and exporters of chromium trioxide from India. Because the final determination is affirmative, in accordance with section 705(b) of the Act, the ITC will make its final determination as to whether the domestic industry in the United States is materially injured, or threatened with material injury, by reason of imports of chromium trioxide from India no later than 45 days after this final determination. In addition, we are making available to the ITC all non-privileged and nonproprietary information related to this investigation. We will allow the ITC access to all privileged and business proprietary information in our files, provided the ITC confirms that it will not disclose such information, either publicly or under an administrative protective order (APO), without the written consent of the Assistant Secretary for Enforcement and Compliance.

If the ITC determines that material injury or threat of material injury does not exist, this proceeding will be terminated and all cash deposits will be refunded. If the ITC determines that such injury does exist, Commerce will issue a countervailing duty order directing CBP to assess, upon further instruction by Commerce, countervailing duties on all imports of the subject merchandise that are entered, or withdrawn from warehouse, for consumption on or after the effective date of the suspension of liquidation, as discussed above in the “Continuation of Suspension of Liquidation” section.

Administrative Protective Order

In the event that the ITC issues a final negative injury determination, this notice will serve as the only reminder to parties subject to an APO of their responsibility concerning the destruction of proprietary information disclosed under APO, in accordance with 19 CFR 351.305(a)(3). Timely written notification of the return/destruction of APO materials or conversion to judicial protective order is hereby requested. Failure to comply with the regulations and terms of an APO is a violation which is subject to sanction.

Notification to Interested Parties

This determination is issued and published pursuant to sections 705(d) and 777(i) of the Act, and 19 CFR 351.210(c).

Appendix I

Scope of the Investigation

The merchandise subject to this investigation is chromium trioxide (Chemical Abstracts Services (CAS) registry number 1333-82-0), regardless of form (dry or solution). Chromium trioxide is an inorganic compound with the molecular formula CrO₃ in dry form and H₂ CrO₄ in solution form. All relevant formulas refer to same product with one unit of Chromium (as Cr+6) and three units of Oxygen, such as Cr₄ O₁₂; and Cr_0.25 O_0.75.

The product in dry form is generally referred to as chromium trioxide, which is the acidic anhydride of chromic acid. Chromium trioxide in solution form may be referred to as chromic acid. However, the dry form may also be marketed under the name chromic acid.

A non-exhaustive list of other names used for the subject merchandise includes: chromic anhydride, chromic trioxide, chromium (VI) oxide, monochromium trioxide, chromia, chromium (VI) trioxide, trioxochromium, and chromtrioxid. A non-exhaustive list of trade names for the subject merchandise includes: 11910080KROMSAV-ANHIDRID IP, Aktivkohle, imprägniert, Typ PLWK, Chromsaure, and Chroomzuur.

All chromium trioxide is covered by the scope of this investigation irrespective of purity, particle size, or physical form. Chromium trioxide is generally imported in dry form, including in the form of pellets, flakes, powders, or beads, but the scope includes chromium trioxide in solution form. ( printed page 64351)

Chromium trioxide that has been blended with another product or products other than water is included in the scope if the resulting mix contains 90 percent or more of chromium trioxide by total formula weight, such as chromium trioxide mixed with a catalyst to make the product ready for use in metal finishing applications. If chromium trioxide is imported blended with another product, only the chromium trioxide content of the blend is included within the scope.

Subject merchandise also includes chromium trioxide that has been processed in a third country into a product that otherwise would be within the scope of this investigation, i.e., if any such further processing would not otherwise remove the merchandise from the scope of the investigation it is included in the scope of the investigation, including blending, flaking, mixing with water, or packaging. For example, the dry form of the subject merchandise may be imported into a third country and then processed into solution before shipment to the United States. Such a solution would be subject to the scope.

The subject merchandise is provided for in subheading 2819.10.0000 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS). In addition to 1333- 82-0, import documentation may also reflect CAS registry numbers 12324-05-9, 12324-08-2, and 1362947-20-3. Although the HTSUS subheading and CAS registry numbers are provided for convenience and customs purposes, the written description of the scope is dispositive.

Appendix II

List of Topics Discussed in the Issues and Decision Memorandum

I. Summary

II. Background

III. Subsidies Valuation

IV. Use of Facts Otherwise Available and Application of Adverse Inferences

V. Analysis of Programs

VI. Discussion of the Issues

Comment 1: Whether to Apply Total Adverse Facts Available (AFA) to VCL Due to Errors in VCL's Affiliation Reporting Discovered at Verification

Comment 2: Whether to Find that VCL Received Assistance Under an Unreported Input for Less Than Adequate Remuneration (LTAR) Program

Comment 3: Whether to Apply AFA to VCL with Respect to an Unreported Loan Program Discovered at Verification

Comment 4: Whether to Apply AFA to the Benefits Received By VCL Under the Advance Authorization Scheme (AAS)

Comment 5: Whether to Countervail the Coal for LTAR Program and Whether the Application of Facts Available (FA) is Warranted

Comment 6: Whether to Revise Commerce's Benefit Methodology for the Coal for LTAR Program

Comment 7: Whether the Remission of Duties and Taxes on Export Products (RoDTEP) Program Is Countervailable

Comment 8: Whether the AAS Program Is Countervailable

Comment 9: Whether to Change the Ocean Freight Benchmark

Comment 10: Whether to Revise the Benchmark Used Under the Coal for LTAR Program

Comment 11: Whether the Coal Cess Refund Is Countervailable

Comment 12: Whether to Attribute Benefits Received by Vishnu Barium Private Limited (VBPL) to VCL Under the Coal for LTAR Program

Comment 13: Whether to Correct the Coal for LTAR Rate Listed in the VCL Calculation Memorandum to Reflect the Rate Stated in the Post-Preliminary Calculations and Analysis

Comment 14: Whether VCL Used Other Programs or Benefited from Non-Measurable Programs

VII. Recommendation