80_FR_30235 80 FR 30134 - Special Conditions: Bombardier Aerospace, Models BD-500-1A10 and BD-500-1A11; Electronic Flight Control System: Lateral-Directional and Longitudinal Stability and Low-Energy Awareness

80 FR 30134 - Special Conditions: Bombardier Aerospace, Models BD-500-1A10 and BD-500-1A11; Electronic Flight Control System: Lateral-Directional and Longitudinal Stability and Low-Energy Awareness

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration

Federal Register Volume 80, Issue 101 (May 27, 2015)

Page Range30134-30136
FR Document2015-12699

These special conditions are issued for the Bombardier Aerospace Models BD-500-1A10 and BD-500-1A11 series airplanes. These airplanes will have a novel or unusual design feature when compared to the state of technology envisioned in the airworthiness standards for transport category airplanes. This design feature is a fly-by-wire electronic flight control system that provides an electronic interface between the pilot's flight controls and the flight control surfaces for both normal and failure states. The system generates the actual surface commands that provide for stability augmentation and control about all three airplane axes. The applicable airworthiness regulations do not contain adequate or appropriate safety standards for this design feature. These special conditions contain the additional safety standards that the Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of safety equivalent to that established by the existing airworthiness standards.

Federal Register, Volume 80 Issue 101 (Wednesday, May 27, 2015)
[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 101 (Wednesday, May 27, 2015)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 30134-30136]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2015-12699]


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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration

14 CFR Part 25

[Docket No. FAA-2015-0455; Special Conditions No. 25-584-SC]


Special Conditions: Bombardier Aerospace, Models BD-500-1A10 and 
BD-500-1A11; Electronic Flight Control System: Lateral-Directional and 
Longitudinal Stability and Low-Energy Awareness

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION: Final special conditions.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: These special conditions are issued for the Bombardier 
Aerospace Models BD-500-1A10 and BD-500-1A11 series airplanes. These 
airplanes will have a novel or unusual design feature when compared to 
the state of technology envisioned in the airworthiness standards for 
transport category airplanes. This design feature is a fly-by-wire 
electronic flight control system that provides an electronic interface 
between the pilot's flight controls and the flight control surfaces for 
both normal and failure states. The system generates the actual surface 
commands that provide for stability augmentation and control about all 
three airplane axes. The applicable airworthiness regulations do not 
contain adequate or appropriate safety standards for this design 
feature. These special conditions contain the additional safety 
standards that the Administrator considers necessary to establish a 
level of safety equivalent to that established by the existing 
airworthiness standards.

DATES: Effective July 13, 2015.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Joe Jacobsen, FAA, Airplane and Flight 
Crew Interface Branch, ANM-111, Transport Airplane Directorate, 
Aircraft Certification Service, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, 
Washington 98057-3356; telephone 425-227-2011; facsimile 425-227-1320.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Background

    On December 10, 2009, Bombardier Aerospace applied for a type 
certificate for their new Models BD-500-1A10 and BD-500-1A11 series 
airplanes (hereafter collectively referred to as ``CSeries''). The 
CSeries airplanes are swept-wing monoplanes with an aluminum alloy 
fuselage, sized for 5-abreast seating. Passenger capacity is designated 
as 110 for the Model BD-500-1A10 and 125 for the Model BD-500-1A11. 
Maximum takeoff weight is 131,000 pounds for the Model BD-500-1A10 and 
144,000 pounds for the Model BD-500-1A11.
    The CSeries flight control system design incorporates normal load 
factor limiting on a full time basis that will prevent the pilot from 
inadvertently or intentionally exceeding the positive or negative 
airplane limit load factor. The FAA considers this feature to be novel 
and unusual in that the current regulations do not provide standards 
for maneuverability and controllability evaluations for such systems.

Type Certification Basis

    Under the provisions of Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 
CFR) 21.17, Bombardier Aerospace must show that the CSeries airplanes 
meet the applicable provisions of 14 CFR part 25 as amended by 
Amendments 25-1 through 25-129.
    If the Administrator finds that the applicable airworthiness 
regulations (i.e., 14 CFR part 25) do not contain adequate or 
appropriate safety standards for the CSeries airplanes because of a 
novel or unusual design feature, special conditions are prescribed 
under the provisions of Sec.  21.16.
    Special conditions are initially applicable to the model for which 
they are issued. Should the type certificate for that model be amended 
later to

[[Page 30135]]

include any other model that incorporates the same novel or unusual 
design feature, these special conditions would also apply to the other 
model under Sec.  21.101.
    In addition to the applicable airworthiness regulations and special 
conditions, the CSeries airplanes must comply with the fuel vent and 
exhaust emission requirements of 14 CFR part 34 and the noise 
certification requirements of 14 CFR part 36, and the FAA must issue a 
finding of regulatory adequacy under Sec.  611 of Public Law 92-574, 
the ``Noise Control Act of 1972.''
    The FAA issues special conditions, as defined in 14 CFR 11.19, in 
accordance with Sec.  11.38, and they become part of the type 
certification basis under Sec.  21.17(a)(2).

Novel or Unusual Design Features

    The CSeries airplanes will incorporate the following novel or 
unusual design feature: Fly-by-wire electronic flight control system 
that provides an electronic interface between the pilot's flight 
controls and the flight control surfaces for both normal and failure 
states. The system generates the actual surface commands that provide 
for stability augmentation and control about all three airplane axes.

Discussion

    In the absence of positive lateral stability, the curve of lateral 
control surface deflections against sideslip angle should be in a 
conventional sense and reasonably in harmony with rudder deflection 
during steady heading sideslip maneuvers.
    Since conventional relationships between stick forces and control 
surface displacements do not apply to the ``load factor command'' 
flight control system on the CSeries airplanes, Bombardier should 
evaluate the longitudinal stability characteristics by assessing the 
airplane handling qualities during simulator and flight test maneuvers 
appropriate to the operation of the airplane. Bombardier may accomplish 
this by using the Handling Qualities Rating Method presented in 
appendix 5 of Advisory Circular (AC) 25-7C, Flight Test Guide for 
Certification of Transport Category Airplanes, dated October 16, 2012, 
or they may propose an acceptable alternative method. Important 
considerations are as follows:
    (a) Adequate speed control without creating excessive pilot 
workload;
    (b) Acceptable high- and low-speed protection; and
    (c) Provision of adequate cues to the pilot of significant speed 
excursions beyond VMO/MMO and low-speed awareness 
flight conditions.
    The airplane should provide adequate awareness cues to the pilot of 
a low-energy (i.e., a low-speed, low-thrust, or low-height) state to 
ensure that the airplane retains sufficient energy to recover when 
flight control laws provide neutral longitudinal stability 
significantly below the normal operating speeds. This may be 
accomplished as follows:
    (a) Adequate low-speed/low-thrust cues at low altitude may be 
provided by a strong positive static stability force gradient (1 pound 
per 6 knots applied through the sidestick); or
    (b) Low-energy awareness may be provided by an appropriate warning 
with the following characteristics:
    (i) It should be unique, unambiguous, and unmistakable.
    (ii) It should be active at appropriate altitudes and in 
appropriate configurations (i.e., at low altitude, in the approach and 
landing configurations).
    (iii) It should be sufficiently timely to allow recovery to a 
stabilized flight condition inside the normal flight envelope while 
maintaining the desired flight path and without entering the flight 
control's angle-of-attack protection mode.
    (iv) It should not be triggered during normal operation, including 
operation in moderate turbulence, for recommended maneuvers at 
recommended speeds.
    (v) It should not be cancelable by the pilot other than by 
achieving a higher-energy state.
    (vi) There should be an adequate hierarchy among the warnings so 
that the pilot is not confused and led to take inappropriate recovery 
action if multiple warnings occur.
    Bombardier should use simulator and flight tests in the whole take-
off and landing altitude range for which certification is requested to 
evaluate global energy awareness and non-nuisance of low-energy cues. 
This would include all relevant combinations of weight, center-of-
gravity position, configuration, airbrakes position, and available 
thrust, including reduced and de-rated take-off thrust operations and 
engine failure cases. Bombardier should conduct a sufficient number of 
tests to assess the level of energy awareness and the effects of energy 
management errors.
    These special conditions contain the additional safety standards 
that the Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of 
safety equivalent to that established by the existing airworthiness 
standards.

Discussion of Comments

    Notice of proposed special conditions No. 25-15-04-SC for the 
Bombardier CSeries airplanes was published in the Federal Register on 
March 5, 2015 (80 FR 11958). No comments were received, and the special 
conditions are adopted as proposed.

Applicability

    As discussed above, these special conditions are applicable to the 
Bombardier BD-500-1A10 and BD-500-1A11. Should Bombardier Aerospace 
apply at a later date for a change to the type certificate to include 
another model incorporating the same novel or unusual design feature, 
these special conditions would apply to that model as well.

Conclusion

    This action affects only certain novel or unusual design features 
on two model series of airplanes. It is not a rule of general 
applicability.

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25

    Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements.

    The authority citation for these special conditions is as follows:

    Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702, 44704.

The Special Conditions

    Accordingly, pursuant to the authority delegated to me by the 
Administrator, the following special conditions are issued as part of 
the type certification basis for Bombardier Aerospace Models BD-500-
1A10 and BD-500-1A11 series airplanes.
    1. Electronic Flight Control System: Lateral-Directional and 
Longitudinal Stability and Low-Energy Awareness. In lieu of the 
requirements of Sec. Sec.  25.171, 25.173, 25.175, and 25.177:
    (a) The airplane must be shown to have suitable static lateral, 
directional, and longitudinal stability in any condition normally 
encountered in service, including the effects of atmospheric 
disturbance. The showing of suitable static lateral, directional, and 
longitudinal stability must be based on the airplane handling 
qualities, including pilot workload and pilot compensation, for 
specific test procedures during the flight test evaluations.
    (b) The airplane must provide adequate awareness to the pilot of a 
low-energy (low-speed/low-thrust/low-height) state when fitted with 
flight control laws presenting neutral longitudinal stability 
significantly below the normal operating speeds.

[[Page 30136]]

``Adequate awareness'' means warning information must be provided to 
alert the crew of unsafe operating conditions and to enable them to 
take appropriate corrective action.
    (c) The static directional stability (as shown by the tendency to 
recover from a skid with the rudder free) must be positive for any 
landing gear and flap position and symmetrical power condition, at 
speeds from 1.13 VSR1, up to VFE, VLE, 
or VFC/MFC (as appropriate).
    (d) The static lateral stability (as shown by the tendency to raise 
the low wing in a sideslip with the aileron controls free), for any 
landing-gear and wing-flap position and symmetric-power condition, may 
not be negative at any airspeed (except that speeds higher than 
VFE need not be considered for wing-flaps-extended 
configurations nor speeds higher than VLE for landing-gear-
extended configurations) in the following airspeed ranges:
    (i) From 1.13 VSR1 to VMO/MMO.
    (ii) From VMO/MMO to VFC/
MFC, unless the divergence is--
    (1) Gradual;
    (2) Easily recognizable by the pilot; and
    (3) Easily controllable by the pilot.
    (e) In straight, steady sideslips over the range of sideslip angles 
appropriate to the operation of the airplane, but not less than those 
obtained with one half of the available rudder control movement (but 
not exceeding a rudder control force of 180 pounds), rudder control 
movements and forces must be substantially proportional to the angle of 
sideslip in a stable sense; and the factor of proportionality must lie 
between limits found necessary for safe operation. This requirement 
must be met for the configurations and speeds specified in paragraph 
(c) of this section.
    (f) For sideslip angles greater than those prescribed by paragraph 
(e) of this section, up to the angle at which full rudder control is 
used or a rudder control force of 180 pounds is obtained, the rudder 
control forces may not reverse, and increased rudder deflection must be 
needed for increased angles of sideslip. Compliance with this 
requirement must be shown using straight, steady sideslips, unless full 
lateral control input is achieved before reaching either full rudder 
control input or a rudder control force of 180 pounds; a straight, 
steady sideslip need not be maintained after achieving full lateral 
control input. This requirement must be met at all approved landing 
gear and wing-flap positions for the range of operating speeds and 
power conditions appropriate to each landing gear and wing-flap 
position with all engines operating.

    Issued in Renton, Washington, on May 15, 2015.
Michael Kaszycki,
Acting Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification 
Service.
[FR Doc. 2015-12699 Filed 5-26-15; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 4910-13-P



                                                30134            Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 101 / Wednesday, May 27, 2015 / Rules and Regulations

                                                required for safe flight and landing.                   flight, relative to the worst possible                augmentation and control about all
                                                Bombardier may exclude unrecoverable                    electrical power distribution and                     three airplane axes. The applicable
                                                loss of all engines when showing                        equipment-loads-demand condition.                     airworthiness regulations do not contain
                                                compliance with this requirement.                          b. After the un-restorable loss of                 adequate or appropriate safety standards
                                                   2. Regardless of any electrical                      normal engine generator power, the                    for this design feature. These special
                                                generation and distribution system                      airplane engine restart capability is                 conditions contain the additional safety
                                                recovery capability shown under                         provided and operations continued in                  standards that the Administrator
                                                paragraph 1 of these special conditions,                IMC.                                                  considers necessary to establish a level
                                                sufficient electrical system capability                    c. The airplane is demonstrated to be              of safety equivalent to that established
                                                must be provided to:                                    capable of continued safe flight and                  by the existing airworthiness standards.
                                                   a. Allow time to descend, with all                   landing. The length of time must be                   DATES: Effective July 13, 2015.
                                                engines inoperative, at the speed that                  computed based on the maximum
                                                                                                                                                              FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Joe
                                                provides the best glide distance, from                  diversion time capability for which the
                                                                                                                                                              Jacobsen, FAA, Airplane and Flight
                                                the maximum operating altitude to the                   airplane is being certified. Bombardier
                                                                                                                                                              Crew Interface Branch, ANM–111,
                                                top of the engine restart envelope, and                 must account for airspeed reductions
                                                   b. Subsequently allow multiple start                                                                       Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft
                                                                                                        resulting from the associated failure or
                                                attempts of the engines and auxiliary                                                                         Certification Service, 1601 Lind Avenue
                                                                                                        failures.
                                                power unit (APU). The design must                          d. The airplane must provide                       SW., Renton, Washington 98057–3356;
                                                provide this capability in addition to the              adequate indication of loss of normal                 telephone 425–227–2011; facsimile
                                                electrical capability required by existing              electrical power to direct the pilot to the           425–227–1320.
                                                part 25 requirements related to                         non-normal procedures, and the                        SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
                                                operation with all engines inoperative.                 operating limitations section of the AFM              Background
                                                   3. The airplane emergency electrical                 must incorporate non-normal
                                                power system must be designed to                        procedures that will direct the pilot to                On December 10, 2009, Bombardier
                                                supply:                                                 take appropriate actions.                             Aerospace applied for a type certificate
                                                   a. Electrical power required for                                                                           for their new Models BD–500–1A10 and
                                                                                                          Issued in Renton, Washington, on May 15,            BD–500–1A11 series airplanes (hereafter
                                                immediate safety, which must continue                   2015.
                                                to operate without the need for crew                                                                          collectively referred to as ‘‘CSeries’’).
                                                                                                        Michael Kaszycki,                                     The CSeries airplanes are swept-wing
                                                action following the loss of the normal
                                                                                                        Acting Manager, Transport Airplane                    monoplanes with an aluminum alloy
                                                electrical power, for a duration                        Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service.
                                                sufficient to allow reconfiguration to                                                                        fuselage, sized for 5-abreast seating.
                                                                                                        [FR Doc. 2015–12698 Filed 5–26–15; 8:45 am]           Passenger capacity is designated as 110
                                                provide a non-time-limited source of
                                                electrical power.                                       BILLING CODE 4910–13–P                                for the Model BD–500–1A10 and 125 for
                                                   b. Electrical power required for                                                                           the Model BD–500–1A11. Maximum
                                                continued safe flight and landing for the                                                                     takeoff weight is 131,000 pounds for the
                                                                                                        DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION                          Model BD–500–1A10 and 144,000
                                                maximum diversion time.
                                                   4. If Bombardier uses APU-generated                  Federal Aviation Administration                       pounds for the Model BD–500–1A11.
                                                electrical power to satisfy the                                                                                 The CSeries flight control system
                                                requirements of these special                           14 CFR Part 25                                        design incorporates normal load factor
                                                conditions, and if reaching a suitable                                                                        limiting on a full time basis that will
                                                runway for landing is beyond the                        [Docket No. FAA–2015–0455; Special                    prevent the pilot from inadvertently or
                                                capacity of the battery systems, then the               Conditions No. 25–584–SC]                             intentionally exceeding the positive or
                                                APU must be able to be started under                                                                          negative airplane limit load factor. The
                                                                                                        Special Conditions: Bombardier                        FAA considers this feature to be novel
                                                any foreseeable flight condition prior to               Aerospace, Models BD–500–1A10 and
                                                the depletion of the battery or the                                                                           and unusual in that the current
                                                                                                        BD–500–1A11; Electronic Flight                        regulations do not provide standards for
                                                restoration of normal electrical power,                 Control System: Lateral-Directional
                                                whichever occurs first. Flight test must                                                                      maneuverability and controllability
                                                                                                        and Longitudinal Stability and Low-                   evaluations for such systems.
                                                demonstrate this capability at the most                 Energy Awareness
                                                critical condition.                                                                                           Type Certification Basis
                                                   a. Bombardier must show that the                     AGENCY:  Federal Aviation
                                                APU will provide adequate electrical                    Administration (FAA), DOT.                               Under the provisions of Title 14, Code
                                                power for continued safe flight and                     ACTION: Final special conditions.                     of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) 21.17,
                                                landing.                                                                                                      Bombardier Aerospace must show that
                                                   b. The operating limitations section of              SUMMARY:    These special conditions are              the CSeries airplanes meet the
                                                the airplane flight manual (AFM) must                   issued for the Bombardier Aerospace                   applicable provisions of 14 CFR part 25
                                                incorporate non-normal procedures that                  Models BD–500–1A10 and BD–500–                        as amended by Amendments 25–1
                                                direct the pilot to take appropriate                    1A11 series airplanes. These airplanes                through 25–129.
                                                actions to activate the APU after loss of               will have a novel or unusual design                      If the Administrator finds that the
                                                normal engine-driven generated                          feature when compared to the state of                 applicable airworthiness regulations
                                                electrical power.                                       technology envisioned in the                          (i.e., 14 CFR part 25) do not contain
                                                   5. As part of showing compliance                     airworthiness standards for transport                 adequate or appropriate safety standards
                                                with these special conditions, the tests                category airplanes. This design feature               for the CSeries airplanes because of a
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                                                to demonstrate loss of all normal                       is a fly-by-wire electronic flight control            novel or unusual design feature, special
                                                electrical power must also take into                    system that provides an electronic                    conditions are prescribed under the
                                                account the following:                                  interface between the pilot’s flight                  provisions of § 21.16.
                                                   a. The assumption that the failure                   controls and the flight control surfaces                 Special conditions are initially
                                                condition occurs during night                           for both normal and failure states. The               applicable to the model for which they
                                                instrument meteorological conditions                    system generates the actual surface                   are issued. Should the type certificate
                                                (IMC) at the most critical phase of the                 commands that provide for stability                   for that model be amended later to


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                                                                 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 101 / Wednesday, May 27, 2015 / Rules and Regulations                                            30135

                                                include any other model that                               The airplane should provide adequate               Discussion of Comments
                                                incorporates the same novel or unusual                  awareness cues to the pilot of a low-                   Notice of proposed special conditions
                                                design feature, these special conditions                energy (i.e., a low-speed, low-thrust, or             No. 25–15–04–SC for the Bombardier
                                                would also apply to the other model                     low-height) state to ensure that the                  CSeries airplanes was published in the
                                                under § 21.101.                                         airplane retains sufficient energy to                 Federal Register on March 5, 2015 (80
                                                  In addition to the applicable                         recover when flight control laws                      FR 11958). No comments were received,
                                                airworthiness regulations and special                   provide neutral longitudinal stability                and the special conditions are adopted
                                                conditions, the CSeries airplanes must                  significantly below the normal operating              as proposed.
                                                comply with the fuel vent and exhaust                   speeds. This may be accomplished as
                                                emission requirements of 14 CFR part                    follows:                                              Applicability
                                                34 and the noise certification                             (a) Adequate low-speed/low-thrust                    As discussed above, these special
                                                requirements of 14 CFR part 36, and the                 cues at low altitude may be provided by               conditions are applicable to the
                                                FAA must issue a finding of regulatory                  a strong positive static stability force              Bombardier BD–500–1A10 and BD–
                                                adequacy under § 611 of Public Law 92–                  gradient (1 pound per 6 knots applied                 500–1A11. Should Bombardier
                                                574, the ‘‘Noise Control Act of 1972.’’                 through the sidestick); or                            Aerospace apply at a later date for a
                                                  The FAA issues special conditions, as                                                                       change to the type certificate to include
                                                defined in 14 CFR 11.19, in accordance                     (b) Low-energy awareness may be
                                                                                                        provided by an appropriate warning                    another model incorporating the same
                                                with § 11.38, and they become part of                                                                         novel or unusual design feature, these
                                                the type certification basis under                      with the following characteristics:
                                                                                                           (i) It should be unique, unambiguous,              special conditions would apply to that
                                                § 21.17(a)(2).                                                                                                model as well.
                                                                                                        and unmistakable.
                                                Novel or Unusual Design Features                                                                              Conclusion
                                                                                                           (ii) It should be active at appropriate
                                                   The CSeries airplanes will incorporate               altitudes and in appropriate                            This action affects only certain novel
                                                the following novel or unusual design                   configurations (i.e., at low altitude, in             or unusual design features on two
                                                feature: Fly-by-wire electronic flight                  the approach and landing                              model series of airplanes. It is not a rule
                                                control system that provides an                         configurations).                                      of general applicability.
                                                electronic interface between the pilot’s                   (iii) It should be sufficiently timely to
                                                flight controls and the flight control                                                                        List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25
                                                                                                        allow recovery to a stabilized flight
                                                surfaces for both normal and failure                    condition inside the normal flight                      Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting
                                                states. The system generates the actual                 envelope while maintaining the desired                and recordkeeping requirements.
                                                surface commands that provide for                       flight path and without entering the                    The authority citation for these
                                                stability augmentation and control about                flight control’s angle-of-attack                      special conditions is as follows:
                                                all three airplane axes.                                protection mode.                                        Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701,
                                                Discussion                                                 (iv) It should not be triggered during             44702, 44704.
                                                   In the absence of positive lateral                   normal operation, including operation
                                                                                                        in moderate turbulence, for                           The Special Conditions
                                                stability, the curve of lateral control
                                                surface deflections against sideslip                    recommended maneuvers at                                 Accordingly, pursuant to the
                                                angle should be in a conventional sense                 recommended speeds.                                   authority delegated to me by the
                                                and reasonably in harmony with rudder                      (v) It should not be cancelable by the             Administrator, the following special
                                                deflection during steady heading                        pilot other than by achieving a higher-               conditions are issued as part of the type
                                                sideslip maneuvers.                                     energy state.                                         certification basis for Bombardier
                                                   Since conventional relationships                                                                           Aerospace Models BD–500–1A10 and
                                                                                                           (vi) There should be an adequate
                                                between stick forces and control surface                                                                      BD–500–1A11 series airplanes.
                                                                                                        hierarchy among the warnings so that
                                                displacements do not apply to the ‘‘load                                                                         1. Electronic Flight Control System:
                                                                                                        the pilot is not confused and led to take
                                                factor command’’ flight control system                                                                        Lateral-Directional and Longitudinal
                                                                                                        inappropriate recovery action if
                                                on the CSeries airplanes, Bombardier                                                                          Stability and Low-Energy Awareness. In
                                                                                                        multiple warnings occur.
                                                should evaluate the longitudinal                                                                              lieu of the requirements of §§ 25.171,
                                                stability characteristics by assessing the                 Bombardier should use simulator and                25.173, 25.175, and 25.177:
                                                airplane handling qualities during                      flight tests in the whole take-off and                   (a) The airplane must be shown to
                                                simulator and flight test maneuvers                     landing altitude range for which                      have suitable static lateral, directional,
                                                appropriate to the operation of the                     certification is requested to evaluate                and longitudinal stability in any
                                                airplane. Bombardier may accomplish                     global energy awareness and non-                      condition normally encountered in
                                                this by using the Handling Qualities                    nuisance of low-energy cues. This                     service, including the effects of
                                                Rating Method presented in appendix 5                   would include all relevant combinations               atmospheric disturbance. The showing
                                                of Advisory Circular (AC) 25–7C, Flight                 of weight, center-of-gravity position,                of suitable static lateral, directional, and
                                                Test Guide for Certification of Transport               configuration, airbrakes position, and                longitudinal stability must be based on
                                                Category Airplanes, dated October 16,                   available thrust, including reduced and               the airplane handling qualities,
                                                2012, or they may propose an acceptable                 de-rated take-off thrust operations and               including pilot workload and pilot
                                                alternative method. Important                           engine failure cases. Bombardier should               compensation, for specific test
                                                considerations are as follows:                          conduct a sufficient number of tests to               procedures during the flight test
                                                   (a) Adequate speed control without                   assess the level of energy awareness and              evaluations.
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                                                creating excessive pilot workload;                      the effects of energy management errors.                 (b) The airplane must provide
                                                   (b) Acceptable high- and low-speed                      These special conditions contain the               adequate awareness to the pilot of a
                                                protection; and                                         additional safety standards that the                  low-energy (low-speed/low-thrust/low-
                                                   (c) Provision of adequate cues to the                Administrator considers necessary to                  height) state when fitted with flight
                                                pilot of significant speed excursions                   establish a level of safety equivalent to             control laws presenting neutral
                                                beyond VMO/MMO and low-speed                            that established by the existing                      longitudinal stability significantly
                                                awareness flight conditions.                            airworthiness standards.                              below the normal operating speeds.


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                                                30136            Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 101 / Wednesday, May 27, 2015 / Rules and Regulations

                                                ‘‘Adequate awareness’’ means warning                    wing-flap position with all engines                     For service information identified in
                                                information must be provided to alert                   operating.                                            this AD, contact Marshall Aerospace
                                                the crew of unsafe operating conditions                   Issued in Renton, Washington, on May 15,            and Defence Group, The Airport,
                                                and to enable them to take appropriate                  2015.                                                 Newmarket Road, Cambridge, CB5 8RX,
                                                corrective action.                                      Michael Kaszycki,                                     UK; telephone: +44 (0) 1223 399856;
                                                   (c) The static directional stability (as             Acting Manager, Transport Airplane                    fax: +44 (0) 7825365617; email:
                                                shown by the tendency to recover from                   Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service.          mark.bright@marshalladg.com; Internet:
                                                a skid with the rudder free) must be                    [FR Doc. 2015–12699 Filed 5–26–15; 8:45 am]           www.marshalladg.com. You may view
                                                positive for any landing gear and flap                  BILLING CODE 4910–13–P
                                                                                                                                                              this referenced service information at
                                                position and symmetrical power                                                                                the FAA, Small Airplane Directorate,
                                                condition, at speeds from 1.13 VSR1, up                                                                       901 Locust, Kansas City, Missouri
                                                to VFE, VLE, or VFC/MFC (as appropriate).               DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION                          64106. For information on the
                                                   (d) The static lateral stability (as                                                                       availability of this material at the FAA,
                                                shown by the tendency to raise the low                  Federal Aviation Administration                       call (816) 329–4148. It is also available
                                                wing in a sideslip with the aileron                                                                           on the Internet at http://
                                                controls free), for any landing-gear and                14 CFR Part 39                                        www.regulations.gov by searching for
                                                wing-flap position and symmetric-                       [Docket No. FAA–2015–1737; Directorate                locating Docket No. FAA–2015–1737.
                                                power condition, may not be negative at                 Identifier 2015–CE–014–AD; Amendment                  Examining the AD Docket
                                                any airspeed (except that speeds higher                 39–18164; AD 2015–11–01]
                                                than VFE need not be considered for                                                                              You may examine the AD docket on
                                                                                                        RIN 2120–AA64                                         the Internet at http://
                                                wing-flaps-extended configurations nor
                                                speeds higher than VLE for landing-gear-                                                                      www.regulations.gov by searching for
                                                                                                        Airworthiness Directives; Slingsby                    and locating Docket No. FAA–2015–
                                                extended configurations) in the                         Aviation Ltd. Airplanes
                                                following airspeed ranges:                                                                                    1737; or in person at the Docket
                                                   (i) From 1.13 VSR1 to VMO/MMO.                       AGENCY:  Federal Aviation                             Management Facility between 9 a.m.
                                                   (ii) From VMO/MMO to VFC/MFC,                        Administration (FAA), DOT.                            and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday,
                                                unless the divergence is—                               ACTION: Final rule; request for                       except Federal holidays. The AD docket
                                                   (1) Gradual;                                         comments.                                             contains this AD, the regulatory
                                                   (2) Easily recognizable by the pilot;                                                                      evaluation, any comments received, and
                                                                                                        SUMMARY:   We are adopting a new                      other information. The street address for
                                                and
                                                                                                        airworthiness directive (AD) for                      the Docket Office (telephone (800) 647–
                                                   (3) Easily controllable by the pilot.                Slingsby Aviation Ltd. Models T67M260
                                                   (e) In straight, steady sideslips over                                                                     5527) is in the ADDRESSES section.
                                                                                                        and T67M260–T3A airplanes. This AD                    Comments will be available in the AD
                                                the range of sideslip angles appropriate                results from mandatory continuing
                                                to the operation of the airplane, but not                                                                     docket shortly after receipt.
                                                                                                        airworthiness information (MCAI)                      FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jim
                                                less than those obtained with one half                  issued by the aviation authority of
                                                of the available rudder control                                                                               Rutherford, Aerospace Engineer, FAA,
                                                                                                        another country to identify and correct               Small Airplane Directorate, 901 Locust,
                                                movement (but not exceeding a rudder                    an unsafe condition on an aviation
                                                control force of 180 pounds), rudder                                                                          Room 301, Kansas City, Missouri 64106;
                                                                                                        product. The MCAI describes the unsafe                telephone: (816) 329–4165; fax: (816)
                                                control movements and forces must be                    condition as failure of a brake master
                                                substantially proportional to the angle                                                                       329–4090; email: jim.rutherford@
                                                                                                        cylinder pivot pin. We are issuing this               faa.gov.
                                                of sideslip in a stable sense; and the                  AD to require actions to address the
                                                factor of proportionality must lie                      unsafe condition on these products.                   SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
                                                between limits found necessary for safe                 DATES: This AD is effective June 16,                  Discussion
                                                operation. This requirement must be                     2015.
                                                met for the configurations and speeds                                                                           The European Aviation Safety Agency
                                                                                                           The Director of the Federal Register
                                                specified in paragraph (c) of this                                                                            (EASA), which is the Technical Agent
                                                                                                        approved the incorporation by reference
                                                section.                                                                                                      for the Member States of the European
                                                                                                        of a certain publication listed in this AD
                                                   (f) For sideslip angles greater than                 as of June 16, 2015.                                  Community, has issued AD No.: 2015–
                                                those prescribed by paragraph (e) of this                  We must receive comments on this                   0065–E, dated April 24, 2015, to correct
                                                section, up to the angle at which full                  AD by July 13, 2015.                                  an unsafe condition for the specified
                                                rudder control is used or a rudder                                                                            products. The MCAI states:
                                                                                                        ADDRESSES: You may send comments by
                                                control force of 180 pounds is obtained,                any of the following methods:                            An occurrence was reported where pivot
                                                the rudder control forces may not                          • Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to                pin Part Number (P/N) T67M–45–539, of
                                                reverse, and increased rudder deflection                http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the                rudder pedal assembly #4, installed on the
                                                must be needed for increased angles of                                                                        right hand (RH) side of the aeroplane (RH
                                                                                                        instructions for submitting comments.                 seat, RH pedal) failed during taxi. This
                                                sideslip. Compliance with this                             • Fax: (202) 493–2251.                             caused the rudder pedal mechanism to
                                                requirement must be shown using                            • Mail: U.S. Department of                         detach from the brake master cylinder.
                                                straight, steady sideslips, unless full                 Transportation, Docket Operations,                       This condition, if not detected and
                                                lateral control input is achieved before                M–30, West Building Ground Floor,                     corrected, could cause the rudder linkages to
                                                reaching either full rudder control input               Room W12–140, 1200 New Jersey                         rotate out of their normal orientation,
                                                or a rudder control force of 180 pounds;                Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590.                     possibly resulting in jammed rudder controls
mstockstill on DSK4VPTVN1PROD with RULES




                                                a straight, steady sideslip need not be                    • Hand Delivery: U.S. Department of                and consequent loss of control of the
                                                maintained after achieving full lateral                 Transportation, Docket Operations,                    aeroplane.
                                                                                                                                                                 To address this potential unsafe condition,
                                                control input. This requirement must be                 M–30, West Building Ground Floor,                     Slingsby Advanced Composites Ltd, trading
                                                met at all approved landing gear and                    Room W12–140, 1200 New Jersey                         as Marshall Aerospace and Defence Group
                                                wing-flap positions for the range of                    Avenue SE., Washington, DC 20590,                     (hereafter called ‘Marshall’ in this AD) issued
                                                operating speeds and power conditions                   between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday                     Service Bulletin (SB) SBM200 to provide
                                                appropriate to each landing gear and                    through Friday, except Federal holidays.              inspection instructions.



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Document Created: 2015-12-15 15:35:31
Document Modified: 2015-12-15 15:35:31
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionRules and Regulations
ActionFinal special conditions.
DatesEffective July 13, 2015.
ContactJoe Jacobsen, FAA, Airplane and Flight Crew Interface Branch, ANM-111, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, Washington 98057-3356; telephone 425-227-2011; facsimile 425-227-1320.
FR Citation80 FR 30134 
CFR AssociatedAircraft; Aviation Safety and Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements

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