80_FR_13513 80 FR 13464 - Notice of Finding That Banca Privada d'Andorra Is a Financial Institution of Primary Money Laundering Concern

80 FR 13464 - Notice of Finding That Banca Privada d'Andorra Is a Financial Institution of Primary Money Laundering Concern

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

Federal Register Volume 80, Issue 49 (March 13, 2015)

Page Range13464-13466
FR Document2015-05911

This document provides notice that, pursuant to the authority contained in the USA PATRIOT Act, the Director of FinCEN found on March 6, 2015 that reasonable grounds exist for concluding that Banca Privada d'Andorra (``BPA'') is a financial institution operating outside of the United States of primary money laundering concern.

Federal Register, Volume 80 Issue 49 (Friday, March 13, 2015)
[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 49 (Friday, March 13, 2015)]
[Notices]
[Pages 13464-13466]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2015-05911]


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DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY


Notice of Finding That Banca Privada d'Andorra Is a Financial 
Institution of Primary Money Laundering Concern

AGENCY: Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (``FinCEN''), Treasury.

ACTION: Notice of Finding.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: This document provides notice that, pursuant to the authority 
contained in the USA PATRIOT Act, the Director of FinCEN found on March 
6, 2015 that reasonable grounds exist for concluding that Banca Privada 
d'Andorra (``BPA'') is a financial institution operating outside of the 
United States of primary money laundering concern.

DATES: The finding referred to in this notice was effective as March 6, 
2015.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: FinCEN, (800) 949-2732.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Statutory Provisions

    On October 26, 2001, the President signed into law the Uniting and 
Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to 
Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (the ``USA PATRIOT Act''), 
Public Law 107-56. Title III of the USA PATRIOT Act amends the anti-
money laundering provisions of the Bank Secrecy Act (``BSA''), codified 
at 12 U.S.C. 1829b, 12 U.S.C. 1951-1959, and 31 U.S.C. 5311-5314, 5316-
5332, to promote the prevention, detection, and prosecution of 
international money laundering and the financing of terrorism. 
Regulations implementing the BSA appear at 31 CFR Chapter X.
    Section 311 of the USA PATRIOT Act (``Section 311''), codified at 
31 U.S.C. 5318A, grants the Secretary of the Treasury (``the 
Secretary'') the authority, upon finding that reasonable grounds exist 
for concluding that a foreign jurisdiction, financial institution, 
class of transaction, or type of account is of ``primary money 
laundering concern,'' to require domestic financial institutions and 
financial agencies to take certain ``special measures'' to address the 
primary money laundering concern. The Secretary has delegated this 
authority under Section 311 to the Director of FinCEN.
    On March 6, 2015, the Director of FinCEN found that reasonable 
grounds exist for concluding that Banca Privada d'Andorra (``BPA'') is 
a financial institution operating outside of the United States of 
primary money laundering concern. The Director considered the factors 
listed below in making this determination.

II. The History of BPA and Jurisdictions of Operation

    BPA is one of five Andorran banks and is a subsidiary of the BPA 
Group, a privately-held entity. Founded in 1962, BPA is the fourth 
largest bank of the five banks in Andorra and has 1.79 billion euro in 
assets. The bank has seven domestic branches in Andorra and five 
foreign branches that operate in Spain, Switzerland, Luxembourg, 
Panama, and Uruguay. BPA has fewer domestic and foreign branches than 
the other major banking groups in Andorra. BPA's Panama branch (``BPA 
Panama'') is licensed as an offshore bank by the Superintendecia de 
Bancos de Panama, which is the bank regulator for the Panamanian 
government. BPA has correspondent banking relationships in the major 
North American, European, and Asian financial centers. At the time of 
this Finding, BPA has four U.S. correspondent accounts.

III. The Extent to Which BPA Has Been Used To Facilitate or Promote 
Money Laundering

    FinCEN has found that reasonable grounds exist for concluding that 
several officials of BPA's high-level management in Andorra have 
facilitated financial transactions on behalf of Third-Party Money 
Launderers (``TPMLs'') providing services for individuals and 
organizations involved in organized crime, corruption, smuggling, and 
fraud. Criminal organizations launder their proceeds through the 
international financial system. These organizations often encounter 
obstacles in achieving direct access to financial institutions 
internationally and in the United States because of their illicit 
activities. To obtain access to financial institutions, some criminal 
organizations use the services of TPMLs, including professional 
gatekeepers such as attorneys and accountants. TPMLs engage in the 
business of transferring funds on behalf of a third party, knowing that 
the funds are involved in illicit activity. These TPMLs provide access 
to financial institutions and lend an aura of legitimacy to criminal 
actors who use the TPMLs' services. Some TPMLs explicitly market their 
services as a method for criminal organizations

[[Page 13465]]

to reduce transparency and circumvent financial institutions' anti-
money laundering (``AML'')/countering the financing of terrorism 
(``CFT'') controls. TPMLs provide access to the international financial 
system for criminal organizations through the TPMLs' relationships with 
financial institutions.
    Financial institutions that facilitate third-party money laundering 
activity allow criminals to circumvent AML/CFT controls both in the 
United States and internationally, and, thus, provide a gateway for 
undermining financial integrity. TPMLs use a wide variety of schemes 
and methods to infiltrate financial institutions. These schemes and 
methods include using illicit shell and shelf corporations, layering 
financial transactions, creating and using false documentation, and 
exerting improper influence on employees in financial institutions or 
on government officials. A shell company is an entity that is formed 
for the purpose of holding property or funds and does not itself engage 
in any significant business activity. A shelf corporation is an entity 
that is formed and then placed aside for years. The length of time that 
a shelf corporation has been in existence adds legitimacy to the entity 
and makes it a prime vehicle for money laundering.

A. BPA Facilitated Financial Transactions for TPMLs Involving the 
Proceeds of Organized Crime, Corruption, Human Trafficking, and Fraud

    FinCEN has found that reasonable grounds exist to support the 
following points: Several of BPA's high-level management have 
facilitated financial transactions on behalf of TPMLs providing 
services for individuals and organizations involved in organized crime, 
corruption, human trafficking, trade-based money laundering, and fraud. 
High-level management at BPA maintained close relationships with these 
TPMLs. Based on those relationships, TPMLs promoted their services to 
other illicit actors and relied on BPA to provide access to the 
financial system for criminal organizations. TPMLs successfully used 
BPA to facilitate money laundering activity because the Bank's weak 
AML/CFT controls allowed TPMLs to conduct this high-risk banking 
activity without detection, and the TPMLs were able to establish close 
relationships with complicit bank personnel who facilitated illicit 
transactions.
    From 2011 to February 2013, High-Level Manager A at BPA in Andorra 
provided substantial assistance to Andrey Petrov, a TPML (``TPML 1'') 
working for Russian criminal organizations engaged in corruption. 
Petrov facilitated several projects on behalf of transnational criminal 
organizations. Petrov used the proceeds of transnational organized 
crime to bribe local officials in Spain. Petrov secured beneficial 
zoning rights and contracts from a local official. After Petrov's 
application for a line of credit at a Spanish bank was rejected, High-
Level Manager A ensured that Petrov could obtain a line of credit from 
another Spanish bank and that the application would not be perceived as 
suspicious. Petrov arranged for High-Level Manager A to fly to Russia 
to meet with transnational organized crime figures.
    High-Level Manager A created accounts at BPA that facilitated false 
invoicing to disguise the origin of illicit funds. In addition, a 
Russian businessman known to be connected to transnational criminal 
organizations worked with BPA, including High-level Manager A, to 
establish front companies and foundations used to move funds believed 
to be affiliated with organized crime. Both Petrov and the Russian 
businessman relied on BPA to facilitate the laundering of the organized 
crime proceeds and maintained large bank accounts with BPA. In February 
2013, Spanish law enforcement arrested Petrov and several associates 
for laundering approximately 56 million euro. Petrov is suspected to 
have links to Semion Mogilevich, one of the FBI's ten ``most wanted'' 
fugitives.
    In addition to BPA's facilitation of illicit financial transactions 
by Petrov, in a separate scheme, a Venezuelan TPML (``TPML 2'') and his 
network relied on BPA to deposit the proceeds of public corruption. 
This money laundering network worked closely with high-ranking 
government officials in Venezuela, resident agents in Panama, and an 
Andorran lawyer to establish Panamanian shell companies. The money 
laundering network owned hundreds of shell companies and engaged in a 
wide variety of business for illicit profit. This network was well 
connected to Venezuelan government officials and relied on various 
methods to move funds, including false contracts, mischaracterized 
loans, over- and under-invoicing, and other trade-based money 
laundering schemes.
    TPML 2 had a relationship with High-Level Manager B at BPA. TPML 2 
gave High-Level Manager B false contracts to support transactions 
purported to be on behalf of Venezuelan public institutions including 
Petroleos de Venezuela S.A. (``PDVSA''), the public oil company of 
Venezuela. In some instances, these contracts did not list a customer 
for the services. High-Level Manager B's reliance on these contracts 
demonstrated transaction monitoring and due diligence failures. Also, 
High-Level Manager B coordinated the opening of a shell company on 
behalf of the Venezuelan TPML. High-Level Manager B worked with High-
Level Manager A on the illicit Venezuelan transactions. BPA facilitated 
the movement of approximately $2 billion through these shell company 
accounts maintained at BPA. Between January 2011 and March 2013, BPA 
facilitated the movement of at least $50 million in send and receive 
transactions that were processed through the United States in support 
of this money laundering network. In 2014, BPA continued to facilitate 
the movement of funds related to this scheme through the U.S. financial 
system. Overall, BPA facilitated the movement of $4.2 billion in 
transfers related to Venezuelan money laundering.
    In addition to BPA's facilitation of illicit financial transactions 
by Petrov and Venezuelan money launderers, from 2011 to October 2012, 
High-Level Manager C at BPA accepted bribes to process bulk cash 
transfers for TPML Gao Ping (``TPML 3''). Ping acted on behalf of a 
transnational criminal organization engaged in trade-based money 
laundering and human trafficking and established relationships with 
Andorran banks to launder money on behalf of his organization and 
numerous Spanish businesspersons. Through his associate, Ping bribed 
Andorran bank officials to accept cash deposits into less scrutinized 
accounts and transfer the funds to suspected shell companies in China. 
One of Ping's key bank executives was High-Level Manager C. High-Level 
Manager C and another bank manager at BPA processed approximately 20 
million euro in cash used to fund wire transfers sent to Ping's 
accounts in China. Spanish law enforcement arrested Ping in September 
2012 for his involvement in money laundering.

B. BPA's Weak AML Controls Attract TPMLs and Allow Its Customers To 
Conduct Transactions Through the U.S. Financial System That Disguise 
the Origin and Ownership of the Funds

    BPA's failure to conduct adequate due diligence on customer 
accounts and its provision of high-risk services to shell companies 
make it highly attractive and well known to TPMLs. TPMLs worked on 
behalf of transnational criminal organizations to facilitate the 
criminal organizations' financial transactions through BPA. In 
addition, TPMLs reportedly coordinated multi-million

[[Page 13466]]

dollar deals related to Venezuelan corruption and represented that 
connections with BPA would facilitate these transactions.
    For example, a TPML (``TPML 4''), who has worked with the Sinaloa 
cartel, facilitated the transfer of bulk cash derived from narcotics 
trafficking in the United States and facilitated financial transactions 
involving the proceeds of other crimes. TPML 4 intentionally bolstered 
connections with BPA to attract money laundering clients and requested 
that clients send smaller transfers through accounts at other 
institutions and to only use accounts at BPA for large transactions. In 
communications with co-conspirators, TPML 4 advertised a relationship 
with BPA in attempts to attract potential money laundering deals. TPML 
4 told clients that this relationship with BPA and other government 
officials would ensure that their transactions would not be scrutinized 
by the financial community. In addition, TPML 4 also marketed services 
to potential clients by providing specific wire transfer instructions 
for accounts at BPA.
    TPML 4 used many methods to avoid detection by law enforcement, 
including planning to increase operations during the U.S. government 
shutdown in 2013. TPML 4 used many Panamanian, Spanish, and Swiss shelf 
corporations to attract clients. Several of these shelf corporations 
had bank accounts, including at BPA.
    BPA's failure to monitor transactions for apparent red flag 
activity attracts TPMLs. Many third-party money laundering transactions 
conducted through BPA lack an apparent business purpose and would be 
identified as high risk by a bank with sufficient AML/CFT controls. For 
example, BPA processed millions of U.S. dollar transactions that listed 
BPA's Andorran address for the originator's or beneficiary's address. 
Although there may be rare occasions when use of the bank's address as 
a bank customer's address of record is legitimate, the processing of a 
high percentage of transactions not containing accurate customer 
address information indicates failure to conduct sufficient due 
diligence on a customer, failure to adequately monitor transactions, or 
possible complicity in money laundering by disguising the origin of 
funds. BPA also attracts TPMLs by knowingly providing services to shell 
and shelf companies and unlicensed money transmitters. As noted above, 
TPMLs rely on shell and shelf companies to shield the identities of 
their clients engaged in criminal activity. BPA's facilitation of this 
high-risk business allows TPMLs to obscure the beneficial ownership of 
these accounts.
    BPA accesses the U.S. financial system through direct correspondent 
accounts held at four U.S. banks. Between approximately 2009 through 
2014, BPA processed hundreds of millions of dollars through its U.S. 
correspondents. These transactions contained numerous indicators of 
high-risk money laundering typologies, including widespread shell 
company activity, unlicensed money transmitters, and other high-risk 
business customers. For example, BPA processed tens of millions of 
dollars on behalf of unlicensed money transmitters through one U.S. 
correspondent. The U.S. correspondent requested that BPA sign an 
agreement to discontinue processing these transactions through its 
account. After these concerns arose, the U.S. correspondent closed 
BPA's account.
    In addition, 62 percent of BPA's outgoing transactions through one 
U.S. correspondent bank involved only four high-risk customers. These 
customers, deemed high-risk by the U.S. correspondent bank, included a 
shell company, an Internet business, and two non-bank financial 
institutions. Between approximately 2007 and 2012, BPA also used its 
U.S. correspondents to send or receive wire transfers totaling more 
than $50 million for Panamanian shell companies that share directors, 
agents, and the same address. These transfers involved large, round 
dollar amounts and did not specify a purpose for the transactions. When 
U.S. correspondents requested additional information, BPA either failed 
to respond or provided extremely limited information.

IV. The Extent to Which BPA Is Used for Legitimate Business Purposes

    It is difficult to assess on the information available the extent 
to which BPA is used for legitimate business purposes. BPA provides 
services in private banking, personal banking, and corporate banking. 
These services include typical bank products such as savings accounts, 
corporate accounts, credit cards, and financing. BPA provides services 
to high-risk customers including international foreign operated shell 
companies, businesses likely engaged in unlicensed money transmission, 
and senior foreign political officials. Because of the demonstrated 
cooperation of high level management at BPA with TPMLs, BPA's 
legitimate business activity is at high risk of being abused by money 
launderers.

V. The Extent to Which This Action Is Sufficient To Guard Against 
International Money Laundering and Other Financial Crimes

    FinCEN's March 13, 2015 proposed imposition of the fifth special 
measure, pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 5318A(b)(5), would guard against the 
international money laundering and other financial crimes described 
above directly by restricting the ability of BPA to access the U.S. 
financial system to process transactions, and indirectly by public 
notification to the international financial community of the risks 
posed by dealing with BPA and TPMLs.

    Dated: March 6, 2015.
Jennifer Shasky Calvery,
Director, Financial Crimes Enforcement Network.
[FR Doc. 2015-05911 Filed 3-12-15; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4810-02-P



                                                  13464                           Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 49 / Friday, March 13, 2015 / Notices

                                                    Issued in Washington, DC, on March 10,                  Estimated Annual Burden Hours:                        On March 6, 2015, the Director of
                                                  2015.                                                   64,971.                                               FinCEN found that reasonable grounds
                                                  Ron Hynes,                                                                                                    exist for concluding that Banca Privada
                                                                                                          Dawn D. Wolfgang,
                                                  Director of Technical Oversight.                                                                              d’Andorra (‘‘BPA’’) is a financial
                                                                                                          Treasury PRA Clearance Officer.                       institution operating outside of the
                                                  [FR Doc. 2015–05750 Filed 3–12–15; 8:45 am]
                                                                                                          [FR Doc. 2015–05739 Filed 3–12–15; 8:45 am]           United States of primary money
                                                  BILLING CODE 4910–06–P
                                                                                                          BILLING CODE 4830–01–P                                laundering concern. The Director
                                                                                                                                                                considered the factors listed below in
                                                  DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY                                                                                    making this determination.
                                                                                                          DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
                                                                                                                                                                II. The History of BPA and Jurisdictions
                                                  Submission for OMB Review;                                                                                    of Operation
                                                                                                          Notice of Finding That Banca Privada
                                                  Comment Request
                                                                                                          d’Andorra Is a Financial Institution of                  BPA is one of five Andorran banks
                                                  March 10, 2015.                                         Primary Money Laundering Concern                      and is a subsidiary of the BPA Group,
                                                    The Department of the Treasury will                   AGENCY: Financial Crimes Enforcement                  a privately-held entity. Founded in
                                                  submit the following information                        Network (‘‘FinCEN’’), Treasury.                       1962, BPA is the fourth largest bank of
                                                  collection request to the Office of                                                                           the five banks in Andorra and has 1.79
                                                                                                          ACTION: Notice of Finding.
                                                  Management and Budget (OMB) for                                                                               billion euro in assets. The bank has
                                                  review and clearance in accordance                      SUMMARY:   This document provides                     seven domestic branches in Andorra
                                                  with the Paperwork Reduction Act of                     notice that, pursuant to the authority                and five foreign branches that operate in
                                                  1995, Public Law 104–13, on or after the                contained in the USA PATRIOT Act, the                 Spain, Switzerland, Luxembourg,
                                                  date of publication of this notice.                     Director of FinCEN found on March 6,                  Panama, and Uruguay. BPA has fewer
                                                  DATES: Comments should be received on                   2015 that reasonable grounds exist for                domestic and foreign branches than the
                                                  or before April 13, 2015 to be assured                  concluding that Banca Privada                         other major banking groups in Andorra.
                                                  of consideration.                                       d’Andorra (‘‘BPA’’) is a financial                    BPA’s Panama branch (‘‘BPA Panama’’)
                                                  ADDRESSES: Send comments regarding                      institution operating outside of the                  is licensed as an offshore bank by the
                                                  the burden estimate, or any other aspect                United States of primary money                        Superintendecia de Bancos de Panama,
                                                  of the information collection, including                laundering concern.                                   which is the bank regulator for the
                                                  suggestions for reducing the burden, to                                                                       Panamanian government. BPA has
                                                                                                          DATES: The finding referred to in this
                                                  (1) Office of Information and Regulatory                                                                      correspondent banking relationships in
                                                                                                          notice was effective as March 6, 2015.
                                                  Affairs, Office of Management and                                                                             the major North American, European,
                                                                                                          FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:                      and Asian financial centers. At the time
                                                  Budget, Attention: Desk Officer for
                                                                                                          FinCEN, (800) 949–2732.                               of this Finding, BPA has four U.S.
                                                  Treasury, New Executive Office
                                                  Building, Room 10235, Washington, DC                    SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:                            correspondent accounts.
                                                  20503, or email at OIRA_Submission@                     I. Statutory Provisions                               III. The Extent to Which BPA Has Been
                                                  OMB.EOP.gov and (2) Treasury PRA                                                                              Used To Facilitate or Promote Money
                                                  Clearance Officer, 1750 Pennsylvania                       On October 26, 2001, the President
                                                                                                          signed into law the Uniting and                       Laundering
                                                  Ave. NW., Suite 8140, Washington, DC
                                                  20220, or email at PRA@treasury.gov.                    Strengthening America by Providing                       FinCEN has found that reasonable
                                                                                                          Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept               grounds exist for concluding that
                                                  FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
                                                                                                          and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001 (the               several officials of BPA’s high-level
                                                  Copies of the submission(s) may be                      ‘‘USA PATRIOT Act’’), Public Law 107–                 management in Andorra have facilitated
                                                  obtained by calling (202) 927–5331,                     56. Title III of the USA PATRIOT Act                  financial transactions on behalf of
                                                  email at PRA@treasury.gov, or the entire                amends the anti-money laundering                      Third-Party Money Launderers
                                                  information collection request may be                   provisions of the Bank Secrecy Act                    (‘‘TPMLs’’) providing services for
                                                  found at www.reginfo.gov.                               (‘‘BSA’’), codified at 12 U.S.C. 1829b, 12            individuals and organizations involved
                                                  Internal Revenue Service (IRS)                          U.S.C. 1951–1959, and 31 U.S.C. 5311–                 in organized crime, corruption,
                                                    OMB Number: 1545–1002.                                5314, 5316–5332, to promote the                       smuggling, and fraud. Criminal
                                                    Type of Review: Reinstatement with                    prevention, detection, and prosecution                organizations launder their proceeds
                                                  change of a previously approved                         of international money laundering and                 through the international financial
                                                  collection.                                             the financing of terrorism. Regulations               system. These organizations often
                                                    Title: Return by a Shareholder of a                   implementing the BSA appear at 31 CFR                 encounter obstacles in achieving direct
                                                  Passive Foreign Investment Company or                   Chapter X.                                            access to financial institutions
                                                  Qualified Electing Fund.                                   Section 311 of the USA PATRIOT Act                 internationally and in the United States
                                                    Form: 8621.                                           (‘‘Section 311’’), codified at 31 U.S.C.              because of their illicit activities. To
                                                    Abstract: Form 8621 is filed by a U.S.                5318A, grants the Secretary of the                    obtain access to financial institutions,
                                                  shareholder who owns stock in a foreign                 Treasury (‘‘the Secretary’’) the authority,           some criminal organizations use the
                                                  investment company. The form is used                    upon finding that reasonable grounds                  services of TPMLs, including
                                                  to report income, make an election to                   exist for concluding that a foreign                   professional gatekeepers such as
                                                  extend the time for payment of tax, and                 jurisdiction, financial institution, class            attorneys and accountants. TPMLs
                                                  to pay an additional tax and interest                   of transaction, or type of account is of              engage in the business of transferring
mstockstill on DSK4VPTVN1PROD with NOTICES




                                                  amount. The IRS uses Form 8621 to                       ‘‘primary money laundering concern,’’                 funds on behalf of a third party,
                                                  determine if these shareholders have                    to require domestic financial                         knowing that the funds are involved in
                                                  correctly reported amounts of income,                   institutions and financial agencies to                illicit activity. These TPMLs provide
                                                  made the election correctly, and have                   take certain ‘‘special measures’’ to                  access to financial institutions and lend
                                                  correctly computed the additional tax                   address the primary money laundering                  an aura of legitimacy to criminal actors
                                                  and interest amount.                                    concern. The Secretary has delegated                  who use the TPMLs’ services. Some
                                                    Affected Public: Private Sector:                      this authority under Section 311 to the               TPMLs explicitly market their services
                                                  Businesses or other for-profits.                        Director of FinCEN.                                   as a method for criminal organizations


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                                                                                  Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 49 / Friday, March 13, 2015 / Notices                                          13465

                                                  to reduce transparency and circumvent                   working for Russian criminal                          services. High-Level Manager B’s
                                                  financial institutions’ anti-money                      organizations engaged in corruption.                  reliance on these contracts
                                                  laundering (‘‘AML’’)/countering the                     Petrov facilitated several projects on                demonstrated transaction monitoring
                                                  financing of terrorism (‘‘CFT’’) controls.              behalf of transnational criminal                      and due diligence failures. Also, High-
                                                  TPMLs provide access to the                             organizations. Petrov used the proceeds               Level Manager B coordinated the
                                                  international financial system for                      of transnational organized crime to bribe             opening of a shell company on behalf of
                                                  criminal organizations through the                      local officials in Spain. Petrov secured              the Venezuelan TPML. High-Level
                                                  TPMLs’ relationships with financial                     beneficial zoning rights and contracts                Manager B worked with High-Level
                                                  institutions.                                           from a local official. After Petrov’s                 Manager A on the illicit Venezuelan
                                                     Financial institutions that facilitate               application for a line of credit at a                 transactions. BPA facilitated the
                                                  third-party money laundering activity                   Spanish bank was rejected, High-Level                 movement of approximately $2 billion
                                                  allow criminals to circumvent AML/                      Manager A ensured that Petrov could                   through these shell company accounts
                                                  CFT controls both in the United States                  obtain a line of credit from another                  maintained at BPA. Between January
                                                  and internationally, and, thus, provide a               Spanish bank and that the application                 2011 and March 2013, BPA facilitated
                                                  gateway for undermining financial                       would not be perceived as suspicious.                 the movement of at least $50 million in
                                                  integrity. TPMLs use a wide variety of                  Petrov arranged for High-Level Manager                send and receive transactions that were
                                                  schemes and methods to infiltrate                       A to fly to Russia to meet with                       processed through the United States in
                                                  financial institutions. These schemes                   transnational organized crime figures.                support of this money laundering
                                                  and methods include using illicit shell                    High-Level Manager A created                       network. In 2014, BPA continued to
                                                  and shelf corporations, layering                        accounts at BPA that facilitated false                facilitate the movement of funds related
                                                  financial transactions, creating and                    invoicing to disguise the origin of illicit           to this scheme through the U.S.
                                                  using false documentation, and exerting                 funds. In addition, a Russian                         financial system. Overall, BPA
                                                  improper influence on employees in                      businessman known to be connected to                  facilitated the movement of $4.2 billion
                                                  financial institutions or on government                 transnational criminal organizations                  in transfers related to Venezuelan
                                                  officials. A shell company is an entity                 worked with BPA, including High-level                 money laundering.
                                                  that is formed for the purpose of holding               Manager A, to establish front companies                  In addition to BPA’s facilitation of
                                                  property or funds and does not itself                   and foundations used to move funds                    illicit financial transactions by Petrov
                                                  engage in any significant business                      believed to be affiliated with organized              and Venezuelan money launderers, from
                                                  activity. A shelf corporation is an entity              crime. Both Petrov and the Russian                    2011 to October 2012, High-Level
                                                  that is formed and then placed aside for                businessman relied on BPA to facilitate               Manager C at BPA accepted bribes to
                                                  years. The length of time that a shelf                  the laundering of the organized crime                 process bulk cash transfers for TPML
                                                  corporation has been in existence adds                  proceeds and maintained large bank                    Gao Ping (‘‘TPML 3’’). Ping acted on
                                                  legitimacy to the entity and makes it a                 accounts with BPA. In February 2013,                  behalf of a transnational criminal
                                                  prime vehicle for money laundering.                     Spanish law enforcement arrested                      organization engaged in trade-based
                                                                                                          Petrov and several associates for                     money laundering and human
                                                  A. BPA Facilitated Financial
                                                                                                          laundering approximately 56 million                   trafficking and established relationships
                                                  Transactions for TPMLs Involving the
                                                                                                          euro. Petrov is suspected to have links               with Andorran banks to launder money
                                                  Proceeds of Organized Crime,
                                                                                                          to Semion Mogilevich, one of the FBI’s                on behalf of his organization and
                                                  Corruption, Human Trafficking, and
                                                                                                          ten ‘‘most wanted’’ fugitives.                        numerous Spanish businesspersons.
                                                  Fraud                                                      In addition to BPA’s facilitation of               Through his associate, Ping bribed
                                                     FinCEN has found that reasonable                     illicit financial transactions by Petrov,             Andorran bank officials to accept cash
                                                  grounds exist to support the following                  in a separate scheme, a Venezuelan                    deposits into less scrutinized accounts
                                                  points: Several of BPA’s high-level                     TPML (‘‘TPML 2’’) and his network                     and transfer the funds to suspected shell
                                                  management have facilitated financial                   relied on BPA to deposit the proceeds                 companies in China. One of Ping’s key
                                                  transactions on behalf of TPMLs                         of public corruption. This money                      bank executives was High-Level
                                                  providing services for individuals and                  laundering network worked closely with                Manager C. High-Level Manager C and
                                                  organizations involved in organized                     high-ranking government officials in                  another bank manager at BPA processed
                                                  crime, corruption, human trafficking,                   Venezuela, resident agents in Panama,                 approximately 20 million euro in cash
                                                  trade-based money laundering, and                       and an Andorran lawyer to establish                   used to fund wire transfers sent to
                                                  fraud. High-level management at BPA                     Panamanian shell companies. The                       Ping’s accounts in China. Spanish law
                                                  maintained close relationships with                     money laundering network owned                        enforcement arrested Ping in September
                                                  these TPMLs. Based on those                             hundreds of shell companies and                       2012 for his involvement in money
                                                  relationships, TPMLs promoted their                     engaged in a wide variety of business for             laundering.
                                                  services to other illicit actors and relied             illicit profit. This network was well
                                                  on BPA to provide access to the                         connected to Venezuelan government                    B. BPA’s Weak AML Controls Attract
                                                  financial system for criminal                           officials and relied on various methods               TPMLs and Allow Its Customers To
                                                  organizations. TPMLs successfully used                  to move funds, including false contracts,             Conduct Transactions Through the U.S.
                                                  BPA to facilitate money laundering                      mischaracterized loans, over- and                     Financial System That Disguise the
                                                  activity because the Bank’s weak AML/                   under-invoicing, and other trade-based                Origin and Ownership of the Funds
                                                  CFT controls allowed TPMLs to conduct                   money laundering schemes.                               BPA’s failure to conduct adequate due
                                                  this high-risk banking activity without                    TPML 2 had a relationship with High-               diligence on customer accounts and its
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                                                  detection, and the TPMLs were able to                   Level Manager B at BPA. TPML 2 gave                   provision of high-risk services to shell
                                                  establish close relationships with                      High-Level Manager B false contracts to               companies make it highly attractive and
                                                  complicit bank personnel who                            support transactions purported to be on               well known to TPMLs. TPMLs worked
                                                  facilitated illicit transactions.                       behalf of Venezuelan public institutions              on behalf of transnational criminal
                                                     From 2011 to February 2013, High-                    including Petroleos de Venezuela S.A.                 organizations to facilitate the criminal
                                                  Level Manager A at BPA in Andorra                       (‘‘PDVSA’’), the public oil company of                organizations’ financial transactions
                                                  provided substantial assistance to                      Venezuela. In some instances, these                   through BPA. In addition, TPMLs
                                                  Andrey Petrov, a TPML (‘‘TPML 1’’)                      contracts did not list a customer for the             reportedly coordinated multi-million


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                                                  13466                           Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 49 / Friday, March 13, 2015 / Notices

                                                  dollar deals related to Venezuelan                      the beneficial ownership of these                     V. The Extent to Which This Action Is
                                                  corruption and represented that                         accounts.                                             Sufficient To Guard Against
                                                  connections with BPA would facilitate                      BPA accesses the U.S. financial                    International Money Laundering and
                                                  these transactions.                                     system through direct correspondent                   Other Financial Crimes
                                                     For example, a TPML (‘‘TPML 4’’),
                                                                                                          accounts held at four U.S. banks.                        FinCEN’s March 13, 2015 proposed
                                                  who has worked with the Sinaloa cartel,
                                                                                                          Between approximately 2009 through                    imposition of the fifth special measure,
                                                  facilitated the transfer of bulk cash
                                                                                                          2014, BPA processed hundreds of                       pursuant to 31 U.S.C. 5318A(b)(5),
                                                  derived from narcotics trafficking in the
                                                                                                          millions of dollars through its U.S.                  would guard against the international
                                                  United States and facilitated financial
                                                                                                          correspondents. These transactions                    money laundering and other financial
                                                  transactions involving the proceeds of
                                                  other crimes. TPML 4 intentionally                      contained numerous indicators of high-                crimes described above directly by
                                                  bolstered connections with BPA to                       risk money laundering typologies,                     restricting the ability of BPA to access
                                                  attract money laundering clients and                    including widespread shell company                    the U.S. financial system to process
                                                  requested that clients send smaller                     activity, unlicensed money transmitters,              transactions, and indirectly by public
                                                  transfers through accounts at other                     and other high-risk business customers.               notification to the international
                                                  institutions and to only use accounts at                For example, BPA processed tens of                    financial community of the risks posed
                                                  BPA for large transactions. In                          millions of dollars on behalf of                      by dealing with BPA and TPMLs.
                                                  communications with co-conspirators,                    unlicensed money transmitters through                   Dated: March 6, 2015.
                                                  TPML 4 advertised a relationship with                   one U.S. correspondent. The U.S.                      Jennifer Shasky Calvery,
                                                  BPA in attempts to attract potential                    correspondent requested that BPA sign
                                                                                                                                                                Director, Financial Crimes Enforcement
                                                  money laundering deals. TPML 4 told                     an agreement to discontinue processing                Network.
                                                  clients that this relationship with BPA                 these transactions through its account.
                                                                                                                                                                [FR Doc. 2015–05911 Filed 3–12–15; 8:45 am]
                                                  and other government officials would                    After these concerns arose, the U.S.
                                                                                                                                                                BILLING CODE 4810–02–P
                                                  ensure that their transactions would not                correspondent closed BPA’s account.
                                                  be scrutinized by the financial                            In addition, 62 percent of BPA’s
                                                  community. In addition, TPML 4 also                     outgoing transactions through one U.S.                DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
                                                  marketed services to potential clients by               correspondent bank involved only four
                                                  providing specific wire transfer                        high-risk customers. These customers,                 Internal Revenue Service
                                                  instructions for accounts at BPA.                       deemed high-risk by the U.S.
                                                     TPML 4 used many methods to avoid                    correspondent bank, included a shell                  Proposed Collection; Comment
                                                  detection by law enforcement, including                 company, an Internet business, and two                Request for Forms 9779, 9783, 9787,
                                                  planning to increase operations during                  non-bank financial institutions.                      and 9789
                                                  the U.S. government shutdown in 2013.                   Between approximately 2007 and 2012,
                                                  TPML 4 used many Panamanian,                                                                                  AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS),
                                                                                                          BPA also used its U.S. correspondents                 Treasury.
                                                  Spanish, and Swiss shelf corporations to                to send or receive wire transfers totaling
                                                  attract clients. Several of these shelf                                                                       ACTION: Notice and request for
                                                                                                          more than $50 million for Panamanian
                                                  corporations had bank accounts,                                                                               comments.
                                                                                                          shell companies that share directors,
                                                  including at BPA.                                       agents, and the same address. These
                                                     BPA’s failure to monitor transactions                                                                      SUMMARY:   The Department of the
                                                                                                          transfers involved large, round dollar                Treasury, as part of its continuing effort
                                                  for apparent red flag activity attracts
                                                                                                          amounts and did not specify a purpose                 to reduce paperwork and respondent
                                                  TPMLs. Many third-party money
                                                                                                          for the transactions. When U.S.                       burden, invites the general public and
                                                  laundering transactions conducted
                                                                                                          correspondents requested additional                   other Federal agencies to take this
                                                  through BPA lack an apparent business
                                                                                                          information, BPA either failed to                     opportunity to comment on proposed
                                                  purpose and would be identified as high
                                                                                                          respond or provided extremely limited                 and/or continuing information
                                                  risk by a bank with sufficient AML/CFT
                                                  controls. For example, BPA processed                    information.                                          collections, as required by the
                                                  millions of U.S. dollar transactions that               IV. The Extent to Which BPA Is Used                   Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, Pub.
                                                  listed BPA’s Andorran address for the                   for Legitimate Business Purposes                      L. 104–13 (44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(2)(A)).
                                                  originator’s or beneficiary’s address.                                                                        Currently, the IRS is soliciting
                                                  Although there may be rare occasions                       It is difficult to assess on the                   comments concerning Forms 9779,
                                                  when use of the bank’s address as a                     information available the extent to                   9783, 9787, and 9789, Electronic
                                                  bank customer’s address of record is                    which BPA is used for legitimate                      Federal Tax Payment System (EFTPS).
                                                  legitimate, the processing of a high                    business purposes. BPA provides                       DATES: Written comments should be
                                                  percentage of transactions not                          services in private banking, personal                 received on or before May 12, 2015 to
                                                  containing accurate customer address                    banking, and corporate banking. These                 be assured of consideration.
                                                  information indicates failure to conduct                services include typical bank products
                                                                                                                                                                ADDRESSES: Direct all written comments
                                                  sufficient due diligence on a customer,                 such as savings accounts, corporate
                                                                                                                                                                to Christie Preston, Internal Revenue
                                                  failure to adequately monitor                           accounts, credit cards, and financing.
                                                                                                                                                                Service, Room 6129, 1111 Constitution
                                                  transactions, or possible complicity in                 BPA provides services to high-risk
                                                                                                                                                                Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20224.
                                                  money laundering by disguising the                      customers including international
                                                  origin of funds. BPA also attracts TPMLs                foreign operated shell companies,                     FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
                                                                                                                                                                Requests for additional information or
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                                                  by knowingly providing services to shell                businesses likely engaged in unlicensed
                                                  and shelf companies and unlicensed                      money transmission, and senior foreign                copies of the forms and instructions
                                                  money transmitters. As noted above,                     political officials. Because of the                   should be directed to LaNita Van Dyke,
                                                  TPMLs rely on shell and shelf                           demonstrated cooperation of high level                Internal Revenue Service, Room 6517,
                                                  companies to shield the identities of                   management at BPA with TPMLs, BPA’s                   1111 Constitution Avenue NW.,
                                                  their clients engaged in criminal                       legitimate business activity is at high               Washington, DC 20224, or through the
                                                  activity. BPA’s facilitation of this high-              risk of being abused by money                         internet at Lanita.VanDyke@irs.gov.
                                                  risk business allows TPMLs to obscure                   launderers.                                           SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:



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Document Created: 2015-12-18 11:41:32
Document Modified: 2015-12-18 11:41:32
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionNotices
ActionNotice of Finding.
DatesThe finding referred to in this notice was effective as March 6, 2015.
ContactFinCEN, (800) 949-2732.
FR Citation80 FR 13464 

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