80_FR_42189 80 FR 42053 - Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Determination 30 for Significant New Alternatives Policy Program

80 FR 42053 - Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Determination 30 for Significant New Alternatives Policy Program

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

Federal Register Volume 80, Issue 136 (July 16, 2015)

Page Range42053-42066
FR Document2015-17469

This determination of acceptability expands the list of acceptable substitutes pursuant to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program. This action lists as acceptable additional substitutes for use in the refrigeration and air conditioning; foam blowing; solvent cleaning; aerosols; and adhesives, coatings, and inks sectors.

Federal Register, Volume 80 Issue 136 (Thursday, July 16, 2015)
[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 136 (Thursday, July 16, 2015)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 42053-42066]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2015-17469]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 82

[EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118; FRL-9930-55-OAR]
RIN 2060-AG12


Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Determination 30 for 
Significant New Alternatives Policy Program

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Determination of acceptability.

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SUMMARY: This determination of acceptability expands the list of 
acceptable substitutes pursuant to the U.S. Environmental Protection 
Agency's (EPA) Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program. This 
action lists as acceptable additional substitutes for use in the 
refrigeration and air conditioning; foam blowing; solvent cleaning; 
aerosols; and adhesives, coatings, and inks sectors.

DATES: This determination is effective on July 16, 2015.

ADDRESSES: EPA established a docket for this action under Docket ID No. 
EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 (continuation of Air Docket A-91-42). All 
electronic documents in the docket are listed in the index at 
www.regulations.gov. Although listed in the index, some information is 
not publicly available, i.e., Confidential Business Information (CBI) 
or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. 
Publicly available docket materials are available either electronically 
at www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the EPA Air Docket (Nos. A-
91-42 and EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118), EPA Docket Center (EPA/DC), William J. 
Clinton West, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 
20460. The Public Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., 
Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number 
for the Public Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the telephone number 
for the Air Docket is (202) 566-1742.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Gerald Wozniak by telephone at (202) 
343-9624, by email at [email protected], or by mail at U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Code 6205T, 1200 Pennsylvania 
Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20460. Overnight or courier deliveries 
should be sent to the office location at 1201 Constitution Avenue NW., 
Washington, DC 20004.
    For more information on the Agency's process for administering the 
SNAP program or criteria for the evaluation of substitutes, refer to 
the original SNAP rulemaking published in the Federal Register on March 
18, 1994 (59 FR 13,044). Notices and rulemakings under the SNAP 
program, as well as other EPA publications on protection of 
stratospheric ozone, are available at EPA's Ozone Depletion Web site at 
www.epa.gov/ozone/strathome.html including the SNAP portion at 
www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes
    A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
    B. Foam Blowing
    C. Solvent Cleaning
    D. Aerosols
    E. Adhesives, Coatings, and Inks
II. Section 612 Program
    A. Statutory Requirements and Authority for the SNAP Program
    B. EPA's Regulations Implementing Section 612
    C. How the Regulations for the SNAP Program Work
    D. Additional Information about the SNAP Program
Appendix A: Summary of Decisions for New Acceptable Substitutes

I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes

    This action presents EPA's most recent decision to list as 
acceptable several substitutes in the refrigeration and air 
conditioning; foam blowing; solvent cleaning; aerosols; and adhesives, 
coatings, and inks sectors. New substitutes are:
     R-450A in new vending machines;
     R-448A in several refrigeration and air conditioning end-
uses;
     R-513A in several refrigeration and air conditioning end-
uses;
     R-449A in several refrigeration and air conditioning end-
uses;

[[Page 42054]]

     Hydrofluoroolefin \1\ (HFO)-1336mzz(Z) in rigid 
polyurethane spray foam (high-pressure, two-part uses only); and
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    \1\ Hydrofluoroolefins are unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons having 
at least one double bond.
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     Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE) in non-
mechanical heat transfer, three solvent cleaning end-uses, aerosol 
solvents, and adhesives and coatings.
    For copies of the full list of acceptable substitutes for ozone 
depleting substances (ODS) in all industrial sectors, visit EPA's Ozone 
Layer Protection Web site at www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/lists/index.html. 
Substitutes listed as unacceptable; acceptable, subject to narrowed use 
limits; or acceptable, subject to use conditions are also listed in the 
appendices to 40 CFR part 82, subpart G.
    The sections below discuss each substitute listing in detail. 
Appendix A contains tables summarizing today's listing decisions for 
these new substitutes. The statements in the ``Further Information'' 
column in the tables provide additional information, but are not 
legally binding under section 612 of the Clean Air Act (CAA). In 
addition, the ``Further Information'' column may not include a 
comprehensive list of other legal obligations you may need to meet when 
using the substitute. Although you are not required to follow 
recommendations in the ``Further Information'' column of the table to 
use a substitute consistent with section 612 of the CAA, some of these 
statements may refer to obligations that are enforceable or binding 
under federal or state programs other than the SNAP program. In many 
instances, the information simply refers to standard operating 
practices in existing industry standards and/or building codes. When 
using these substitutes, EPA strongly encourages you to apply the 
information in this column. Many of these recommendations, if adopted, 
would not require significant changes to existing operating practices.
    You can find submissions to EPA for the substitutes listed in this 
document, as well as other materials supporting the decisions in this 
action, in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 at www.regulations.gov.

A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

1. R-450A
    EPA's decision: EPA finds R-450A acceptable as a substitute for use 
in new equipment in vending machines.
    R-450A, marketed under the trade name Solstice[supreg] N-13, is a 
weighted blend of 42 percent hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-134a, which is 
also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811-97-2) and 58 
percent HFO-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans-1,3,3,3-
tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118-24-9).
    You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``Solstice[supreg] N-13 (R-450A) 
SNAP Information Notice.'' EPA performed assessments to examine the 
health and environmental risks of this substitute. These assessments 
are available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the following name:
     ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Retail Food 
Refrigeration, Vending Machines, and Commercial Ice Machines 
Substitute: R-450A''
    EPA previously listed R-450A as acceptable for use as a refrigerant 
in several refrigeration and air conditioning end-uses (October 21, 
2014, 79 FR 62,863).
    Environmental information: R-450A has an ozone depletion potential 
(ODP) of zero. Its components, HFC-134a and HFO-1234ze(E), have global 
warming potentials (GWPs) of 1,430 \2\ and one to six,\3\ respectively. 
When these values are weighted by mass percentage, then R-450A has a 
100-year integrated GWP (100-yr GWP) of about 600. The components of R-
450A are both excluded from the definition of volatile organic 
compounds (VOC) under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) addressing 
the development of state implementation plans (SIPs) to attain and 
maintain the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS). Knowingly 
venting or releasing this refrigerant blend is limited by the venting 
prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of the CAA, codified at 40 CFR 
82.154(a)(1).\4\
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    \2\ Unless otherwise stated, all GWPs in this document are from: 
IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. 
Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of 
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., Qin, D., 
Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor M., and 
Miller, H. L. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United 
Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. This document is accessible at 
www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/contents.html.
    \3\ Hodnebrog, [Oslash]., Etminan, M., Fuglestvedt, J. S., 
Marston, G., Myhre, G., Nielsen, C. J., Shine, K. P., Wallington, T. 
J., Global Warming Potentials and Radiative Efficiencies of 
Halocarbons and Related Compounds: A Comprehensive Review, Reviews 
of Geophysics, 51, 300-378, doi:10.1002/rog.20013, 2013; Javadi, M. 
S., S[oslash]ndergaard, R., Nielsen, O. J., Hurley, M. D., and 
Wallington, T. J.: Atmospheric chemistry of trans-CF3CH=CHF: 
products and mechanisms of hydroxyl radical and chlorine atom 
initiated oxidation. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8, 3141-
3147, 2008.
    \4\ For more information, including definitions, see 40 CFR part 
82 subpart F.
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    Flammability information: R-450A as formulated and in the worst-
case fractionation formulation is not flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to 
this substitute include drowsiness or dizziness. The substitute may 
also irritate the skin or eyes or cause frostbite. At sufficiently high 
concentrations, the substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. The 
substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a 
confined space. These potential health effects are common to many 
refrigerants.
    The American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) has established 
Workplace Environmental Exposure Levels (WEELs) of 1,000 ppm and 800 
ppm as 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWAs) for HFC-134a and HFO-
1234ze(E), the components of R-450A, respectively. The manufacturer of 
R-450A recommends an acceptable exposure limit (AEL) for the workplace 
of 880 ppm on an 8-hour TWA for the blend. EPA anticipates that users 
will be able to meet each of the AIHA WEELs and the manufacturer's AEL, 
and address potential health risks by following requirements and 
recommendations in the manufacturer's safety data sheet (SDS), in the 
American Society for Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning 
Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 15, and other safety precautions common to 
the refrigeration and air conditioning industry.
    Comparison to other substitutes in this end-use: R-450A has an ODP 
of zero, comparable \5\ to or lower than other listed substitutes. R-
450A's GWP of about 600 is higher than that of some acceptable 
substitutes in this end-use, such as CO2 with a GWP of one 
and propane (R-290), isobutane (R-600a), and R-441A with GWPs ranging 
from three to eight; is comparable to IKON-B's GWP of approximately 
550; and is lower than FRIGC FR-12's GWP of approximately 1,080.\6\ 
Flammability risks are low, as discussed above, and are comparable to 
flammability risks of other available substitutes in the same end-use. 
The toxicity risks are similar to those for many other refrigerants 
and, as with those other refrigerants, can be minimized by use 
consistent with the AIHA WEELs, ASHRAE 15 and other

[[Page 42055]]

industry standards, recommendations in the SDS, and other safety 
precautions common in the refrigeration and air conditioning industry; 
moreover, these risks are common to many refrigerants, including many 
of those already listed as acceptable under SNAP.
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    \5\ This is in contrast to the historically used ODS 
hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)-22 with an ODP of 0.055.
    \6\ Propane (R-290), isobutane (R-600a), and R-441A are 
acceptable, subject to use conditions, in this end-use. These three 
substitutes are subject to a use condition restricting charge sizes 
to 150 grams (g) or less and thus may limit their use for equipment 
that requires larger charge sizes.
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    EPA finds R-450A acceptable in the end-use listed above, because 
the overall environmental and human health risk posed by R-450A is 
lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes 
acceptable in the same end-use.
2. R-448A
    EPA's decision: EPA finds R-448A acceptable as a substitute for use 
in:

 Commercial ice machines (new and retrofit equipment)
 Refrigerated transport (new and retrofit equipment)
 Retail food refrigeration--low-temperature stand-alone 
equipment (i.e., equipment designed to maintain internal temperatures 
at 32 [deg]F (0[deg] C) or below) (new and retrofit equipment)
 Retail food refrigeration--supermarket systems and remote 
condensing units (new and retrofit equipment)

    R-448A, marketed under the trade name Solstice[supreg] N-40, is a 
weighted blend of 26 percent HFC-32, which is also known as 
difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-10-5); 26 percent HFC-125, which is 
also known as 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354-33-6); 21 
percent HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS 
Reg. No. 811-97-2); 20 percent HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No 754-12-1); and 7 percent 
HFO-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-
ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118-24-9).
    You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``Solstice[supreg] N-40 (R-448A) 
SNAP Information Notice.'' EPA performed assessments to examine the 
health and environmental risks of this substitute. These assessments 
are available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the following names:
     ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Retail Food 
Refrigeration and Commercial Ice Machines Substitute: R-448A''
     ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Refrigerated 
Transport Substitute: R-448A''
    Environmental information: R-448A has an ODP of zero. Its 
components, HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFO-1234yf, and HFO-1234ze(E) 
have GWPs of 675; 3,500; 1,430; one to four; 7 8 and one to 
six; \9\ respectively. If these values are weighted by mass percentage, 
then R-448A has a GWP of about 1,390. The components of R-448A are 
excluded from the definition of VOC under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 
51.100(s)) addressing the development of SIPs to attain and maintain 
the NAAQS. Knowingly venting or releasing this refrigerant blend is 
limited by the venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of the CAA, 
codified at 40 CFR 82.154(a)(1).
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    \7\ Hodnebrog et al., 2013. Op. cit.
    \8\ Nielsen, O. J., Javadi, M. S., Sulbaek Andersen, M. P., 
Hurley, M. D., Wallington, T. J., Singh, R. Atmospheric chemistry of 
CF3CF=CH2: Kinetics and mechanisms of gas-
phase reactions with Cl atoms, OH radicals, and O3. 
Chemical Physics Letters 439, 18-22, 2007.
    \9\ Hodnebrog et al., 2013 and Javadi et al., 2008. Op. cit.
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    Flammability information: R-448A as formulated and in the worst-
case fractionation formulation is not flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to 
this substitute include drowsiness or dizziness. The substitute may 
also irritate the skin or eyes or cause frostbite. At sufficiently high 
concentrations, the substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. The 
substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a 
confined space. These potential health effects are common to many 
refrigerants.
    The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm as an 8-hr TWA for HFC-
32, HFC-125, and HFC-134a; 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf; and 800 ppm for HFO-
1234ze(E), the components of R-448A. The manufacturer of R-448A 
recommends an AEL of 890 ppm on an 8-hour TWA for the blend. EPA 
anticipates that users will be able to meet the AIHA WEELs and 
manufacturer's AEL, and address potential health risks by following 
requirements and recommendations in the SDS, in ASHRAE 15, and other 
safety precautions common to the refrigeration and air conditioning 
industry.
    Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: R-448A has an 
ODP of zero, comparable \10\ to or lower than the other substitutes 
acceptable in these end-uses.
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    \10\ This is in contrast to the historically used ODS 
chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-12, R-502A, and HCFC-22 with ODPs ranging 
from 0.055 to 1.0.
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    In refrigerated transport, many substitutes listed as acceptable 
have comparable or higher GWPs, such as HFC-134a, R-404A, and other HFC 
refrigerant blends, with GWPs ranging from 1,430 to approximately 
3,990; other substitutes listed as acceptable substitutes for 
refrigerated transport have a lower GWP including R-450A, 
CO2, direct nitrogen expansion, and Stirling cycle, with 
GWPs ranging from zero to about 600.
    For commercial ice machines, many substitutes listed as acceptable 
have comparable or higher GWPs, such as HFC-134a, R-404A, and other HFC 
blends with GWPs ranging from approximately 1,400 to 3,990; other 
substitutes listed as acceptable substitutes for commercial ice 
machines have a lower GWP including ammonia absorption, ammonia vapor 
compression, Stirling cycle, and R-450A with GWPs ranging from zero to 
about 600.
    R-448A's GWP of about 1,390 is comparable to or lower than a number 
of other substitutes listed as acceptable in retail food 
refrigeration--supermarket systems and remote condensing units, 
including three of the more commonly used substitutes at this time: 
HFC-134a, R-407A, and R-407C, with GWPs ranging from 1,430 to 
approximately 2,110. R-448A's GWP of about 1,390 is higher than the GWP 
of some other acceptable substitutes in retail food refrigeration--
supermarket refrigeration systems and remote condensing units, 
including CO2 with a GWP of one and R-450A with a GWP of 
about 600.
    R-448A's GWP of about 1,390 is comparable to the GWP of several 
refrigerants listed as acceptable for the retail food refrigeration-
low-temperature stand-alone equipment end-use: HFC-134a with a GWP of 
1430 and a number of HFC blends with GWPs in the range of 1,100 to 
1,500.\11\ The GWP of R-448A is higher than that of some other listed 
substitutes for the low-temperature stand-alone equipment end-use, 
including CO2, propane, isobutane, and R-441A (with GWPs 
ranging from one to eight).
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    \11\ Historically, under the SNAP listings, we have not 
subdivided the retail food refrigeration--stand-alone equipment end-
use. In the final rule that changes the status of certain 
refrigerants for this end-use and which we are issuing 
contemporaneously with this action, we have determined that the 
refrigerant choices for low-temperature stand-alone equipment, for 
which greater cooling capacity is required, are more limited than 
for other stand-alone equipment (which we refer to as medium-
temperature equipment). In that action, we subdivided the stand-
alone equipment end-use. Therefore, in this action we are evaluating 
low-temperature equipment and medium-temperature equipment as 
separate end-uses.
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    Flammability risks are low, as discussed above, and are comparable 
to flammability risks of other available substitutes in the same end-
uses. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with the AIHA 
WEELs,

[[Page 42056]]

ASHRAE 15, and other industry standards, recommendations in the SDS, 
and other safety precautions common in the refrigeration and air 
conditioning industry; moreover, those risks are common to many 
refrigerants, including many of those already listed as acceptable 
under SNAP for these same end-uses.
    EPA finds R-448A acceptable in the end-uses listed above, because 
the overall environmental and human health risk posed by R-448A is 
lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found 
acceptable in the same end-uses.
3. R-513A
    EPA's decision: EPA finds R-513A acceptable as a substitute for use 
in:

 Centrifugal chillers (new and retrofit equipment)
 Cold storage warehouses (new and retrofit equipment)
 Commercial ice machines (new and retrofit equipment)
 Household refrigerators and freezers (new and retrofit 
equipment)
 Industrial process air-conditioning (new and retrofit 
equipment)
 Industrial process refrigeration (new and retrofit equipment)
 Reciprocating, screw and scroll chillers (new and retrofit 
equipment)
 Refrigerated transport (new and retrofit equipment)
 Retail food refrigeration--low-temperature and medium-
temperature \12\ stand-alone equipment (new and retrofit equipment)
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    \12\ As provided in the listing decision for R-448A for retail 
food refrigeration, we are making separate listing decisions for 
low-temperature stand-alone equipment (i.e. equipment designed to 
maintain internal temperatures at 32 [deg]F (0 [deg]C) or below) and 
medium-temperature equipment (i.e., stand-alone equipment designed 
to maintain internal temperatures above 32 [deg]F (0 [deg]C).
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 Retail food refrigeration--supermarket systems and remote 
condensing units (new and retrofit equipment)
 Vending machines (new and retrofit equipment)
 Water coolers (new and retrofit equipment)

    R-513A, marketed under the trade name Opteon[supreg] XP 10, is a 
weighted blend of 44 percent HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2 
tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811-97-2); and 56 percent HFO-1234yf, 
which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754-
12-1).
    You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``Opteon[supreg] XP 10 (R-513A) 
SNAP Information Notice.'' EPA performed assessments to examine the 
health and environmental risks of this substitute. These assessments 
are available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the following names:

 ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Chillers and 
Industrial Process Air Conditioning Substitute: R-513A''
 ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Cold Storage 
Warehouses and Industrial Process Refrigeration Substitute: R-513A''
 ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Household 
Refrigerators and Freezers and Water Coolers Substitute: R-513A''
 ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Refrigerated Transport 
Substitute: R-513A''
 ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Retail Food 
Refrigeration, Vending Machines, and Commercial Ice Machines 
Substitute: R-513A''

    Environmental information: R-513A has an ODP of zero. Its 
components, HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, have GWPs of 1,430 and one to 
four,\13\ respectively. If these values are weighted by mass 
percentage, then R-513A has a GWP of about 630. The components of R-
513A are both excluded from the definition of VOC under CAA regulations 
(see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the development of SIPs to attain and 
maintain the NAAQS. Knowingly venting or releasing this refrigerant 
blend is limited by the venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of 
the CAA, codified at 40 CFR 82.154(a)(1).
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    \13\ Hodnebrog et al., 2013 and Nielsen et al., 2007. Op. cit.
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    Flammability information: R-513A as formulated and in the worst-
case fractionation formulation is not flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to 
this substitute include drowsiness or dizziness. The substitute may 
also irritate the skin or eyes or cause frostbite. At sufficiently high 
concentrations, the substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. The 
substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a 
confined space. These potential health effects are common to many 
refrigerants.
    The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm as an 8-
hour TWA for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively, the components of 
R-513A. The manufacturer of R-513A recommends an AEL of 653 ppm on an 
8-hour TWA for the blend. EPA anticipates that users will be able to 
meet each of the AIHA WEELs and the manufacturer's AEL, and address 
potential health risks by following requirements and recommendations in 
the SDS, in ASHRAE 15, and other safety precautions common to the 
refrigeration and air conditioning industry.
    Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: R-513A has an 
ODP of zero, comparable \14\ to or lower than other listed substitutes 
in these end-uses.
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    \14\ This is in contrast to the historically used ODS CFC-12, R-
502A, and HCFC-22 with ODPs ranging from 0.055 to 1.0.
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    R-513A's GWP of about 630 is comparable to or lower than a number 
of other substitutes in retail food refrigeration--supermarket systems 
and remote condensing units, including R-450A, HFC-134a, R-407A, R-
407C, and a number of HFC blends, with GWPs ranging from approximately 
600 to 2,110. R-513's GWP of about 630 is higher than those of some 
other acceptable substitutes in new retail food refrigeration--
supermarket refrigeration systems and remote condensing units, 
including CO2 with a GWP of one.
    In retail food refrigeration--low-temperature stand-alone 
equipment, R-513A's GWP of about 630 is comparable to or lower than a 
number of other substitutes, including IKON B, R-450A, FRIGC FR-12, 
HFC-134a, and R-426Awith GWPs ranging from approximately 550 to 
approximately 1,500. In retail food-refrigeration--medium temperature 
stand-alone equipment and vending machines, R-513A's GWP of about 630 
is higher than that of some acceptable substitutes in this end-use, 
such as CO2 with a GWP of one and propane (R-290), isobutane 
(R-600a), and R-441A with GWPs ranging from three to eight; is 
comparable to the GWPs of IKON-B and R-450A, which are approximately 
550 to 600; and is lower than FRIGC FR-12's GWP of approximately 
1,080.\15\
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    \15\ Propane (R-290), isobutane (R-600a), and R-441A are 
acceptable, subject to use conditions, in this end-use. These three 
substitutes are subject to a use condition restricting charge sizes 
to 150 g or less and thus may limit their use for equipment that 
requires larger charge sizes.
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    In refrigerated transport, many substitutes listed as acceptable 
have comparable or higher GWPs, such as R-450A, HFC-134a, R-404A, and 
other HFC refrigerant blends, with GWPs ranging from approximately 600 
to approximately 3,990; acceptable substitutes for refrigerated 
transport with a lower GWP include CO2, direct nitrogen 
expansion, and Stirling cycle, with GWPs in the range of zero to one.
    For cold storage warehouses and industrial process refrigeration, 
many substitutes listed as acceptable have comparable or higher GWPs, 
such as R-

[[Page 42057]]

450A, HFC-134a, R-404A, and other HFC refrigerant blends, with GWPs 
ranging from approximately 600 to approximately 3,990; acceptable 
substitutes for new cold storage warehouses and for industrial process 
refrigeration with a lower GWP include CO2 and ammonia with 
GWPs in the range of zero to one.
    For commercial ice machines, most other substitutes listed as 
acceptable have comparable or higher GWPs, such as R-450A, R-404A and 
other HFC blends with GWPs ranging from approximately 600 to 3,990. 
Ammonia vapor compression with a GWP of zero is also an acceptable 
substitute in this end-use.
    In household refrigerators and freezers, many substitutes listed as 
acceptable have comparable or higher GWPs than R-513A, such as R-450A, 
R-134a, R-404A and other HFC blends with GWPs ranging from 
approximately 600 to 3,990. R-513A's GWP of approximately 630 is higher 
than those of some other acceptable substitutes in this end-use for new 
equipment, including propane, isobutane, and R-441A \16\ (with GWPs 
ranging from three to eight), and HFC-152a with a GWP of 124.
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    \16\ Propane (R-290), isobutane (R-600a), and R-441Aare 
acceptable, subject to use conditions, in this end-use. These three 
substitutes are subject to a use condition restricting charge sizes 
to 57 g or less and thus may limit their use for equipment that 
requires larger charge sizes.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    For centrifugal, reciprocating, screw and scroll chillers, most 
other substitutes listed as acceptable have comparable or higher GWPs, 
such as R-450A, R-134a, R-404A and other HFC blends with GWPs ranging 
from approximately 600 to 3,990. In these end-uses, acceptable 
substitutes with lower GWPs for new equipment include ammonia 
absorption and ammonia vapor compression, HFO-1234ze(E), and for 
centrifugal chillers only, trans-1-chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoroprop-1-ene, 
with GWPs in the range of zero to seven.
    For industrial process air conditioning and water coolers, all 
other substitutes listed as acceptable have comparable or higher GWPs, 
such as R-450A, R-134a, R-404A and other HFC blends with GWPs ranging 
from approximately 600 to 3,990.
    Flammability risks are low, as discussed above, and are comparable 
to flammability risks of other available substitutes in the same end-
uses. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with the AIHA 
WEELs, ASHRAE 15 and other industry standards, recommendations in the 
SDS, and other safety precautions common in the refrigeration and air 
conditioning industry; moreover, those risks are common to many 
refrigerants, including many of those already listed as acceptable 
under SNAP for these same end-uses.
    EPA finds R-513A acceptable in the end-uses listed above, because 
the overall environmental and human health risk posed by R-513A is 
lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found 
acceptable in the same end-uses.
4. R-449A
    EPA's decision: EPA finds R-449A acceptable as a substitute for use 
in:

 Commercial ice machines (new and retrofit equipment)
 Refrigerated transport (new and retrofit equipment)
 Retail food refrigeration--low-temperature stand-alone 
equipment (new and retrofit equipment)
 Retail food refrigeration--supermarket systems and remote 
condensing units (new and retrofit equipment)

    R-449A, marketed under the trade name Opteon[supreg] XP 40, is a 
weighted blend of 24.3 percent HFC-32, which is also known as 
difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-10-5); 24.7 percent HFC-125, which is 
also known as 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354-33-6); 25.7 
percent HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS 
Reg. No. 811-97-2); and 25.3 percent HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
    You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``Opteon[supreg] XP 40 (R-449A) 
SNAP Information Notice.'' EPA performed assessments to examine the 
health and environmental risks of this substitute. These assessments 
are available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the following names:
     ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Refrigerated 
Transport Substitute:
    R-449A''
     ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Retail Food 
Refrigeration and
    Commercial Ice Machines Substitute: R-449A''
    Environmental information: R-449A has an ODP of zero. Its 
components, HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, and HFO-1234yf have GWPs of 675; 
3,500; 1,430; and one to four,\17\ respectively. If these values are 
weighted by mass percentage, then R-449A has a GWP of about 1,400. The 
components of R-449A are excluded from the definition of VOC under CAA 
regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the development of SIPs 
to attain and maintain the NAAQS. Knowingly venting or releasing this 
refrigerant blend is limited by the venting prohibition under section 
608(c)(2) of the CAA, codified at 40 CFR 82.154(a)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \17\ Hodnebrog et al., 2013 and Nielsen et al., 2007. Op. cit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Flammability information: R-449A as formulated and in the worst-
case fractionation formulation is not flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to 
this substitute include drowsiness or dizziness. The substitute may 
also irritate the skin or eyes or cause frostbite. At sufficiently high 
concentrations, the substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. The 
substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a 
confined space. These potential health effects are common to many 
refrigerants.
    The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm as an 8-hr TWA for HFC-
32, HFC-125, and HFC-134a; and 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf, the components 
of R-449A. The manufacturer of R-449A recommends an AEL of 830 ppm on 
an 8-hour TWA for the blend. EPA anticipates that users will be able to 
meet each of the AIHA WEELs and the manufacturer's AEL and address 
potential health risks by following requirements and recommendations in 
the SDS, in ASHRAE 15, and other safety precautions common to the 
refrigeration and air conditioning industry.
    Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: R-449A has an 
ODP of zero, comparable \18\ to or lower than the other substitutes 
acceptable in these end-uses.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \18\ This is in contrast to the historically used ODS CFC-12, R-
502A, and HCFC-22 with ODPs ranging from 0.055 to 1.0.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In refrigerated transport, many substitutes listed as acceptable 
have comparable or higher GWPs than R-449's GWP of about 1,400, such as 
HFC-134a, R-404A, and other HFC refrigerant blends, with GWPs ranging 
from 1,430 to approximately 3,990; other substitutes listed as 
acceptable substitutes for refrigerated transport have a lower GWP 
including R-450A, CO2, direct nitrogen expansion, and 
Stirling cycle, with GWPs ranging from zero to about 600.
    For commercial ice machines, many substitutes listed as acceptable 
have comparable or higher GWPs than R-449's GWP of about 1,400, such as 
HFC-134a, R-404A and other HFC blends with GWPs ranging from 
approximately 1,400 to 3,990; other substitutes listed as

[[Page 42058]]

acceptable substitutes for commercial ice machines have a lower GWP 
including ammonia absorption, ammonia vapor compression, Stirling cycle 
and R-450A, with GWPs ranging from zero to about 600.
    R-449A's GWP of about 1,400 is comparable to or lower than a number 
of other substitutes listed as acceptable in retail food 
refrigeration--supermarket systems and remote condensing units, 
including three of the more commonly used substitutes at this time: 
HFC-134a, R-407A, and R-407C, with GWPs ranging from 1,430 to 
approximately 2,110. R-449A's GWP of about 1,400 is higher than the GWP 
of some other acceptable substitutes in retail food refrigeration--
supermarket refrigeration systems and remote condensing units, 
including CO2 with a GWP of one and R-450A with a GWP of 
about 600.
    R-449A's GWP of about 1,400 is comparable to the GWP of substitutes 
listed as acceptable for retail food refrigeration--low-temperature 
stand-alone equipment, including HFC-134a of 1,430 and a number of HFC 
blends with GWPs in the range of 1,100 to 1,500 and is higher than 
those of some other listed substitutes in this end-use, including 
CO2 with a GWP of one and propane, isobutane, and R-441A 
(with GWPs ranging from three to eight).\19\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \19\ Propane (R-290), isobutane (R-600a), and R-441A are 
acceptable, subject to use conditions, in this end-use. These three 
substitutes are subject to a use condition restricting charge sizes 
to 150 g or less and thus may limit their use for equipment that 
requires larger charge sizes.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Flammability risks are low, as discussed above, and are comparable 
to flammability risks of other available substitutes in the same end-
uses. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with the AIHA 
WEELs, ASHRAE 15 and other industry standards, recommendations in the 
SDS, and other safety precautions common in the refrigeration and air 
conditioning industry; moreover, those risks are common to many 
refrigerants, including many of those already listed as acceptable 
under SNAP in these same end-uses.
    EPA finds R-449A acceptable in the end-uses listed above, because 
the overall environmental and human health risk posed by R-449A is 
lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found 
acceptable in the same end-uses.
5. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene Isomers (MPHE)
    EPA's decision: EPA finds methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers 
acceptable as a substitute for use in new and retrofit equipment in 
non-mechanical heat transfer.\20\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \20\ Acceptable substitutes for organic Rankine cycle have 
typically been included through listings in the non-mechanical heat 
transfer end-use. EPA may review organic Rankine cycle applications 
separately in the future.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    MPHE, marketed under the trade name SineraTM, is a HFO. 
It is a mixture of structural and stereo isomers, represented as 
C7F13(OCH3). Trans-5-methoxy-
perfluoro-3-heptene is the most prevalent isomer in the mixture 
(approximately 50 percent), and eight isomeric structures have been 
identified, comprising more than 99% of the material.
    You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``SNAP Information Notice for 
Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE) Received July 2, 2012.'' EPA 
performed an assessment to examine the health and environmental risks 
of this substitute. This assessment is available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-
2003-0118 under the following name, ``Risk Screen on Substitutes in 
Non-mechanical Heat Transfer Substitute: Methoxytridecafluoroheptene 
isomers.''
    Environmental information: MPHE has an ODP of zero. The 100-yr GWP 
of MPHE is 2.5 and it has an atmospheric lifetime of approximately nine 
days. MPHE is regulated as a VOC under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 
51.100(s)) addressing the development of SIPs to attain and maintain 
the NAAQS. Knowingly venting or releasing this refrigerant blend is 
limited by the venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of the CAA, 
codified at 40 CFR 82.154(a)(1).
    Flammability information: MPHE is not flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to 
this substitute include serious eye irritation, skin irritation, and 
respiratory tract irritation. Ingestion of MPHE may also be harmful. 
The substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors 
in a confined space. These potential health effects are common to many 
refrigerants.
    EPA anticipates that MPHE will be used in a manner consistent with 
the recommendations specified in the SDS. The manufacturer recommends 
an AEL of 500 ppm on an 8-hour TWA. EPA anticipates that users will be 
able to meet the AEL and address potential health risks by following 
requirements and recommendations in the SDS and in any other safety 
precautions common to the refrigeration and air conditioning industry.
    Comparison to other substitutes in this end-use: MPHE has an ODP of 
zero, comparable \21\ to or lower than other acceptable substitutes in 
this same end-use. Additionally, MPHE's GWP of 2.5 is lower than or 
comparable to the GWP of other acceptable substitutes in the same end-
use, such as C7 Fluoroketone, HFO-1234ze(E), HFC-245fa, and HFC-125 
(with GWPs ranging from about one to 3,500). Flammability risks are 
low, as discussed above. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use 
consistent with the manufacturer's AEL, recommendations in the SDS, and 
other safety precautions common in the refrigeration and air 
conditioning industry; moreover, those risks are common to many heat 
transfer fluids, including many of those already listed as acceptable 
under SNAP.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \21\ In contrast, the historically used ODS HCFC-123, HCFC-22, 
and CFC-113 have ODPs ranging from 0.01 to 0.8.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    EPA finds MPHE acceptable in the end-use listed above, because the 
overall environmental and human health risk posed by MPHE is lower than 
or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found acceptable 
in the same end-use.

B. Foam Blowing

1. HFO-1336mzz(Z) (Formacel[supreg] 1100)
    EPA's decision: EPA finds HFO-1336mzz(Z) acceptable as a substitute 
for use in rigid polyurethane spray foam (high-pressure, two-part uses 
only).\22\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \22\ Historically, under the SNAP listings, we have not 
subdivided the rigid polyurethane (PU) spray foam end-use. In the 
final rule that we are issuing contemporaneously with this action, 
we have determined that the foam blowing agent choices differ for 
rigid PU high-pressure two-part spray foam, rigid PU low-pressure 
two-part spray foam, and rigid PU one-component foam sealants. 
Therefore, in this action we are evaluating high-pressure two-part 
spray foam as a separate end-use from rigid PU low-pressure two-part 
spray foam and rigid PU one-component foam sealants.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    HFO-1336mzz(Z) is also known as (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene 
and cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene (CAS Reg. No. 692-49-9), and 
goes by the trade names of FEA-1100 and Formacel[supreg] 1100.
    You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``SNAP Information Notice for 
FEA-1100 as a Foam Blowing Agent Received 8/3/11.'' EPA performed an 
assessment to examine the health and environmental risks of this 
substitute. This assessment is available in docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 
under the name, ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Spray Foam Substitute: 
HFO-1336mzz(Z) (Formacel[supreg] 1100).''
    We have previously listed HFO-1336mzz(Z) as a foam blowing agent in

[[Page 42059]]

a number of other foam blowing end-uses (October 21, 2014, 79 FR 
62,863).
    Environmental information: HFO-1336mzz(Z) has an ODP of zero. It 
has a 100-yr GWP of about nine.\23\ HFO-1336mzz(Z) is a VOC. The 
manufacturer has petitioned EPA to exempt HFO-1336mzz(Z) from the 
definition of VOC under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)), which 
addresses the development of SIPs to attain and maintain the NAAQS, 
based on its claim that the chemical exhibits low photochemical 
reactivity.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \23\ Baasandorj, M., Ravishankara, A.R., Burkholder, J.B., 
Atmospheric Chemistry of (Z)-CF3CH[boxH]CHCF3: OH Radical Reaction 
Rate Coefficient and Global Warming Potential, Journal of Physical 
Chemistry A, 2011, 115, 10,539-10,549, 2011.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Flammability information: HFO-1336mzz(Z) is not flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of this 
substitute include skin or eye irritation or frostbite. At sufficiently 
high concentrations, the substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. The 
substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a 
confined space. These potential health effects are common to many foam 
blowing agents. Additionally, as described in the Premanufacture Notice 
(PMN), exposure to consumers is expected to be minimal since HFO-
1336mzz(Z) is not domestically manufactured or used by consumers. EPA 
issued a Significant New Use Rule (SNUR) on June 5, 2015, to require 
persons to submit a Significant New Use Notice (SNUN) to EPA at least 
90 days before they manufacture or process HFO-1336mzz(Z) for consumer 
use (80 FR 32,003, 32,005).
    EPA anticipates that HFO-1336mzz(Z) will be used consistent with 
the recommendations specified in the SDS. The WEEL committee of the 
Occupational Alliance for Risk Science (OARS) recommends a WEEL for the 
workplace of 500 ppm on an 8-hour TWA.\24\ EPA anticipates that users 
will be able to meet the WEEL and address potential health risks by 
following requirements and recommendations in the SDS and other safety 
precautions common to the foam blowing industry.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \24\ The documentation may be viewed at www.tera.org/OARS/HFO-1336mzz-Z%20WEEL%20FINAL.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Comparison to other foam blowing agents: HFO-1336mzz(Z) has an ODP 
of zero, comparable \25\ to or lower than other acceptable non-ozone-
depleting substitutes for the rigid PU high-pressure, two-part spray 
foam end-use. HFO-1336mzz(Z)'s GWP of about nine is lower than or 
comparable to other acceptable substitutes in this end-use, such as 
HFC-245fa with a GWP of 1,070; commercial blends of HFC-365mfc and HFC-
227ea containing 7% to 13% HFC-227ea and the remainder HFC-365mfc, with 
GWPs ranging from about 900 to 1,100; trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-
trifluoroprop-1-ene and water, with GWPs of one to seven 
26 27 28 and zero, respectively. Flammability risks are low, 
as discussed above. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent 
with the OARS WEEL, recommendations in the SDS, and other safety 
precautions common in the foam blowing industry; moreover, those risks 
are common to many foam blowing agents, including many of those already 
listed as acceptable under SNAP for this end-use.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \25\ In contrast, the historically used ODS CFC-11 and HCFC-141b 
have ODPs ranging from 0.1 to 1.0.
    \26\ Wang D., Olsen S., and Wuebbles D. Preliminary Report: 
Analyses of tCFP's Potential Impact on Atmospheric Ozone. Department 
of Atmospheric Sciences. University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. 
September 26, 2011; Hodnebrog et al., 2013. Op. cit.
    \27\ Sulbaek Andersen, M.P., Nilsson, E.J.K., Nielsen, O.J., 
Johnson, M.S., Hurley, M.D., and Wallington, T.J. Atmospheric 
chemistry of trans-CF3CH=CHCl: Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions 
with Cl atoms, OH radicals, and O3'', Journal of 
Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 199, 92-97, 2008.
    \28\ Wang D., Olsen S., and Wuebbles D. Three-Dimensional Model 
Evaluation of the Global Warming Potentials for tCFP. Department of 
Atmospheric Sciences. University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. Draft 
report, undated.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    EPA finds HFO-1336mzz(Z) acceptable in the end-use listed above, 
because the overall environmental and human health risk posed by HFO-
1336mzz(Z) is lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other 
substitutes found acceptable in the same end-use.

C. Solvent Cleaning

1. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE)
    EPA's decision: EPA finds methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers 
acceptable as a substitute for use in:

 Electronics cleaning
 Metals cleaning
 Precision cleaning

    MPHE, marketed under the trade name SionTM, is an HFO. 
It is a mixture of structural and stereo isomers, represented as 
C7F13(OCH3). Trans-5-methoxy-
perfluoro-3-heptene is the most prevalent isomer in the mixture 
(approximately 50 percent), and eight isomeric structures have been 
identified, comprising more than 99% of the material.
    You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``SNAP Information Notice for 
Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE) Received July 2, 2012.'' EPA 
performed an assessment to examine the health and environmental risks 
of this substitute. This assessment is available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-
2003-0118 under the name, ``Risk Screen on Substitutes in Metals 
Cleaning, Electronics Cleaning, and Precision Cleaning Substitute: 
Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers.''
    Environmental information: The environmental information for this 
substitute is set forth in the ``Environmental information'' section in 
listing A.5.
    Flammability information: MPHE is not flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: The toxicity information for this 
substitute is set forth in the ``Toxicity and exposure data'' section 
in listing I.A.5. EPA anticipates that users will be able to meet the 
manufacturer's AEL of 500 ppm on an 8-hr TWA and address potential 
health risks by following requirements and recommendations in the SDS 
and in any other safety precautions common to the solvent cleaning 
industry.
    Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: MPHE has an ODP 
of zero, comparable \29\ to or lower than the ODP of other substitutes 
in these three end-uses. MPHE's GWP of 2.5 is lower than or comparable 
to those of other acceptable substitutes in these three end-uses, such 
as acetone, trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene, trans-1,2-
dichloroethylene, HFE-7100, and HFC-4310meewith GWPs of 0.5, one to 
seven,\30\ less than ten, 297, and 1,640, respectively. Flammability 
risks are low, as discussed above. Toxicity risks can be minimized by 
use consistent with the manufacturer's AEL, recommendations in the SDS, 
and other safety precautions common in the solvent cleaning industry; 
moreover, those risks are common to many solvents, including many of 
those already listed as acceptable under SNAP for these same end-uses.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \29\ In contrast, the historically used ODS CFC-113, methyl 
chloroform, HCFC-225ca, and HCFC-225cb have ODPs ranging from 0.02 
to 0.8.
    \30\ Wang et al., 2011; Sulbaek Andersen et al., 2008; and Wang 
et al., undated; Hodnebrog et al., 2013. Op cit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    EPA finds MPHE acceptable in the end-uses listed above, because the 
overall environmental and human health risk posed by MPHE is lower than 
or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found acceptable 
in the same end-uses.

[[Page 42060]]

D. Aerosols

1. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE)
    EPA's decision: EPA finds methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers 
acceptable as a substitute for use as an aerosol solvent.
    MPHE is a HFO. It is a mixture of structural and stereo isomers, 
represented as C7F13(OCH3). Trans-5-
methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene is the most prevalent isomer in the mixture 
(approximately 50 percent), and eight isomeric structures have been 
identified, comprising more than 99% of the material.
    You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``SNAP Information Notice for 
Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE) Received July 2, 2012.'' EPA 
performed an assessment to examine the health and environmental risks 
of this substitute. This assessment is available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-
2003-0118 under the name, ``Risk Screen on Substitutes in Aerosol 
Solvents Substitute: Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers.''
    Environmental information: The environmental information for this 
substitute is set forth in the ``Environmental information'' section in 
listing I.A.5.
    Flammability information: MPHE is not flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: The toxicity information for this 
substitute is set forth in the ``Toxicity and exposure data'' section 
in listing I.A.5.
    EPA anticipates that users will be able to meet the manufacturer's 
AEL of 500 ppm on an 8-hour TWA and address potential health risks by 
following requirements and recommendations in the SDS and in any other 
safety precautions common to the aerosol solvent industry.
    Comparison to other substitutes in this end-use: MPHE has an ODP of 
zero, comparable \31\ to or lower than other acceptable substitutes in 
this end-use. MPHE's GWP of 2.5 is lower than or comparable to the GWP 
of other acceptable substitutes in the same end-use, such as acetone, 
trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, 
HFE-7100, and HFC-4310mee with GWPs of 0.5, one to seven,\32\ less than 
ten, 297, and 1,640, respectively. Flammability risks are low, as 
discussed above. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with 
the manufacturer's AEL, recommendations in the SDS, and other safety 
precautions common in the aerosol solvent industry; moreover, those 
risks are common to many aerosol solvents, including many of those 
already listed as acceptable under SNAP.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \31\ In contrast, the historically used ODS methyl chloroform, 
CFC-113, HCFC-141b, HCFC-225ca and HCFC-225cb have ODPs ranging from 
0.02 to 0.8.
    \32\ Wang et al., 2011; Sulbaek Andersen et al., 2008; and Wang 
et al., undated; Hodnebrog et al., 2013. Op cit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    EPA finds MPHE acceptable in the end-uses listed above, because the 
overall environmental and human health risk posed by MPHE is lower than 
or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found acceptable 
in the same end-uses.

E. Adhesives, Coatings and Inks

1. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE)
    EPA's decision: EPA finds methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers 
acceptable as a substitute for use as a carrier solvent in:

 Adhesives
 Coatings

    MPHE, marketed under the trade name SuprionTM, is an 
HFO. It is a mixture of structural and stereo isomers, represented as 
C7F13(OCH3). Trans-5-methoxy-
perfluoro-3-heptene is the most prevalent isomer in the mixture 
(approximately 50 percent), and eight isomeric structures have been 
identified, comprising more than 99% of the material.
    You may find the redacted submission in Docket item EPA-HQ-OAR-
2003-0118 at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``SNAP Information 
Notice for Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE) Received July 2, 
2012.'' EPA performed an assessment to examine the health and 
environmental risks of this substitute. This assessment is available in 
docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the name, ``Risk Screen on 
Substitutes in Adhesives and Coatings Substitute: 
Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers.''
    Environmental information: The environmental information for this 
substitute is set forth in the ``Environmental information'' section in 
listing I.A.5.
    Flammability information: MPHE is not flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: The toxicity information for this 
substitute is set forth in the ``Toxicity and exposure data'' section 
in listing I.A.5. EPA anticipates that users will be able to meet the 
manufacturer's AEL of 500 ppm on an 8-hour TWA and address potential 
health risks by following requirements and recommendations in the SDS 
and in any other safety precautions common to the adhesives and 
coatings industries.
    Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: MPHE has an ODP 
of zero, comparable \33\ to or lower than other acceptable substitutes 
in these two end-uses. MPHE's GWP of 2.5 is lower than or comparable to 
those of other acceptable substitutes in the same end-use, such as 
acetone, trans-1-chloroprop-1-ene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and HFE-
7100 with GWPs of 0.5, one to seven,\34\ less than ten, and 297, 
respectively. Flammability risks are low, as discussed above. Toxicity 
risks can be minimized by use consistent with the manufacturer's AEL, 
recommendations in the SDS, and other safety precautions common in the 
adhesives and coatings industries; moreover, those risks are common to 
many carrier solvents for adhesives and coatings, including many of 
those already listed as acceptable under SNAP.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \33\ In contrast, the historically used ODS methyl chloroform 
and HCFC-141b have ODPs respectively of 0.1 and 0.11.
    \34\ Wang et al., 2011; Sulbaek Andersen et al., 2008; and Wang 
et al., undated; Hodnebrog et al., 2013. Op cit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    EPA finds MPHE acceptable in the end-uses listed above, because the 
overall environmental and human health risk posed by MPHE is lower than 
or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found acceptable 
in the same end-uses.

II. Section 612 Program

A. Statutory Requirements and Authority for the SNAP Program

    Section 612 of the CAA requires EPA to develop a program for 
evaluating alternatives to ozone-depleting substances. EPA refers to 
this program as the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program. 
The major provisions of section 612 are:
1. Rulemaking
    Section 612(c) requires EPA to promulgate rules making it unlawful 
to replace any class I substance (CFC, halon, carbon tetrachloride, 
methyl chloroform, methyl bromide, hydrobromofluorocarbon, and 
chlorobromomethane) or class II substance (HCFC) with any substitute 
that the Administrator determines may present adverse effects to human 
health or the environment where the Administrator has identified an 
alternative that (1) reduces the overall risk to human health and the 
environment, and (2) is currently or potentially available.

[[Page 42061]]

2. Listing of Unacceptable/Acceptable Substitutes
    Section 612(c) requires EPA to publish a list of the substitutes 
unacceptable for specific uses and to publish a corresponding list of 
acceptable alternatives for specific uses. The list of ``acceptable'' 
substitutes is found at www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/lists and the lists of 
``unacceptable,'' ``acceptable subject to use conditions,'' and 
``acceptable subject to narrowed use limits'' substitutes are found in 
the appendices to 40 CFR part 82 subpart G.
3. Petition Process
    Section 612(d) grants the right to any person to petition EPA to 
add a substance to, or delete a substance from, the lists published in 
accordance with section 612(c). The Agency has 90 days to grant or deny 
a petition. Where the Agency grants the petition, EPA must publish the 
revised lists within an additional six months.
4. 90-day Notification
    Section 612(e) directs EPA to require any person who produces a 
chemical substitute for a class I substance to notify the Agency not 
less than 90 days before new or existing chemicals are introduced into 
interstate commerce for significant new uses as substitutes for a class 
I substance. The producer must also provide the Agency with the 
producer's unpublished health and safety studies on such substitutes.
5. Outreach
    Section 612(b)(1) states that the Administrator shall seek to 
maximize the use of federal research facilities and resources to assist 
users of class I and II substances in identifying and developing 
alternatives to the use of such substances in key commercial 
applications.
6. Clearinghouse
    Section 612(b)(4) requires the Agency to set up a public 
clearinghouse of alternative chemicals, product substitutes, and 
alternative manufacturing processes that are available for products and 
manufacturing processes which use class I and II substances.

B. EPA's Regulations Implementing Section 612

    On March 18, 1994, EPA published the initial SNAP rule (59 FR 
13,044) which established the process for administering the SNAP 
program and issued EPA's first lists identifying acceptable and 
unacceptable substitutes in the major industrial use sectors (subpart G 
of 40 CFR part 82). These sectors are the following: refrigeration and 
air conditioning; foam blowing; solvents cleaning; fire suppression and 
explosion protection; sterilants; aerosols; adhesives, coatings and 
inks; and tobacco expansion. These sectors comprise the principal 
industrial sectors that historically consumed the largest volumes of 
ODS.
    Section 612 of the CAA requires EPA to list as acceptable those 
substitutes that do not present a significantly greater risk to human 
health and the environment as compared with other substitutes that are 
currently or potentially available.

C. How the Regulations for the SNAP Program Work

    Under the SNAP regulations, anyone who plans to market or produce a 
substitute to replace a class I substance or class II substance in one 
of the eight major industrial use sectors must provide the Agency with 
notice and the required health and safety information on the substitute 
at least 90 days before introducing it into interstate commerce for 
significant new use as an alternative (40 CFR 82.176(a)). While this 
requirement typically applies to chemical manufacturers as the entity 
likely to be planning to introduce the substitute into interstate 
commerce,\35\ it may also apply to importers, formulators, equipment 
manufacturers, and end-users \36\ when they are responsible for 
introducing a substitute into commerce. The 90-day SNAP review process 
begins once EPA receives the submission and determines that the 
submission includes complete and adequate data (40 CFR 82.180(a)). The 
CAA and the SNAP regulations, 40 CFR 82.174(a), prohibit use of a 
substitute earlier than 90 days after notice has been provided to the 
agency.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \35\ As defined at 40 CFR 82.104, ``interstate commerce'' means 
the distribution or transportation of any product between one state, 
territory, possession or the District of Columbia, and another 
state, territory, possession or the District of Columbia, or the 
sale, use or manufacture of any product in more than one state, 
territory, possession or District of Columbia. The entry points for 
which a product is introduced into interstate commerce are the 
release of a product from the facility in which the product was 
manufactured, the entry into a warehouse from which the domestic 
manufacturer releases the product for sale or distribution, and at 
the site of United States Customs clearance.
    \36\ As defined at 40 CFR 82.172, ``end-use'' means processes or 
classes of specific applications within major industrial sectors 
where a substitute is used to replace an ODS.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Agency has identified four possible decision categories for 
substitute submissions: Acceptable; acceptable subject to use 
conditions; acceptable subject to narrowed use limits; and unacceptable 
(40 CFR 82.180(b)).\37\ Use conditions and narrowed use limits are both 
considered ``use restrictions'' and are explained below. Substitutes 
that are deemed acceptable without use conditions may be used for all 
applications within the relevant end-uses within the sector and without 
limits under SNAP on how they may be used. Substitutes that are 
acceptable subject to use restrictions may be used only in accordance 
with those restrictions. Substitutes that are found to be unacceptable 
may not be used after the date specified in the rulemaking adding such 
substitute to the list of unacceptable substitutes.\38\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \37\ The SNAP regulations also include ``pending,'' referring to 
submissions for which EPA has not reached a determination, under 
this provision.
    \38\ As defined at 40 CFR 82.172, ``use'' means any use of a 
substitute for a Class I or Class II ozone-depleting compound, 
including but not limited to use in a manufacturing process or 
product, in consumption by the end-user, or in intermediate uses, 
such as formulation or packaging for other subsequent uses. This 
definition of use encompasses manufacturing process of products both 
for domestic use and for export. Substitutes manufactured within the 
United States exclusively for export are subject to SNAP 
requirements since the definition of use in the rule includes use in 
the manufacturing process, which occurs within the United States.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    After reviewing a substitute, the Agency may make a determination 
that a substitute is acceptable only if certain conditions in the way 
that the substitute is used are met to minimize risks to human health 
and the environment. EPA describes such substitutes as ``acceptable 
subject to use conditions.'' Entities that use these substitutes 
without meeting the associated use conditions are in violation of EPA's 
SNAP regulations (40 CFR 82.174(c)).
    For some substitutes, the Agency may permit a narrowed range of use 
within an end-use or sector. For example, the Agency may limit the use 
of a substitute to certain end-uses or specific applications within an 
industry sector. The Agency requires a user of a narrowed use 
substitute to demonstrate that no other acceptable substitutes are 
available for their specific application. EPA describes these 
substitutes as ``acceptable subject to narrowed use limits.'' A person 
using a substitute that is acceptable subject to narrowed use limits in 
applications and end-uses that are not consistent with the narrowed use 
limit is using the substitute in violation of section 612 of the CAA 
and EPA's SNAP regulations (40 CFR 82.174(c)).
    The section 612 mandate for EPA to prohibit the use of a substitute 
that may present risk to human health or the environment where a lower 
risk alternative is available or potentially

[[Page 42062]]

available \39\ provides EPA with the authority to change the listing 
status of a particular substitute if such a change is justified by new 
information or changed circumstance.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \39\ In addition to acceptable commercially available 
substitutes, the SNAP program may consider potentially available 
substitutes. The SNAP program's definition of ``potentially 
available '' is ``any alternative for which adequate health, safety, 
and environmental data, as required for the SNAP notification 
process, exist to make a determination of acceptability, and which 
the agency reasonably believes to be technically feasible, even if 
not all testing has yet been completed and the alternative is not 
yet produced or sold.'' (40 CFR 82.172)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As described in this document and elsewhere, including the initial 
SNAP rule published in the Federal Register at 59 FR 13,044 on March 
18, 1994, the SNAP program evaluates substitutes within a comparative 
risk framework. The SNAP program compares new substitutes both to the 
ozone-depleting substances being phased out under the Montreal Protocol 
on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and the CAA, and to other 
available or potentially available alternatives for the same end-uses. 
The environmental and health risk factors that the SNAP program 
considers include ozone depletion potential, flammability, toxicity, 
occupational and consumer health and safety, as well as contributions 
to global warming and other environmental factors. Environmental and 
human health exposures can vary significantly depending on the 
particular application of a substitute--and over time, information 
applicable to a substitute can change. This approach does not imply 
fundamental tradeoffs with respect to different types of risk, either 
to the environment or to human health. Over the past twenty years, the 
menu of substitutes has become much broader and a great deal of new 
information has been developed on many substitutes. Because the overall 
goal of the SNAP program is to ensure that substitutes listed as 
acceptable do not pose significantly greater risk to human health and 
the environment than other available substitutes, the SNAP criteria 
should be informed by our current overall understanding of 
environmental and human health impacts and our experience with and 
current knowledge about available and potentially available 
substitutes. Over time, the range of substitutes reviewed by SNAP has 
changed, and, at the same time, scientific approaches have evolved to 
more accurately assess the potential environmental and human health 
impacts of these chemicals and alternative technologies. The Agency 
publishes its SNAP program decisions in the Federal Register. EPA uses 
notice-and-comment rulemaking to place any alternative on the list of 
prohibited substitutes, to list a substitute as acceptable only subject 
to use conditions or narrowed use limits, or to remove a substitute 
from either the list of prohibited or acceptable substitutes.
    In contrast, EPA publishes ``notices of acceptability'' or 
``determinations of acceptability,'' to notify the public of 
substitutes that are deemed acceptable with no restrictions. As 
described in the preamble to the rule initially implementing the SNAP 
program (59 FR 13,044; March 18, 1994), EPA does not believe that 
rulemaking procedures are necessary to list alternatives that are 
acceptable without restrictions because such listings neither impose 
any sanction nor prevent anyone from using a substitute.
    Many SNAP listings include ``comments'' or ``further information'' 
to provide additional information on substitutes. Since this additional 
information is not part of the regulatory decision, these statements 
are not binding for use of the substitute under the SNAP program. 
However, regulatory requirements so listed are binding under other 
regulatory programs (e.g., worker protection regulations promulgated by 
OSHA). The ``further information'' classification does not necessarily 
include all other legal obligations pertaining to the use of the 
substitute. While the items listed are not legally binding under the 
SNAP program, EPA encourages users of substitutes to apply all 
statements in the ``further information'' column in their use of these 
substitutes. In many instances, the information simply refers to sound 
operating practices that have already been identified in existing 
industry and/or building codes or standards. Thus many of the 
statements, if adopted, would not require the affected user to make 
significant changes in existing operating practices.

D. Additional Information About the SNAP Program

    For copies of the comprehensive SNAP lists of substitutes or 
additional information on SNAP, refer to EPA's Ozone Depletion Web site 
at: www.epa.gov/ozone/snap. For more information on the agency's 
process for administering the SNAP program or criteria for evaluation 
of substitutes, refer to the SNAP final rulemaking published March 18, 
1994 (59 FR 13,044), codified at 40 CFR part 82, subpart G. A complete 
chronology of SNAP decisions and the appropriate citations are found 
at: www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/chron.html.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 82

    Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, 
Air pollution control, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

    Dated: July 2, 2015.
Sarah Dunham,
Director, Office of Atmospheric Programs.

Appendix A: Summary of Decisions for New Acceptable Substitutes

                                       Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             End-Use                    Substitute             Decision             Further information \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vending machines (new equipment).  R-450A                Acceptable.........  R-450A has a 100-year global
                                    (Solstice[supreg] N-                       warming potential (GWP) of
                                    13).                                       approximately 600. This
                                                                               substitute is a blend of HFC-
                                                                               134a, which is also known as
                                                                               1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
                                                                               Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
                                                                               1234ze(E), which is also known as
                                                                               trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-
                                                                               ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118-24-9).
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The American Industrial Hygiene
                                                                               Association (AIHA) has
                                                                               established workplace
                                                                               environmental exposure limits
                                                                               (WEELs) of 1,000 ppm and 800 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr time weighted average
                                                                               (TWA)) for HFC-134a and HFO-
                                                                               1234ze(E), respectively. The
                                                                               manufacturer recommends an
                                                                               acceptable exposure limit (AEL)
                                                                               for the workplace for R-450A of
                                                                               880 ppm (8-hr TWA).
                                                                              EPA previously listed this
                                                                               refrigerant as acceptable for use
                                                                               in retrofit vending machine
                                                                               equipment.

[[Page 42063]]

 
Commercial ice machines (new and   R-448A                Acceptable.........  R-448A has a 100-yr GWP of
 retrofit equipment).               (Solstice[supreg] N-                       approximately 1,390. This
                                    40).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-32,
                                                                               which is also known as
                                                                               difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-
                                                                               10-5); HFC-125, which is also
                                                                               known as 1,1,1,2,2-
                                                                               pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                               354-33-6); HFC-134a, which is
                                                                               also known as 1,1,1,2-
                                                                               tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                               811-97-2); HFO-1234yf, which is
                                                                               also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-
                                                                               prop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-
                                                                               1); and HFO-1234ze(E), which is
                                                                               also known as trans-1,3,3,3-
                                                                               tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg.
                                                                               No. 29118-24-9).
                                                                              The blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32,
                                                                               HFC-125, and HFC-134a; 500 ppm
                                                                               for HFO-1234yf; and 800 ppm for
                                                                               HFO-1234ze(E). The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-448A of 890 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).
Refrigerated transport (new and    R-448A                Acceptable.........  R-448A has a 100-yr GWP of
 retrofit equipment).               (Solstice[supreg] N-                       approximately 1,390. This
                                    40).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-32,
                                                                               which is also known as
                                                                               difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-
                                                                               10-5); HFC-125, which is also
                                                                               known as 1,1,1,2,2-
                                                                               pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                               354-33-6); HFC-134a, which is
                                                                               also known as 1,1,1,2-
                                                                               tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                               811-97-2), HFO-1234yf, which is
                                                                               also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-
                                                                               prop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-
                                                                               1); and HFO-1234ze(E), which is
                                                                               also known as trans-1,3,3,3-
                                                                               tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg.
                                                                               No. 29118-24-9).
                                                                              The blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32,
                                                                               HFC-125, and HFC-134a; 500 ppm
                                                                               for HFO-1234yf; and 800 ppm for
                                                                               HFO-1234ze(E). The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-448A of 890 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).
Retail food refrigeration (new     R-448A                Acceptable.........  R-448A has a 100-yr GWP of
 and retrofit supermarket systems   (Solstice[supreg] N-                       approximately 1,387. This
 and remote condensing units, and   40).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-32,
 new and retrofit low-temperature                                              which is also known as
 3 stand-alone equipment only).                                                difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-
                                                                               10-5); HFC-125, which is also
                                                                               known as 1,1,1,2,2-
                                                                               pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                               354-33-6); HFC-134a, which is
                                                                               also known as 1,1,1,2-
                                                                               tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                               811-97-2); HFO-1234yf, which is
                                                                               also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-
                                                                               prop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-
                                                                               1); and HFO-1234ze(E), which is
                                                                               also known as trans-1,3,3,3-
                                                                               tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg.
                                                                               No. 29118-24-9).
                                                                              The blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32,
                                                                               HFC-125, and HFC-134a; 500 ppm
                                                                               for HFO-1234yf; and 800 ppm for
                                                                               HFO-1234ze(E). The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-448A of 890 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).
Centrifugal chillers (new and      R-513A                Acceptable.........  R-513A has a 100-year global
 retrofit equipment).               (Opteon[supreg] XP                         warming potential (GWP) of
                                    10).                                       approximately 630. This
                                                                               substitute is a blend of HFC-
                                                                               134a, which is also known as
                                                                               1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
                                                                               Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
                                                                               1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                               2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
                                                                               (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                               for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                               respectively. The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).
Cold storage warehouses (new and   R-513A                Acceptable.........  R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
 retrofit equipment).               (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 630. This
                                    10).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-
                                                                               134a, which is also known as
                                                                               1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
                                                                               Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
                                                                               1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                               2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
                                                                               (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                               for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                               respectively. The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).
Commercial ice machines (new and   R-513A                Acceptable.........  R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
 retrofit equipment).               (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 630. This
                                    10).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-
                                                                               134a, which is also known as
                                                                               1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
                                                                               Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
                                                                               1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                               2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
                                                                               (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                               for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                               respectively. The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).

[[Page 42064]]

 
Household refrigerators and        R-513A                Acceptable.........  R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
 freezers (new and retrofit         (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 630. This
 equipment).                        10).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-
                                                                               134a, which is also known as
                                                                               1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
                                                                               Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
                                                                               1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                               2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
                                                                               (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                               for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                               respectively. The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).
Industrial process air             R-513A                Acceptable.........  R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
 conditioning (new and retrofit     (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 630. This
 equipment).                        10).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-
                                                                               134a, which is also known as
                                                                               1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
                                                                               Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
                                                                               1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                               2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
                                                                               (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                               for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                               respectively. The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).
Industrial process refrigeration   R-513A                Acceptable.........  R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
 (new and retrofit equipment).      (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 630. This
                                    10).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-
                                                                               134a, which is also known as
                                                                               1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
                                                                               Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
                                                                               1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                               2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
                                                                               (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                               for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                               respectively. The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).
Reciprocating, screw and scroll    R-513A                Acceptable.........  R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
 chillers (new and retrofit         (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 630. This
 equipment).                        10).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-
                                                                               134a, which is also known as
                                                                               1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
                                                                               Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
                                                                               1234yf which is also known as
                                                                               2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
                                                                               (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                               for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                               respectively. The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).
Refrigerated transport (new and    R-513A                Acceptable.........  R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
 retrofit equipment).               (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 630. This
                                    10).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-
                                                                               134a, which is also known as
                                                                               1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
                                                                               Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
                                                                               1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                               2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
                                                                               (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                               for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                               respectively. The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).
Retail food refrigeration (new     R-513A                Acceptable.........  R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
 and retrofit supermarket systems   (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 630. This
 and remote condensing units, and   10).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-
 new and retrofit low-temperature                                              134a, which is also known as
 2 and medium-temperature 3 stand-                                             1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
 alone equipment)..                                                            Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
                                                                               1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                               2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
                                                                               (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                               for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                               respectively. The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).
Vending machines (new and          R-513A                Acceptable.........  R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
 retrofit equipment).               (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 630. This
                                    10).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-
                                                                               134a, which is also known as
                                                                               1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
                                                                               Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
                                                                               1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                               2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
                                                                               (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                               for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                               respectively. The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).
Water coolers (new and retrofit    R-513A                Acceptable.........  R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
 equipment).                        (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 630. This
                                    10).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-
                                                                               134a, which is also known as
                                                                               1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
                                                                               Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
                                                                               1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                               2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
                                                                               (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                               for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                               respectively. The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).

[[Page 42065]]

 
Commercial ice machines (new and   R-449A                Acceptable.........  R-449A has a 100-year GWP of
 retrofit equipment).               (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 1,400. This
                                    40).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-32,
                                                                               which is also known as
                                                                               difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-
                                                                               10-5); HFC-125, which is also
                                                                               known as 1,1,1,2,2-
                                                                               pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                               354-33-6); HFC-134a, which is
                                                                               also known as 1,1,1,2-
                                                                               tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                               811-97-2); and HFO-1234yf, which
                                                                               is also known as 2,3,3,3-
                                                                               tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg.
                                                                               No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              The blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32,
                                                                               HFC-125, and HFC-134a; and 500
                                                                               ppm for HFO-1234yf. The
                                                                               manufacturer recommends an AEL
                                                                               for the workplace for R-449A of
                                                                               830 ppm (8-hr TWA).
Refrigerated transport (new and    R-449A                Acceptable.........  R-449A has a 100-year GWP of
 retrofit equipment).               (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 1,400. This
                                    40).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-32,
                                                                               which is also known as
                                                                               difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-
                                                                               10-5); HFC-125, which is also
                                                                               known as 1,1,1,2,2-
                                                                               pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                               354-33-6); HFC-134a, which is
                                                                               also known as 1,1,1,2-
                                                                               tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                               811-97-2); and HFO-1234yf, which
                                                                               is also known as 2,3,3,3-
                                                                               tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg.
                                                                               No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              The blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32,
                                                                               HFC-125, and HFC-134a; and 500
                                                                               ppm for HFO-1234yf. The
                                                                               manufacturer recommends an AEL
                                                                               for the workplace for R-449A of
                                                                               830 ppm (8-hr TWA).
Retail food refrigeration (new     R-449A                Acceptable.........  R-449A has a 100-year GWP of
 and retrofit supermarket systems   (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 1,400. This
 remote condensing units, and new   40).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-32,
 and retrofit low-temperature 2                                                which is also known as
 stand-alone equipment only).                                                  difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-
                                                                               10-5); HFC-125, which is also
                                                                               known as 1,1,1,2,2-
                                                                               pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                               354-33-6); HFC-134a, which is
                                                                               also known as 1,1,1,2-
                                                                               tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                               811-97-2); and HFO-1234yf, which
                                                                               is also known as 2,3,3,3-
                                                                               tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg.
                                                                               No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              The blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32,
                                                                               HFC-125, and HFC-134a; and 500
                                                                               ppm for HFO-1234yf. The
                                                                               manufacturer recommends an AEL
                                                                               for the workplace for R-449A of
                                                                               830 ppm (8-hr TWA).
Non-mechanical heat transfer (new  Methoxytridecafluoro  Acceptable.........  MPHE has a 100-year GWP of
 and retrofit equipment).           heptene isomers                            approximately 2.5. MPHE is a
                                    (MPHE; SineraTM).                          mixture of structural and stereo
                                                                               isomers, which includes trans-5-
                                                                               methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene and
                                                                               eight isomeric structures.
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The manufacturer recommends an AEL
                                                                               of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for MPHE.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Observe recommendations in the manufacturer's SDS and guidance for all listed refrigerants.
\2\ ``Low-temperature'' refers to equipment that maintains food or beverages at temperatures at or below
  32[emsp14][deg]F (0 [deg]C). See appendix U to 40 CFR part 82, subpart G.
\3\ ``Medium-temperature'' refers to equipment that maintains food or beverages at temperatures above
  32[emsp14][deg]F (0 [deg]C). See appendix U to 40 CFR part 82, subpart G.


                                                  Foam Blowing
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             End-use                    Substitute             Decision             Further information \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rigid polyurethane spray foam      HFO-1336mzz(Z) ((Z)-  Acceptable.........  HFO-1336mzz(Z) (CAS Reg. No. 692-
 (high-pressure, two-part uses      1,1,1,4,4,4-                               49-9) has no ozone depletion
 only)..                            hexafluorobut-2-                           potential (ODP) and a 100-year
                                    ene; cis-                                  GWP of roughly nine.
                                    1,1,1,4,4,4,-                             This compound is nonflammable.
                                    hexafluorobut-2-                          The WEEL committee of the
                                    ene; FEA-1100;                             Occupational Alliance for Risk
                                    Formacel[supreg]                           Science recommends a WEEL for the
                                    1100).                                     workplace of 500 ppm on an 8-hour
                                                                               TWA for HFO-1336mzz(Z).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                Solvent Cleaning
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Electronics cleaning, metals       Methoxytridecafluoro  Acceptable.........  MPHE has a 100-year GWP of
 cleaning, precision cleaning.      heptene isomers                            approximately 2.5. MPHE is a
                                    (MPHE; SionTM).                            mixture of structural and stereo
                                                                               isomers, which includes trans-5-
                                                                               methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene and
                                                                               eight isomeric structures.
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The manufacturer recommends an AEL
                                                                               of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for MPHE.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 42066]]

 
                                                    Aerosols
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Solvent..........................  Methoxytridecafluoro  Acceptable.........  MPHE has a 100-year GWP of
                                    heptene isomers                            approximately 2.5. MPHE is a
                                    (MPHE).                                    mixture of structural and stereo
                                                                               isomers, which includes trans-5-
                                                                               methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene and
                                                                               eight isomeric structures.
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The manufacturer recommends an AEL
                                                                               of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for MPHE.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          Adhesives, Coatings, and Inks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adhesives, coatings..............  Methoxytridecafluoro  Acceptable.........  MPHE has a 100-year GWP of
                                    heptene isomers                            approximately 2.5. MPHE is a
                                    (MPHE; SuprionTM).                         mixture of structural and stereo
                                                                               isomers, which includes trans-5-
                                                                               methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene and
                                                                               eight isomeric structures.
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The manufacturer recommends an AEL
                                                                               of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for MPHE.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Observe recommendations in the manufacturer's SDS and guidance for the listed substitute.


[FR Doc. 2015-17469 Filed 7-15-15; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P



                                                                    Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations                                                                        42053

                                                                                                PENNSYLVANIA—1997 ANNUAL PM2.5 NAAQS—Continued
                                                                                                                                 [Primary and secondary]

                                                                                                                                                                                    Designation                 Classification
                                                                                             Designated area
                                                                                                                                                                           Date 1                 Type      Date 2               Type

                                                         *                             *                            *                             *                          *                       *                       *
                                                1 This date is 90 days after January 5, 2005, unless otherwise noted.
                                                2 This date is July 2, 2014, unless otherwise noted.




                                            *       *        *        *        *

                                                                                                          PENNSYLVANIA—2006 24-HOUR PM2.5 NAAQS
                                                                                                                                 [Primary and secondary]

                                                                                                                                                                                    Designation                 Classification
                                                                                             Designated area
                                                                                                                                                                           Date 1                 Type      Date 2               Type


                                                     *                      *                                 *                                 *                            *                       *                       *
                                            Lancaster, PA:
                                                Lancaster County ...................................................................................................   July 16, 2015 ..   Attainment      ................

                                                         *                             *                            *                             *                          *                       *                       *
                                                1 This   date is 30 days after November 13, 2009, unless otherwise noted.
                                                2 This   date is July 2, 2014, unless otherwise noted.


                                            *       *        *        *        *                                 are listed in the index at                                         the SNAP program, as well as other EPA
                                            [FR Doc. 2015–17471 Filed 7–15–15; 8:45 am]                          www.regulations.gov. Although listed in                            publications on protection of
                                            BILLING CODE 6560–50–P
                                                                                                                 the index, some information is not                                 stratospheric ozone, are available at
                                                                                                                 publicly available, i.e., Confidential                             EPA’s Ozone Depletion Web site at
                                                                                                                 Business Information (CBI) or other                                www.epa.gov/ozone/strathome.html
                                            ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION                                             information whose disclosure is                                    including the SNAP portion at
                                            AGENCY                                                               restricted by statute. Publicly available                          www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/.
                                                                                                                 docket materials are available either                              SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
                                            40 CFR Part 82                                                       electronically at www.regulations.gov or                           I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes
                                            [EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118; FRL–9930–55–
                                                                                                                 in hard copy at the EPA Air Docket                                    A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
                                            OAR]                                                                 (Nos. A–91–42 and EPA–HQ–OAR–                                         B. Foam Blowing
                                                                                                                 2003–0118), EPA Docket Center (EPA/                                   C. Solvent Cleaning
                                            RIN 2060–AG12                                                        DC), William J. Clinton West, Room                                    D. Aerosols
                                                                                                                 3334, 1301 Constitution Avenue NW.,                                   E. Adhesives, Coatings, and Inks
                                            Protection of Stratospheric Ozone:                                                                                                      II. Section 612 Program
                                                                                                                 Washington, DC 20460. The Public                                      A. Statutory Requirements and Authority
                                            Determination 30 for Significant New
                                                                                                                 Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to                                  for the SNAP Program
                                            Alternatives Policy Program
                                                                                                                 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday,                                     B. EPA’s Regulations Implementing
                                            AGENCY: Environmental Protection                                     excluding legal holidays. The telephone                                 Section 612
                                            Agency (EPA).                                                        number for the Public Reading Room is                                 C. How the Regulations for the SNAP
                                            ACTION: Determination of acceptability.                              (202) 566–1744, and the telephone                                       Program Work
                                                                                                                 number for the Air Docket is (202) 566–                               D. Additional Information about the SNAP
                                            SUMMARY:    This determination of                                    1742.                                                                   Program
                                            acceptability expands the list of                                                                                                       Appendix A: Summary of Decisions for New
                                                                                                                 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
                                            acceptable substitutes pursuant to the                                                                                                     Acceptable Substitutes
                                                                                                                 Gerald Wozniak by telephone at (202)
                                            U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s                               343–9624, by email at wozniak.gerald@                              I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes
                                            (EPA) Significant New Alternatives                                   epa.gov, or by mail at U.S.
                                            Policy (SNAP) program. This action lists                                                                                                   This action presents EPA’s most
                                                                                                                 Environmental Protection Agency, Mail                              recent decision to list as acceptable
                                            as acceptable additional substitutes for                             Code 6205T, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue
                                            use in the refrigeration and air                                                                                                        several substitutes in the refrigeration
                                                                                                                 NW., Washington, DC 20460. Overnight                               and air conditioning; foam blowing;
                                            conditioning; foam blowing; solvent                                  or courier deliveries should be sent to
                                            cleaning; aerosols; and adhesives,                                                                                                      solvent cleaning; aerosols; and
                                                                                                                 the office location at 1201 Constitution                           adhesives, coatings, and inks sectors.
                                            coatings, and inks sectors.                                          Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20004.                                  New substitutes are:
                                            DATES: This determination is effective                                 For more information on the Agency’s                                • R–450A in new vending machines;
tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES




                                            on July 16, 2015.                                                    process for administering the SNAP                                    • R–448A in several refrigeration and
                                            ADDRESSES: EPA established a docket                                  program or criteria for the evaluation of                          air conditioning end-uses;
                                            for this action under Docket ID No.                                  substitutes, refer to the original SNAP                               • R–513A in several refrigeration and
                                            EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118                                                 rulemaking published in the Federal                                air conditioning end-uses;
                                            (continuation of Air Docket A–91–42).                                Register on March 18, 1994 (59 FR                                     • R–449A in several refrigeration and
                                            All electronic documents in the docket                               13,044). Notices and rulemakings under                             air conditioning end-uses;


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                                            42054              Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations

                                               • Hydrofluoroolefin 1 (HFO)-                          blend of 42 percent hydrofluorocarbon                      Flammability information: R–450A as
                                            1336mzz(Z) in rigid polyurethane spray                   (HFC)-134a, which is also known as                      formulated and in the worst-case
                                            foam (high-pressure, two-part uses                       1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.                 fractionation formulation is not
                                            only); and                                               811–97–2) and 58 percent HFO-                           flammable.
                                               • Methoxytridecafluoroheptene                         1234ze(E), which is also known as                          Toxicity and exposure data: Potential
                                            isomers (MPHE) in non-mechanical heat                    trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS                health effects of exposure to this
                                            transfer, three solvent cleaning end-                    Reg. No. 29118–24–9).                                   substitute include drowsiness or
                                            uses, aerosol solvents, and adhesives                      You may find the redacted                             dizziness. The substitute may also
                                            and coatings.                                            submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR–                        irritate the skin or eyes or cause
                                               For copies of the full list of acceptable             2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov                        frostbite. At sufficiently high
                                            substitutes for ozone depleting                          under the name, ‘‘Solstice® N–13 (R–                    concentrations, the substitute may cause
                                            substances (ODS) in all industrial                       450A) SNAP Information Notice.’’ EPA                    irregular heartbeat. The substitute could
                                            sectors, visit EPA’s Ozone Layer                         performed assessments to examine the                    cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by
                                            Protection Web site at www.epa.gov/                      health and environmental risks of this                  vapors in a confined space. These
                                            ozone/snap/lists/index.html. Substitutes                 substitute. These assessments are                       potential health effects are common to
                                            listed as unacceptable; acceptable,                      available in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR–                         many refrigerants.
                                            subject to narrowed use limits; or                       2003–0118 under the following name:                        The American Industrial Hygiene
                                            acceptable, subject to use conditions are                  • ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use                Association (AIHA) has established
                                            also listed in the appendices to 40 CFR                  in Retail Food Refrigeration, Vending                   Workplace Environmental Exposure
                                            part 82, subpart G.                                      Machines, and Commercial Ice                            Levels (WEELs) of 1,000 ppm and 800
                                               The sections below discuss each                       Machines Substitute: R–450A’’                           ppm as 8-hour time-weighted averages
                                            substitute listing in detail. Appendix A                   EPA previously listed R–450A as                       (TWAs) for HFC-134a and HFO-
                                            contains tables summarizing today’s                      acceptable for use as a refrigerant in                  1234ze(E), the components of R–450A,
                                            listing decisions for these new                          several refrigeration and air                           respectively. The manufacturer of R–
                                            substitutes. The statements in the                       conditioning end-uses (October 21,                      450A recommends an acceptable
                                            ‘‘Further Information’’ column in the                    2014, 79 FR 62,863).                                    exposure limit (AEL) for the workplace
                                            tables provide additional information,                     Environmental information: R–450A                     of 880 ppm on an 8-hour TWA for the
                                            but are not legally binding under section                has an ozone depletion potential (ODP)                  blend. EPA anticipates that users will be
                                            612 of the Clean Air Act (CAA). In                       of zero. Its components, HFC-134a and                   able to meet each of the AIHA WEELs
                                            addition, the ‘‘Further Information’’                    HFO-1234ze(E), have global warming                      and the manufacturer’s AEL, and
                                            column may not include a                                 potentials (GWPs) of 1,430 2 and one to                 address potential health risks by
                                            comprehensive list of other legal                        six,3 respectively. When these values                   following requirements and
                                            obligations you may need to meet when                    are weighted by mass percentage, then                   recommendations in the manufacturer’s
                                            using the substitute. Although you are                   R–450A has a 100-year integrated GWP                    safety data sheet (SDS), in the American
                                            not required to follow recommendations                   (100-yr GWP) of about 600. The                          Society for Heating, Refrigerating, and
                                            in the ‘‘Further Information’’ column of                 components of R–450A are both
                                                                                                                                                             Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)
                                            the table to use a substitute consistent                 excluded from the definition of volatile
                                                                                                                                                             Standard 15, and other safety
                                            with section 612 of the CAA, some of                     organic compounds (VOC) under CAA
                                                                                                                                                             precautions common to the refrigeration
                                            these statements may refer to obligations                regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s))
                                                                                                                                                             and air conditioning industry.
                                            that are enforceable or binding under                    addressing the development of state                        Comparison to other substitutes in
                                            federal or state programs other than the                 implementation plans (SIPs) to attain                   this end-use: R–450A has an ODP of
                                            SNAP program. In many instances, the                     and maintain the national ambient air                   zero, comparable 5 to or lower than
                                            information simply refers to standard                    quality standards (NAAQS). Knowingly                    other listed substitutes. R–450A’s GWP
                                            operating practices in existing industry                 venting or releasing this refrigerant
                                                                                                                                                             of about 600 is higher than that of some
                                            standards and/or building codes. When                    blend is limited by the venting
                                                                                                                                                             acceptable substitutes in this end-use,
                                            using these substitutes, EPA strongly                    prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of
                                                                                                                                                             such as CO2 with a GWP of one and
                                            encourages you to apply the information                  the CAA, codified at 40 CFR
                                                                                                                                                             propane (R–290), isobutane (R–600a),
                                            in this column. Many of these                            82.154(a)(1).4
                                                                                                                                                             and R–441A with GWPs ranging from
                                            recommendations, if adopted, would                                                                               three to eight; is comparable to IKON–
                                                                                                       2 Unless otherwise stated, all GWPs in this
                                            not require significant changes to                       document are from: IPCC, 2007: Climate Change           B’s GWP of approximately 550; and is
                                            existing operating practices.                            2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of       lower than FRIGC FR–12’s GWP of
                                               You can find submissions to EPA for                   Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report         approximately 1,080.6 Flammability
                                            the substitutes listed in this document,                 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
                                                                                                                                                             risks are low, as discussed above, and
                                                                                                     [Solomon, S., Qin, D., Manning, M., Chen, Z.,
                                            as well as other materials supporting the                Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor M., and Miller,      are comparable to flammability risks of
                                            decisions in this action, in Docket EPA–                 H. L. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press,              other available substitutes in the same
                                            HQ–OAR–2003–0118 at                                      Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY,             end-use. The toxicity risks are similar to
                                            www.regulations.gov.                                     USA. This document is accessible at www.ipcc.ch/
                                                                                                     publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/contents.html.         those for many other refrigerants and, as
                                            A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning                      3 Hodnebrog, ;., Etminan, M., Fuglestvedt, J. S.,     with those other refrigerants, can be
                                                                                                     Marston, G., Myhre, G., Nielsen, C. J., Shine, K. P.,   minimized by use consistent with the
                                            1. R–450A                                                Wallington, T. J., Global Warming Potentials and        AIHA WEELs, ASHRAE 15 and other
                                                                                                     Radiative Efficiencies of Halocarbons and Related
                                               EPA’s decision: EPA finds R–450A                      Compounds: A Comprehensive Review, Reviews of
                                            acceptable as a substitute for use in new                Geophysics, 51, 300–378, doi:10.1002/rog.20013,            5 This is in contrast to the historically used ODS
tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES




                                            equipment in vending machines.                           2013; Javadi, M. S., S<ndergaard, R., Nielsen, O. J.,   hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)–22 with an ODP
                                                                                                     Hurley, M. D., and Wallington, T. J.: Atmospheric       of 0.055.
                                               R–450A, marketed under the trade
                                                                                                     chemistry of trans-CF3CH=CHF: products and                 6 Propane (R–290), isobutane (R–600a), and R–
                                            name Solstice® N–13, is a weighted                       mechanisms of hydroxyl radical and chlorine atom        441A are acceptable, subject to use conditions, in
                                                                                                     initiated oxidation. Atmospheric Chemistry and          this end-use. These three substitutes are subject to
                                              1 Hydrofluoroolefins are unsaturated                   Physics, 8, 3141–3147, 2008.                            a use condition restricting charge sizes to 150 grams
                                            hydrofluorocarbons having at least one double              4 For more information, including definitions, see    (g) or less and thus may limit their use for
                                            bond.                                                    40 CFR part 82 subpart F.                               equipment that requires larger charge sizes.



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                                                               Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations                                                 42055

                                            industry standards, recommendations in    of 675; 3,500; 1,430; one to four; 7 8 and                           other substitutes listed as acceptable
                                            the SDS, and other safety precautions     one to six; 9 respectively. If these values                          substitutes for refrigerated transport
                                            common in the refrigeration and air       are weighted by mass percentage, then                                have a lower GWP including R–450A,
                                            conditioning industry; moreover, these    R–448A has a GWP of about 1,390. The                                 CO2, direct nitrogen expansion, and
                                            risks are common to many refrigerants,    components of R–448A are excluded                                    Stirling cycle, with GWPs ranging from
                                            including many of those already listed    from the definition of VOC under CAA                                 zero to about 600.
                                            as acceptable under SNAP.                 regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s))                                      For commercial ice machines, many
                                               EPA finds R–450A acceptable in the     addressing the development of SIPs to                                substitutes listed as acceptable have
                                            end-use listed above, because the         attain and maintain the NAAQS.                                       comparable or higher GWPs, such as
                                            overall environmental and human           Knowingly venting or releasing this                                  HFC-134a, R–404A, and other HFC
                                            health risk posed by R–450A is lower      refrigerant blend is limited by the                                  blends with GWPs ranging from
                                            than or comparable to the risks posed by  venting prohibition under section                                    approximately 1,400 to 3,990; other
                                            other substitutes acceptable in the same  608(c)(2) of the CAA, codified at 40 CFR                             substitutes listed as acceptable
                                            end-use.                                  82.154(a)(1).                                                        substitutes for commercial ice machines
                                                                                         Flammability information: R–448A as                               have a lower GWP including ammonia
                                            2. R–448A                                 formulated and in the worst-case                                     absorption, ammonia vapor
                                               EPA’s decision: EPA finds R–448A       fractionation formulation is not                                     compression, Stirling cycle, and R–
                                            acceptable as a substitute for use in:    flammable.                                                           450A with GWPs ranging from zero to
                                            • Commercial ice machines (new and           Toxicity and exposure data: Potential                             about 600.
                                               retrofit equipment)                    health   effects of exposure to this                                    R–448A’s GWP of about 1,390 is
                                            • Refrigerated transport (new and         substitute include drowsiness or                                     comparable to or lower than a number
                                               retrofit equipment)                    dizziness. The substitute may also                                   of other substitutes listed as acceptable
                                            • Retail food refrigeration—low-          irritate the skin or eyes or cause                                   in retail food refrigeration—supermarket
                                               temperature stand-alone equipment      frostbite. At sufficiently high                                      systems and remote condensing units,
                                               (i.e., equipment designed to maintain  concentrations, the substitute may cause                             including three of the more commonly
                                               internal temperatures at 32 °F (0° C)  irregular heartbeat. The substitute could                            used substitutes at this time: HFC-134a,
                                               or below) (new and retrofit            cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by                            R–407A, and R–407C, with GWPs
                                                                                      vapors in a confined space. These                                    ranging from 1,430 to approximately
                                               equipment)
                                                                                      potential health effects are common to                               2,110. R–448A’s GWP of about 1,390 is
                                            • Retail food refrigeration—supermarket
                                                                                      many refrigerants.                                                   higher than the GWP of some other
                                               systems and remote condensing units
                                                                                         The AIHA has established WEELs of                                 acceptable substitutes in retail food
                                               (new and retrofit equipment)           1,000 ppm as an 8-hr TWA for HFC-32,                                 refrigeration—supermarket refrigeration
                                               R–448A, marketed under the trade       HFC-125, and HFC-134a; 500 ppm for                                   systems and remote condensing units,
                                            name Solstice® N–40, is a weighted        HFO-1234yf; and 800 ppm for HFO-                                     including CO2 with a GWP of one and
                                            blend of 26 percent HFC-32, which is      1234ze(E), the components of R–448A.                                 R–450A with a GWP of about 600.
                                            also known as difluoromethane (CAS        The manufacturer of R–448A                                              R–448A’s GWP of about 1,390 is
                                            Reg. No. 75–10–5); 26 percent HFC-125, recommends an AEL of 890 ppm on an                                      comparable to the GWP of several
                                            which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2-         8-hour TWA for the blend. EPA                                        refrigerants listed as acceptable for the
                                            pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354–      anticipates that users will be able to                               retail food refrigeration-low-temperature
                                            33–6); 21 percent HFC-134a, which is      meet the AIHA WEELs and                                              stand-alone equipment end-use: HFC-
                                            also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane   manufacturer’s AEL, and address                                      134a with a GWP of 1430 and a number
                                            (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); 20 percent       potential health risks by following                                  of HFC blends with GWPs in the range
                                            HFO-1234yf, which is also known as        requirements and recommendations in                                  of 1,100 to 1,500.11 The GWP of R–448A
                                            2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg.   the SDS, in ASHRAE 15, and other                                     is higher than that of some other listed
                                            No 754–12–1); and 7 percent HFO-          safety precautions common to the                                     substitutes for the low-temperature
                                            1234ze(E), which is also known as         refrigeration and air conditioning                                   stand-alone equipment end-use,
                                            trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS industry.                                                             including CO2, propane, isobutane, and
                                            Reg. No. 29118–24–9).                        Comparison to other substitutes in                                R–441A (with GWPs ranging from one
                                               You may find the redacted              these end-uses: R–448A has an ODP of                                 to eight).
                                            submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR–          zero, comparable 10 to or lower than the                                Flammability risks are low, as
                                            2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov          other substitutes acceptable in these                                discussed above, and are comparable to
                                            under the name, ‘‘Solstice® N–40 (R–      end-uses.                                                            flammability risks of other available
                                            448A) SNAP Information Notice.’’ EPA         In refrigerated transport, many                                   substitutes in the same end-uses.
                                            performed assessments to examine the      substitutes listed as acceptable have                                Toxicity risks can be minimized by use
                                            health and environmental risks of this    comparable or higher GWPs, such as                                   consistent with the AIHA WEELs,
                                            substitute. These assessments are         HFC-134a, R–404A, and other HFC
                                            available in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR–           refrigerant blends, with GWPs ranging                                  11 Historically, under the SNAP listings, we have

                                            2003–0118 under the following names:      from 1,430 to approximately 3,990;                                   not subdivided the retail food refrigeration—stand-
                                                                                                                                                           alone equipment end-use. In the final rule that
                                               • ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use                                                                      changes the status of certain refrigerants for this
                                            in Retail Food Refrigeration and            7 Hodnebrog et al., 2013. Op. cit.
                                                                                                                                                           end-use and which we are issuing
                                                                                        8 Nielsen, O. J., Javadi, M. S., Sulbaek Andersen,
                                            Commercial Ice Machines Substitute: R–                                                                         contemporaneously with this action, we have
                                                                                      M. P., Hurley, M. D., Wallington, T. J., Singh, R.                   determined that the refrigerant choices for low-
                                            448A’’                                    Atmospheric chemistry of CF3CF=CH2: Kinetics and                     temperature stand-alone equipment, for which
                                               • ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use mechanisms of gas-phase reactions with Cl atoms,
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                                                                                                                                                           greater cooling capacity is required, are more
                                            in Refrigerated Transport Substitute: R– OH radicals, and O3. Chemical Physics Letters 439,                    limited than for other stand-alone equipment
                                            448A’’                                    18–22, 2007.                                                         (which we refer to as medium-temperature
                                                                                        9 Hodnebrog et al., 2013 and Javadi et al., 2008.
                                               Environmental information: R–448A                                                                           equipment). In that action, we subdivided the
                                                                                      Op. cit.                                                             stand-alone equipment end-use. Therefore, in this
                                            has an ODP of zero. Its components,         10 This is in contrast to the historically used ODS                action we are evaluating low-temperature
                                            HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFO-           chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-12, R–502A, and HCFC–                       equipment and medium-temperature equipment as
                                            1234yf, and HFO-1234ze(E) have GWPs       22 with ODPs ranging from 0.055 to 1.0.                              separate end-uses.



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                                            42056              Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations

                                            ASHRAE 15, and other industry                         health and environmental risks of this                    requirements and recommendations in
                                            standards, recommendations in the SDS,                substitute. These assessments are                         the SDS, in ASHRAE 15, and other
                                            and other safety precautions common in                available in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR–                           safety precautions common to the
                                            the refrigeration and air conditioning                2003–0118 under the following names:                      refrigeration and air conditioning
                                            industry; moreover, those risks are                   • ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in                 industry.
                                            common to many refrigerants, including                   Chillers and Industrial Process Air                      Comparison to other substitutes in
                                            many of those already listed as                          Conditioning Substitute: R–513A’’                      these end-uses: R–513A has an ODP of
                                            acceptable under SNAP for these same                  • ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in                 zero, comparable 14 to or lower than
                                            end-uses.                                                Cold Storage Warehouses and                            other listed substitutes in these end-
                                              EPA finds R–448A acceptable in the                     Industrial Process Refrigeration                       uses.
                                            end-uses listed above, because the                       Substitute: R–513A’’                                     R–513A’s GWP of about 630 is
                                            overall environmental and human                       • ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in                 comparable to or lower than a number
                                            health risk posed by R–448A is lower                     Household Refrigerators and Freezers                   of other substitutes in retail food
                                            than or comparable to the risks posed by                 and Water Coolers Substitute: R–                       refrigeration—supermarket systems and
                                            other substitutes found acceptable in the                513A’’                                                 remote condensing units, including R–
                                            same end-uses.                                        • ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in                 450A, HFC-134a, R–407A, R–407C, and
                                                                                                     Refrigerated Transport Substitute: R–                  a number of HFC blends, with GWPs
                                            3. R–513A                                                513A’’                                                 ranging from approximately 600 to
                                                EPA’s decision: EPA finds R–513A                  • ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in                 2,110. R–513’s GWP of about 630 is
                                            acceptable as a substitute for use in:                   Retail Food Refrigeration, Vending                     higher than those of some other
                                            • Centrifugal chillers (new and retrofit                 Machines, and Commercial Ice                           acceptable substitutes in new retail food
                                                equipment)                                           Machines Substitute: R–513A’’                          refrigeration—supermarket refrigeration
                                            • Cold storage warehouses (new and                       Environmental information: R–513A                      systems and remote condensing units,
                                                retrofit equipment)                               has an ODP of zero. Its components,                       including CO2 with a GWP of one.
                                            • Commercial ice machines (new and                    HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, have GWPs                          In retail food refrigeration—low-
                                                retrofit equipment)                               of 1,430 and one to four,13 respectively.                 temperature stand-alone equipment, R–
                                            • Household refrigerators and freezers                If these values are weighted by mass                      513A’s GWP of about 630 is comparable
                                                (new and retrofit equipment)                      percentage, then R–513A has a GWP of                      to or lower than a number of other
                                            • Industrial process air-conditioning                 about 630. The components of R–513A                       substitutes, including IKON B, R–450A,
                                                (new and retrofit equipment)                      are both excluded from the definition of                  FRIGC FR–12, HFC-134a, and R–
                                            • Industrial process refrigeration (new               VOC under CAA regulations (see 40                         426Awith GWPs ranging from
                                                and retrofit equipment)                           CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the                             approximately 550 to approximately
                                            • Reciprocating, screw and scroll                     development of SIPs to attain and                         1,500. In retail food-refrigeration—
                                                chillers (new and retrofit equipment)             maintain the NAAQS. Knowingly                             medium temperature stand-alone
                                            • Refrigerated transport (new and                     venting or releasing this refrigerant                     equipment and vending machines, R–
                                                retrofit equipment)                               blend is limited by the venting                           513A’s GWP of about 630 is higher than
                                            • Retail food refrigeration—low-                      prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of                    that of some acceptable substitutes in
                                                temperature and medium-                           the CAA, codified at 40 CFR                               this end-use, such as CO2 with a GWP
                                                temperature 12 stand-alone equipment 82.154(a)(1).                                                          of one and propane (R–290), isobutane
                                                (new and retrofit equipment)                         Flammability information: R–513A as                    (R–600a), and R–441A with GWPs
                                            • Retail food refrigeration—supermarket formulated and in the worst-case                                        ranging from three to eight; is
                                                systems and remote condensing units fractionation formulation is not                                        comparable to the GWPs of IKON–B and
                                                (new and retrofit equipment)                      flammable.                                                R–450A, which are approximately 550
                                            • Vending machines (new and retrofit                     Toxicity and exposure data: Potential                  to 600; and is lower than FRIGC FR–12’s
                                                equipment)                                        health effects of exposure to this                        GWP of approximately 1,080.15
                                            • Water coolers (new and retrofit                     substitute include drowsiness or                            In refrigerated transport, many
                                                equipment)                                        dizziness. The substitute may also                        substitutes listed as acceptable have
                                                R–513A, marketed under the trade                  irritate the skin or eyes or cause                        comparable or higher GWPs, such as R–
                                            name Opteon® XP 10, is a weighted                     frostbite. At sufficiently high                           450A, HFC-134a, R–404A, and other
                                            blend of 44 percent HFC-134a, which is concentrations, the substitute may cause                                 HFC refrigerant blends, with GWPs
                                            also known as 1,1,1,2 tetrafluoroethane               irregular heartbeat. The substitute could                 ranging from approximately 600 to
                                            (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and 56                       cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by                 approximately 3,990; acceptable
                                            percent HFO-1234yf, which is also                     vapors in a confined space. These                         substitutes for refrigerated transport
                                            known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene                potential health effects are common to                    with a lower GWP include CO2, direct
                                            (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1).                              many refrigerants.                                        nitrogen expansion, and Stirling cycle,
                                                You may find the redacted                            The AIHA has established WEELs of                      with GWPs in the range of zero to one.
                                            submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR–                      1,000 ppm and 500 ppm as an 8-hour                          For cold storage warehouses and
                                            2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov                      TWA for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,                          industrial process refrigeration, many
                                            under the name, ‘‘Opteon® XP 10 (R–                   respectively, the components of R–                        substitutes listed as acceptable have
                                            513A) SNAP Information Notice.’’ EPA                  513A. The manufacturer of R–513A                          comparable or higher GWPs, such as R–
                                            performed assessments to examine the                  recommends an AEL of 653 ppm on an
                                                                                                  8-hour TWA for the blend. EPA                                14 This is in contrast to the historically used ODS

                                                                                                  anticipates that users will be able to
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                                               12 As provided in the listing decision for R–448A                                                            CFC–12, R–502A, and HCFC–22 with ODPs ranging
                                            for retail food refrigeration, we are making separate meet each of the AIHA WEELs and the                       from 0.055 to 1.0.
                                            listing decisions for low-temperature stand-alone     manufacturer’s AEL, and address                              15 Propane (R–290), isobutane (R–600a), and R–

                                            equipment (i.e. equipment designed to maintain                                                                  441A are acceptable, subject to use conditions, in
                                            internal temperatures at 32 °F (0 °C) or below) and   potential health risks by following                       this end-use. These three substitutes are subject to
                                            medium-temperature equipment (i.e., stand-alone                                                                 a use condition restricting charge sizes to 150 g or
                                            equipment designed to maintain internal                   13 Hodnebrog et al., 2013 and Nielsen et al., 2007.   less and thus may limit their use for equipment that
                                            temperatures above 32 °F (0 °C).                         Op. cit.                                               requires larger charge sizes.



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                                                               Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations                                                          42057

                                            450A, HFC-134a, R–404A, and other                        industry; moreover, those risks are       51.100(s)) addressing the development
                                            HFC refrigerant blends, with GWPs                        common to many refrigerants, including    of SIPs to attain and maintain the
                                            ranging from approximately 600 to                        many of those already listed as           NAAQS. Knowingly venting or releasing
                                            approximately 3,990; acceptable                          acceptable under SNAP for these same      this refrigerant blend is limited by the
                                            substitutes for new cold storage                         end-uses.                                 venting prohibition under section
                                            warehouses and for industrial process                      EPA finds R–513A acceptable in the      608(c)(2) of the CAA, codified at 40 CFR
                                            refrigeration with a lower GWP include                   end-uses listed above, because the        82.154(a)(1).
                                            CO2 and ammonia with GWPs in the                         overall environmental and human              Flammability information: R–449A as
                                            range of zero to one.                                    health risk posed by R–513A is lower      formulated and in the worst-case
                                               For commercial ice machines, most                     than or comparable to the risks posed by  fractionation formulation is not
                                            other substitutes listed as acceptable                   other substitutes found acceptable in the flammable.
                                            have comparable or higher GWPs, such                     same end-uses.                               Toxicity and exposure data: Potential
                                            as R–450A, R–404A and other HFC                                                                    health effects of exposure to this
                                            blends with GWPs ranging from                            4. R–449A
                                                                                                                                               substitute include drowsiness or
                                            approximately 600 to 3,990. Ammonia                         EPA’s decision: EPA finds R–449A       dizziness. The substitute may also
                                            vapor compression with a GWP of zero                     acceptable as a substitute for use in:    irritate the skin or eyes or cause
                                            is also an acceptable substitute in this                 • Commercial ice machines (new and        frostbite. At sufficiently high
                                            end-use.                                                    retrofit equipment)                    concentrations, the substitute may cause
                                               In household refrigerators and                        • Refrigerated transport (new and         irregular heartbeat. The substitute could
                                            freezers, many substitutes listed as                        retrofit equipment)                    cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by
                                            acceptable have comparable or higher                     • Retail food refrigeration—low-          vapors in a confined space. These
                                            GWPs than R–513A, such as R–450A,                           temperature stand-alone equipment      potential health effects are common to
                                            R–134a, R–404A and other HFC blends                         (new and retrofit equipment)           many refrigerants.
                                            with GWPs ranging from approximately                     • Retail food refrigeration—supermarket      The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                            600 to 3,990. R–513A’s GWP of                               systems and remote condensing units 1,000 ppm as an 8-hr TWA for HFC-32,
                                            approximately 630 is higher than those                      (new and retrofit equipment)           HFC-125, and HFC-134a; and 500 ppm
                                            of some other acceptable substitutes in                     R–449A, marketed under the trade       for HFO-1234yf, the components of R–
                                            this end-use for new equipment,                          name Opteon® XP 40, is a weighted         449A. The manufacturer of R–449A
                                            including propane, isobutane, and R–                     blend of 24.3 percent HFC-32, which is    recommends an AEL of 830 ppm on an
                                            441A 16 (with GWPs ranging from three                    also known as difluoromethane (CAS        8-hour TWA for the blend. EPA
                                            to eight), and HFC-152a with a GWP of                    Reg. No. 75–10–5); 24.7 percent HFC-      anticipates that users will be able to
                                            124.                                                     125, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2-    meet each of the AIHA WEELs and the
                                               For centrifugal, reciprocating, screw                 pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354–      manufacturer’s AEL and address
                                            and scroll chillers, most other                          33–6); 25.7 percent HFC-134a, which is    potential health risks by following
                                            substitutes listed as acceptable have                    also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane   requirements and recommendations in
                                            comparable or higher GWPs, such as R–                    (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and 25.3         the SDS, in ASHRAE 15, and other
                                            450A, R–134a, R–404A and other HFC                       percent HFO-1234yf, which is also         safety precautions common to the
                                            blends with GWPs ranging from                            known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene    refrigeration and air conditioning
                                            approximately 600 to 3,990. In these                     (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1).                  industry.
                                            end-uses, acceptable substitutes with                       You may find the redacted                 Comparison to other substitutes in
                                            lower GWPs for new equipment include                     submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR–          these end-uses: R–449A has an ODP of
                                            ammonia absorption and ammonia                           2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov          zero, comparable 18 to or lower than the
                                            vapor compression, HFO-1234ze(E), and                    under the name, ‘‘Opteon® XP 40 (R–       other substitutes acceptable in these
                                            for centrifugal chillers only, trans-1-                  449A) SNAP Information Notice.’’ EPA      end-uses.
                                            chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoroprop-1-ene, with                  performed assessments to examine the         In refrigerated transport, many
                                            GWPs in the range of zero to seven.                      health and environmental risks of this    substitutes listed as acceptable have
                                               For industrial process air                            substitute. These assessments are         comparable or higher GWPs than R–
                                            conditioning and water coolers, all other                available in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR–           449’s GWP of about 1,400, such as HFC-
                                            substitutes listed as acceptable have                    2003–0118 under the following names:      134a, R–404A, and other HFC
                                            comparable or higher GWPs, such as R–                       • ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use refrigerant blends, with GWPs ranging
                                            450A, R–134a, R–404A and other HFC                       in Refrigerated Transport Substitute:     from 1,430 to approximately 3,990;
                                            blends with GWPs ranging from                               R–449A’’                               other substitutes listed as acceptable
                                            approximately 600 to 3,990.                                 • ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use substitutes for refrigerated transport
                                               Flammability risks are low, as                        in Retail Food Refrigeration and          have a lower GWP including R–450A,
                                            discussed above, and are comparable to                      Commercial Ice Machines Substitute:    CO2, direct nitrogen expansion, and
                                            flammability risks of other available                    R–449A’’                                  Stirling cycle, with GWPs ranging from
                                            substitutes in the same end-uses.                           Environmental information: R–449A      zero to about 600.
                                            Toxicity risks can be minimized by use                   has an ODP of zero. Its components,          For commercial ice machines, many
                                            consistent with the AIHA WEELs,                          HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, and HFO- substitutes listed as acceptable have
                                            ASHRAE 15 and other industry                             1234yf have GWPs of 675; 3,500; 1,430;    comparable or higher GWPs than R–
                                            standards, recommendations in the SDS,                   and one to four,17 respectively. If these 449’s GWP of about 1,400, such as HFC-
                                            and other safety precautions common in                   values are weighted by mass percentage, 134a, R–404A and other HFC blends
                                            the refrigeration and air conditioning                   then R–449A has a GWP of about 1,400. with GWPs ranging from approximately
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                                                                                                     The components of R–449A are              1,400 to 3,990; other substitutes listed as
                                              16 Propane (R–290), isobutane (R–600a), and R–
                                                                                                     excluded from the definition of VOC       acceptable substitutes for commercial
                                            441Aare acceptable, subject to use conditions, in
                                            this end-use. These three substitutes are subject to     under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR
                                            a use condition restricting charge sizes to 57 g or                                                                      18 This is in contrast to the historically used ODS

                                            less and thus may limit their use for equipment that          17 Hodnebrog   et al., 2013 and Nielsen et al., 2007.   CFC–12, R–502A, and HCFC–22 with ODPs ranging
                                            requires larger charge sizes.                            Op. cit.                                                     from 0.055 to 1.0.



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                                            42058              Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations

                                            ice machines have a lower GWP                            and retrofit equipment in non-                           Comparison to other substitutes in
                                            including ammonia absorption,                            mechanical heat transfer.20                           this end-use: MPHE has an ODP of zero,
                                            ammonia vapor compression, Stirling                         MPHE, marketed under the trade                     comparable 21 to or lower than other
                                            cycle and R–450A, with GWPs ranging                      name SineraTM, is a HFO. It is a mixture              acceptable substitutes in this same end-
                                            from zero to about 600.                                  of structural and stereo isomers,                     use. Additionally, MPHE’s GWP of 2.5
                                               R–449A’s GWP of about 1,400 is                        represented as C7F13(OCH3). Trans-5-                  is lower than or comparable to the GWP
                                            comparable to or lower than a number                     methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene is the                    of other acceptable substitutes in the
                                            of other substitutes listed as acceptable                most prevalent isomer in the mixture                  same end-use, such as C7 Fluoroketone,
                                            in retail food refrigeration—supermarket                 (approximately 50 percent), and eight                 HFO-1234ze(E), HFC-245fa, and HFC-
                                            systems and remote condensing units,                     isomeric structures have been                         125 (with GWPs ranging from about one
                                            including three of the more commonly                     identified, comprising more than 99%                  to 3,500). Flammability risks are low, as
                                            used substitutes at this time: HFC-134a,                 of the material.                                      discussed above. Toxicity risks can be
                                            R–407A, and R–407C, with GWPs                               You may find the redacted                          minimized by use consistent with the
                                            ranging from 1,430 to approximately                      submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR–                      manufacturer’s AEL, recommendations
                                            2,110. R–449A’s GWP of about 1,400 is                    2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov                      in the SDS, and other safety precautions
                                            higher than the GWP of some other                        under the name, ‘‘SNAP Information                    common in the refrigeration and air
                                            acceptable substitutes in retail food                    Notice for Methoxytridecafluoroheptene                conditioning industry; moreover, those
                                            refrigeration—supermarket refrigeration                  isomers (MPHE) Received July 2, 2012.’’               risks are common to many heat transfer
                                            systems and remote condensing units,                     EPA performed an assessment to                        fluids, including many of those already
                                            including CO2 with a GWP of one and                      examine the health and environmental                  listed as acceptable under SNAP.
                                            R–450A with a GWP of about 600.                          risks of this substitute. This assessment                EPA finds MPHE acceptable in the
                                                                                                     is available in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR–                    end-use listed above, because the
                                               R–449A’s GWP of about 1,400 is                                                                              overall environmental and human
                                                                                                     2003–0118 under the following name,
                                            comparable to the GWP of substitutes                                                                           health risk posed by MPHE is lower
                                                                                                     ‘‘Risk Screen on Substitutes in Non-
                                            listed as acceptable for retail food                                                                           than or comparable to the risks posed by
                                                                                                     mechanical Heat Transfer Substitute:
                                            refrigeration—low-temperature stand-                                                                           other substitutes found acceptable in the
                                                                                                     Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers.’’
                                            alone equipment, including HFC-134a                                                                            same end-use.
                                                                                                        Environmental information: MPHE
                                            of 1,430 and a number of HFC blends
                                                                                                     has an ODP of zero. The 100-yr GWP of                 B. Foam Blowing
                                            with GWPs in the range of 1,100 to
                                                                                                     MPHE is 2.5 and it has an atmospheric
                                            1,500 and is higher than those of some                                                                         1. HFO-1336mzz(Z) (Formacel® 1100)
                                                                                                     lifetime of approximately nine days.
                                            other listed substitutes in this end-use,
                                                                                                     MPHE is regulated as a VOC under CAA                     EPA’s decision: EPA finds HFO-
                                            including CO2 with a GWP of one and
                                                                                                     regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s))                    1336mzz(Z) acceptable as a substitute
                                            propane, isobutane, and R–441A (with
                                                                                                     addressing the development of SIPs to                 for use in rigid polyurethane spray foam
                                            GWPs ranging from three to eight).19
                                                                                                     attain and maintain the NAAQS.                        (high-pressure, two-part uses only).22
                                               Flammability risks are low, as                        Knowingly venting or releasing this                      HFO-1336mzz(Z) is also known as
                                            discussed above, and are comparable to                   refrigerant blend is limited by the                   (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene and
                                            flammability risks of other available                    venting prohibition under section                     cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene (CAS
                                            substitutes in the same end-uses.                        608(c)(2) of the CAA, codified at 40 CFR              Reg. No. 692–49–9), and goes by the
                                            Toxicity risks can be minimized by use                   82.154(a)(1).                                         trade names of FEA–1100 and
                                            consistent with the AIHA WEELs,                             Flammability information: MPHE is                  Formacel® 1100.
                                            ASHRAE 15 and other industry                             not flammable.                                           You may find the redacted
                                            standards, recommendations in the SDS,                      Toxicity and exposure data: Potential              submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR–
                                            and other safety precautions common in                   health effects of exposure to this                    2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov
                                            the refrigeration and air conditioning                   substitute include serious eye irritation,            under the name, ‘‘SNAP Information
                                            industry; moreover, those risks are                      skin irritation, and respiratory tract                Notice for FEA–1100 as a Foam Blowing
                                            common to many refrigerants, including                   irritation. Ingestion of MPHE may also                Agent Received 8/3/11.’’ EPA performed
                                            many of those already listed as                          be harmful. The substitute could cause                an assessment to examine the health
                                            acceptable under SNAP in these same                      asphyxiation if air is displaced by                   and environmental risks of this
                                            end-uses.                                                vapors in a confined space. These                     substitute. This assessment is available
                                               EPA finds R–449A acceptable in the                    potential health effects are common to                in docket EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118
                                            end-uses listed above, because the                       many refrigerants.                                    under the name, ‘‘Risk Screen on
                                            overall environmental and human                             EPA anticipates that MPHE will be                  Substitutes for Spray Foam Substitute:
                                            health risk posed by R–449A is lower                     used in a manner consistent with the                  HFO-1336mzz(Z) (Formacel® 1100).’’
                                            than or comparable to the risks posed by                 recommendations specified in the SDS.                    We have previously listed HFO-
                                            other substitutes found acceptable in the                The manufacturer recommends an AEL                    1336mzz(Z) as a foam blowing agent in
                                            same end-uses.                                           of 500 ppm on an 8-hour TWA. EPA
                                                                                                     anticipates that users will be able to                   21 In contrast, the historically used ODS HCFC–
                                            5. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene Isomers                                                                         123, HCFC–22, and CFC–113 have ODPs ranging
                                                                                                     meet the AEL and address potential
                                            (MPHE)                                                                                                         from 0.01 to 0.8.
                                                                                                     health risks by following requirements                   22 Historically, under the SNAP listings, we have
                                              EPA’s decision: EPA finds                              and recommendations in the SDS and in                 not subdivided the rigid polyurethane (PU) spray
                                            methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers                      any other safety precautions common to                foam end-use. In the final rule that we are issuing
                                            acceptable as a substitute for use in new                the refrigeration and air conditioning                contemporaneously with this action, we have
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                                                                                                                                                           determined that the foam blowing agent choices
                                                                                                     industry.                                             differ for rigid PU high-pressure two-part spray
                                              19 Propane (R–290), isobutane (R–600a), and R–                                                               foam, rigid PU low-pressure two-part spray foam,
                                            441A are acceptable, subject to use conditions, in         20 Acceptable substitutes for organic Rankine       and rigid PU one-component foam sealants.
                                            this end-use. These three substitutes are subject to     cycle have typically been included through listings   Therefore, in this action we are evaluating high-
                                            a use condition restricting charge sizes to 150 g or     in the non-mechanical heat transfer end-use. EPA      pressure two-part spray foam as a separate end-use
                                            less and thus may limit their use for equipment that     may review organic Rankine cycle applications         from rigid PU low-pressure two-part spray foam and
                                            requires larger charge sizes.                            separately in the future.                             rigid PU one-component foam sealants.



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                                                               Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations                                                 42059

                                            a number of other foam blowing end-                      acceptable substitutes in this end-use,               EPA performed an assessment to
                                            uses (October 21, 2014, 79 FR 62,863).                   such as HFC-245fa with a GWP of 1,070;                examine the health and environmental
                                               Environmental information: HFO-                       commercial blends of HFC-365mfc and                   risks of this substitute. This assessment
                                            1336mzz(Z) has an ODP of zero. It has                    HFC-227ea containing 7% to 13% HFC-                   is available in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR–
                                            a 100-yr GWP of about nine.23 HFO-                       227ea and the remainder HFC-365mfc,                   2003–0118 under the name, ‘‘Risk
                                            1336mzz(Z) is a VOC. The manufacturer                    with GWPs ranging from about 900 to                   Screen on Substitutes in Metals
                                            has petitioned EPA to exempt HFO-                        1,100; trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-                          Cleaning, Electronics Cleaning, and
                                            1336mzz(Z) from the definition of VOC                    trifluoroprop-1-ene and water, with                   Precision Cleaning Substitute:
                                            under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR                        GWPs of one to seven 26 27 28 and zero,               Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers.’’
                                            51.100(s)), which addresses the                          respectively. Flammability risks are low,
                                            development of SIPs to attain and                        as discussed above. Toxicity risks can                   Environmental information: The
                                            maintain the NAAQS, based on its claim                   be minimized by use consistent with the               environmental information for this
                                            that the chemical exhibits low                           OARS WEEL, recommendations in the                     substitute is set forth in the
                                            photochemical reactivity.                                SDS, and other safety precautions                     ‘‘Environmental information’’ section in
                                               Flammability information: HFO-                        common in the foam blowing industry;                  listing A.5.
                                            1336mzz(Z) is not flammable.                             moreover, those risks are common to                      Flammability information: MPHE is
                                               Toxicity and exposure data: Potential                 many foam blowing agents, including                   not flammable.
                                            health effects of this substitute include                many of those already listed as
                                            skin or eye irritation or frostbite. At                                                                           Toxicity and exposure data: The
                                                                                                     acceptable under SNAP for this end-use.
                                            sufficiently high concentrations, the                       EPA finds HFO-1336mzz(Z)                           toxicity information for this substitute is
                                            substitute may cause irregular heartbeat.                acceptable in the end-use listed above,               set forth in the ‘‘Toxicity and exposure
                                            The substitute could cause asphyxiation                  because the overall environmental and                 data’’ section in listing I.A.5. EPA
                                            if air is displaced by vapors in a                       human health risk posed by HFO-                       anticipates that users will be able to
                                            confined space. These potential health                   1336mzz(Z) is lower than or comparable                meet the manufacturer’s AEL of 500
                                            effects are common to many foam                          to the risks posed by other substitutes               ppm on an 8-hr TWA and address
                                            blowing agents. Additionally, as                         found acceptable in the same end-use.                 potential health risks by following
                                            described in the Premanufacture Notice                                                                         requirements and recommendations in
                                            (PMN), exposure to consumers is                          C. Solvent Cleaning                                   the SDS and in any other safety
                                            expected to be minimal since HFO-                        1. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers                precautions common to the solvent
                                            1336mzz(Z) is not domestically                           (MPHE)                                                cleaning industry.
                                            manufactured or used by consumers.
                                            EPA issued a Significant New Use Rule                       EPA’s decision: EPA finds                             Comparison to other substitutes in
                                            (SNUR) on June 5, 2015, to require                       methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers                   these end-uses: MPHE has an ODP of
                                            persons to submit a Significant New Use                  acceptable as a substitute for use in:                zero, comparable 29 to or lower than the
                                            Notice (SNUN) to EPA at least 90 days                    • Electronics cleaning                                ODP of other substitutes in these three
                                            before they manufacture or process                       • Metals cleaning                                     end-uses. MPHE’s GWP of 2.5 is lower
                                            HFO-1336mzz(Z) for consumer use (80                      • Precision cleaning                                  than or comparable to those of other
                                            FR 32,003, 32,005).                                         MPHE, marketed under the trade                     acceptable substitutes in these three
                                               EPA anticipates that HFO-1336mzz(Z)                   name SionTM, is an HFO. It is a mixture               end-uses, such as acetone, trans-1-
                                            will be used consistent with the                         of structural and stereo isomers,                     chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene, trans-
                                            recommendations specified in the SDS.                    represented as C7F13(OCH3). Trans-5-                  1,2-dichloroethylene, HFE–7100, and
                                            The WEEL committee of the                                methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene is the                    HFC-4310meewith GWPs of 0.5, one to
                                            Occupational Alliance for Risk Science                   most prevalent isomer in the mixture                  seven,30 less than ten, 297, and 1,640,
                                            (OARS) recommends a WEEL for the                         (approximately 50 percent), and eight                 respectively. Flammability risks are low,
                                            workplace of 500 ppm on an 8-hour                        isomeric structures have been                         as discussed above. Toxicity risks can
                                            TWA.24 EPA anticipates that users will                   identified, comprising more than 99%                  be minimized by use consistent with the
                                            be able to meet the WEEL and address                     of the material.
                                            potential health risks by following                                                                            manufacturer’s AEL, recommendations
                                                                                                        You may find the redacted                          in the SDS, and other safety precautions
                                            requirements and recommendations in                      submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR–
                                            the SDS and other safety precautions                                                                           common in the solvent cleaning
                                                                                                     2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov
                                            common to the foam blowing industry.                                                                           industry; moreover, those risks are
                                                                                                     under the name, ‘‘SNAP Information
                                               Comparison to other foam blowing                      Notice for Methoxytridecafluoroheptene                common to many solvents, including
                                            agents: HFO-1336mzz(Z) has an ODP of                     isomers (MPHE) Received July 2, 2012.’’               many of those already listed as
                                            zero, comparable 25 to or lower than                                                                           acceptable under SNAP for these same
                                            other acceptable non-ozone-depleting                       26 Wang D., Olsen S., and Wuebbles D.               end-uses.
                                            substitutes for the rigid PU high-                       Preliminary Report: Analyses of tCFP’s Potential         EPA finds MPHE acceptable in the
                                            pressure, two-part spray foam end-use.                   Impact on Atmospheric Ozone. Department of
                                                                                                                                                           end-uses listed above, because the
                                            HFO-1336mzz(Z)’s GWP of about nine is                    Atmospheric Sciences. University of Illinois,
                                                                                                     Urbana, IL. September 26, 2011; Hodnebrog et al.,     overall environmental and human
                                            lower than or comparable to other                        2013. Op. cit.                                        health risk posed by MPHE is lower
                                                                                                       27 Sulbaek Andersen, M.P., Nilsson, E.J.K.,
                                              23 Baasandorj, M., Ravishankara, A.R.,                                                                       than or comparable to the risks posed by
                                                                                                     Nielsen, O.J., Johnson, M.S., Hurley, M.D., and
                                            Burkholder, J.B., Atmospheric Chemistry of (Z)-          Wallington, T.J. Atmospheric chemistry of trans-      other substitutes found acceptable in the
                                            CF3CHÕCHCF3: OH Radical Reaction Rate                    CF3CH=CHCl: Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions       same end-uses.
                                            Coefficient and Global Warming Potential, Journal
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                                                                                                     with Cl atoms, OH radicals, and O3’’, Journal of
                                            of Physical Chemistry A, 2011, 115, 10,539–10,549,       Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry,           29 In contrast, the historically used ODS CFC–113,
                                            2011.                                                    199, 92–97, 2008.
                                              24 The documentation may be viewed at                    28 Wang D., Olsen S., and Wuebbles D. Three-        methyl chloroform, HCFC–225ca, and HCFC–225cb
                                            www.tera.org/OARS/HFO-1336mzz-                           Dimensional Model Evaluation of the Global            have ODPs ranging from 0.02 to 0.8.
                                            Z%20WEEL%20FINAL.pdf.                                                                                            30 Wang et al., 2011; Sulbaek Andersen et al.,
                                                                                                     Warming Potentials for tCFP. Department of
                                              25 In contrast, the historically used ODS CFC–11       Atmospheric Sciences. University of Illinois,         2008; and Wang et al., undated; Hodnebrog et al.,
                                            and HCFC–141b have ODPs ranging from 0.1 to 1.0.         Urbana, IL. Draft report, undated.                    2013. Op cit.



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                                            42060              Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations

                                            D. Aerosols                                              respectively. Flammability risks are low,             the SDS and in any other safety
                                                                                                     as discussed above. Toxicity risks can                precautions common to the adhesives
                                            1. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers
                                                                                                     be minimized by use consistent with the               and coatings industries.
                                            (MPHE)
                                                                                                     manufacturer’s AEL, recommendations                      Comparison to other substitutes in
                                               EPA’s decision: EPA finds                             in the SDS, and other safety precautions              these end-uses: MPHE has an ODP of
                                            methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers                      common in the aerosol solvent industry;               zero, comparable 33 to or lower than
                                            acceptable as a substitute for use as an                 moreover, those risks are common to                   other acceptable substitutes in these two
                                            aerosol solvent.                                         many aerosol solvents, including many                 end-uses. MPHE’s GWP of 2.5 is lower
                                               MPHE is a HFO. It is a mixture of                     of those already listed as acceptable                 than or comparable to those of other
                                            structural and stereo isomers,                           under SNAP.                                           acceptable substitutes in the same end-
                                            represented as C7F13(OCH3). Trans-5-                       EPA finds MPHE acceptable in the                    use, such as acetone, trans-1-
                                            methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene is the                       end-uses listed above, because the                    chloroprop-1-ene, trans-1,2-
                                            most prevalent isomer in the mixture                     overall environmental and human                       dichloroethylene and HFE–7100 with
                                            (approximately 50 percent), and eight                    health risk posed by MPHE is lower                    GWPs of 0.5, one to seven,34 less than
                                            isomeric structures have been                            than or comparable to the risks posed by              ten, and 297, respectively. Flammability
                                            identified, comprising more than 99%                     other substitutes found acceptable in the             risks are low, as discussed above.
                                            of the material.                                         same end-uses.                                        Toxicity risks can be minimized by use
                                               You may find the redacted                                                                                   consistent with the manufacturer’s AEL,
                                            submission in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR–                         E. Adhesives, Coatings and Inks
                                                                                                                                                           recommendations in the SDS, and other
                                            2003–0118 at www.regulations.gov                         1. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers                safety precautions common in the
                                            under the name, ‘‘SNAP Information                       (MPHE)                                                adhesives and coatings industries;
                                            Notice for Methoxytridecafluoroheptene                                                                         moreover, those risks are common to
                                            isomers (MPHE) Received July 2, 2012.’’                     EPA’s decision: EPA finds
                                                                                                     methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers                   many carrier solvents for adhesives and
                                            EPA performed an assessment to                                                                                 coatings, including many of those
                                            examine the health and environmental                     acceptable as a substitute for use as a
                                                                                                     carrier solvent in:                                   already listed as acceptable under
                                            risks of this substitute. This assessment                                                                      SNAP.
                                            is available in Docket EPA–HQ–OAR–                       • Adhesives
                                                                                                     • Coatings                                               EPA finds MPHE acceptable in the
                                            2003–0118 under the name, ‘‘Risk                                                                               end-uses listed above, because the
                                            Screen on Substitutes in Aerosol                            MPHE, marketed under the trade
                                                                                                                                                           overall environmental and human
                                            Solvents Substitute:                                     name SuprionTM, is an HFO. It is a
                                                                                                                                                           health risk posed by MPHE is lower
                                            Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers.’’                   mixture of structural and stereo isomers,
                                                                                                                                                           than or comparable to the risks posed by
                                               Environmental information: The                        represented as C7F13(OCH3). Trans-5-
                                                                                                                                                           other substitutes found acceptable in the
                                            environmental information for this                       methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene is the
                                                                                                                                                           same end-uses.
                                            substitute is set forth in the                           most prevalent isomer in the mixture
                                            ‘‘Environmental information’’ section in                 (approximately 50 percent), and eight                 II. Section 612 Program
                                            listing I.A.5.                                           isomeric structures have been
                                                                                                                                                           A. Statutory Requirements and
                                               Flammability information: MPHE is                     identified, comprising more than 99%
                                                                                                                                                           Authority for the SNAP Program
                                            not flammable.                                           of the material.
                                               Toxicity and exposure data: The                          You may find the redacted                             Section 612 of the CAA requires EPA
                                            toxicity information for this substitute is              submission in Docket item EPA–HQ–                     to develop a program for evaluating
                                            set forth in the ‘‘Toxicity and exposure                 OAR–2003–0118 at                                      alternatives to ozone-depleting
                                            data’’ section in listing I.A.5.                         www.regulations.gov under the name,                   substances. EPA refers to this program
                                               EPA anticipates that users will be able               ‘‘SNAP Information Notice for                         as the Significant New Alternatives
                                            to meet the manufacturer’s AEL of 500                    Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers                   Policy (SNAP) program. The major
                                            ppm on an 8-hour TWA and address                         (MPHE) Received July 2, 2012.’’ EPA                   provisions of section 612 are:
                                            potential health risks by following                      performed an assessment to examine the                1. Rulemaking
                                            requirements and recommendations in                      health and environmental risks of this
                                            the SDS and in any other safety                          substitute. This assessment is available                 Section 612(c) requires EPA to
                                            precautions common to the aerosol                        in docket EPA–HQ–OAR–2003–0118                        promulgate rules making it unlawful to
                                            solvent industry.                                        under the name, ‘‘Risk Screen on                      replace any class I substance (CFC,
                                               Comparison to other substitutes in                    Substitutes in Adhesives and Coatings                 halon, carbon tetrachloride, methyl
                                            this end-use: MPHE has an ODP of zero,                   Substitute:                                           chloroform, methyl bromide,
                                            comparable 31 to or lower than other                     Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers.’’                hydrobromofluorocarbon, and
                                            acceptable substitutes in this end-use.                     Environmental information: The                     chlorobromomethane) or class II
                                            MPHE’s GWP of 2.5 is lower than or                       environmental information for this                    substance (HCFC) with any substitute
                                            comparable to the GWP of other                           substitute is set forth in the                        that the Administrator determines may
                                            acceptable substitutes in the same end-                  ‘‘Environmental information’’ section in              present adverse effects to human health
                                            use, such as acetone, trans-1-chloro-                    listing I.A.5.                                        or the environment where the
                                            3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene, trans-1,2-                       Flammability information: MPHE is                  Administrator has identified an
                                            dichloroethylene, HFE–7100, and HFC-                     not flammable.                                        alternative that (1) reduces the overall
                                            4310mee with GWPs of 0.5, one to                            Toxicity and exposure data: The                    risk to human health and the
                                            seven,32 less than ten, 297, and 1,640,                  toxicity information for this substitute is           environment, and (2) is currently or
                                                                                                     set forth in the ‘‘Toxicity and exposure              potentially available.
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                                              31 In contrast, the historically used ODS methyl       data’’ section in listing I.A.5. EPA
                                            chloroform, CFC–113, HCFC–141b, HCFC–225ca               anticipates that users will be able to                  33 In contrast, the historically used ODS methyl

                                            and HCFC–225cb have ODPs ranging from 0.02 to            meet the manufacturer’s AEL of 500                    chloroform and HCFC–141b have ODPs respectively
                                            0.8.                                                                                                           of 0.1 and 0.11.
                                              32 Wang et al., 2011; Sulbaek Andersen et al.,         ppm on an 8-hour TWA and address                        34 Wang et al., 2011; Sulbaek Andersen et al.,

                                            2008; and Wang et al., undated; Hodnebrog et al.,        potential health risks by following                   2008; and Wang et al., undated; Hodnebrog et al.,
                                            2013. Op cit.                                            requirements and recommendations in                   2013. Op cit.



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                                                               Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations                                                     42061

                                            2. Listing of Unacceptable/Acceptable                    sectors are the following: refrigeration                82.180(b)).37 Use conditions and
                                            Substitutes                                              and air conditioning; foam blowing;                     narrowed use limits are both considered
                                               Section 612(c) requires EPA to                        solvents cleaning; fire suppression and                 ‘‘use restrictions’’ and are explained
                                            publish a list of the substitutes                        explosion protection; sterilants;                       below. Substitutes that are deemed
                                            unacceptable for specific uses and to                    aerosols; adhesives, coatings and inks;                 acceptable without use conditions may
                                            publish a corresponding list of                          and tobacco expansion. These sectors                    be used for all applications within the
                                            acceptable alternatives for specific uses.               comprise the principal industrial sectors               relevant end-uses within the sector and
                                            The list of ‘‘acceptable’’ substitutes is                that historically consumed the largest                  without limits under SNAP on how they
                                            found at www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/lists                    volumes of ODS.                                         may be used. Substitutes that are
                                            and the lists of ‘‘unacceptable,’’                         Section 612 of the CAA requires EPA                   acceptable subject to use restrictions
                                            ‘‘acceptable subject to use conditions,’’                to list as acceptable those substitutes                 may be used only in accordance with
                                            and ‘‘acceptable subject to narrowed use                 that do not present a significantly                     those restrictions. Substitutes that are
                                            limits’’ substitutes are found in the                    greater risk to human health and the                    found to be unacceptable may not be
                                            appendices to 40 CFR part 82 subpart G.                  environment as compared with other                      used after the date specified in the
                                                                                                     substitutes that are currently or                       rulemaking adding such substitute to
                                            3. Petition Process                                      potentially available.                                  the list of unacceptable substitutes.38
                                               Section 612(d) grants the right to any                C. How the Regulations for the SNAP                        After reviewing a substitute, the
                                            person to petition EPA to add a                          Program Work                                            Agency may make a determination that
                                            substance to, or delete a substance from,                                                                        a substitute is acceptable only if certain
                                            the lists published in accordance with                      Under the SNAP regulations, anyone                   conditions in the way that the substitute
                                            section 612(c). The Agency has 90 days                   who plans to market or produce a                        is used are met to minimize risks to
                                            to grant or deny a petition. Where the                   substitute to replace a class I substance               human health and the environment.
                                            Agency grants the petition, EPA must                     or class II substance in one of the eight               EPA describes such substitutes as
                                            publish the revised lists within an                      major industrial use sectors must                       ‘‘acceptable subject to use conditions.’’
                                            additional six months.                                   provide the Agency with notice and the                  Entities that use these substitutes
                                                                                                     required health and safety information                  without meeting the associated use
                                            4. 90-day Notification                                   on the substitute at least 90 days before               conditions are in violation of EPA’s
                                               Section 612(e) directs EPA to require                 introducing it into interstate commerce                 SNAP regulations (40 CFR 82.174(c)).
                                            any person who produces a chemical                       for significant new use as an alternative
                                                                                                                                                                For some substitutes, the Agency may
                                            substitute for a class I substance to                    (40 CFR 82.176(a)). While this
                                                                                                                                                             permit a narrowed range of use within
                                            notify the Agency not less than 90 days                  requirement typically applies to
                                                                                                                                                             an end-use or sector. For example, the
                                            before new or existing chemicals are                     chemical manufacturers as the entity
                                                                                                                                                             Agency may limit the use of a substitute
                                            introduced into interstate commerce for                  likely to be planning to introduce the
                                                                                                                                                             to certain end-uses or specific
                                            significant new uses as substitutes for a                substitute into interstate commerce,35 it
                                                                                                                                                             applications within an industry sector.
                                            class I substance. The producer must                     may also apply to importers,
                                                                                                                                                             The Agency requires a user of a
                                            also provide the Agency with the                         formulators, equipment manufacturers,
                                                                                                                                                             narrowed use substitute to demonstrate
                                            producer’s unpublished health and                        and end-users 36 when they are
                                                                                                                                                             that no other acceptable substitutes are
                                            safety studies on such substitutes.                      responsible for introducing a substitute
                                                                                                                                                             available for their specific application.
                                                                                                     into commerce. The 90-day SNAP
                                            5. Outreach                                                                                                      EPA describes these substitutes as
                                                                                                     review process begins once EPA
                                                                                                                                                             ‘‘acceptable subject to narrowed use
                                               Section 612(b)(1) states that the                     receives the submission and determines
                                                                                                                                                             limits.’’ A person using a substitute that
                                            Administrator shall seek to maximize                     that the submission includes complete
                                                                                                                                                             is acceptable subject to narrowed use
                                            the use of federal research facilities and               and adequate data (40 CFR 82.180(a)).
                                                                                                                                                             limits in applications and end-uses that
                                            resources to assist users of class I and                 The CAA and the SNAP regulations, 40
                                                                                                                                                             are not consistent with the narrowed
                                            II substances in identifying and                         CFR 82.174(a), prohibit use of a
                                                                                                                                                             use limit is using the substitute in
                                            developing alternatives to the use of                    substitute earlier than 90 days after
                                                                                                                                                             violation of section 612 of the CAA and
                                            such substances in key commercial                        notice has been provided to the agency.
                                                                                                        The Agency has identified four                       EPA’s SNAP regulations (40 CFR
                                            applications.
                                                                                                     possible decision categories for                        82.174(c)).
                                            6. Clearinghouse                                                                                                    The section 612 mandate for EPA to
                                                                                                     substitute submissions: Acceptable;
                                               Section 612(b)(4) requires the Agency                 acceptable subject to use conditions;                   prohibit the use of a substitute that may
                                            to set up a public clearinghouse of                      acceptable subject to narrowed use                      present risk to human health or the
                                            alternative chemicals, product                           limits; and unacceptable (40 CFR                        environment where a lower risk
                                            substitutes, and alternative                                                                                     alternative is available or potentially
                                            manufacturing processes that are                           35 As defined at 40 CFR 82.104, ‘‘interstate

                                            available for products and                               commerce’’ means the distribution or transportation       37 The SNAP regulations also include ‘‘pending,’’

                                            manufacturing processes which use                        of any product between one state, territory,            referring to submissions for which EPA has not
                                                                                                     possession or the District of Columbia, and another     reached a determination, under this provision.
                                            class I and II substances.                               state, territory, possession or the District of           38 As defined at 40 CFR 82.172, ‘‘use’’ means any
                                                                                                     Columbia, or the sale, use or manufacture of any        use of a substitute for a Class I or Class II ozone-
                                            B. EPA’s Regulations Implementing                        product in more than one state, territory, possession   depleting compound, including but not limited to
                                            Section 612                                              or District of Columbia. The entry points for which     use in a manufacturing process or product, in
                                               On March 18, 1994, EPA published                      a product is introduced into interstate commerce        consumption by the end-user, or in intermediate
                                                                                                     are the release of a product from the facility in       uses, such as formulation or packaging for other
                                            the initial SNAP rule (59 FR 13,044)
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                                                                                                     which the product was manufactured, the entry into      subsequent uses. This definition of use
                                            which established the process for                        a warehouse from which the domestic manufacturer        encompasses manufacturing process of products
                                            administering the SNAP program and                       releases the product for sale or distribution, and at   both for domestic use and for export. Substitutes
                                            issued EPA’s first lists identifying                     the site of United States Customs clearance.            manufactured within the United States exclusively
                                                                                                       36 As defined at 40 CFR 82.172, ‘‘end-use’’ means     for export are subject to SNAP requirements since
                                            acceptable and unacceptable substitutes                  processes or classes of specific applications within    the definition of use in the rule includes use in the
                                            in the major industrial use sectors                      major industrial sectors where a substitute is used     manufacturing process, which occurs within the
                                            (subpart G of 40 CFR part 82). These                     to replace an ODS.                                      United States.



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                                            42062               Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations

                                            available 39 provides EPA with the                       experience with and current knowledge                  include all other legal obligations
                                            authority to change the listing status of                about available and potentially available              pertaining to the use of the substitute.
                                            a particular substitute if such a change                 substitutes. Over time, the range of                   While the items listed are not legally
                                            is justified by new information or                       substitutes reviewed by SNAP has                       binding under the SNAP program, EPA
                                            changed circumstance.                                    changed, and, at the same time,                        encourages users of substitutes to apply
                                               As described in this document and                     scientific approaches have evolved to                  all statements in the ‘‘further
                                            elsewhere, including the initial SNAP                    more accurately assess the potential                   information’’ column in their use of
                                            rule published in the Federal Register at                environmental and human health                         these substitutes. In many instances, the
                                            59 FR 13,044 on March 18, 1994, the                      impacts of these chemicals and                         information simply refers to sound
                                            SNAP program evaluates substitutes                       alternative technologies. The Agency                   operating practices that have already
                                            within a comparative risk framework.                     publishes its SNAP program decisions                   been identified in existing industry and/
                                            The SNAP program compares new                            in the Federal Register. EPA uses                      or building codes or standards. Thus
                                            substitutes both to the ozone-depleting                  notice-and-comment rulemaking to                       many of the statements, if adopted,
                                            substances being phased out under the                    place any alternative on the list of                   would not require the affected user to
                                            Montreal Protocol on Substances that                     prohibited substitutes, to list a                      make significant changes in existing
                                            Deplete the Ozone Layer and the CAA,                     substitute as acceptable only subject to               operating practices.
                                            and to other available or potentially                    use conditions or narrowed use limits,
                                            available alternatives for the same end-                 or to remove a substitute from either the              D. Additional Information About the
                                            uses. The environmental and health risk                  list of prohibited or acceptable                       SNAP Program
                                            factors that the SNAP program considers                  substitutes.                                              For copies of the comprehensive
                                            include ozone depletion potential,                          In contrast, EPA publishes ‘‘notices of
                                                                                                                                                            SNAP lists of substitutes or additional
                                            flammability, toxicity, occupational and                 acceptability’’ or ‘‘determinations of
                                                                                                                                                            information on SNAP, refer to EPA’s
                                            consumer health and safety, as well as                   acceptability,’’ to notify the public of
                                                                                                                                                            Ozone Depletion Web site at:
                                            contributions to global warming and                      substitutes that are deemed acceptable
                                                                                                                                                            www.epa.gov/ozone/snap. For more
                                            other environmental factors.                             with no restrictions. As described in the
                                            Environmental and human health                           preamble to the rule initially                         information on the agency’s process for
                                            exposures can vary significantly                         implementing the SNAP program (59 FR                   administering the SNAP program or
                                            depending on the particular application                  13,044; March 18, 1994), EPA does not                  criteria for evaluation of substitutes,
                                            of a substitute—and over time,                           believe that rulemaking procedures are                 refer to the SNAP final rulemaking
                                            information applicable to a substitute                   necessary to list alternatives that are                published March 18, 1994 (59 FR
                                            can change. This approach does not                       acceptable without restrictions because                13,044), codified at 40 CFR part 82,
                                            imply fundamental tradeoffs with                         such listings neither impose any                       subpart G. A complete chronology of
                                            respect to different types of risk, either               sanction nor prevent anyone from using                 SNAP decisions and the appropriate
                                            to the environment or to human health.                   a substitute.                                          citations are found at: www.epa.gov/
                                            Over the past twenty years, the menu of                     Many SNAP listings include                          ozone/snap/chron.html.
                                            substitutes has become much broader                      ‘‘comments’’ or ‘‘further information’’ to             List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 82
                                            and a great deal of new information has                  provide additional information on
                                            been developed on many substitutes.                      substitutes. Since this additional                       Environmental protection,
                                            Because the overall goal of the SNAP                     information is not part of the regulatory              Administrative practice and procedure,
                                            program is to ensure that substitutes                    decision, these statements are not                     Air pollution control, Reporting and
                                            listed as acceptable do not pose                         binding for use of the substitute under                recordkeeping requirements.
                                            significantly greater risk to human                      the SNAP program. However, regulatory                    Dated: July 2, 2015.
                                            health and the environment than other                    requirements so listed are binding under               Sarah Dunham,
                                            available substitutes, the SNAP criteria                 other regulatory programs (e.g., worker
                                                                                                                                                            Director, Office of Atmospheric Programs.
                                            should be informed by our current                        protection regulations promulgated by
                                            overall understanding of environmental                   OSHA). The ‘‘further information’’                     Appendix A: Summary of Decisions for
                                            and human health impacts and our                         classification does not necessarily                    New Acceptable Substitutes

                                                                                                    REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING
                                                      End-Use                         Substitute               Decision                                     Further information 1

                                            Vending machines (new            R-450A (Solstice® N-13)        Acceptable       R-450A has a 100-year global warming potential (GWP) of approximately
                                              equipment).                                                                      600. This substitute is a blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as
                                                                                                                               1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-
                                                                                                                               1234ze(E), which is also known as trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene
                                                                                                                               (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24–9).
                                                                                                                             This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                                                             The American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) has established
                                                                                                                               workplace environmental exposure limits (WEELs) of 1,000 ppm and
                                                                                                                               800 ppm (8-hr time weighted average (TWA)) for HFC-134a and HFO-
                                                                                                                               1234ze(E), respectively. The manufacturer recommends an acceptable
                                                                                                                               exposure limit (AEL) for the workplace for R-450A of 880 ppm (8-hr
                                                                                                                               TWA).
tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES




                                                                                                                             EPA previously listed this refrigerant as acceptable for use in retrofit vend-
                                                                                                                               ing machine equipment.

                                              39 In addition to acceptable commercially              available ’’ is ‘‘any alternative for which adequate   agency reasonably believes to be technically
                                            available substitutes, the SNAP program may              health, safety, and environmental data, as required    feasible, even if not all testing has yet been
                                            consider potentially available substitutes. The          for the SNAP notification process, exist to make a     completed and the alternative is not yet produced
                                            SNAP program’s definition of ‘‘potentially               determination of acceptability, and which the          or sold.’’ (40 CFR 82.172)



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                                                               Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations                                          42063

                                                                                               REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING—Continued
                                                     End-Use                          Substitute                Decision                                    Further information 1

                                            Commercial ice machines          R-448A (Solstice® N-40)         Acceptable       R-448A has a 100-yr GWP of approximately 1,390. This substitute is a
                                              (new and retrofit equip-                                                          blend of HFC-32, which is also known as difluoromethane (CAS Reg.
                                              ment).                                                                            No. 75–10–5); HFC-125, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2-
                                                                                                                                pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354–33–6); HFC-134a, which is also
                                                                                                                                known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); HFO-
                                                                                                                                1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-prop-l-ene (CAS Reg.
                                                                                                                                No. 754–12–1); and HFO-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans-
                                                                                                                                1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24–9).
                                                                                                                              The blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32,
                                                                                                                                HFC-125, and HFC-134a; 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf; and 800 ppm for
                                                                                                                                HFO-1234ze(E). The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the work-
                                                                                                                                place for R-448A of 890 ppm (8-hr TWA).
                                            Refrigerated transport           R-448A (Solstice® N-40)         Acceptable       R-448A has a 100-yr GWP of approximately 1,390. This substitute is a
                                              (new and retrofit equip-                                                          blend of HFC-32, which is also known as difluoromethane (CAS Reg.
                                              ment).                                                                            No. 75–10–5); HFC-125, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2-
                                                                                                                                pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354–33–6); HFC-134a, which is also
                                                                                                                                known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2), HFO-
                                                                                                                                1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-prop-l-ene (CAS Reg.
                                                                                                                                No. 754–12–1); and HFO-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans-
                                                                                                                                1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24–9).
                                                                                                                              The blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32,
                                                                                                                                HFC-125, and HFC-134a; 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf; and 800 ppm for
                                                                                                                                HFO-1234ze(E). The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the work-
                                                                                                                                place for R-448A of 890 ppm (8-hr TWA).
                                            Retail food refrigeration        R-448A (Solstice® N-40)         Acceptable       R-448A has a 100-yr GWP of approximately 1,387. This substitute is a
                                              (new and retrofit super-                                                          blend of HFC-32, which is also known as difluoromethane (CAS Reg.
                                              market systems and re-                                                            No. 75–10–5); HFC-125, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2-
                                              mote condensing units,                                                            pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354–33–6); HFC-134a, which is also
                                              and new and retrofit                                                              known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); HFO-
                                              low-temperature 3                                                                 1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-prop-l-ene (CAS Reg.
                                             stand-alone equipment                                                              No. 754–12–1); and HFO-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans-
                                             only).                                                                             1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118–24–9).
                                                                                                                              The blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32,
                                                                                                                                HFC-125, and HFC-134a; 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf; and 800 ppm for
                                                                                                                                HFO-1234ze(E). The manufacturer recommends an AEL for the work-
                                                                                                                                place for R-448A of 890 ppm (8-hr TWA).
                                            Centrifugal chillers (new        R-513A (Opteon® XP              Acceptable       R-513A has a 100-year global warming potential (GWP) of approximately
                                              and retrofit equipment).         10).                                             630. This substitute is a blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as
                                                                                                                                1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                                                                                which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                                                                                754–12–1).
                                                                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                                                                                for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer rec-
                                                                                                                                ommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA).
                                            Cold storage warehouses          R-513A (Opteon® XP              Acceptable       R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a
                                              (new and retrofit equip-         10).                                             blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
                                              ment).                                                                            (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                                                                                2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1).
                                                                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                                                                                for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer rec-
                                                                                                                                ommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA).
                                            Commercial ice machines          R-513A (Opteon® XP              Acceptable       R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a
                                              (new and retrofit equip-         10).                                             blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
                                              ment).                                                                            (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                                                                                2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1).
                                                                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                                                                                for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer rec-
                                                                                                                                ommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA).
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                                            42064              Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations

                                                                                               REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING—Continued
                                                     End-Use                          Substitute                Decision                                    Further information 1

                                            Household refrigerators          R-513A (Opteon® XP              Acceptable       R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a
                                              and freezers (new and            10).                                             blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
                                              retrofit equipment).                                                              (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                                                                                2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1).
                                                                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                                                                                for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer rec-
                                                                                                                                ommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA).
                                            Industrial process air con-      R-513A (Opteon® XP              Acceptable       R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a
                                              ditioning (new and ret-          10).                                             blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
                                              rofit equipment).                                                                 (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                                                                                2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1).
                                                                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                                                                                for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer rec-
                                                                                                                                ommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA).
                                            Industrial process refrig-       R-513A (Opteon® XP              Acceptable       R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a
                                              eration (new and retrofit        10).                                             blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
                                              equipment).                                                                       (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                                                                                2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1).
                                                                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                                                                                for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer rec-
                                                                                                                                ommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA).
                                            Reciprocating, screw and         R-513A (Opteon® XP              Acceptable       R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a
                                              scroll chillers (new and         10).                                             blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
                                              retrofit equipment).                                                              (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf which is also known as
                                                                                                                                2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1).
                                                                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                                                                                for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer rec-
                                                                                                                                ommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA).
                                            Refrigerated transport           R-513A (Opteon® XP              Acceptable       R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a
                                              (new and retrofit equip-         10).                                             blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
                                              ment).                                                                            (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                                                                                2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1).
                                                                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                                                                                for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer rec-
                                                                                                                                ommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA).
                                            Retail food refrigeration  R-513A (Opteon® XP                    Acceptable       R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a
                                              (new and retrofit super-   10).                                                   blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
                                              market systems and re-                                                            (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as
                                              mote condensing units,                                                            2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1).
                                              and new and retrofit                                                            This blend is nonflammable.
                                              low-temperature 2 and                                                           The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                              medium-temperature 3                                                              for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer rec-
                                              stand-alone equipment)..                                                          ommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA).
                                            Vending machines (new      R-513A (Opteon® XP                    Acceptable       R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a
                                              and retrofit equipment).   10).                                                   blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
                                                                                                                                (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                                                                                2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1).
                                                                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                                                                                for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer rec-
                                                                                                                                ommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA).
                                            Water coolers (new and           R-513A (Opteon® XP              Acceptable       R-513A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 630. This substitute is a
                                             retrofit equipment).              10).                                             blend of HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
                                                                                                                                (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and HFO-1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                                                                                2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754–12–1).
                                                                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                                                                                for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively. The manufacturer rec-
                                                                                                                                ommends an AEL for the workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm (8-hr TWA).
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                                                                Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations                                          42065

                                                                                               REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING—Continued
                                                     End-Use                          Substitute                Decision                                    Further information 1

                                            Commercial ice machines          R-449A (Opteon® XP              Acceptable       R-449A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 1,400. This substitute is a
                                              (new and retrofit equip-         40).                                             blend of HFC-32, which is also known as difluoromethane (CAS Reg.
                                              ment).                                                                            No. 75–10–5); HFC-125, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2-
                                                                                                                                pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354–33–6); HFC-134a, which is also
                                                                                                                                known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and
                                                                                                                                HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS
                                                                                                                                Reg. No. 754–12–1).
                                                                                                                              The blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32,
                                                                                                                                HFC-125, and HFC-134a; and 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf. The manufac-
                                                                                                                                turer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-449A of 830 ppm (8-
                                                                                                                                hr TWA).
                                            Refrigerated transport           R-449A (Opteon® XP              Acceptable       R-449A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 1,400. This substitute is a
                                              (new and retrofit equip-         40).                                             blend of HFC-32, which is also known as difluoromethane (CAS Reg.
                                              ment).                                                                            No. 75–10–5); HFC-125, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2-
                                                                                                                                pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354–33–6); HFC-134a, which is also
                                                                                                                                known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and
                                                                                                                                HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS
                                                                                                                                Reg. No. 754–12–1).
                                                                                                                              The blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32,
                                                                                                                                HFC-125, and HFC-134a; and 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf. The manufac-
                                                                                                                                turer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-449A of 830 ppm (8-
                                                                                                                                hr TWA).
                                            Retail food refrigeration        R-449A (Opteon® XP              Acceptable       R-449A has a 100-year GWP of approximately 1,400. This substitute is a
                                              (new and retrofit super-         40).                                             blend of HFC-32, which is also known as difluoromethane (CAS Reg.
                                              market systems remote                                                             No. 75–10–5); HFC-125, which is also known as 1,1,1,2,2-
                                              condensing units, and                                                             pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354–33–6); HFC-134a, which is also
                                              new and retrofit low-                                                             known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811–97–2); and
                                              temperature 2 stand-                                                              HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS
                                             alone equipment only).                                                             Reg. No. 754–12–1).
                                                                                                                              The blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32,
                                                                                                                                HFC-125, and HFC-134a; and 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf. The manufac-
                                                                                                                                turer recommends an AEL for the workplace for R-449A of 830 ppm (8-
                                                                                                                                hr TWA).
                                            Non-mechanical heat              Methoxytridecafluorohe-         Acceptable       MPHE has a 100-year GWP of approximately 2.5. MPHE is a mixture of
                                              transfer (new and ret-          ptene isomers (MPHE;                              structural and stereo isomers, which includes trans-5-methoxy-perfluoro-
                                              rofit equipment).               SineraTM).                                        3-heptene and eight isomeric structures.
                                                                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                                                              The manufacturer recommends an AEL of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for
                                                                                                                                MPHE.
                                               1 Observe recommendations in the manufacturer’s SDS and guidance for all listed refrigerants.
                                                                  refers to equipment that maintains food or beverages at temperatures at or below 32 °F (0 °C). See appendix U to 40
                                               2 ‘‘Low-temperature’’
                                            CFR part 82, subpart G.
                                              3 ‘‘Medium-temperature’’ refers to equipment that maintains food or beverages at temperatures above 32 °F (0 °C). See appendix U to 40 CFR
                                            part 82, subpart G.

                                                                                                                       FOAM BLOWING
                                                      End-use                         Substitute                Decision                                    Further information 1

                                            Rigid polyurethane spray         HFO-1336mzz(Z) ((Z)-            Acceptable       HFO-1336mzz(Z) (CAS Reg. No. 692–49–9) has no ozone depletion po-
                                              foam (high-pressure,            1,1,1,4,4,4-                                      tential (ODP) and a 100-year GWP of roughly nine.
                                              two-part uses only)..           hexafluorobut-2-ene;                            This compound is nonflammable.
                                                                              cis-1,1,1,4,4,4,-                               The WEEL committee of the Occupational Alliance for Risk Science rec-
                                                                              hexafluorobut-2-ene;                              ommends a WEEL for the workplace of 500 ppm on an 8-hour TWA for
                                                                              FEA–1100; Formacel®                               HFO-1336mzz(Z).
                                                                              1100).

                                                                                                                       Solvent Cleaning

                                            Electronics cleaning, met-       Methoxytridecafluorohe-         Acceptable       MPHE has a 100-year GWP of approximately 2.5. MPHE is a mixture of
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                                              als cleaning, precision         ptene isomers (MPHE;                              structural and stereo isomers, which includes trans-5-methoxy-perfluoro-
                                              cleaning.                       SionTM).                                          3-heptene and eight isomeric structures.
                                                                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                                                              The manufacturer recommends an AEL of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for
                                                                                                                                MPHE.




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                                            42066                   Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 136 / Thursday, July 16, 2015 / Rules and Regulations

                                                                                                                 FOAM BLOWING—Continued
                                                        End-use                            Substitute               Decision                                    Further information 1

                                                                                                                               Aerosols

                                            Solvent .............................   Methoxytridecafluorohe-      Acceptable       MPHE has a 100-year GWP of approximately 2.5. MPHE is a mixture of
                                                                                     ptene isomers                                  structural and stereo isomers, which includes trans-5-methoxy-perfluoro-
                                                                                     (MPHE).                                        3-heptene and eight isomeric structures.
                                                                                                                                  This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                                                                  The manufacturer recommends an AEL of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for
                                                                                                                                    MPHE.

                                                                                                                  Adhesives, Coatings, and Inks

                                            Adhesives, coatings .........           Methoxytridecafluorohe-      Acceptable       MPHE has a 100-year GWP of approximately 2.5. MPHE is a mixture of
                                                                                     ptene isomers (MPHE;                           structural and stereo isomers, which includes trans-5-methoxy-perfluoro-
                                                                                     SuprionTM).                                    3-heptene and eight isomeric structures.
                                                                                                                                  This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                                                                                  The manufacturer recommends an AEL of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for
                                                                                                                                    MPHE.
                                               1 Observe     recommendations in the manufacturer’s SDS and guidance for the listed substitute.


                                            [FR Doc. 2015–17469 Filed 7–15–15; 8:45 am]                   SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:      NEH is                  Authority: 5 U.S.C. 552, 31 U.S.C. 3717,
                                            BILLING CODE 6560–50–P                                        making technical amendments to its                    E.O. 12600.
                                                                                                          FOIA regulations published at 45 CFR                  § 1171.5    [Amended]
                                                                                                          part 1171 to correct its address as a
                                            NATIONAL FOUNDATION ON THE                                    result of an office move. The former                  ■  2. Section 1171.5 is amended in
                                            ARTS AND HUMANITIES                                           street address was: 1100 Pennsylvania                 paragraphs (c)(1) by removing ‘‘1100
                                                                                                          Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20506. The                   Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Room 529,
                                            National Endowment for the                                    new street address is: 400 7th Street                 Washington, DC, 20506’’ and adding in
                                            Humanities                                                    SW., Washington, DC 20506. The                        its place ‘‘400 7th Street SW., Room
                                                                                                          amendments also correct all room                      4060, Washington, DC, 20506’’, and in
                                            45 CFR Part 1171                                              numbers affected by the office move. All              paragraph (c)(2) by removing ‘‘1100
                                                                                                          other contact information remains the                 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Room 419,
                                            Change of Address                                             same.                                                 Washington, DC, 20506’’ and adding in
                                            AGENCY:  National Endowment for the                              Publication of this document                       its place ‘‘400 7th Street SW., Room
                                            Humanities, National Foundation on the                        constitutes final action of these changes             2200, Washington, DC 20506’’.
                                            Arts and Humanities.                                          under the Administrative Procedure Act
                                                                                                                                                                § 1171.10    [Amended]
                                            ACTION: Final rule; technical                                 (5 U.S.C. 553). NEH has determined that
                                            amendments.                                                   notice and public comment are                         ■  3. Section 1171.10 is amended in
                                                                                                          unnecessary in this case because these                paragraph (a) by removing ‘‘1100
                                            SUMMARY:   The National Endowment for                         amendments are nonsubstantive and                     Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Room 503,
                                            the Humanities (NEH) is amending its                          editorial in nature.                                  Washington, DC, 20506’’ and adding in
                                            Freedom of Information Act (FOIA)
                                                                                                          List of Subjects in 45 CFR Part 1171                  its place ‘‘400 7th Street SW., Room
                                            regulations to reflect changes to its
                                                                                                                                                                4053, Washington, DC, 20506’’, and by
                                            address as a result of an office move.                          Administrative practice and                         removing ‘‘1100 Pennsylvania Ave.
                                            These amendments are nonsubstantive,                          procedure, Freedom of Information.                    NW., Room 419, Washington, DC,
                                            editorial in nature, and are intended to
                                                                                                            Therefore, 45 CFR 1171 is amended as                20506’’ and adding in its place ‘‘400 7th
                                            improve the accuracy of the regulations
                                                                                                          follows:                                              Street SW., Room 2200, Washington,
                                            of NEH.
                                                                                                                                                                DC, 20506’’.
                                            DATES: Effective July 16, 2015.                               PART 1171—PUBLIC ACCESS TO NEH
                                            FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
                                                                                                                                                                  Dated: July 1, 2015.
                                                                                                          RECORDS UNDER THE FREEDOM OF
                                            Lisette Voyatzis, Deputy General                                                                                    Michael McDonald,
                                                                                                          INFORMATION ACT
                                            Counsel, National Endowment for the                                                                                 General Counsel.
                                            Humanities, 400 7th Street SW., Room                          ■ 1. The authority citation for part 1171             [FR Doc. 2015–16844 Filed 7–15–15; 8:45 am]
                                            4060, Washington, DC 20506.                                   continues to read as follows:                         BILLING CODE 7536–01–P
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Document Created: 2015-12-15 13:13:37
Document Modified: 2015-12-15 13:13:37
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionRules and Regulations
ActionDetermination of acceptability.
DatesThis determination is effective on July 16, 2015.
ContactGerald Wozniak by telephone at (202) 343-9624, by email at [email protected], or by mail at U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Code 6205T, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20460. Overnight or courier deliveries should be sent to the office location at 1201 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20004.
FR Citation80 FR 42053 
RIN Number2060-AG12
CFR AssociatedEnvironmental Protection; Administrative Practice and Procedure; Air Pollution Control and Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements

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