80 FR 45620 - Eligibility and Standards for Peace Corps Volunteer Service
PEACE CORPS Federal Register Volume 80, Issue 147 (July 31, 2015)
Federal Register Volume 80, Issue 147 (July 31, 2015)
| Page Range | 45620-45627 | |
| FR Document | 2015-18789 |
[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 147 (Friday, July 31, 2015)] [Proposed Rules] [Pages 45620-45627] From the Federal Register Online [www.thefederalregister.org] [FR Doc No: 2015-18789] ======================================================================= ----------------------------------------------------------------------- PEACE CORPS 22 CFR Part 305 RIN 0420-AA26 Eligibility and Standards for Peace Corps Volunteer Service AGENCY: Peace Corps. ACTION: Proposed rule. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY: This proposed regulation would restate and update the requirements for eligibility for Peace Corps Volunteer service, and the factors considered in the assessment and selection of eligible applicants for training and service. The requirements and factors for eligibility and selection were last published in 1984. A revision of the regulation is necessary to conform to changes in Federal laws and regulations, particularly with respect to those prohibiting discrimination on the basis of disability, and to reflect policy changes made by the Peace Corps. DATES: Comments due on or before August 31, 2015. ADDRESSES: Address all comments to Anthony F. Marra, Associate General Counsel, Peace Corps, 1111 20th Street NW., Washington, DC 20526. Comments may also be sent electronically to the following email address: [email protected]. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Colin Jones, Office of the General Counsel, Policy and Program Analyst, 1111 20th Street NW., Washington, DC 20526, and 202-692-2164. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Under the Peace Corps Act (22 U.S.C. 2501 et seq.), the Peace Corps is authorized to enroll qualified US citizens and nationals as Volunteers to serve abroad, under conditions of hardship if necessary, (i) to help the people of interested countries meet their need for trained personnel, particularly in meeting the basic needs of those living in the poorest areas of such countries, (ii) to help promote a better understanding of the American people on the part of the people served, and (iii) to help promote a better understanding of other peoples on the part of the American people. The Peace Corps is authorized to establish the terms and conditions of enrollment of Volunteers, as well as the terms and conditions of service. The proposed rule would revise and update rules concerning eligibility and selection standards for Peace Corps Volunteer service, which were last published in the Federal Register over 30 years ago (49 FR 38939, October 2, 1984), and entered into effect November 1, 1984, and currently appear at 22 CFR part 305. Request for Comments The Peace Corps invites public comment on all aspects of this proposed rule and will take those comments into account before publishing a final rule. The proposed rule would make the following changes: (1) Introduction. The current introductory section (22 CFR 305.1) would be revised to provide new definitions for the three stages (Applicant, Trainee, and Volunteer) that an individual who is interested in service as a Volunteer passes through. It would also provide a definition of the term ``enrollment'', which is used in connection with an individual's service as a Volunteer. The section would include a general statement explaining the process the Peace Corps follows in the selection of Volunteers, as well as to provide notice to applicants regarding the importance of submitting complete and accurate information in the application process. The section would eliminate the recitation of the various anti-discrimination statutes that the Peace Corps is obligated to follow and replace it with a clear statement that the Peace Corps does not discriminate on various grounds in the selection of Volunteers. The section advises that applicants may be disqualified, and Volunteers and Trainees may be separated, if the Peace Corps determines they provided materially false, misleading, inaccurate or incomplete information during the Peace Corps application process. (2) Eligibility. The eligibility section (22 CFR 305.2) would be simplified to cover only the existing citizenship and age criteria for Volunteer applicants. Other eligibility factors in the current Sec. 305.2 would be moved to succeeding sections, where they would be updated and expanded. (3) Selection Standards. A revised Sec. 305.3 would incorporate the selection factors that currently appear in Sec. 305.4. The revision would restate the current attributes that an applicant must meet for Volunteer service, with a little more detail. It would also revise the description of the various personal attributes that are taken into account when evaluating applicants. The revised Sec. 305.3 would explain that the Peace Corps assesses each applicant's personal, professional, educational, and legal qualifications in order to select those applicants most likely to be successful in a Peace Corps assignment, serving under conditions of hardship if necessary, to achieve the goals of the Peace Corps. Meeting the several qualifications would not in and of itself entitle any individual to serve in the [[Page 45621]] Peace Corps, because the revision would state that the Peace Corps endeavors to select the best qualified individuals from among all eligible applicants. (4) Medical Status. The revised part 305 would create a new Sec. 305.4 that replaces the provision on the medical qualifications of applicants that currently appears in Sec. 305.2. The revised section implements, in relation to applications for Volunteer service, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act. It states that an applicant must have the physical and mental capacity required to meet the essential eligibility requirements for a Volunteer and sets out those essential eligibility requirements, which include the capability to (i) live and work independently in an isolated location overseas at the same socio- economic level and in similar conditions as members of the community to which the applicant is assigned; (ii) perform the job to which the applicant is assigned; and (iii) complete a specified tour of service without undue disruption due to health problems. It also requires that, in order for an applicant to be medically qualified for Volunteer service, the Peace Corps must have the capability to provide necessary or appropriate health care for the applicant. It includes a requirement that the Peace Corps consider reasonable accommodations in determining whether an applicant has the physical and mental capacity required to meet the essential eligibility requirements for a Volunteer and whether the Peace Corps has the capability to provide necessary or appropriate health care for the applicant. A new provision provides that an applicant must not pose a direct threat, which is defined as a significant risk to the health and safety of others that cannot be eliminated by reasonable accommodation, removal of architectural, communication or transportation barriers or the provision of auxiliary aids or services. The proposed revisions include a requirement that an applicant's medical eligibility be based on an individualized assessment of the factors applicable to reasonable medical accommodations. An applicant determined not to be medically qualified for Volunteer service would have a right to obtain a further review of the determination by a physician and, ultimately, by a review panel. The review panel would provide an applicant, who has been medically disqualified, with an opportunity to have a further review of that decision. The review panel is currently composed of at least five people; at least one is a physician and four other health care professional on the staff of the Office of Medical Services. In any case involving review of issues of mental health, at least one professional staff person from the Counseling and Outreach Unit also participates as a voting member of the review panel. The decision of the review panel constitutes a final agency action and is not subject to further appeal. (5) Legal Status. A new Sec. 305.5 would change the eligibility qualifications for an applicant who is on parole or probation, currently covered in Sec. 305.2(d), and reframe the eligibility standard in terms the existence of an arrest or conviction record. The revision provides the Peace Corps with greater flexibility to consider the nature of the offense, how long ago the offense occurred, whether the applicant was acquitted of the offense, the terms of any applicable parole or probation, and other relevant facts or indications of rehabilitation. Specific standards would be established for drug and alcohol related offenses. An applicant rejected because of an arrest or conviction would have a right to have a review of the rejection by a more senior Peace Corps official outside of the office that made the original eligibility determination. It would also eliminate the requirement that an applicant not have any court established financial or other obligation that cannot be satisfied or postponed during a Peace Corps service period. (6) Intelligence Background. The Peace Corps has a longstanding policy to exclude from Volunteer service individuals who have engaged in intelligence activity or related work or who have been employed by or connected with an intelligence agency, either for a specific period of time or permanently (depending on the agency). This policy is founded on the premise that it is crucial to the Peace Corps in carrying out its mission that there be a complete and total separation of the Peace Corps from the intelligence activities of the United States Government or any foreign government, both in reality and appearance. The current regulation contains a one-sentence statement in Sec. 305.2(e) regarding the eligibility of applicants having a background with an intelligence agency or intelligence activities. It refers applicants to provisions of the Peace Corps Manual for more details. The new Sec. 305.6 is intended to provide greater transparency for applicants regarding this policy. The policy covers both employment (defined broadly) by an intelligence agency and engagement in intelligence activities. It applies to an employee of an intelligence agency even if the employee was not engaged in intelligence activities for the intelligence agency. An applicant who was employed by an intelligence agency (other than the CIA) or engaged in intelligence activities is barred from Peace Corps service for a minimum of 10 years. An applicant who was employed by the CIA is barred from Peace Corps service permanently. The policy also applies to applicants whose background discloses a relationship to an intelligence agency or intelligence activity, but who was not employed by an intelligence agency or engaged in intelligence activities. Such a relationship might be one based on familial, personal or financial connections to an intelligence agency or intelligence activities. In these cases, the period of ineligibility will be determined by the General Counsel based on a number of stated factors. Serious doubts about an applicant's connection with intelligence agencies or activities are to be resolved in favor of exclusion. An applicant rejected based on an intelligence background criteria has a right to appeal the rejection to the Peace Corps Director. (7) Special Circumstances. A new Sec. 305.7 addresses special circumstances involving some applicants, which are now covered in Sec. 305.2(f), (g) and (h). The current Sec. 305.2(f) places restrictions on Peace Corps Volunteer service for applicants who are married and who wish to serve without their spouse. These restrictions have been removed as they are no longer relevant to eligibility for Volunteer service. In addition, a new Section 305.7(a) expressly provides that two applicants who are married or are in a same sex or opposite sex domestic partnership or committed relationship may apply to serve together. This codifies in regulation the Peace Corps policy on placement of couples, including its recent policy to accept same-sex and opposite-sex couple applicants on an equal basis whether married, or unmarried and in a committed relationship/domestic partnership. The current Sec. 305.2(g) places restrictions on the ability of an applicant who has dependent children under the age of 18 to serve as a Peace Corps Volunteer. These restrictions have been removed because they are not relevant to the ability of an individual to serve as a Volunteer. However, a new provision has been added that generally prohibits dependents and other family members from accompanying a Volunteer during service. This provision permits the Peace Corps to make exceptions from time to time either on [[Page 45622]] a case-by-case basis or for particular categories of Volunteers to the extent permitted by Federal law. The current policy on military service obligations of applicants contained in Sec. 305.2(h) would continue in Sec. 305.7(c), but the written statement from a commanding officer would no longer be required. (8) Background Investigation. Section 22 of the Peace Corps Act requires that applicants be investigated to ensure that their assignment ``is consistent with the national interest.'' The Peace Corps currently satisfies this statutory requirement under Sec. 305.3, which requires a National Agency Check (NAC) and background investigation for all applicants. A NAC is a clearance conducted by the Federal Investigations Services of the U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) and is the minimum clearance required for all civilian Federal employees. Peace Corps has required that Volunteer applicants be cleared through a NAC investigation for many years, in large part because it was initially the only feasible way to comply with Section 22 of the Peace Corps Act. However, there are now other commercial, non- governmental investigative entities, approved by the Government Services Administration, which can provide equivalent clearance services for Volunteer applicants. The proposed revision of part 305 includes a new Sec. 305.8, replacing the current Sec. 305.3. It retains the requirement that all applicants accepted for training have an appropriate background investigation completed before they can be enrolled as Volunteers. However, it does not specify that the background investigation be OPM's Federal Investigations Services background investigation for Federal employment positions. This change would give Peace Corps flexibility to use other contractors to conduct background investigations, as well OPM's Federal Investigative Services. Statement of Effects Executive Order 12866 The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) has reviewed the proposed regulatory action under Executive Order 12866 and has determined that it is a significant regulatory action within the meaning of the Executive Order. Consequently, the Peace Corps is providing an explanation of the need for the regulatory action and an assessment of the potential costs and benefits of the regulatory action. (1) Need for Regulatory Action. Under Section 5(a) of the Peace Corps Act (22 U.S.C. 2504(a)), the Peace Corps is entitled to enroll qualified citizens and nationals into Peace Corps service and is delegated authority to establish the terms and conditions of enrollment. The Peace Corps last published its terms and conditions of enrollment in 1984 and those rules are outdated and need to reflect current laws and policies that have been implemented over the past 30 years. In addition, the structure of the current regulation needs to be revised to simplify the description of the information required in order to apply to the Peace Corps, as well as the explanation of the Peace Corps selection process as described in the Supplementary Information section. (2) Potential Costs and Benefits. It is difficult to precisely quantify the costs and benefits of the proposed regulation that is designed to reflect current law and regulations and to make it easier for American citizens to apply for service as a Peace Corps Volunteer. However, the Peace Corps has concluded that the current regulatory structure, and the accompanying application form, is seen as a daunting, confusing and time-consuming process, which has discouraged many Americans who might otherwise be interested in and well-qualified for Volunteer service. The proposed regulation will improve the possibility of the most suitable candidates being selected as a Volunteer, decrease the barriers to service and broaden the rights of applicants. This will be a substantial benefit to all Americans who want to serve as Volunteers, as well as being a benefit to the Peace Corps which is interested in creating a large, diverse pool of qualified, suitable candidates to serve abroad as Volunteers. The Peace Corps estimates that agency staff will spend less time reviewing each individual application, because the application itself will be shorter. For 2015, the Peace Corps anticipates that use of the new application will result in a savings of $23.16 per application, compared to the former application. With 22,000 expected applications for the year, the new application is expected to provide a savings of $509,520 resulting from the reduction in staff time spent reviewing applications. However, the agency expects that the total number of completed applications will increase, and that the agency will not realize immediate cost savings from these changes. The current regulation lists nine factors as relevant to the determination of eligibility. These factors include citizenship, age, medical status, legal status, intelligence background, marital status, dependents, military service, and failure to disclose requested information. This listing combines factors that are basic, clear-cut requirements for Peace Corps service, such as the citizenship requirement (under the Peace Corps Act only citizens and nationals can be Volunteers), along with factors that are more relevant to whether an applicant is suitable for Volunteer service or has the requisite qualifications to serve as a Volunteer, which involve more judgmental and situational issues. As a result, the Peace Corps has found that many potential applicants, after reviewing the nine requirements, make self-judgments that they are not eligible to apply for Volunteer service. In addition, the application form that had been in use until June 30, 2014 was over 61 Web pages long and took approximately eight hours to complete. This was an added deterrence to many potential applicants. Approximately 75 percent of the annual 40,000 individuals who started the application never finished it due to its length and density. The Peace Corps has recently introduced a new application, which is 9 Web pages rather than the former 61 pages. It is estimated that each applicant will save approximately 7 hours with the shorter application form. The shorter application will clearly benefit applicants, because it will result in a reduced paperwork burden on applicants. The Peace Corps estimates that the shorter application form will result in a savings to the public of approximately $5,840,000. This is based on: (i) An assumed hourly wage equivalent of $37.94 derived from the median wage earnings, including overhead and benefits, for persons age 25 or over who have attained a bachelor's degree; (ii) the reduction of 7 hours spent on the application; and (iii) 22,000 applications in 2015. The shorter application should also increase the pool of individuals who complete an application from the current 10,000 per year to over 20,000 per year. Although the Peace Corps is able to simplify the application form without regard to a regulatory change, the new regulation is needed to accurately reflect the current laws and policies that relate to the Volunteer selection process. The proposed regulatory action addresses deficiencies in the current regulation that have deterred potential applicants and reduced the applicant pool. The proposed regulation specifies only two baseline eligibility requirements for applying to the Peace Corps. An applicant must be a citizen or national of the United States and at least 18 years of age. The proposed regulation clearly [[Page 45623]] enumerates the suitability and qualification standards that are used by the Peace Corps in determining who should be invited to enroll as a Volunteer. It explains that an applicant must demonstrate suitability for Peace Corps service generally and for the particular assignment for which the applicant is being considered. It describes the medical qualifications that are applied, taking into account Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. The proposed regulation gives the Peace Corps greater flexibility in accepting applicants with arrest or conviction records. It provides a more complete description of how the Peace Corps considers applicants who have worked for intelligence agencies or engaged in intelligence activities. The current regulation merely says that an applicant with an intelligence background may be disqualified, without an explanation of the criteria for disqualification in the regulation. As a result, applicants may initiate and complete the lengthy application process only to be informed that they are not eligible for Volunteer service because of having worked for intelligence agencies or having engaged in intelligence activities. Other applicants may be deterred from applying because they think that any connection to an intelligence background disqualifies an applicant. By explaining the intelligence background criteria front-end, applicants will be more informed about whether they meet Peace Corps selection standards and whether it is worth their time to initiate the application process. The proposed regulation also reflects the new policy of the Peace Corps to accept same sex and opposite sex couple applicants on an equal basis whether married or unmarried in a committed relationship. It removes some of the restrictions on applicants who have dependent children under the age of 18. Finally, the proposed regulation incorporates appeal rights when an applicant has been rejected on grounds relating to medical status, an arrest or conviction record, or for having a background in intelligence activities. Any applicant in an expanded list of protected categories who thinks that he or she had been discriminated against is given the option for review and consideration by the Office of Civil Rights and Diversity at the Peace Corps. These proposed changes to the Volunteer application process will provide an easier, clearer, faster and more equitable and consistent process for potential applicants, and result in a greater number of well-qualified applicants available for Peace Corps Volunteer service. Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980 (5 U.S.C. 605(b)) The Director of the Peace Corps certifies that this regulatory action will not have a significant adverse impact on a substantial number of small entities. The regulation only applies to individuals who are interested in service as a Volunteer and has no application to small entities. Unfunded Mandates Act of 1995 (Sec. 202, Pub. L. 104-4) This regulatory action does not contain a Federal mandate that will result in the expenditure by State, local, and tribal governments, in aggregate, or by the private sector of $100 or more in any one year. Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C., Chapter 35) This regulatory action does not contain any paperwork or recordkeeping requirements and does not require clearance under the Paperwork Reduction Act. The Peace Corps Volunteer application form for Volunteer service referenced in the regulation has been approved by the Office of Management and Budget (Control Number 0420-0005). Federalism (Executive Order 13132) This regulatory action does not have Federalism implications, as set forth in Executive Order 13132. It will not have substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between the national government and the States, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government. Executive Order 12291 This document is not a major rule as described in Executive Order 12291. List of Subjects in 22 CFR Part 305 Aged, Citizenship and naturalization, Civil rights, Discrimination, Equal employment opportunity, Foreign aid, Handicapped, Health, Intelligence, Nondiscrimination, Political affiliation, Volunteers. For the reasons set out in the preamble, the Peace Corps proposes to revise 22 CFR part 305 as follows: PART 305--ELIGIBILITY AND STANDARDS FOR PEACE CORPS VOLUNTEER SERVICE Sec. 305.1 Purpose and general guidelines. 305.2 Eligibility. 305.3 Selection standards. 305.4 Medical status eligibility standard. 305.5 Legal status eligibility standards. 305.6 Applicants with an intelligence background. 305.7 Special circumstances. 305.8 Background investigation. Authority: Sec. 4(b), 5(a) and 22 of the Peace Corps Act as amended, 22 U.S.C. 2503(b), 2504(a) and 2521; E.O. 12137, May 16, 1979; Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973; E.O. 13160. Sec. 305.1 Purpose and general guidelines. This part states the requirements for eligibility for Peace Corps Volunteer service and the factors considered in the assessment and selection of eligible applicants for Peace Corps Volunteer service. (a) Definitions. For purposes of this part: (1) Applicant means an applicant for enrollment as a Volunteer, who has completed and submitted the Peace Corps Volunteer application form. (2) Trainee means an applicant for enrollment as a Volunteer during any period of training occurring prior to such enrollment. (3) Volunteer means an individual who has taken the prescribed oath and enrolled for service in the Peace Corps. (4) Enrollment means the act by which an individual becomes a Volunteer upon successful completion of training and taking the prescribed oath of office pursuant to Section 5 of the Peace Corps Act, 22 U.S.C. 2504. (5) Dependent means an individual for whom an applicant or Volunteer has a legal or familial obligation to provide financial support. (6) Family member means any individual related by blood or affinity whose close association with the applicant or Volunteer is the equivalent of a family relationship. (b) Selection. Invitations to serve in the Peace Corps are the result of a highly competitive application process. Many more individuals apply for Peace Corps Volunteer service than can be accepted. Because the Peace Corps cannot accept all eligible and qualified Applicants who wish to serve, it evaluates Applicants to select the best qualified among eligible Applicants. The Peace Corps determines Applicants' eligibility, and assesses their relative skills, qualifications, and personal attributes, such as motivation, aptitude, fitness for service, emotional maturity, adaptability, productive competence, and ability to serve effectively as a Volunteer in a foreign country and culture. (c) Authority. Under Section 5(a) of the Peace Corps Act, 22 U.S.C. 2504(a), the President may enroll in the Peace Corps for service abroad qualified [[Page 45624]] citizens and nationals of the United States. The terms and conditions of the enrollment of Volunteers are exclusively those set forth in the Peace Corps Act and those consistent therewith which the President may prescribe. The President has delegated his authority under Section 5(a) of the Peace Corps Act to the Director of the Peace Corps pursuant to Executive Order 12137 (May 16, 1979), as amended. (d) Non-discrimination. The Peace Corps does not discriminate against any person on account of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age (40 and over), disability, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, pregnancy, marital status, parental status, political affiliation, union membership, genetic information, or history of participation in the EEO process, any grievance procedure or any authorized complaint procedure. Anyone who feels he or she has been discriminated against should contact the Office of Civil Rights and Diversity, 202.692.2139, [email protected], Peace Corps, 1111 20th Street NW., Washington, DC 20526. (e) Failure to disclose requested information. In order for the Peace Corps to be able to make appropriate selection and placement decisions, it is critical that Applicants provide complete and accurate information throughout the application process, including information provided for a mandatory background investigation. The Peace Corps may disqualify an Applicant or separate a Volunteer or Trainee from Peace Corps service at any time if the Peace Corps determines that the Applicant, Volunteer or Trainee provided materially false, misleading, inaccurate or incomplete information during the Peace Corps application process. Sec. 305.2 Eligibility. In order to be eligible for enrollment as a Volunteer, Applicants must meet mandatory citizenship and age requirements. (a) Citizenship. The Applicant must be a citizen or national of the United States or have made arrangements to be naturalized prior to taking the oath prescribed for enrollment as a Volunteer. Such arrangements must be satisfactory to: (1) The General Counsel; and (2) The Office of Volunteer Recruitment and Selection (VRS) in the case of the standard Volunteer program, or Peace Corps Response (PCR) in case of programs managed by PCR. (b) Age. The Applicant must be at least 18 years old at the time of enrollment as a Volunteer. Sec. 305.3 Selection standards. (a) General. To qualify for selection for overseas service as a Volunteer, an Applicant must demonstrate that he or she is suitable, possessing the requisite personal and professional attributes required for Peace Corps service generally, and for the particular Volunteer assignment for which he or she is considered. The Peace Corps assesses each Applicant's personal, professional, educational, and legal qualifications in order to select those Applicants most likely to be successful in a Peace Corps assignment, serving under conditions of hardship if necessary to achieve the goals of the Peace Corps. Meeting these qualifications does not in and of itself entitle any individual to serve in the Peace Corps. The Peace Corps endeavors to select the best qualified individuals from among all eligible Applicants. (b) Personal attributes. Applicants must adequately demonstrate the following personal attributes to Peace Corps: (1) Motivation. A sincere desire to carry out the goals of Peace Corps service, and a commitment to serve a full term as a Volunteer. (2) Productive competence. The intelligence and professional experience or educational background to meet the needs of the individual's assignment. (3) Emotional maturity and adaptability. The maturity, flexibility, cultural sensitivity, and self-sufficiency to adapt successfully to life in another culture, and to interact and communicate with other people regardless of cultural, social, and economic differences. (4) Skills. In addition to any educational, professional or other qualifications and prerequisites that an individual must possess in order to be selected for a given assignment, a Trainee must demonstrate competence in the following areas by the end of pre-service training: (i) Language. The ability to communicate effectively in the appropriate language or languages of the country of service with the fluency required to meet the needs of the overseas assignment. (ii) Technical competence. Proficiency in the technical skills needed to carry out the Trainee's assignment as a Volunteer. (iii) Knowledge. Adequate knowledge of the culture and history of the country of assignment to ensure a successful adjustment to, and acceptance by, the host country society, as well as an appropriate understanding of the history and government of the United States which qualifies the individual to represent the United States abroad. (c) Failure to meet standards. Failure to meet initial selection standards, failure to attain any of the selection standards by the completion of training, or failure to maintain these standards during service, may be grounds for de-selection and disqualification from Peace Corps service. Sec. 305.4 Medical status eligibility standard. (a) Requirements. Under the Peace Corps Act (22 U.S.C. 2504(e)), the Peace Corps is responsible for ensuring that Peace Corps Volunteers receive all necessary or appropriate health care during their service. To ensure that the Peace Corps will be capable of doing so, Applicants must be medically qualified for Peace Corps Volunteer service. An Applicant who is otherwise qualified must meet the following requirements: (1) The Applicant, with or without reasonable accommodation, removal of architectural, communication or transportation barriers, or the provision of auxiliary aids or services, must have the physical and mental capacity required to meet the essential eligibility requirements for a Volunteer. In this context, the essential eligibility requirements for a Volunteer include, without limitation, the capability to: (i) Live and work independently in an isolated location overseas at the same socio-economic level and in similar conditions as members of the community to which the Applicant is assigned; (ii) Perform the job to which the Applicant is assigned; and (iii) Complete a specified tour of service without undue disruption due to health problems. (2) The Peace Corps must be capable of providing the Applicant with such health care as the Peace Corps deems to be necessary or appropriate. (3) The Applicant must not pose a direct threat (as defined in paragraph (c) of this section). (b) Individualized assessment. In determining whether an Applicant is medically qualified, an individualized assessment is required regarding each of the requirements set forth in paragraph (a) of this section. (c) Direct threat. (1) A direct threat is a significant risk to the health or safety of others that cannot be eliminated by a reasonable accommodation, removal of architectural, communication or transportation barriers, or the provision of auxiliary aids or services. (2) In determining whether an Applicant poses a direct threat, the Peace Corps will make an [[Page 45625]] individualized assessment based on reasonable judgment that relies on current medical knowledge or on the best available objective evidence to ascertain: (i) The nature, duration and severity of the risk; (ii) The probability that the potential injury will actually occur; and (iii) Whether reasonable accommodations, removal of architectural, communication or transportation barriers, or the provision of auxiliary aids or services will mitigate the risk. (d) Reasonable accommodation. (1) The term accommodation means modifications to the Peace Corps' rules, policies or practices. (2) An accommodation is not reasonable if: (i) It would modify the essential eligibility requirements for a Volunteer; (ii) It would modify, among other things, the Applicant's Volunteer assignment or the Peace Corps' medical program in a way that would result in a fundamental alteration in the nature of the service, program, or activity; or (iii) It would impose an undue financial and administrative burden on the operations of the Peace Corps, including its medical program. (3) In determining whether an accommodation would impose an undue financial and administrative burden on the operations of the Peace Corps, the Peace Corps may take into account, among other things: (i) The size and composition of the Peace Corps staff at the post of assignment; (ii) The adequacy of local medical facilities and the availability of other medical facilities; (iii) The nature and cost of the accommodation compared to the overall number of Volunteers and the overall size of the Peace Corps budget; and (iv) The capacities of the host country agency and of the host community to which the Applicant would be assigned. (e) Medical status eligibility review. (1) An Applicant who is determined by medical screening staff not to be medically qualified for Peace Corps Volunteer service may request review of that decision by submitting any relevant information to the Office of Medical Services (OMS). The information submitted by the Applicant will be reviewed by a physician, and, unless the physician determines that the Applicant is medically qualified, by a Pre-Service Review Board (PSRB) composed of medical personnel in OMS and advised by the General Counsel. Procedures for such review are subject to approval by the General Counsel. (2) The PSRB will include as voting members at least one physician and four other medical professionals in OMS. In any case involving review of issues involving mental health, at least one mental health professional from the Counseling and Outreach Unit will also participate as a voting member. (3) The decision of the PSRB will be reviewed by the General Counsel for legal sufficiency. Subject to that review, it will constitute the final agency action. Sec. 305.5 Legal status eligibility standards. (a) General Requirements. The existence of an arrest or conviction record may, but will not automatically, exclude an Applicant from consideration for Peace Corps service. The Peace Corps will consider the nature of the offense, how long ago the offense occurred, whether the Applicant was acquitted of the offense, the terms of any applicable parole or probation, and other relevant facts or indications of rehabilitation. (b) Drug and alcohol related offenses. (1) An Applicant with any drug-related conviction, with a conviction for public intoxication, driving under the influence (DUI), or driving while intoxicated (DWI), with a conviction for reckless driving after having been initially charged with DUI or DWI, or with a similar alcohol-related conviction, is not eligible to have his or her application for Peace Corps service considered until 12 months has passed from the date of the incident. (2) An Applicant who, at any time on or prior to the day of departure for Peace Corps service, is arrested for any drug offense or for public intoxication, DUI, DWI or any similar alcohol-related offense will have any pending application or invitation for Peace Corps service withdrawn. If the charges are dismissed, an Applicant whose application or invitation for Peace Corps service was terminated may immediately reapply. If the applicant is convicted of the offense, he or she may reapply after 12 months from the date of the incident. (c) Review process. An Applicant who is rejected for a Volunteer position because of an arrest or conviction may request a review of that decision by submitting any relevant information to the Associate Director of VRS. The Associate Director will review the information submitted and consult with the General Counsel. The decision of the Associate Director will be the final agency decision. The Associate Director may delegate authority to conduct such a review to another senior member of VRS, but not to the supervisor of the office making the original eligibility determination. (d) Subsequent application. An Applicant rejected for service due to failure to meet the legal status eligibility standard may reapply at a later date, but not sooner than 12 months after the final agency decision. Sec. 305.6 Applicants with an intelligence background. (a) General. It has been the longstanding policy of the Peace Corps to exclude from Volunteer service any individuals who have engaged in intelligence activity or related work or who have been employed by or connected with an intelligence agency, either for a specific period of time or permanently (depending on the agency). This policy is founded on the premise that it is crucial to the Peace Corps in carrying out its mission that there be a complete and total separation of Peace Corps from the intelligence activities of the United States Government or any foreign government, both in reality and appearance. Any semblance of a connection between the Peace Corps and the intelligence community would seriously compromise the ability of the Peace Corps to develop and maintain the trust and confidence of the people of the host countries. To ensure that there is not the slightest basis for the appearance of any connection between the Peace Corps and the intelligence community, this policy contains certain temporary and permanent bars to Peace Corps service. Serious doubts about an Applicant's connection with intelligence activities are to be resolved in favor of exclusion. (b) Definitions. For purposes of this section: (1) Intelligence activity includes any activities or specialized training involving or related to the clandestine collection of information, or the analysis or dissemination of such information, intended for use by the United States Government or any foreign government in formulating or implementing political or military policy in regard to other countries. The term intelligence activity includes any involvement in covert actions designed to influence events in foreign countries. The fact that the name of an employer or the description of a person's work uses or does not use the term ``intelligence'' does not, in and of itself, mean that the person has or has not engaged in intelligence activity or related work. (2) Intelligence agency includes: (i) Any agency, division of an agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government that is a member of the [[Page 45626]] United States Intelligence Community; and (ii) Any other agency, division of an agency, or instrumentality of the United States Government or any foreign government, a substantial part of whose mission has been determined by the General Counsel to include intelligence activities. (3) Employment, employee, or employed refer to the existence of a relationship of employer and employee, whether full-time or part-time, permanent or temporary, whether or not the individual is engaged in intelligence activity for an employer, without regard to the length of time the relationship existed or is proposed to exist, and includes individuals performing duties as volunteers, fellows, interns, consultants, personal services contractors, contractors (non-personal services contractors), and employees of contractors who were assigned to work for an intelligence agency or to engage in intelligence activities. Employees of contractors who were or are not themselves assigned to work for an Intelligence Agency or to engage in intelligence activities are not considered to have been or to be employed by an intelligence agency. (c) Employment by an intelligence agency or engagement in intelligence activities. (1) An Applicant currently or formerly employed by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is permanently ineligible for Peace Corps Volunteer service. (2) An Applicant who has been employed by an intelligence agency other than the CIA is ineligible for a minimum of 10 years from the last day of employment by such intelligence agency. This bar on an Applicant who is or was employed by an intelligence agency applies whether or not the Applicant was engaged in intelligence activity for the intelligence agency. (3) An Applicant who has been engaged in intelligence activities is ineligible for service as a Volunteer for a period of 10 years from the last date on which the Applicant engaged in intelligence activities. (4) An Applicant may be ineligible for service for a period in excess of 10 years if the General Counsel determines that the Applicant's background or work history with regard to intelligence activities warrants such action. (d) Relationship to intelligence agency or activity. (1) An Applicant whose background discloses a relationship to an intelligence agency or intelligence activity may be ineligible to serve as a Peace Corps Volunteer. The term relationship means any association with an intelligence agency or with an intelligence activity, if such association could be the basis for an inference or the appearance that an Applicant was engaged in an intelligence activity. The association could include, but not be limited to, one based upon a familial, personal or financial connection to an intelligence agency or with an intelligence activity. (2) Determinations of the eligibility or periods of ineligibility of such Applicants will be made by the General Counsel on a case by case basis using the criteria set forth below. Examples of the type of relationships among others that could lead to ineligibility are Applicants whose spouses, domestic partners, or parents are or were involved in actual intelligence activities, or members of the immediate family of prominent highly placed officials in an intelligence agency who might be the target of harassment or violence overseas as the result of family connections. Employment by an organization that has been funded by an intelligence agency may also lead to ineligibility. (3) In determining whether an Applicant's relationship to an intelligence agency or intelligence activity makes the Applicant ineligible for service, or in determining the duration of any ineligibility, the General Counsel will consider the following factors as appropriate: (i) Nature of the relationship; (ii) The intelligence agency with which the Applicant has the relationship; (iii) Duration of the relationship; (iv) Length of time that has elapsed since the last connection to the intelligence agency; (v) Where the intelligence activity or work was performed; (vi) Nature of the connection with intelligence activity or work; (vii) Whether or not the intelligence activity or work involved contact with foreign nationals; (viii) Whether the connection was known or unknown to the Applicant at the time it occurred; (ix) Training received, if any; (x) Regularity of the contact with foreign nationals, and nature of duties, if any; (xi) Public knowledge of the activity or connection; (xii) Any other information which bears on the relationship of the Applicant to an intelligence agency or intelligence activity. (e) Determination. VRS is responsible for the initial screening of Peace Corps Volunteer applications for compliance with the provisions of this policy. In cases where that office is unable to make a decision regarding the eligibility of an Applicant under this policy, the individual's application will be referred to the General Counsel, who will make the determination on eligibility. (f) Appeal. VRS will inform all Applicants promptly and in writing of any decision to disqualify them based on an intelligence background and the reasons for that decision. Applicants have 15 days from the date of receipt of the letter from VRS to appeal the decision to the Director of the Peace Corps. The decision of the Director of the Peace Corps will be the final agency decision. (g) Post Peace Corps employment by United States intelligence agencies. Pursuant to agreements between the Peace Corps and certain intelligence agencies, those intelligence agencies will not employ former Volunteers for a specified period after the end of their Peace Corps service and will not use former Volunteers for certain purposes or in certain positions. Information regarding such agreements may be obtained from the Office of the General Counsel. Sec. 305.7 Special circumstances. (a) Couples. Two Applicants who are married to one another or two unmarried Applicants who are in a same-sex or opposite-sex domestic partnership or other committed relationship are eligible to apply for service as a couple. In the case of an unmarried couple, each member of the couple must provide a signed affidavit, in a form acceptable to the Peace Corps, attesting to their domestic partnership status or committed relationship (as the case may be) and their request to be considered for assignment as a couple. In all cases, both members of the couple must apply and qualify for assignment at the same location. (b) Serving with dependents and other family members. In general, dependents and other family members may not accompany a Volunteer during service. However, the Peace Corps may from time to time make exceptions either on a case-by-case basis or for particular categories of Volunteers to the extent permitted by Federal law. (c) Military service. The Peace Corps welcomes applications from veterans, reservists, and active duty military personnel who are interested in Peace Corps service after completion of their military service. After receiving an invitation for Peace Corps service, Applicants with reserve obligations are reminded to comply with all requirements to notify their reserve [[Page 45627]] component that they will be unavailable for drills and annual training because of their Peace Corps service. Such Applicants are urged to obtain written confirmation from their reserve component that they have complied with these requirements. Sec. 305.8 Background investigation. Section 22 of the Peace Corps Act requires that each Applicant be investigated to ensure that enrollment of the Applicant as a Volunteer is consistent with the national interest. The Peace Corps therefore obtains an appropriate background investigation for all Applicants who are invited to serve in the Peace Corps. Information revealed by the background investigation may be grounds for disqualification from Peace Corps service. Under the Peace Corps Act, if a background investigation regarding an Applicant develops any data reflecting that the Applicant is of questionable loyalty or is a questionable security risk, the Peace Corps must refer the matter to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for a full field investigation. The results of that full field investigation will be furnished to the Peace Corps for information and appropriate action. Dated: July 24, 2015. Alan C. Price, Associate Director, Management. [FR Doc. 2015-18789 Filed 7-30-15; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 6051-01-P
![45620 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 147 / Friday, July 31, 2015 / Proposed Rules
Rehabilitation Act of 1973. For PEACE CORPS Request for Comments
accessibility accommodations please The Peace Corps invites public
send an email to accessibility@ferc.gov 22 CFR Part 305
comment on all aspects of this proposed
or call toll free 1–866–208–3372 (voice) RIN 0420–AA26 rule and will take those comments into
or 202–502 -8659 (TTY); or send a fax account before publishing a final rule.
to 202–208–2106 with the required Eligibility and Standards for Peace The proposed rule would make the
accommodations. Corps Volunteer Service following changes:
For more information about this AGENCY: Peace Corps. (1) Introduction. The current
technical conference, please contact introductory section (22 CFR 305.1)
ACTION: Proposed rule.
Sarah McKinley, 202–502–8368, would be revised to provide new
sarah.mckinley@ferc.gov. SUMMARY: This proposed regulation definitions for the three stages
would restate and update the (Applicant, Trainee, and Volunteer) that
Dated: July 23, 2015. requirements for eligibility for Peace an individual who is interested in
Kimberly D. Bose, Corps Volunteer service, and the factors service as a Volunteer passes through. It
Secretary. considered in the assessment and would also provide a definition of the
selection of eligible applicants for term ‘‘enrollment’’, which is used in
Appendix: Questions To Address connection with an individual’s service
training and service. The requirements
—How should segments be defined for and factors for eligibility and selection as a Volunteer. The section would
purposes of disaggregation? were last published in 1984. A revision include a general statement explaining
—Are there scenarios in which pipelines of the regulation is necessary to conform the process the Peace Corps follows in
should be required to file disaggregated to changes in Federal laws and the selection of Volunteers, as well as to
information and scenarios in which they regulations, particularly with respect to provide notice to applicants regarding
should not? List specific scenarios. those prohibiting discrimination on the the importance of submitting complete
—What would be the additional cost to basis of disability, and to reflect policy and accurate information in the
report disaggregated information on the changes made by the Peace Corps. application process. The section would
Form 6 page 700? DATES: Comments due on or before eliminate the recitation of the various
—What are the potential benefits of requiring August 31, 2015. anti-discrimination statutes that the
disaggregated information?
ADDRESSES: Address all comments to
Peace Corps is obligated to follow and
—Do pipelines currently track their revenues
Anthony F. Marra, Associate General replace it with a clear statement that the
and operating expenses by segment?
Counsel, Peace Corps, 1111 20th Street Peace Corps does not discriminate on
—If pipelines are required to provide cost
NW., Washington, DC 20526. Comments various grounds in the selection of
information by segments, should they also Volunteers. The section advises that
may also be sent electronically to the
be required to provide volumes and applicants may be disqualified, and
revenues by segments?
following email address: pcfr@
peacecorps.gov. Volunteers and Trainees may be
—What allocation methods do pipelines use separated, if the Peace Corps determines
to determine the share of overhead and FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: they provided materially false,
shared costs associated with each segment? Colin Jones, Office of the General misleading, inaccurate or incomplete
Would this have to change if the Counsel, Policy and Program Analyst, information during the Peace Corps
information is broken down by segment, 1111 20th Street NW., Washington, DC application process.
and if so, how? 20526, and 202–692–2164. (2) Eligibility. The eligibility section
—What, if any, are the drawbacks of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Under the (22 CFR 305.2) would be simplified to
current process of providing workpapers to Peace Corps Act (22 U.S.C. 2501 et seq.), cover only the existing citizenship and
parties once a proceeding has been the Peace Corps is authorized to enroll age criteria for Volunteer applicants.
initiated? qualified US citizens and nationals as Other eligibility factors in the current
—In addition to shippers, which ‘‘interested Volunteers to serve abroad, under § 305.2 would be moved to succeeding
persons’’ should be entitled to request conditions of hardship if necessary, (i) sections, where they would be updated
workpapers? to help the people of interested and expanded.
—How frequently should shippers and other countries meet their need for trained (3) Selection Standards. A revised
interested persons be entitled to access personnel, particularly in meeting the § 305.3 would incorporate the selection
workpapers? basic needs of those living in the factors that currently appear in § 305.4.
—Do workpapers need to be provided in poorest areas of such countries, (ii) to The revision would restate the current
electronic form to be useful? Should the help promote a better understanding of attributes that an applicant must meet
Commission standardize the manner in
the American people on the part of the for Volunteer service, with a little more
which workpapers are presented?
people served, and (iii) to help promote detail. It would also revise the
—What process and protections should be
a better understanding of other peoples description of the various personal
required in connection with making
on the part of the American people. The attributes that are taken into account
workpapers available on request?
Peace Corps is authorized to establish when evaluating applicants. The revised
—What additional costs are associated with
the terms and conditions of enrollment § 305.3 would explain that the Peace
making workpapers available upon request
as compared to the current process of
of Volunteers, as well as the terms and Corps assesses each applicant’s
making them available once a trial-type
conditions of service. The proposed rule personal, professional, educational, and
rmajette on DSK2VPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
hearing has been initiated?
would revise and update rules legal qualifications in order to select
concerning eligibility and selection those applicants most likely to be
[FR Doc. 2015–18837 Filed 7–30–15; 8:45 am]
standards for Peace Corps Volunteer successful in a Peace Corps assignment,
BILLING CODE 6717–01–P service, which were last published in serving under conditions of hardship if
the Federal Register over 30 years ago necessary, to achieve the goals of the
(49 FR 38939, October 2, 1984), and Peace Corps. Meeting the several
entered into effect November 1, 1984, qualifications would not in and of itself
and currently appear at 22 CFR part 305. entitle any individual to serve in the
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![Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 147 / Friday, July 31, 2015 / Proposed Rules 45627
component that they will be unavailable DATES: Comments and related material hand delivery, but please use only one
for drills and annual training because of must be received by August 15, 2015. of these means. If you submit a
their Peace Corps service. Such Requests for public meetings must be comment online, it will be considered
Applicants are urged to obtain written received by the Coast Guard by August received by the Coast Guard when you
confirmation from their reserve 7, 2015. successfully transmit the comment. If
component that they have complied ADDRESSES: You may submit comments you fax, hand deliver, or mail your
with these requirements. identified by docket number using any comment, it will be considered as
one of the following methods: having been received by the Coast
§ 305.8 Background investigation. (1) Federal eRulemaking Portal: Guard when it is received at the Docket
Section 22 of the Peace Corps Act http://www.regulations.gov. Management Facility. We recommend
requires that each Applicant be (2) Fax: 202–493–2251. that you include your name and a
investigated to ensure that enrollment of (3) Mail or Delivery: Docket mailing address, an email address, or a
the Applicant as a Volunteer is Management Facility (M–30), U.S. telephone number in the body of your
consistent with the national interest. Department of Transportation, West document so that we can contact you if
The Peace Corps therefore obtains an Building Ground Floor, Room W12–140, we have questions regarding your
appropriate background investigation 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., submission.
for all Applicants who are invited to Washington, DC 20590–0001. Deliveries To submit your comment online, go to
serve in the Peace Corps. Information accepted between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., http://www.regulations.gov, type the
revealed by the background Monday through Friday, except federal docket number USCG–2015–0604 in the
investigation may be grounds for holidays. The telephone number is 202– ‘‘SEARCH’’ box and click ‘‘SEARCH.’’
disqualification from Peace Corps 366–9329. Click on ‘‘Submit a Comment’’ on the
service. Under the Peace Corps Act, if a See the ‘‘Public Participation and line associated with this rulemaking.
background investigation regarding an Request for Comments’’ portion of the If you submit your comments by mail
Applicant develops any data reflecting SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section or hand delivery, submit them in an
that the Applicant is of questionable below for further instructions on unbound format, no larger than 81⁄2 by
loyalty or is a questionable security risk, submitting comments. To avoid 11 inches, suitable for copying and
the Peace Corps must refer the matter to duplication, please use only one of electronic filing. If you submit
the Federal Bureau of Investigation for these three methods. comments by mail and would like to
a full field investigation. The results of FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: If know that they reached the Facility,
that full field investigation will be you have questions on this rule, call or please enclose a stamped, self-addressed
furnished to the Peace Corps for email Lieutenant Christopher postcard or envelope. We will consider
information and appropriate action. McElvaine, Marine Safety Unit all comments and material received
Dated: July 24, 2015. Savannah Prevention Department, Coast during the comment period and may
Alan C. Price, Guard; telephone (912) 652–4353 change the rule based on your
Associate Director, Management. ext.221, email comments.
[FR Doc. 2015–18789 Filed 7–30–15; 8:45 am]
Christopher.D.McElvaine@uscg.mil. If 2. Viewing Comments and Documents
you have questions on viewing or
BILLING CODE 6051–01–P
submitting material to the docket, call To view comments, as well as
Cheryl Collins, Program Manager, documents mentioned in this preamble
Docket Operations, telephone (202) as being available in the docket, go to
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND 366–9826. http://www.regulations.gov, type the
SECURITY docket number USCG–2015–0604 in the
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
‘‘SEARCH’’ box and click ‘‘SEARCH.’’
Coast Guard Table of Acronyms Click on Open Docket Folder on the line
DHS Department of Homeland Security associated with this rulemaking. You
33 CFR Part 165 may also visit the Docket Management
FR Federal Register
[Docket Number USCG–2015–0604] NPRM Notice of proposed rulemaking Facility in Room W12–140 on the
ground floor of the Department of
RIN 1625–AA00 A. Public Participation and Request for
Transportation West Building, 1200
Comments
Safety Zone; Intermedix IRONMAN 70.3 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington,
We encourage you to participate in DC 20590, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m.,
Event, Savannah River; Augusta, GA
this rulemaking by submitting Monday through Friday, except Federal
AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. comments and related materials. All holidays.
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking. comments received will be posted
without change to http:// 3. Privacy Act
SUMMARY: The Coast Guard proposes to www.regulations.gov and will include Anyone can search the electronic
establish a temporary safety zone on the any personal information you have form of comments received into any of
waters of the Savannah River during the provided. our dockets by the name of the
Intermedix IRONMAN 70.3 event on individual submitting the comment (or
September 27, 2015. This regulation is 1. Submitting Comments
signing the comment, if submitted on
necessary to protect the lives of the If you submit a comment, please behalf of an association, business, labor
rmajette on DSK2VPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS
participants on the navigable waters of include the docket number for this union, etc.). You may review a Privacy
the Savannah River due to hazards rulemaking, indicate the specific section Act notice regarding our public dockets
associated with 3,600 IRONMAN of this document to which each in the January 17, 2008, issue of the
athletes swimming in the Savannah comment applies, and provide a reason Federal Register (73 FR 3316).
River. Entry into this zone is prohibited for each suggestion or recommendation.
unless specifically authorized by the You may submit your comments and 4. Public Meeting
Captain of the Port (COTP) Savannah or material online at http:// We do not now plan to hold a public
a designated representative. www.regulations.gov, or by fax, mail, or meeting. But you may submit a request
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Document Created: 2015-12-15 12:59:42
Document Modified: 2015-12-15 12:59:42
| Category | Regulatory Information | |
| Collection | Federal Register | |
| sudoc Class | AE 2.7: GS 4.107: AE 2.106: | |
| Publisher | Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration | |
| Section | Proposed Rules | |
| Action | Proposed rule. | |
| Dates | Comments due on or before August 31, 2015. | |
| Contact | Colin Jones, Office of the General Counsel, Policy and Program Analyst, 1111 20th Street NW., Washington, DC 20526, and 202-692-2164. | |
| FR Citation | 80 FR 45620 | |
| RIN Number | 0420-AA26 | |
| CFR Associated | Aged; Citizenship and Naturalization; Civil Rights; Discrimination; Equal Employment Opportunity; Foreign Aid; Handicapped; Health; Intelligence; Nondiscrimination; Political Affiliation and Volunteers |
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