80_FR_10202 80 FR 10165 - Concentration Averaging and Encapsulation Branch Technical Position

80 FR 10165 - Concentration Averaging and Encapsulation Branch Technical Position

NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION

Federal Register Volume 80, Issue 37 (February 25, 2015)

Page Range10165-10168
FR Document2015-03913

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is issuing Revision 1 of the Branch Technical Position on Concentration Averaging and Encapsulation (CA BTP). This guidance provides acceptable methods that can be used to perform concentration averaging of low-level radioactive waste (LLW) for the purpose of determining its waste class for disposal.

Federal Register, Volume 80 Issue 37 (Wednesday, February 25, 2015)
[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 37 (Wednesday, February 25, 2015)]
[Notices]
[Pages 10165-10168]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2015-03913]


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NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION

[NRC-2011-0022]


Concentration Averaging and Encapsulation Branch Technical 
Position

AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

ACTION: Branch technical position; issuance.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) is issuing 
Revision 1 of the Branch Technical Position on Concentration Averaging 
and Encapsulation (CA BTP). This guidance provides acceptable methods 
that can be used to perform concentration averaging of low-level 
radioactive waste (LLW) for the purpose of determining its waste class 
for disposal.

DATES: The Branch Technical Position referenced in this document is 
available on February 25, 2015.

ADDRESSES: Please refer to Docket ID NRC-2011-0022 when contacting the 
NRC about the availability of information regarding this document. You 
may access publicly-available information related to this document 
using any of the following methods:
     Federal Rulemaking Web site: Go to http://www.regulations.gov and search for Docket ID NRC-2011-0022. Address 
questions about NRC dockets to Carol Gallagher; telephone: 301-415-
3463; email: [email protected]. For technical questions, contact 
the individual(s) listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section 
of this document.
     NRC's Agencywide Documents Access and Management System 
(ADAMS): You may obtain publicly available documents online in the 
ADAMS Public Documents collection at http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/adams.html. To begin the search, select ``ADAMS Public Documents'' and 
then select ``Begin Web-based ADAMS Search.'' For problems with ADAMS, 
please contact the NRC's Public Document Room (PDR) reference staff at 
1-800-397-4209, 301-415-4737, or by email to [email protected]. The 
ADAMS accession number for each document referenced in this notice (if 
that document is available in ADAMS) is provided the first time that a 
document is referenced. The revised Branch Technical Position on 
Concentration Averaging and Encapsulation consists of two volumes. 
Volume 1 (ADAMS Accession No. ML12254B065) contains the staff technical 
positions on averaging and certain other information. Volume 2 (ADAMS 
Accession No. ML12326A611) contains staff responses to stakeholder 
comments on the May 2012 draft (ADAMS Accession No. ML121170418) and 
the technical bases for the staff positions.
     NRC's PDR: You may examine and purchase copies of public 
documents at the NRC's PDR, Room O1-F21, One White Flint North, 11555 
Rockville Pike, Rockville, Maryland 20852.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Maurice Heath, Office of Nuclear 
Material Safety and Safeguards, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 
Washington, DC 20555-0001; telephone: 301-415-3137; email: 
[email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

[[Page 10166]]

I. Introduction

    The NRC is issuing Revision 1 of the CA BTP. This revision provides 
updated guidance on the interpretation of Sec.  61.55(a)(8) of Title 10 
of the Code of Federal Regulations (10 CFR), ``Determination of 
concentrations in wastes,'' as it applies to the classification (as 
Class A, B, or C waste) of a variety of different types and forms of 
LLW. Paragraph 61.55(a)(8) states that radionuclide concentrations can 
be averaged over the volume of the waste or its weight if the units are 
expressed as nanocuries per gram. The average radionuclide 
concentrations are compared with the waste classification tables in 10 
CFR 61.55 to determine the class of the waste. The waste class 
determines the minimum safety measures to be applied in order to 
provide reasonable assurance of safe disposal of the waste.
    The previous version of the CA BTP, published in 1995 (ADAMS 
Accession No. ML033630732), was issued before the NRC adopted its risk-
informed and performance-based regulatory policy. The revised CA BTP 
has been informed by that policy. The revised CA BTP also contains new 
guidance related to blending of LLW, as directed by the Commission in 
its Staff Requirements Memorandum for SECY-10-0043, ``Blending of Low-
Level Radioactive Waste,'' (ADAMS Accession No. ML102861764).

II. Background

    To provide protection for individuals who inadvertently intrude 
into a waste disposal facility, radioactive waste proposed for near-
surface disposal must be classified based on its hazard to the 
intruder. The NRC's regulation, ``Licensing Requirements for Land 
Disposal of Radioactive Waste,'' 10 CFR part 61, establishes a waste 
classification system based on the concentration of specific 
radionuclides contained in the waste. This system is one of the key 
components in ensuring protection of an inadvertent intruder. In 
determining these concentrations, the regulation states, in 10 CFR 
61.55(a)(8), that radionuclide concentrations can be averaged over the 
volume of the waste or its weight if the units are expressed as 
nanocuries per gram.
    Although 10 CFR part 61 acknowledges that concentration averaging 
for the purposes of classifying waste for disposal is acceptable, it 
does not specify limitations on the implementation of concentration 
averaging. The staff published a technical position on radioactive 
waste classification, initially developed in May 1983 (ADAMS Accession 
No. ML033630755), that provided guidance on concentration averaging. 
This 1983 technical position describes overall procedures acceptable to 
NRC staff which could be used by licensees to determine the presence 
and concentrations of the radionuclides listed in 10 CFR 61.55, and 
thereby classify waste for near-surface disposal. Section C.3 of the 
1983 technical position provided guidance on averaging of radionuclide 
concentrations for the purpose of classifying the waste.
    In 1995, the NRC staff updated a portion of the 1983 technical 
position, publishing as a separate document the ``Branch Technical 
Position on Concentration Averaging and Encapsulation,'' (60 FR 4451, 
January 23, 1995). The 1995 CA BTP significantly expanded and further 
defined Section C.3 of the 1983 technical position dealing with 
concentration averaging, specifying a number of constraints on 
concentration averaging.
    The current update to the CA BTP is necessary due to the 
significant number of changes in the LLW program since the CA BTP was 
published in 1995. First, the Commission reviewed the 1995 CA BTP's 
position on blending of LLW in 2010 and directed the staff to revise it 
to be more risk-informed and performance-based. The 1995 version 
constrained the concentration of certain waste types put into a mixture 
(e.g., ion exchange resins) to within a factor of 10 of the average 
concentration of the final mixture. The Commission directed the staff 
to replace this position and to implement a risk-informed, performance-
based approach for LLW blending that made the hazard (i.e., the 
radioactivity concentration) of the final mixture the primary 
consideration for averaging constraints. Second, the NRC adopted a 
risk-informed, performance-based regulatory approach for its programs 
in the late 1990's, after the 1995 CA BTP was published. The revised CA 
BTP more fully reflects that approach, not just for the blending 
position, but for other topics as well. One example is for 
concentration averaging of sealed radioactive sources. The 1995 CA BTP 
significantly constrained disposal of sealed sources. Many sources have 
no disposal path because of the constraints recommended in the 1995 
BTP. Licensees must store sealed sources for potentially long periods 
of time if there is no disposal option, and the sources are subject to 
loss or abandonment. The staff has re-examined the 1995 assumptions 
underlying the radioactivity constraints on their disposal. The CA 
BTP's revised positions are based on different, but conservative 
assumptions and will allow for the safe disposal of more sealed sources 
than the 1995 CA BTP. The revised position will enhance national 
security by ensuring that the safest and most secure method for 
managing sealed sources (i.e., permanent disposal in a licensed 
facility) is available to licensees.

III. Overview of Public Comments

    Revision 1 of the CA BTP has been developed after consideration of 
public comments on three drafts. The first draft (ADAMS Accession No. 
ML103430088) was noticed in the Federal Register on January 26, 2011 
(76 FR 4739). The second draft (ADAMS Accession No. ML112061191) was 
made available to the public in September 2011, in advance of a public 
workshop held in Albuquerque, New Mexico, on October 20, 2011. The 
third draft (ADAMS Accession No. ML121170418) was noticed in the 
Federal Register for public comment on June 11, 2012, (77 FR 34411). 
Information about obtaining these documents is available in the 
ADDRESSES section of this document.
    Fifteen organizations representing a variety of interests submitted 
comments on the drafts. They included Federal and State agencies and 
organizations, a nuclear power plant research organization, disposal 
and waste processing facility licensees, industry professional 
organizations, an advocacy group, and a waste services company. These 
comments have been considered by the NRC staff in developing this 
revision to the CA BTP. An overview of the changes to the 1995 CA BTP 
is presented below. Detailed responses to each of the public comments 
are available in Vol. 2 of the revised CA BTP and in the drafts 
referenced above.

IV. Overview of Revisions

    The major changes to the 1995 CA BTP are summarized below. Appendix 
B of Volume 1 of the revised CA BTP has a more complete list of 
changes. The staff responses to individual public comments are 
contained in Section 3 of Volume 2 of the CA BTP. Finally, a summary of 
the changes to the May 2012 version published for public comment is 
available in ADAMS Accession No. ML14157A227.
    Increase in cesium-137 sealed source activity limits. In the 
revised CA BTP, the staff has increased the limits for disposal of 
cesium-137 (Cs-137) sealed sources, using an improved technical basis 
and a reasonably foreseeable but conservative intruder scenario. 
Cesium-137 is used in sealed sources for

[[Page 10167]]

research, medical, and industrial purposes. The recommended constraint 
on the size of these sources for disposal has been increased from 1.1 
TBq (30 Ci) to 4.8 TBq (130 Ci), based on new, more risk-informed 
analysis. The revised CA BTP also specifies a process that licensees 
should use to request review by Agreement State regulators of proposed 
disposals of larger activity sources.
    Demonstration of adequate mixing in blended LLW. The revised CA BTP 
also addresses the Commission direction to ``develop a clear standard 
for determining homogeneity'' of blended waste. The 1995 CA BTP 
constrained the concentrations of inputs to a mixture of blended waste 
and therefore did not need to address the homogeneity of the final 
mixture. It included a ``Factor of 10'' concentration limit on waste 
blending which limited blending of waste streams with radionuclide 
concentrations to within a factor of 10 of the average concentrations 
in the blended product. The revised CA BTP specifies certain thresholds 
on radionuclide concentrations of waste streams that are blended 
together. Above these thresholds, licensees should demonstrate waste is 
adequately blended. Considerations for this demonstration are also 
discussed. The thresholds for demonstrating adequate blending and the 
guidance on demonstrating waste is adequately blended are based on a 
probabilistic dose assessment. This revision is risk-informed because 
of the method used to establish the threshold for the homogeneity 
demonstration. It is also performance-based because the position no 
longer constrains concentrations of inputs to a blending process but 
instead specifies criteria that the output (i.e., blended waste) must 
meet to protect an inadvertent intruder from potential hot spots in the 
waste.
    Alternative Approaches. Another revision to the CA BTP is the 
addition of specific guidance for licensees to use in proposing site- 
or waste-specific averaging approaches, rather than the generic 
approaches specified in the body of the CA BTP. This revision is 
consistent with NRC's performance-based regulatory policy because it 
facilitates the use of other averaging approaches to meet the 10 CFR 
part 61 performance objective of protecting an inadvertent intruder. 
The 1995 CA BTP stated that alternative approaches for averaging should 
be approved under NRC's regulation in 10 CFR 61.58. By referencing a 
provision in the regulations that applies to alternatives to the 
requirements in 10 CFR part 61 (and not NRC staff guidance like the CA 
BTP), performance-based approaches to intruder protection were in 
effect discouraged. In addition, not all regulatory authorities in 
Agreement States that license disposal sites have this provision in 
their regulations, and so the regulatory mechanism for obtaining 
approval of alternatives was not available to all licensees. That is, 
some regulators could not authorize deviations from the 1995 CA BTP 
under that provision, even though site-specific features may have 
justified other averaging approaches. The revised CA BTP acknowledges 
that site-specific and other approaches may be used, and deviations 
from staff guidance in the CA BTP do not need the 10 CFR 61.58 approval 
that was previously specified. Instead, the regulatory authority may 
approve another approach in the same manner used for deviations from 
other NRC guidance.
    Risk-informed treatment of cartridge filters. In the 1995 CA BTP, 
cartridge filters, a waste type generated during the operation of 
nuclear power plants, were defined as discrete objects subject to 
certain averaging constraints on each filter. Each filter had to be 
radiologically characterized and fit within the specified averaging 
constraints of the 1995 CA BTP. While that default position remains in 
place, the revised CA BTP also allows for the treatment of such filters 
as blendable waste, with a documented justification. Characterizing the 
overall blendable waste mixture and classifying the mixture based on 
its total radioactivity, rather than individual items, is permitted for 
many other waste types in the revised CA BTP. This more risk-informed 
position is justified because in practice many filters do not present a 
gamma hazard to an intruder, based on their actual radionuclide 
concentrations.
    Risk-informed averaging of other discrete waste items. The 1995 CA 
BTP constrained the averaging of discrete items with its Factors of 1.5 
(which applied to primary gamma emitters) and 10 (which applied to 
other radionuclides). The factors applied to the average radionuclide 
concentrations in a mixture of certain discrete items, such as 
activated metals, such that the radionuclide concentrations in all 
items in a mixture had to be within those factors for the average of 
the mixture. These factors ensure uniformity of radionuclide 
concentrations in mixtures of items, but such mixtures could be 
uniformly low in concentration and risk. Thus, there is no relationship 
between the 1995 CA BTP position and acceptable risk (or dose). The 
revised CA BTP ties the averaging factors to the class limit for 
radionuclide concentrations (not the average of the mixture), which has 
a relationship to risk because the class limits are based on a dose of 
5 mSv/yr (500 mrem/yr) exposure to an inadvertent intruder. The staff 
also revised the Factor of 1.5 to 2, since the uncertainty associated 
with intruder protection does not justify the precision implied by the 
first factor.
    In developing the revised CA BTP, the staff identified one issue 
that may need further clarification. One of the categories of discrete 
wastes that are subject to special concentration averaging constraints 
is ``contaminated materials.'' The 1995 CA BTP defines contaminated 
materials as components or metals on which radioactivity resides on or 
near the surface in a fixed or removable condition. To demonstrate 
compliance with these averaging constraints, the radiological 
characteristics and volumes of individual items are typically 
determined. However, items with surface contamination may also be 
categorized as radioactive trash which is not subject to any special 
averaging constraints. Items in radioactive trash do not need to be 
individually characterized. Instead, a container of radioactive trash 
can be surveyed to determine its overall radioactivity and its 
classification determined by dividing the overall activity by the waste 
volume. Neither the 1995 CA BTP nor draft revisions published for 
public comment provided guidance for categorizing items as either 
contaminated materials or radioactive trash. In addition, the staff 
received no comments from stakeholders on this issue. The staff will 
consider whether additional guidance, such as a Regulatory Issue 
Summary (RIS), is warranted for distinguishing contaminated materials 
from radioactive trash. The staff may also formally clarify or 
supplement other positions in the CA BTP at a later time, as necessary.

V. Congressional Review Act

    This CA BTP is a rule as defined in the Congressional Review Act (5 
U.S.C. 801-9808). However, the Office of Management and Budget has not 
found it to be a major rule as defined in the Congressional Review Act.

VI. Implementation

    The revised CA BTP describes and makes available to NRC and 
Agreement State licensees, Agreement States, and the public, methods 
that the NRC believes are acceptable for implementing specific parts of 
the Commission's regulations. The positions in this document are not 
intended as a

[[Page 10168]]

substitute for regulations, and compliance with them is not required. 
Agreement States may use this information in establishing waste 
acceptance criteria for their licensees who are operating waste 
disposal sites. Applicants and licensees may use the information in the 
revised CA BTP when developing applications for initial licenses, 
amendments to licenses, or requests for NRC regulatory approval. 
Licensees may use the information in the revised CA BTP for actions 
(i.e., in determining average radionuclide concentrations in waste) 
that do not require prior NRC review and approval. Licensees may also 
use the information in the revised CA BTP to assist in attempting to 
resolve regulatory or inspection issues. Agreement States and current 
licensees may continue to use the previous guidance for complying with 
the concentration averaging provision in 10 CFR 61.55(a)(8) (i.e., the 
January 23, 1995, ``Final Branch Technical Position on Concentration 
Averaging and Encapsulation''). Current licensees may also voluntarily 
use positions in this revised CA BTP.
    In addition to the guidance in the revised CA BTP, licensees that 
ship waste for disposal in a 10 CFR part 61 or Agreement State 
equivalent facility should ensure that the waste meets the 
concentration averaging provisions in the land disposal facility 
license. Where there are conflicts with this guidance, the land 
disposal facility license conditions issued by the regulatory authority 
(i.e., the Agreement State) must be met.

VII. Backfitting

    The revised CA BTP revision describes a voluntary method that the 
NRC staff considers acceptable for complying with the regulation in 10 
CFR 61.55(a)(8), regarding averaging of radionuclide concentrations for 
the purpose of determining waste classification. Compliance with the 
revised CA BTP is not an NRC requirement, and licensees and applicants 
may choose this or another method to achieve compliance with this 
provision in the 10 CFR part 61. In particular, current licensees may 
continue to use the averaging positions in the 1995 CA BTP. The revised 
CA BTP does not require a backfit analysis, as described in 10 CFR 
50.109(c), because (1) it does not impose a new or amended provision in 
the NRC's rules, (2) does not present a regulatory staff position that 
interprets the NRC's rules in a manner that is either new or different 
from a previous staff position; and (3) does not require the 
modification of, or addition to, the systems, structures, components, 
or design of a facility, or the procedures or organizations required to 
design, construct, or operate a facility.

    Dated at Rockville, Maryland, this 30th day of January, 2015.
    For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
Larry W. Camper,
Director, Division of Decommissioning, Uranium Recovery and Waste 
Programs, Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards.
[FR Doc. 2015-03913 Filed 2-24-15; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 7590-01-P



                                                                              Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 37 / Wednesday, February 25, 2015 / Notices                                          10165

                                                      Agenda: Updates on NSF wide ACI                         Rockville, Maryland February 19, 2015.              DATES: The Branch Technical Position
                                                    activities.                                             E. Roy Hawkens,                                       referenced in this document is available
                                                      Dated: February 19, 2015.                             Chief Administrative Judge, Atomic Safety             on February 25, 2015.
                                                                                                            and Licensing Board Panel.
                                                    Suzanne Plimpton,                                                                                             ADDRESSES:   Please refer to Docket ID
                                                                                                            [FR Doc. 2015–03903 Filed 2–24–15; 8:45 am]
                                                    Acting, Committee Management Officer.                                                                         NRC–2011–0022 when contacting the
                                                                                                            BILLING CODE 7590–01–P
                                                    [FR Doc. 2015–03869 Filed 2–24–15; 8:45 am]                                                                   NRC about the availability of
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                                                                                                                                                                  information regarding this document.
                                                                                                                                                                  You may access publicly-available
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                                                                                                                                                                  for Docket ID NRC–2011–0022. Address
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                                                    Entergy Nuclear Vermont Yankee, LLC                                                                           technical questions, contact the
                                                                                                              Pursuant to 10 CFR 2.313(c) and
                                                    and Entergy Nuclear Operations, Inc.;                                                                         individual(s) listed in the FOR FURTHER
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                                                                                                            James Chaisson enforcement action
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                                                      Pursuant to delegation by the
                                                                                                            follows: Administrative Judge G. Paul                 Access and Management System
                                                    Commission, see 37 FR 28,710 (Dec. 29,
                                                                                                            Bollwerk, III (who was serving as a                   (ADAMS): You may obtain publicly
                                                    1972), and the Commission’s
                                                                                                            Licensing Board member in this                        available documents online in the
                                                    regulations, see, e.g., 10 CFR 2.104,
                                                                                                            proceeding) is appointed to serve as                  ADAMS Public Documents collection at
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                                                    following proceeding: Entergy Nuclear
                                                                                                            member.                                               Search.’’ For problems with ADAMS,
                                                    Vermont Yankee, LLC, And Entergy
                                                                                                              All correspondence, documents, and                  please contact the NRC’s Public
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                                                    Yankee Nuclear Power Station).                          other materials shall continue to be filed            Document Room (PDR) reference staff at
                                                                                                            in accordance with the NRC E-Filing                   1–800–397–4209, 301–415–4737, or by
                                                      This proceeding involves an                           rule. See 10 CFR 2.302 et seq.                        email to pdr.resource@nrc.gov. The
                                                    application by Entergy Nuclear Vermont                                                                        ADAMS accession number for each
                                                                                                              Issued at Rockville, Maryland this 19th day
                                                    Yankee, LLC and Entergy Nuclear                         of February 2015.                                     document referenced in this notice (if
                                                    Operations, Inc. for a license                                                                                that document is available in ADAMS)
                                                                                                            E. Roy Hawkens,
                                                    amendment for the Vermont Yankee                                                                              is provided the first time that a
                                                    Nuclear Power Station, which is located                 Chief Administrative Judge, Atomic Safety
                                                                                                            and Licensing Board Panel.                            document is referenced. The revised
                                                    in Vernon, Vermont. In response to a                                                                          Branch Technical Position on
                                                                                                            [FR Doc. 2015–03899 Filed 2–24–15; 8:45 am]
                                                    notice filed in the Federal Register, see                                                                     Concentration Averaging and
                                                    79 FR 73,106 (Dec. 9, 2014), a hearing                  BILLING CODE 7590–01–P
                                                                                                                                                                  Encapsulation consists of two volumes.
                                                    request was filed via the Electronic                                                                          Volume 1 (ADAMS Accession No.
                                                    Information Exchange on February 9,                                                                           ML12254B065) contains the staff
                                                    2015 by the State of Vermont through                    NUCLEAR REGULATORY
                                                                                                            COMMISSION                                            technical positions on averaging and
                                                    the Vermont Department of Public                                                                              certain other information. Volume 2
                                                    Service.                                                                                                      (ADAMS Accession No. ML12326A611)
                                                                                                            [NRC–2011–0022]
                                                      The Board is comprised of the                                                                               contains staff responses to stakeholder
                                                    following administrative judges:                        Concentration Averaging and                           comments on the May 2012 draft
                                                    Paul S. Ryerson, Chairman, Atomic                       Encapsulation Branch Technical                        (ADAMS Accession No. ML121170418)
                                                      Safety and Licensing Board Panel,                     Position                                              and the technical bases for the staff
                                                      U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission,                                                                         positions.
                                                                                                            AGENCY:  Nuclear Regulatory
                                                      Washington, DC 20555–0001.                            Commission.                                              • NRC’s PDR: You may examine and
                                                    Dr. Michael F. Kennedy, Atomic Safety                                                                         purchase copies of public documents at
                                                                                                            ACTION: Branch technical position;
                                                      and Licensing Board Panel, U.S.                                                                             the NRC’s PDR, Room O1–F21, One
                                                                                                            issuance.
                                                      Nuclear Regulatory Commission,                                                                              White Flint North, 11555 Rockville
                                                      Washington, DC 20555–0001.                            SUMMARY:   The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory                Pike, Rockville, Maryland 20852.
                                                                                                            Commission (NRC) is issuing Revision 1
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                                                    Dr. Richard E. Wardwell, Atomic Safety                                                                        FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
                                                                                                            of the Branch Technical Position on                   Maurice Heath, Office of Nuclear
                                                      and Licensing Board Panel, U.S.
                                                                                                            Concentration Averaging and                           Material Safety and Safeguards, U.S.
                                                      Nuclear Regulatory Commission,
                                                                                                            Encapsulation (CA BTP). This guidance                 Nuclear Regulatory Commission,
                                                      Washington, DC 20555–0001.
                                                                                                            provides acceptable methods that can be               Washington, DC 20555–0001; telephone:
                                                      All correspondence, documents, and                    used to perform concentration averaging               301–415–3137; email: Maurice.Heath@
                                                    other materials shall be filed in                       of low-level radioactive waste (LLW) for              nrc.gov.
                                                    accordance with the NRC E-Filing rule.                  the purpose of determining its waste
                                                    See 10 .FR 2.302.                                       class for disposal.                                   SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:



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                                                    10166                     Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 37 / Wednesday, February 25, 2015 / Notices

                                                    I. Introduction                                         May 1983 (ADAMS Accession No.                         on their disposal. The CA BTP’s revised
                                                       The NRC is issuing Revision 1 of the                 ML033630755), that provided guidance                  positions are based on different, but
                                                    CA BTP. This revision provides updated                  on concentration averaging. This 1983                 conservative assumptions and will
                                                    guidance on the interpretation of                       technical position describes overall                  allow for the safe disposal of more
                                                    § 61.55(a)(8) of Title 10 of the Code of                procedures acceptable to NRC staff                    sealed sources than the 1995 CA BTP.
                                                    Federal Regulations (10 CFR),                           which could be used by licensees to                   The revised position will enhance
                                                    ‘‘Determination of concentrations in                    determine the presence and                            national security by ensuring that the
                                                    wastes,’’ as it applies to the                          concentrations of the radionuclides                   safest and most secure method for
                                                                                                            listed in 10 CFR 61.55, and thereby                   managing sealed sources (i.e.,
                                                    classification (as Class A, B, or C waste)
                                                                                                            classify waste for near-surface disposal.             permanent disposal in a licensed
                                                    of a variety of different types and forms
                                                                                                            Section C.3 of the 1983 technical                     facility) is available to licensees.
                                                    of LLW. Paragraph 61.55(a)(8) states that
                                                                                                            position provided guidance on
                                                    radionuclide concentrations can be                                                                            III. Overview of Public Comments
                                                                                                            averaging of radionuclide
                                                    averaged over the volume of the waste                                                                            Revision 1 of the CA BTP has been
                                                                                                            concentrations for the purpose of
                                                    or its weight if the units are expressed                                                                      developed after consideration of public
                                                                                                            classifying the waste.
                                                    as nanocuries per gram. The average                        In 1995, the NRC staff updated a                   comments on three drafts. The first draft
                                                    radionuclide concentrations are                         portion of the 1983 technical position,               (ADAMS Accession No. ML103430088)
                                                    compared with the waste classification                  publishing as a separate document the                 was noticed in the Federal Register on
                                                    tables in 10 CFR 61.55 to determine the                 ‘‘Branch Technical Position on                        January 26, 2011 (76 FR 4739). The
                                                    class of the waste. The waste class                     Concentration Averaging and                           second draft (ADAMS Accession No.
                                                    determines the minimum safety                           Encapsulation,’’ (60 FR 4451, January                 ML112061191) was made available to
                                                    measures to be applied in order to                      23, 1995). The 1995 CA BTP                            the public in September 2011, in
                                                    provide reasonable assurance of safe                    significantly expanded and further                    advance of a public workshop held in
                                                    disposal of the waste.                                  defined Section C.3 of the 1983                       Albuquerque, New Mexico, on October
                                                       The previous version of the CA BTP,                  technical position dealing with                       20, 2011. The third draft (ADAMS
                                                    published in 1995 (ADAMS Accession                      concentration averaging, specifying a                 Accession No. ML121170418) was
                                                    No. ML033630732), was issued before                     number of constraints on concentration                noticed in the Federal Register for
                                                    the NRC adopted its risk-informed and                   averaging.                                            public comment on June 11, 2012, (77
                                                    performance-based regulatory policy.                       The current update to the CA BTP is                FR 34411). Information about obtaining
                                                    The revised CA BTP has been informed                    necessary due to the significant number               these documents is available in the
                                                    by that policy. The revised CA BTP also                 of changes in the LLW program since                   ADDRESSES section of this document.
                                                    contains new guidance related to                        the CA BTP was published in 1995.                        Fifteen organizations representing a
                                                    blending of LLW, as directed by the                     First, the Commission reviewed the                    variety of interests submitted comments
                                                    Commission in its Staff Requirements                    1995 CA BTP’s position on blending of                 on the drafts. They included Federal
                                                    Memorandum for SECY–10–0043,                            LLW in 2010 and directed the staff to                 and State agencies and organizations, a
                                                    ‘‘Blending of Low-Level Radioactive                     revise it to be more risk-informed and                nuclear power plant research
                                                    Waste,’’ (ADAMS Accession No.                           performance-based. The 1995 version                   organization, disposal and waste
                                                    ML102861764).                                           constrained the concentration of certain              processing facility licensees, industry
                                                    II. Background                                          waste types put into a mixture (e.g., ion             professional organizations, an advocacy
                                                                                                            exchange resins) to within a factor of 10             group, and a waste services company.
                                                       To provide protection for individuals                of the average concentration of the final             These comments have been considered
                                                    who inadvertently intrude into a waste                  mixture. The Commission directed the                  by the NRC staff in developing this
                                                    disposal facility, radioactive waste                    staff to replace this position and to                 revision to the CA BTP. An overview of
                                                    proposed for near-surface disposal must                 implement a risk-informed,                            the changes to the 1995 CA BTP is
                                                    be classified based on its hazard to the                performance-based approach for LLW                    presented below. Detailed responses to
                                                    intruder. The NRC’s regulation,                         blending that made the hazard (i.e., the              each of the public comments are
                                                    ‘‘Licensing Requirements for Land                       radioactivity concentration) of the final             available in Vol. 2 of the revised CA
                                                    Disposal of Radioactive Waste,’’ 10 CFR                 mixture the primary consideration for                 BTP and in the drafts referenced above.
                                                    part 61, establishes a waste                            averaging constraints. Second, the NRC
                                                    classification system based on the                      adopted a risk-informed, performance-                 IV. Overview of Revisions
                                                    concentration of specific radionuclides                 based regulatory approach for its                       The major changes to the 1995 CA
                                                    contained in the waste. This system is                  programs in the late 1990’s, after the                BTP are summarized below. Appendix
                                                    one of the key components in ensuring                   1995 CA BTP was published. The                        B of Volume 1 of the revised CA BTP
                                                    protection of an inadvertent intruder. In               revised CA BTP more fully reflects that               has a more complete list of changes. The
                                                    determining these concentrations, the                   approach, not just for the blending                   staff responses to individual public
                                                    regulation states, in 10 CFR 61.55(a)(8),               position, but for other topics as well.               comments are contained in Section 3 of
                                                    that radionuclide concentrations can be                 One example is for concentration                      Volume 2 of the CA BTP. Finally, a
                                                    averaged over the volume of the waste                   averaging of sealed radioactive sources.              summary of the changes to the May
                                                    or its weight if the units are expressed                The 1995 CA BTP significantly                         2012 version published for public
                                                    as nanocuries per gram.                                 constrained disposal of sealed sources.               comment is available in ADAMS
                                                       Although 10 CFR part 61                              Many sources have no disposal path                    Accession No. ML14157A227.
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                                                    acknowledges that concentration                         because of the constraints recommended                  Increase in cesium-137 sealed source
                                                    averaging for the purposes of classifying               in the 1995 BTP. Licensees must store                 activity limits. In the revised CA BTP,
                                                    waste for disposal is acceptable, it does               sealed sources for potentially long                   the staff has increased the limits for
                                                    not specify limitations on the                          periods of time if there is no disposal               disposal of cesium-137 (Cs-137) sealed
                                                    implementation of concentration                         option, and the sources are subject to                sources, using an improved technical
                                                    averaging. The staff published a                        loss or abandonment. The staff has re-                basis and a reasonably foreseeable but
                                                    technical position on radioactive waste                 examined the 1995 assumptions                         conservative intruder scenario. Cesium-
                                                    classification, initially developed in                  underlying the radioactivity constraints              137 is used in sealed sources for


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                                                                              Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 37 / Wednesday, February 25, 2015 / Notices                                           10167

                                                    research, medical, and industrial                       (and not NRC staff guidance like the CA               CA BTP ties the averaging factors to the
                                                    purposes. The recommended constraint                    BTP), performance-based approaches to                 class limit for radionuclide
                                                    on the size of these sources for disposal               intruder protection were in effect                    concentrations (not the average of the
                                                    has been increased from 1.1 TBq (30 Ci)                 discouraged. In addition, not all                     mixture), which has a relationship to
                                                    to 4.8 TBq (130 Ci), based on new, more                 regulatory authorities in Agreement                   risk because the class limits are based
                                                    risk-informed analysis. The revised CA                  States that license disposal sites have               on a dose of 5 mSv/yr (500 mrem/yr)
                                                    BTP also specifies a process that                       this provision in their regulations, and              exposure to an inadvertent intruder. The
                                                    licensees should use to request review                  so the regulatory mechanism for                       staff also revised the Factor of 1.5 to 2,
                                                    by Agreement State regulators of                        obtaining approval of alternatives was                since the uncertainty associated with
                                                    proposed disposals of larger activity                   not available to all licensees. That is,              intruder protection does not justify the
                                                    sources.                                                some regulators could not authorize                   precision implied by the first factor.
                                                       Demonstration of adequate mixing in                  deviations from the 1995 CA BTP under                    In developing the revised CA BTP, the
                                                    blended LLW. The revised CA BTP also                    that provision, even though site-specific             staff identified one issue that may need
                                                    addresses the Commission direction to                   features may have justified other                     further clarification. One of the
                                                    ‘‘develop a clear standard for                          averaging approaches. The revised CA                  categories of discrete wastes that are
                                                    determining homogeneity’’ of blended                    BTP acknowledges that site-specific and               subject to special concentration
                                                    waste. The 1995 CA BTP constrained                      other approaches may be used, and                     averaging constraints is ‘‘contaminated
                                                    the concentrations of inputs to a                       deviations from staff guidance in the CA              materials.’’ The 1995 CA BTP defines
                                                    mixture of blended waste and therefore                  BTP do not need the 10 CFR 61.58                      contaminated materials as components
                                                    did not need to address the                             approval that was previously specified.               or metals on which radioactivity resides
                                                    homogeneity of the final mixture. It                    Instead, the regulatory authority may                 on or near the surface in a fixed or
                                                    included a ‘‘Factor of 10’’ concentration               approve another approach in the same                  removable condition. To demonstrate
                                                    limit on waste blending which limited                   manner used for deviations from other                 compliance with these averaging
                                                    blending of waste streams with                          NRC guidance.                                         constraints, the radiological
                                                    radionuclide concentrations to within a                    Risk-informed treatment of cartridge               characteristics and volumes of
                                                    factor of 10 of the average                             filters. In the 1995 CA BTP, cartridge                individual items are typically
                                                    concentrations in the blended product.                  filters, a waste type generated during the            determined. However, items with
                                                    The revised CA BTP specifies certain                    operation of nuclear power plants, were               surface contamination may also be
                                                    thresholds on radionuclide                              defined as discrete objects subject to                categorized as radioactive trash which is
                                                    concentrations of waste streams that are                certain averaging constraints on each                 not subject to any special averaging
                                                    blended together. Above these                           filter. Each filter had to be radiologically          constraints. Items in radioactive trash
                                                    thresholds, licensees should                            characterized and fit within the                      do not need to be individually
                                                    demonstrate waste is adequately                         specified averaging constraints of the                characterized. Instead, a container of
                                                    blended. Considerations for this                        1995 CA BTP. While that default                       radioactive trash can be surveyed to
                                                    demonstration are also discussed. The                   position remains in place, the revised                determine its overall radioactivity and
                                                    thresholds for demonstrating adequate                   CA BTP also allows for the treatment of               its classification determined by dividing
                                                    blending and the guidance on                            such filters as blendable waste, with a               the overall activity by the waste volume.
                                                    demonstrating waste is adequately                       documented justification.                             Neither the 1995 CA BTP nor draft
                                                    blended are based on a probabilistic                    Characterizing the overall blendable                  revisions published for public comment
                                                    dose assessment. This revision is risk-                 waste mixture and classifying the                     provided guidance for categorizing
                                                    informed because of the method used to                  mixture based on its total radioactivity,             items as either contaminated materials
                                                    establish the threshold for the                         rather than individual items, is                      or radioactive trash. In addition, the
                                                    homogeneity demonstration. It is also                   permitted for many other waste types in               staff received no comments from
                                                    performance-based because the position                  the revised CA BTP. This more risk-                   stakeholders on this issue. The staff will
                                                    no longer constrains concentrations of                  informed position is justified because in             consider whether additional guidance,
                                                    inputs to a blending process but instead                practice many filters do not present a                such as a Regulatory Issue Summary
                                                    specifies criteria that the output (i.e.,               gamma hazard to an intruder, based on                 (RIS), is warranted for distinguishing
                                                    blended waste) must meet to protect an                  their actual radionuclide                             contaminated materials from radioactive
                                                    inadvertent intruder from potential hot                 concentrations.                                       trash. The staff may also formally clarify
                                                    spots in the waste.                                        Risk-informed averaging of other                   or supplement other positions in the CA
                                                       Alternative Approaches. Another                      discrete waste items. The 1995 CA BTP                 BTP at a later time, as necessary.
                                                    revision to the CA BTP is the addition                  constrained the averaging of discrete
                                                    of specific guidance for licensees to use               items with its Factors of 1.5 (which                  V. Congressional Review Act
                                                    in proposing site- or waste-specific                    applied to primary gamma emitters) and                   This CA BTP is a rule as defined in
                                                    averaging approaches, rather than the                   10 (which applied to other                            the Congressional Review Act (5 U.S.C.
                                                    generic approaches specified in the                     radionuclides). The factors applied to                801–9808). However, the Office of
                                                    body of the CA BTP. This revision is                    the average radionuclide concentrations               Management and Budget has not found
                                                    consistent with NRC’s performance-                      in a mixture of certain discrete items,               it to be a major rule as defined in the
                                                    based regulatory policy because it                      such as activated metals, such that the               Congressional Review Act.
                                                    facilitates the use of other averaging                  radionuclide concentrations in all items
                                                    approaches to meet the 10 CFR part 61                   in a mixture had to be within those                   VI. Implementation
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                                                    performance objective of protecting an                  factors for the average of the mixture.                 The revised CA BTP describes and
                                                    inadvertent intruder. The 1995 CA BTP                   These factors ensure uniformity of                    makes available to NRC and Agreement
                                                    stated that alternative approaches for                  radionuclide concentrations in mixtures               State licensees, Agreement States, and
                                                    averaging should be approved under                      of items, but such mixtures could be                  the public, methods that the NRC
                                                    NRC’s regulation in 10 CFR 61.58. By                    uniformly low in concentration and                    believes are acceptable for
                                                    referencing a provision in the                          risk. Thus, there is no relationship                  implementing specific parts of the
                                                    regulations that applies to alternatives                between the 1995 CA BTP position and                  Commission’s regulations. The positions
                                                    to the requirements in 10 CFR part 61                   acceptable risk (or dose). The revised                in this document are not intended as a


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                                                    10168                     Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 37 / Wednesday, February 25, 2015 / Notices

                                                    substitute for regulations, and                         systems, structures, components, or                   contract related to the proposed new
                                                    compliance with them is not required.                   design of a facility, or the procedures or            product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and
                                                    Agreement States may use this                           organizations required to design,                     39 CFR 3015.5. Id. Attachment B.
                                                    information in establishing waste                       construct, or operate a facility.                       To support its Request, the Postal
                                                    acceptance criteria for their licensees                   Dated at Rockville, Maryland, this 30th day         Service filed a copy of the contract, a
                                                    who are operating waste disposal sites.                 of January, 2015.                                     copy of the Governors’ Decision
                                                    Applicants and licensees may use the                      For the Nuclear Regulatory Commission.              authorizing the product, proposed
                                                    information in the revised CA BTP                       Larry W. Camper,                                      changes to the Mail Classification
                                                    when developing applications for initial                Director, Division of Decommissioning,                Schedule, a Statement of Supporting
                                                    licenses, amendments to licenses, or                    Uranium Recovery and Waste Programs,                  Justification, a certification of
                                                    requests for NRC regulatory approval.                   Office of Nuclear Material Safety and                 compliance with 39 U.S.C. 3633(a), and
                                                    Licensees may use the information in                    Safeguards.                                           an application for non-public treatment
                                                    the revised CA BTP for actions (i.e., in                [FR Doc. 2015–03913 Filed 2–24–15; 8:45 am]           of certain materials. It also filed
                                                    determining average radionuclide                        BILLING CODE 7590–01–P                                supporting financial workpapers.
                                                    concentrations in waste) that do not
                                                    require prior NRC review and approval.                                                                        II. Notice of Commission Action
                                                    Licensees may also use the information                                                                           The Commission establishes Docket
                                                                                                            POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION
                                                    in the revised CA BTP to assist in                                                                            Nos. MC2015–32 and CP2015–42 to
                                                    attempting to resolve regulatory or                     [Docket Nos. MC2015–32 and CP2015–42;                 consider the Request pertaining to the
                                                    inspection issues. Agreement States and                 Order No. 2360]                                       proposed Priority Mail Contract 112
                                                    current licensees may continue to use                                                                         product and the related contract,
                                                    the previous guidance for complying                     New Postal Product                                    respectively.
                                                    with the concentration averaging                        AGENCY:   Postal Regulatory Commission.                  The Commission invites comments on
                                                    provision in 10 CFR 61.55(a)(8) (i.e., the              ACTION:   Notice.                                     whether the Postal Service’s filings in
                                                    January 23, 1995, ‘‘Final Branch                                                                              the captioned dockets are consistent
                                                    Technical Position on Concentration                     SUMMARY:   The Commission is noticing a               with the policies of 39 U.S.C. 3632,
                                                    Averaging and Encapsulation’’). Current                 recent Postal Service filing concerning               3633, or 3642, 39 CFR part 3015, and 39
                                                    licensees may also voluntarily use                      an addition of Priority Mail Contract                 CFR part 3020, subpart B. Comments are
                                                    positions in this revised CA BTP.                       112 to the competitive product list. This             due no later than February 26, 2015.
                                                       In addition to the guidance in the                   notice informs the public of the filing,              The public portions of these filings can
                                                    revised CA BTP, licensees that ship                     invites public comment, and takes other               be accessed via the Commission’s Web
                                                    waste for disposal in a 10 CFR part 61                  administrative steps.                                 site (http://www.prc.gov).
                                                    or Agreement State equivalent facility                  DATES: Comments are due: February 26,                    The Commission appoints Kenneth R.
                                                    should ensure that the waste meets the                  2015.                                                 Moeller to serve as Public
                                                    concentration averaging provisions in                                                                         Representative in these dockets.
                                                                                                            ADDRESSES: Submit comments
                                                    the land disposal facility license. Where
                                                    there are conflicts with this guidance,                 electronically via the Commission’s                   III. Ordering Paragraphs
                                                    the land disposal facility license                      Filing Online system at http://                          It is ordered:
                                                    conditions issued by the regulatory                     www.prc.gov. Those who cannot submit                     1. The Commission establishes Docket
                                                    authority (i.e., the Agreement State)                   comments electronically should contact                Nos. MC2015–32 and CP2015–42 to
                                                    must be met.                                            the person identified in the FOR FURTHER              consider the matters raised in each
                                                                                                            INFORMATION CONTACT section by                        docket.
                                                    VII. Backfitting                                        telephone for advice on filing                           2. Pursuant to 39 U.S.C. 505, Kenneth
                                                      The revised CA BTP revision                           alternatives.                                         R. Moeller is appointed to serve as an
                                                    describes a voluntary method that the                   FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:                      officer of the Commission to represent
                                                    NRC staff considers acceptable for                      David A. Trissell, General Counsel, at                the interests of the general public in
                                                    complying with the regulation in 10                     202–789–6820.                                         these proceedings (Public
                                                    CFR 61.55(a)(8), regarding averaging of                 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:                            Representative).
                                                    radionuclide concentrations for the                                                                              3. Comments are due no later than
                                                    purpose of determining waste                            Table of Contents                                     February 26, 2015.
                                                    classification. Compliance with the                                                                              4. The Secretary shall arrange for
                                                    revised CA BTP is not an NRC                            I. Introduction                                       publication of this order in the Federal
                                                    requirement, and licensees and                          II. Notice of Commission Action                       Register.
                                                                                                            III. Ordering Paragraphs
                                                    applicants may choose this or another                                                                          By the Commission.
                                                    method to achieve compliance with this
                                                                                                            I. Introduction                                       Ruth Ann Abrams,
                                                    provision in the 10 CFR part 61. In
                                                    particular, current licensees may                         In accordance with 39 U.S.C. 3642                   Acting Secretary.
                                                    continue to use the averaging positions                 and 39 CFR 3020.30 et seq., the Postal                [FR Doc. 2015–03828 Filed 2–24–15; 8:45 am]
                                                    in the 1995 CA BTP. The revised CA                      Service filed a formal request and                    BILLING CODE 7710–FW–P
                                                    BTP does not require a backfit analysis,                associated supporting information to
                                                    as described in 10 CFR 50.109(c),                       add Priority Mail Contract 112 to the
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                                                    because (1) it does not impose a new or                 competitive product list.1                            POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION
                                                    amended provision in the NRC’s rules,                     The Postal Service                                  [Docket Nos. MC2015–33 and CP2015–43;
                                                    (2) does not present a regulatory staff                 contemporaneously filed a redacted                    Order No. 2361]
                                                    position that interprets the NRC’s rules
                                                    in a manner that is either new or                         1 Request of the United States Postal Service to    New Postal Product
                                                                                                            Add Priority Mail Contract 112 to Competitive
                                                    different from a previous staff position;               Product List and Notice of Filing (Under Seal) of     AGENCY:   Postal Regulatory Commission.
                                                    and (3) does not require the                            Unredacted Governors’ Decision, Contract, and         ACTION:   Notice.
                                                    modification of, or addition to, the                    Supporting Data, February 18, 2015 (Request).



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Document Created: 2015-12-18 13:09:29
Document Modified: 2015-12-18 13:09:29
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionNotices
ActionBranch technical position; issuance.
DatesThe Branch Technical Position referenced in this document is available on February 25, 2015.
ContactMaurice Heath, Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC 20555-0001; telephone: 301-415-3137; email: [email protected]
FR Citation80 FR 10165 

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