Notices of Emergency and Major Disaster Declarations and Related Amendments
This is a notice of amendments to Presidential declarations of emergencies and major disasters, declared under the authority of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emerge...
This is a notice of amendments to Presidential declarations of emergencies and major disasters, declared under the authority of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act from February 2025 through September 2026.
DATES:
These amendments were issued between September 2, 2026, and September 24, 2026.
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
Dean Webster, Office of Response and Recovery, Federal Emergency Management Agency, 500 C Street SW, Washington, DC 20472, (202) 646-2833.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
The Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (“Stafford Act”) authorizes the President to declare a major disaster or emergency for a State or Federally Recognized Tribe. Declaration of an emergency or major disaster generally contains the following elements: incident type; incident period; designation of affected geographical areas; designation of Stafford Act assistance programs authorized for the declaration; and Federal cost-share for the assistance programs. FEMA's regulations require FEMA to publish certain declaration information in the
Federal Register
. This includes 44 CFR 206.40(b) (requiring the publication of the designated areas and eligible assistance) and 44 CFR 206.32 (requiring the publication of the incident period). In addition, FEMA publishes in the
Federal Register
notices for declarations that communicate all the required information both upon the initial declaration by the President, and when that information changes because a declaration is amended.
Below are listed 17 amendments to Presidential declarations of emergencies and major disasters, issued under the Stafford Act from September 2, 2026 through September 24, 2026.
[Internal Agency Docket No. FEMA-3650-EM]
Washington; Amendment No. 1 to Notice of an Emergency Disaster Declaration
This notice amends the notice of an emergency declaration for the State of Washington (FEMA-3650-EM), dated August 3, 2026, and related determinations. This amendment was issued September 9, 2026. Notice is hereby given that the incident period for this emergency is closed effective August 31, 2026.
The following Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Numbers (CFDA) are to be used for reporting and drawing funds: 97.030, Community Disaster Loans; 97.031, Cora Brown Fund; 97.032, Crisis Counseling; 97.033, Disaster Legal Services; 97.034, Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA); 97.046, Fire Management Assistance Grant; 97.048, Disaster Housing Assistance to Individuals and Households In Presidentially Declared Disaster Areas; 97.049, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance—Disaster Housing Operations for Individuals and Households; 97.050, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance to Individuals and Households—Other Needs; 97.036, Disaster Grants—Public Assistance (Presidentially Declared Disasters); 97.039, Hazard Mitigation Grant.
[Internal Agency Docket No. FEMA-3653-EM]
Nevada; Amendment No. 1 to Notice of an Emergency Declaration
This notice amends the notice of an emergency declaration for the State of Nevada (FEMA-3653-EM), dated September 1, 2026, and related determinations. This amendment was issued September 14, 2026. Notice is hereby given that the incident period for this emergency is closed effective September 9, 2026.
The following Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Numbers (CFDA) are to be used for reporting and drawing funds: 97.030, Community Disaster Loans; 97.031, Cora Brown Fund; 97.032, Crisis Counseling; 97.033, Disaster Legal Services; 97.034, Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA); 97.046, Fire Management Assistance Grant; 97.048, Disaster Housing Assistance to Individuals and Households In Presidentially Declared Disaster Areas; 97.049, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance—Disaster Housing Operations for Individuals and Households; 97.050, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance to Individuals and Households—Other Needs; 97.036, Disaster Grants—Public Assistance (Presidentially Declared Disasters); 97.039, Hazard Mitigation Grant.
[Internal Agency Docket No. FEMA-4860-DR]
Kentucky; Amendment No. 12 to Notice of a Major Disaster Declaration
This notice amends the notice of a major disaster declaration for the Commonwealth of Kentucky (FEMA-4860-DR), dated February 24, 2025, and related determinations. This change occurred on September 3, 2026. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) hereby gives notice that pursuant to the authority vested in the Administrator, under Executive Order 12148, as amended, Mary Hernandez-Marrero, of FEMA is appointed to act as the Federal Coordinating Officer for this disaster.
This action terminates the appointment of Leda M. Khoury as Federal Coordinating Officer for this disaster.
The following Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Numbers (CFDA) are to be used for reporting and drawing funds: 97.030, Community Disaster Loans; 97.031, Cora Brown Fund; 97.032, Crisis Counseling; 97.033, Disaster Legal Services; 97.034, Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA); 97.046, Fire Management Assistance Grant;
( printed page 69265)
97.048, Disaster Housing Assistance to Individuals and Households In Presidentially Declared Disaster Areas; 97.049, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance—Disaster Housing Operations for Individuals and Households; 97.050, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance to Individuals and Households—Other Needs; 97.036, Disaster Grants—Public Assistance (Presidentially Declared Disasters); 97.039, Hazard Mitigation Grant.
[Internal Agency Docket No. FEMA-4864-DR]
Kentucky; Amendment No. 7 to Notice of a Major Disaster Declaration
This notice amends the notice of a major disaster declaration for the Commonwealth of Kentucky (FEMA-4864-DR), dated April 24, 2025, and related determinations. This change occurred on September 3, 2026. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) hereby gives notice that pursuant to the authority vested in the Administrator, under Executive Order 12148, as amended, Mary Hernandez-Marrero, of FEMA is appointed to act as the Federal Coordinating Officer for this disaster.
This action terminates the appointment of Leda M. Khoury as Federal Coordinating Officer for this disaster.
The following Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Numbers (CFDA) are to be used for reporting and drawing funds: 97.030, Community Disaster Loans; 97.031, Cora Brown Fund; 97.032, Crisis Counseling; 97.033, Disaster Legal Services; 97.034, Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA); 97.046, Fire Management Assistance Grant; 97.048, Disaster Housing Assistance to Individuals and Households In Presidentially Declared Disaster Areas; 97.049, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance—Disaster Housing Operations for Individuals and Households; 97.050, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance to Individuals and Households—Other Needs; 97.036, Disaster Grants—Public Assistance (Presidentially Declared Disasters); 97.039, Hazard Mitigation Grant.
[Internal Agency Docket No. FEMA-4875-DR]
Kentucky; Amendment No. 5 to Notice of a Major Disaster Declaration
This notice amends the notice of a major disaster declaration for the Commonwealth of Kentucky (FEMA-4875-DR), dated May 23, 2025, and related determinations. This change occurred on September 3, 2026. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) hereby gives notice that pursuant to the authority vested in the Administrator, under Executive Order 12148, as amended, Mary Hernandez-Marrero, of FEMA is appointed to act as the Federal Coordinating Officer for this disaster.
This action terminates the appointment of Leda M. Khoury as Federal Coordinating Officer for this disaster.
The following Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Numbers (CFDA) are to be used for reporting and drawing funds: 97.030, Community Disaster Loans; 97.031, Cora Brown Fund; 97.032, Crisis Counseling; 97.033, Disaster Legal Services; 97.034, Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA); 97.046, Fire Management Assistance Grant; 97.048, Disaster Housing Assistance to Individuals and Households In Presidentially Declared Disaster Areas; 97.049, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance—Disaster Housing Operations for Individuals and Households; 97.050, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance to Individuals and Households—Other Needs; 97.036, Disaster Grants—Public Assistance (Presidentially Declared Disasters); 97.039, Hazard Mitigation Grant.
[Internal Agency Docket No. FEMA-4913-DR]
Kentucky; Amendment No. 4 to Notice of a Major Disaster Declaration
This notice amends the notice of a major disaster declaration for the Commonwealth of Kentucky (FEMA-4913-DR), dated May 29, 2026, and related determinations. This change occurred on September 3, 2026. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) hereby gives notice that pursuant to the authority vested in the Administrator, under Executive Order 12148, as amended, Mary Hernandez-Marrero, of FEMA is appointed to act as the Federal Coordinating Officer for this disaster.
This action terminates the appointment of Leda M. Khoury as Federal Coordinating Officer for this disaster.
The following Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Numbers (CFDA) are to be used for reporting and drawing funds: 97.030, Community Disaster Loans; 97.031, Cora Brown Fund; 97.032, Crisis Counseling; 97.033, Disaster Legal Services; 97.034, Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA); 97.046, Fire Management Assistance Grant; 97.048, Disaster Housing Assistance to Individuals and Households In Presidentially Declared Disaster Areas; 97.049, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance—Disaster Housing Operations for Individuals and Households; 97.050, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance to Individuals and Households—Other Needs; 97.036, Disaster Grants—Public Assistance (Presidentially Declared Disasters); 97.039, Hazard Mitigation Grant.
[Internal Agency Docket No. FEMA-4926-DR]
Kansas; Amendment No. 2 to Notice of a Major Disaster Declaration
This notice amends the notice of a major disaster declaration for the State of Kansas (FEMA-4926-DR), dated June 30, 2026, and related determinations. This change occurred on September 11, 2026. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) hereby gives notice that pursuant to the authority vested in the Administrator, under Executive Order 12148, as amended, John F. Boyle, of FEMA is appointed to act as the Federal Coordinating Officer for this disaster.
This action terminates the appointment of Willie G. Nunn as Federal Coordinating Officer for this disaster.
The following Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Numbers (CFDA) are to be used for reporting and drawing funds: 97.030, Community Disaster Loans; 97.031, Cora Brown Fund; 97.032, Crisis Counseling; 97.033, Disaster Legal Services; 97.034, Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA); 97.046, Fire Management Assistance Grant; 97.048, Disaster Housing Assistance to Individuals and Households In Presidentially Declared Disaster Areas; 97.049, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance—Disaster Housing Operations for Individuals and Households; 97.050, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance to Individuals and Households—Other Needs; 97.036, Disaster Grants—Public Assistance (Presidentially Declared Disasters); 97.039, Hazard Mitigation Grant.
[Internal Agency Docket No. FEMA-4930-DR]
Mississippi; Amendment No. 1 to Notice of a Major Disaster Declaration
This notice amends the notice of a major disaster declaration for the State of Mississippi (FEMA-4930-DR), dated August 3, 2026, and related determinations. This amendment was issued September 8, 2026. The notice of a major disaster declaration for the State of Mississippi is hereby amended to include the following area among those areas determined to have been adversely affected by the event declared a major disaster by the President in his declaration of June 30, 2026.
Perry County for Public Assistance.
The following Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Numbers (CFDA) are to be used for reporting and drawing funds: 97.030, Community Disaster Loans; 97.031, Cora Brown Fund; 97.032, Crisis Counseling; 97.033, Disaster Legal Services; 97.034, Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA); 97.046, Fire Management Assistance Grant; 97.048, Disaster Housing Assistance to Individuals and Households In Presidentially Declared Disaster Areas; 97.049,
( printed page 69266)
Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance—Disaster Housing Operations for Individuals and Households; 97.050 Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance to Individuals and Households—Other Needs; 97.036, Disaster Grants—Public Assistance (Presidentially Declared Disasters); 97.039, Hazard Mitigation Grant.
[Internal Agency Docket No. FEMA-4933-DR]
Indiana; Amendment No. 1 to Notice of a Major Disaster Declaration
This notice amends the notice of a major disaster declaration for the State of Indiana (FEMA-4933-DR), dated August 25, 2026, and related determinations. This amendment was issued September 9, 2026.
Notice is hereby given that the incident period for this disaster is closed effective August 24, 2026.
The following Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Numbers (CFDA) are to be used for reporting and drawing funds: 97.030, Community Disaster Loans; 97.031, Cora Brown Fund; 97.032, Crisis Counseling; 97.033, Disaster Legal Services; 97.034, Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA); 97.046, Fire Management Assistance Grant; 97.048, Disaster Housing Assistance to Individuals and Households In Presidentially Declared Disaster Areas; 97.049, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance—Disaster Housing Operations for Individuals and Households; 97.050, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance to Individuals and Households—Other Needs; 97.036, Disaster Grants—Public Assistance (Presidentially Declared Disasters); 97.039, Hazard Mitigation Grant.
[Internal Agency Docket No. FEMA-4933-DR]
Indiana; Amendment No. 2 to Notice of a Major Disaster Declaration
This notice amends the notice of a major disaster declaration for the State of Indiana (FEMA-4933-DR), dated August 25, 2026, and related determinations. This amendment was issued September 24, 2026.
The notice of a major disaster declaration for the State of Indiana is hereby amended to include the following areas among those areas determined to have been adversely affected by the event declared a major disaster by the President in his declaration of August 25, 2026.
Cass, Pike, and Putnam Counties for Individual Assistance.
Cass, Fountain, Grant, Parke, Pike, Putnam, Starke, Vermillion, and Warren Counties for Public Assistance.
Carroll, Marion, Morgan, Pulaski, Randolph, Rush, and Union Counties for Public Assistance (already designated for Individual Assistance).
The following Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Numbers (CFDA) are to be used for reporting and drawing funds: 97.030, Community Disaster Loans; 97.031, Cora Brown Fund; 97.032, Crisis Counseling; 97.033, Disaster Legal Services; 97.034, Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA); 97.046, Fire Management Assistance Grant; 97.048, Disaster Housing Assistance to Individuals and Households In Presidentially Declared Disaster Areas; 97.049, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance—Disaster Housing Operations for Individuals and Households; 97.050 Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance to Individuals and Households—Other Needs; 97.036, Disaster Grants—Public Assistance (Presidentially Declared Disasters); 97.039, Hazard Mitigation Grant.
[Internal Agency Docket No. FEMA-4935-DR]
Texas; Amendment No. 1 to Notice of a Major Disaster Declaration
This notice amends the notice of a major disaster declaration for the State of Texas (FEMA-4935-DR), dated September 1, 2026, and related determinations.
This amendment was issued September 9, 2026.
Notice is hereby given that the incident period for this disaster is closed effective August 4, 2026.
The following Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Numbers (CFDA) are to be used for reporting and drawing funds: 97.030, Community Disaster Loans; 97.031, Cora Brown Fund; 97.032, Crisis Counseling; 97.033, Disaster Legal Services; 97.034, Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA); 97.046, Fire Management Assistance Grant; 97.048, Disaster Housing Assistance to Individuals and Households In Presidentially Declared Disaster Areas; 97.049, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance—Disaster Housing Operations for Individuals and Households; 97.050, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance to Individuals and Households—Other Needs; 97.036, Disaster Grants—Public Assistance (Presidentially Declared Disasters); 97.039, Hazard Mitigation Grant.
[Internal Agency Docket No. FEMA-4935-DR]
Texas; Amendment No. 2 to Notice of a Major Disaster Declaration
This notice amends the notice of a major disaster declaration for the State of Texas (FEMA-4935-DR), dated September 1, 2026, and related determinations. This amendment was issued September 24, 2026.
The notice of a major disaster declaration for the State of Texas is hereby amended to include the following areas among those areas determined to have been adversely affected by the event declared a major disaster by the President in his declaration of September 1, 2026.
Grimes, Live Oak, McMullen, and Schleicher Counties for Public Assistance.
The following Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Numbers (CFDA) are to be used for reporting and drawing funds: 97.030, Community Disaster Loans; 97.031, Cora Brown Fund; 97.032, Crisis Counseling; 97.033, Disaster Legal Services; 97.034, Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA); 97.046, Fire Management Assistance Grant; 97.048, Disaster Housing Assistance to Individuals and Households In Presidentially Declared Disaster Areas; 97.049, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance—Disaster Housing Operations for Individuals and Households; 97.050 Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance to Individuals and Households—Other Needs; 97.036, Disaster Grants—Public Assistance (Presidentially Declared Disasters); 97.039, Hazard Mitigation Grant.
[Internal Agency Docket No. FEMA-4937-DR]
Kentucky; Amendment No. 1 to Notice of a Major Disaster Declaration
This notice amends the notice of a major disaster declaration for the Commonwealth of Kentucky (FEMA-4937-DR), dated September 1, 2026, and related determinations.
This change occurred on September 3, 2026.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) hereby gives notice that pursuant to the authority vested in the Administrator, under Executive Order 12148, as amended, Mary Hernandez-Marrero, of FEMA is appointed to act as the Federal Coordinating Officer for this disaster.
This action terminates the appointment of Leda M. Khoury as Federal Coordinating Officer for this disaster.
The following Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Numbers (CFDA) are to be used for reporting and drawing funds: 97.030, Community Disaster Loans; 97.031, Cora Brown Fund; 97.032, Crisis Counseling; 97.033, Disaster Legal Services; 97.034, Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA); 97.046, Fire Management Assistance Grant; 97.048, Disaster Housing Assistance to Individuals and Households In Presidentially Declared Disaster Areas; 97.049, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance—Disaster Housing Operations for Individuals and Households; 97.050, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance to Individuals and Households—Other Needs; 97.036, Disaster Grants—Public Assistance (Presidentially Declared Disasters); 97.039, Hazard Mitigation Grant.
[Internal Agency Docket No. FEMA-4940-DR]
Kansas; Amendment No. 1 to Notice of a Major Disaster Declaration
This notice amends the notice of a major disaster declaration for the State
( printed page 69267)
of Kansas (FEMA-4940-DR), dated September 1, 2026, and related determinations. This change occurred on September 11, 2026.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) hereby gives notice that pursuant to the authority vested in the Administrator, under Executive Order 12148, as amended, John F. Boyle, of FEMA is appointed to act as the Federal Coordinating Officer for this disaster.
This action terminates the appointment of Willie G. Nunn as Federal Coordinating Officer for this disaster.
The following Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Numbers (CFDA) are to be used for reporting and drawing funds: 97.030, Community Disaster Loans; 97.031, Cora Brown Fund; 97.032, Crisis Counseling; 97.033, Disaster Legal Services; 97.034, Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA); 97.046, Fire Management Assistance Grant; 97.048, Disaster Housing Assistance to Individuals and Households In Presidentially Declared Disaster Areas; 97.049, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance—Disaster Housing Operations for Individuals and Households; 97.050, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance to Individuals and Households—Other Needs; 97.036, Disaster Grants—Public Assistance (Presidentially Declared Disasters); 97.039, Hazard Mitigation Grant.
[Internal Agency Docket No. FEMA-4941-DR]
Oglala Sioux Tribe; Amendment No. 1 to Notice of a Major Disaster Declaration
This notice amends the notice of a major disaster declaration for the Oglala Sioux Tribe (FEMA-4941-DR), dated September 1, 2026, and related determinations. This change occurred on September 2, 2026.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) hereby gives notice that pursuant to the authority vested in the Administrator, under Executive Order 12148, as amended, Jeffrey Jones, of FEMA is appointed to act as the Federal Coordinating Officer for this disaster.
This action terminates the appointment of Edwin J. Martin as Federal Coordinating Officer for this disaster.
The following Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Numbers (CFDA) are to be used for reporting and drawing funds: 97.030, Community Disaster Loans; 97.031, Cora Brown Fund; 97.032, Crisis Counseling; 97.033, Disaster Legal Services; 97.034, Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA); 97.046, Fire Management Assistance Grant; 97.048, Disaster Housing Assistance to Individuals and Households In Presidentially Declared Disaster Areas; 97.049, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance—Disaster Housing Operations for Individuals and Households; 97.050, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance to Individuals and Households—Other Needs; 97.036, Disaster Grants—Public Assistance (Presidentially Declared Disasters); 97.039, Hazard Mitigation Grant.
[Internal Agency Docket No. FEMA-4943-DR]
Kansas; Amendment No. 1 to Notice of a Major Disaster Declaration
This notice amends the notice of a major disaster declaration for the State of Kansas (FEMA-4943-DR), dated September 1, 2026, and related determinations. This change occurred on September 11, 2026.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) hereby gives notice that pursuant to the authority vested in the Administrator, under Executive Order 12148, as amended, John F. Boyle, of FEMA is appointed to act as the Federal Coordinating Officer for this disaster.
This action terminates the appointment of Willie G. Nunn as Federal Coordinating Officer for this disaster.
The following Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Numbers (CFDA) are to be used for reporting and drawing funds: 97.030, Community Disaster Loans; 97.031, Cora Brown Fund; 97.032, Crisis Counseling; 97.033, Disaster Legal Services; 97.034, Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA); 97.046, Fire Management Assistance Grant; 97.048, Disaster Housing Assistance to Individuals and Households In Presidentially Declared Disaster Areas; 97.049, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance—Disaster Housing Operations for Individuals and Households; 97.050, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance to Individuals and Households—Other Needs; 97.036, Disaster Grants—Public Assistance (Presidentially Declared Disasters); 97.039, Hazard Mitigation Grant.
[Internal Agency Docket No. FEMA-4944-DR]
Colorado; Amendment No. 1 to Notice of a Major Disaster Declaration
This notice amends the notice of a major disaster declaration for the State of Colorado (FEMA-4944-DR), dated September 1, 2026, and related determinations. This change occurred on September 4, 2026.
The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) hereby gives notice that pursuant to the authority vested in the Administrator, under Executive Order 12148, as amended, James R. Stephenson, of FEMA is appointed to act as the Federal Coordinating Officer for this disaster.
This action terminates the appointment of Katherine B. Fox as Federal Coordinating Officer for this disaster.
The following Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance Numbers (CFDA) are to be used for reporting and drawing funds: 97.030, Community Disaster Loans; 97.031, Cora Brown Fund; 97.032, Crisis Counseling; 97.033, Disaster Legal Services; 97.034, Disaster Unemployment Assistance (DUA); 97.046, Fire Management Assistance Grant; 97.048, Disaster Housing Assistance to Individuals and Households In Presidentially Declared Disaster Areas; 97.049, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance—Disaster Housing Operations for Individuals and Households; 97.050, Presidentially Declared Disaster Assistance to Individuals and Households—Other Needs; 97.036, Disaster Grants—Public Assistance (Presidentially Declared Disasters); 97.039, Hazard Mitigation Grant.
Cameron Hamilton,
Administrator, Federal Emergency Management Agency.
Use this for formal legal and research references to the published document.
91 FR 69264
Web Citation
Suggested Web Citation
Use this when citing the archival web version of the document.
“Notices of Emergency and Major Disaster Declarations and Related Amendments,” thefederalregister.org (November 3, 2026), https://thefederalregister.org/documents/2026-22371/notices-of-emergency-and-major-disaster-declarations-and-related-amendments.