80 FR 45905 - Allocable Cash Basis and Tiered Partnership Items

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
Internal Revenue Service

Federal Register Volume 80, Issue 148 (August 3, 2015)

Page Range		45905-45913
FR Document		2015-18817
This document contains proposed regulations regarding the determination of a partner's distributive share of certain allocable cash basis items and items attributable to an interest in a lower-tier partnership during a partnership taxable year in which a partner's interest changes. These proposed regulations affect partnerships and their partners.
Federal Register, Volume 80 Issue 148 (Monday, August 3, 2015)
[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 148 (Monday, August 3, 2015)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 45905-45913]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2015-18817]


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DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY

Internal Revenue Service

26 CFR Part 1

[REG-109370-10]
RIN 1545-BJ34


Allocable Cash Basis and Tiered Partnership Items

AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury.

ACTION: Partial withdrawal of notice of proposed rulemaking and notice 
of proposed rulemaking.

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SUMMARY: This document contains proposed regulations regarding the 
determination of a partner's distributive share of certain allocable 
cash basis items and items attributable to an interest in a lower-tier 
partnership during a partnership taxable year in which a partner's 
interest changes. These proposed regulations affect partnerships and 
their partners.

DATES: Written or electronic comments and requests for a public hearing 
must be received by November 2, 2015. As of August 3, 2015, the notice 
of proposed rulemaking that was published in the Federal Register on 
May 24, 2005 (70 FR 29675), is partially withdrawn.

ADDRESSES: Send submissions to: CC:PA:LPD:PR (REG-109370-10), Room 
5203, Internal Revenue Service, PO Box 7604, Ben Franklin Station, 
Washington, DC 20044. Submissions may be hand-delivered Monday through 
Friday between the hours of 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. to: CC:PA:LPD:PR (REG-
109370-10), Courier's Desk, Internal Revenue Service, 1111 Constitution 
Avenue NW., Washington, DC, or sent electronically, via the Federal 
eRulemaking Portal at http://www.regulations.gov/(IRSREG-109370-10).

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Concerning the proposed regulations, 
Benjamin H. Weaver, (202) 317-6850; concerning submissions of comments 
and requests for public hearing, Regina Johnson, (202) 317-6901 (not 
toll free numbers).

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Background

    Section 706 of the Internal Revenue Code (the Code) generally 
provides rules for the taxable years of partners and partnerships. 
Section 72 of the Deficit Reduction Act of 1984, Public Law 98-369 (98 
Stat. 494 (1984)) added section 706(d) to the Code to prevent a partner 
who acquires an interest in the partnership late in the taxable year 
from deducting partnership expenses incurred prior to the partner's 
entry into the partnership (retroactive allocations). Section 706(d)(1) 
provides that, except as provided in section 706(d)(2) and (d)(3), if 
during any taxable year of the partnership there is a change in any 
partner's interest in the partnership, each partner's distributive 
share of any item of income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit of the 
partnership for such taxable year shall be determined by the use of any 
method prescribed by regulations which takes into account the varying 
interests of the partners in the partnership during such taxable year.
    On April 14, 2009, the Treasury Department and the IRS published a 
notice of proposed rulemaking (REG-144689-04) (the 2009 proposed 
regulations) in the Federal Register to provide guidance under section 
706(d)(1) and to conform the Income Tax Regulations for certain 
provisions of section 1246 of the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, Public 
Law 105-34 (111 Stat. 788 (1997)) and section 72 of the Deficit 
Reduction Act of 1984, Public Law 98-369 (98 Stat. 494 (1984)). The 
Treasury Department and the IRS are publishing final regulations under 
section 706(d)(1) (the final regulations) contemporaneously with these 
proposed regulations. However, the Treasury Department and the IRS have 
decided to propose an amendment to the final regulations expanding the 
list of extraordinary items to include two new items: (1) For publicly 
traded partnerships, any item of income that is an amount subject to 
withholding as defined in Sec.  1.1441-2(a) (excluding amounts 
effectively connected with the conduct of a trade or business within 
the United States) or a withholdable payment under Sec.  1.1473-1(a) 
occurring during a taxable year if, for that taxable year, the partners 
agree to treat all such items as extraordinary items, and (2) for any 
partnership, deductions for the transfer of partnership equity in 
connection with the performance of services. In addition, these 
proposed regulations provide guidance under sections 706(d)(2) and (3).

1. Allocable Cash Basis Items

    Section 706(d)(2) provides rules for certain allocable cash basis 
items. Section 706(d)(2)(A) provides that if during any taxable year of 
the partnership there is a change in any partner's interest in the 
partnership, then (except to the extent provided in regulations) each 
partner's distributive share of any allocable cash basis item shall be 
determined (i) by assigning the appropriate portion of such item to 
each day in the period to which it is attributable, and (ii) by 
allocating the portion assigned to any such day among the partners in 
proportion to their interests in the partnership at the close of such 
day. Section 706(d)(2)(B) defines ``allocable cash basis item'' as any 
of the following items with respect to which the partnership uses the 
cash receipts and disbursements method of accounting (cash method): (i) 
Interest, (ii) taxes, (iii) payments for services or for the use of 
property, or (iv) any other item of a kind specified in regulations 
prescribed by the Secretary as being an item with respect to which the 
application of section 706(d)(2) is appropriate to avoid significant 
misstatements of the income of the partners. Section 706(d)(2)(C) 
further provides that if any portion of any allocable cash basis item 
is attributable to (i) any period before the beginning of the taxable 
year, such portion shall be assigned under section 706(d)(2)(A)(i) to 
the first day of the taxable year, or (ii) any period after the close 
of the taxable year, such portion shall be assigned under section 
706(d)(2)(A)(i) to the last day of the taxable year. Finally, section 
706(d)(2)(D) provides that if any portion of a deductible cash basis 
item is assigned under section 706(d)(2)(C)(i) to the first day of any 
taxable year, (i) such portion shall be allocated among persons who are 
partners in the partnership during the period to which such portion is 
attributable in accordance with their varying interests

[[Page 45906]]

in the partnership during such period, and (ii) any amount allocated 
under section 706(d)(2)(C)(i) to a person who is not a partner in the 
partnership on such first day shall be capitalized by the partnership 
and treated in the manner provided for in section 755.
    The legislative history explains that section 706(d)(2) was enacted 
to prevent cash method partnerships from avoiding the retroactive 
allocation rules:

[P]artnerships may attempt to avoid the retroactive allocation rules 
by using the cash method of accounting and deferring actual payment 
of deductible items until near the close of the partnership's 
taxable year. For example, if a partnership defers the payment of an 
expense (e.g., interest) until December 31, and the partnership uses 
the interim closing method of allocations, a partner admitted on 
December 31 may be allowed a deduction for a full portion of the 
expense. This may be the case although the expense has economically 
accrued at an equal rate throughout the taxable year . . . In adding 
these rules, Congress rejected the argument that the retroactive 
allocations were proper because the funds invested by the new 
partners served to reimburse the original partners for their 
expenditures so that, as an economic matter, the new partners had 
incurred the costs for which they were claiming deductions.

H.R. Rep. No. 98-432, at 1212-1213 (1984).
    On November 30, 1984, the Treasury Department and the IRS issued 
temporary regulations under section 706(d)(2) (Sec.  1.706-2T (TD 
7991)) to address the interaction of sections 706(d)(2) and 267(a)(2). 
The temporary regulations provide that a deduction for any expense that 
is deferred under section 267 constitutes an allocable cash basis item 
under section 706(d)(2)(B)(iv). Specifically, the temporary regulations 
provide:

    Question 1: For purposes of section 706(d), how is an otherwise 
deductible amount that is deferred under section 267(a)(2) treated?
    Answer 1: In the year the deduction is allowed, the deduction 
will constitute an allocable cash basis item under section 
706(d)(2)(B)(iv).

    Neither the 2009 proposed regulations nor the final regulations 
provide guidance under section 706(d)(2). However, the 2009 proposed 
regulations specifically requested comments on issues that arise 
concerning allocable cash basis items, in particular whether the list 
of items in section 706(d)(2)(B) should be expanded (to include, for 
example, items such as property insurance), as well as any other issues 
with regard to allocating cash basis items. The Treasury Department and 
the IRS received comments relating to allocable cash basis items in 
response to the 2009 proposed regulations. The comments are discussed 
in this preamble.

2. Tiered Partnerships

    Section 706(a) provides that, in computing the taxable income of a 
partner for a taxable year, the inclusions required by section 702 and 
section 707(c) with respect to a partnership shall be based on the 
income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit of the partnership for any 
taxable year of the partnership ending within or with the taxable year 
of the partner. Prior to the issuance of Rev. Rul. 77-311, 1977-2 CB 
218, in 1977 and the enactment of section 706(d)(3) in 1984, some 
taxpayers took the position that, in the case of tiered partnerships, 
the language of section 706(a) means that an upper-tier partnership's 
distributive share of items from a lower-tier partnership is sustained 
by the upper-tier partnership on the last day of the lower-tier 
partnership's taxable year. These taxpayers therefore allocated the 
upper-tier partnership's share of the lower-tier partnership's items 
based solely upon the upper-tier partnership's partners' interests as 
of the last day of the lower-tier partnerships' taxable year. Rev. Rul. 
77-311 rejected that position, and explains through an example that an 
upper-tier partnership's distributive share of any items of income, 
gain, loss, deduction, or credit from a lower-tier partnership is 
considered to be realized or sustained by the upper-tier partnership at 
the same time and in the same manner as such items were realized or 
sustained by the lower-tier partnership. Therefore, in allocating items 
from a lower-tier partnership, the upper-tier partnership must take 
into account variations among its partners' interests throughout the 
year, rather than merely looking to its partners' interests as of the 
last day of the lower-tier partnership's taxable year.
    Section 706(d)(3) was enacted in 1984 and confirms the analysis of 
Rev. Rul. 77-311. Section 706(d)(3) provides that if during any taxable 
year of the partnership there is a change in any partner's interest in 
the partnership (the ``upper-tier partnership''), and such partnership 
is a partner in another partnership (the ``lower-tier partnership''), 
then (except to the extent provided in regulations) each partner's 
distributive share of any item of the upper-tier partnership 
attributable to the lower-tier partnership shall be determined by 
assigning the appropriate portion (determined by applying principles 
similar to the principles of section 706(d)(2)(C) and (D)) of each such 
item to the appropriate days during which the upper-tier partnership is 
a partner in the lower-tier partnership and by allocating the portion 
assigned to any such day among the partners in proportion to their 
interests in the upper-tier partnership at the close of such day.
    Neither the 2009 proposed regulations nor the final regulations 
provide guidance under section 706(d)(3). However, the 2009 proposed 
regulations specifically requested comments on issues that arise 
concerning tiered partnerships, and stated that the daily allocation 
method, used for cash basis items, applies to all items of the lower-
tier partnership if there is a change in the partnership interests in 
the upper-tier partnership. The Treasury Department and the IRS 
received comments relating to tiered partnerships in response to the 
2009 proposed regulations. The comments are discussed in this preamble.

Explanation of Provisions and Summary of Comments

1. Allocable Cash Basis Items

    With respect to allocable cash basis items, the proposed 
regulations generally restate the statutory provisions. Commenters 
requested that regulations clarify whether section 706(d)(2) applies 
only to items of deduction and loss or whether it also applies to items 
of income and gain. Generally, under the Code, the word ``item'' 
includes items of income, gain, deduction, and loss. Other than the 
item ``taxes,'' the items listed in section 706(d)(2)(B) can be either 
items of income (and gain) or deduction (and loss), depending on a 
taxpayer's particular circumstances. Section 706(d)(2)(B)(iv) also 
provides broad regulatory authority for the Secretary to add ``any 
other item . . . with respect to which the application of this 
paragraph is appropriate to avoid significant misstatements of the 
income of the partners.'' A significant misstatement of the income of 
partners can occur equally through an item of deduction or loss or an 
item of income or gain. Partnerships using the cash method that also 
use the interim closing method for accounting for partners' varying 
interests can use this distortion to affect the allocation of income to 
an incoming or outgoing partner. For these reasons, the proposed 
regulations provide that the allocable cash basis item rules apply to 
items of deduction, loss, income, and gain.
    The proposed regulations provide that the term ``allocable cash 
basis item'' generally includes items of deduction, loss, income, or 
gain specifically listed

[[Page 45907]]

in the statute: (i) interest, (ii) taxes, and (iii) payments for 
services or for the use of property. However, as discussed in part 4 of 
this preamble, the proposed regulations contain an exception for 
deductions for the transfer of an interest in the partnership in 
connection with the performance of services; such deductions generally 
must be allocated under the rules for extraordinary items in Sec.  
1.706-4(d).
    Section 706(d)(2)(B)(iv) specifically grants the Secretary 
regulatory authority to include additional items in the list of 
allocable cash basis items to avoid significant misstatements of the 
income of the partners. Pursuant to the regulatory authority granted in 
section 706(d)(2)(B)(iv), the proposed regulations provide that the 
term ``allocable cash basis item'' includes any allowable deduction 
that had been previously deferred under section 267(a)(2). This 
provision incorporates the concept of Sec.  1.706-2T and includes 
within the meaning of ``allocable cash basis item'' amounts deferred 
under section 267(a)(2) in the year in which the deduction is allowed. 
Accordingly, Sec.  1.706-2T is proposed to be withdrawn by final 
regulations issued under section 706(d)(2).
    Finally, pursuant to the regulatory authority granted in section 
706(d)(2)(B)(iv), the proposed regulations provide that the term 
``allocable cash basis item'' also includes any item of income, gain, 
loss, or deduction that accrues over time and that would, if not 
allocated as an allocable cash basis item, result in the significant 
misstatement of a partner's income. To provide additional clarification 
on the scope of the rule in proposed Sec.  1.706-2(a)(2)(v), the 
Treasury Department and the IRS believe that items such as rebate 
payments, refund payments, insurance premiums, prepayments, and cash 
advances are examples of items which, if not allocated in the manner 
described in section 706(d)(2), could result in the significant 
misstatement of a partner's income. The Treasury Department and the IRS 
request comments on the inclusion of these items and other items within 
the meaning of ``allocable cash basis items.''
    One commenter noted that section 706(d)(2) imposes the same 
administrative burden on partnerships regardless of the percentage of 
the partner's total expenses that are allocable cash basis items and 
therefore recommended that regulations under section 706(d)(2) include 
a de minimis rule. The Treasury Department and the IRS agree that a de 
minimis rule is appropriate given the scope of the proposed 
regulations. Accordingly, the proposed regulations provide that an 
allocable cash basis item will not be subject to the rules in section 
706(d)(2) if, for the partnership's taxable year: (1) The total of the 
particular class of allocable cash basis items (for example, all 
interest income) is less than five percent of the partnership's (a) 
gross income, including tax-exempt income described in section 
705(a)(1)(B), in the case of income or gain items, or (b) gross 
expenses and losses, including section 705(a)(2)(B) expenditures, in 
the case of losses and expense items; and (2) the total amount of 
allocable cash basis items from all classes of allocable cash basis 
items amounting to less than five percent of the partnership's (a) 
gross income, including tax-exempt income described in section 
705(a)(1)(B), in the case of income or gain items, or (b) gross 
expenses and losses, including section 705(a)(2)(B) expenditures, in 
the case of losses and expense items, does not exceed $10 million in 
the taxable year, determined by treating all such allocable cash basis 
items as positive amounts.
    Additionally, the Treasury Department and the IRS request comments 
on whether the final regulations should provide an exception for 
certain items of income or deduction arising from payments for services 
or for the use of property. For example, comments are requested on 
whether payments for services or for the use of property should be 
excluded from the rules in section 706(d)(2) if they arise and are, as 
applicable, paid or received in the ordinary course of the 
partnership's business (such as the regular payment of wages to 
employees), and whether deferred compensation or contingency or 
success-based fees and other payments for services based on performance 
conditions (which are not calculated based on an hourly rate) should be 
subject to the rules of section 706(d)(2) (and, if so, on the proper 
method for assigning the appropriate portion of such item to each day 
in the period).
    The proposed regulations contain two examples illustrating the 
operation of section 706(d)(2)(D)(ii), which requires certain portions 
of deductible cash basis items to be capitalized in the manner provided 
in section 755 in the event that the deduction is otherwise partially 
allocable to a former partner who is no longer a partner as of the 
first day of the partnership's taxable year. The Treasury Department 
and the IRS request comments on the appropriate interaction between the 
principles and rules of section 755 and section 706(d), including 
whether the final regulations should provide an exception to the 
capitalization rules of section 706(d)(2)(D)(ii) in cases where the 
former partner ceased to be a partner in the partnership as a result of 
the partner's contribution of its partnership interest to another 
entity in a non-recognition transaction.

2. Tiered Partnerships

    With respect to tiered partnerships, the proposed regulations 
provide that the daily allocation method used for cash basis items 
applies to all items of the lower-tier partnership if there is a change 
in any partner's interest in the upper-tier partnership.
    Commenters noted the administrative burden of the daily allocation 
method on tiered partnerships. Commenters stated that obtaining 
information from a lower-tier partnership to track changes in the 
ownership interest in an upper-tier partnership is burdensome, and 
often impractical, unless the upper-tier partnership owns a controlling 
interest in the lower-tier partnership. One commenter suggested that 
the Treasury Department and the IRS issue interim guidance to provide 
that section 706(d)(3) should not apply to a change in a partner's 
interest in an upper-tier partnership unless the upper-tier partnership 
owns an interest in more than 50 percent of the profits and capital of 
the lower-tier partnership. Another commenter recommended an exception 
when the upper-tier partnership owns a relatively small portion (such 
as 10 percent or less) of the lower-tier partnership. The Treasury 
Department and the IRS acknowledge that a lack of information sharing 
among tiered partnerships may make it difficult to comply with a daily 
allocation requirement. Thus, the proposed regulations provide an 
exception from section 706(d)(3) if the upper-tier partnership directly 
owns an interest in less than 10 percent of the profits and capital of 
the lower-tier partnership (``a de minimis upper-tier partnership''), 
all de minimis upper-tier partnerships in aggregate own an interest in 
less than 30 percent of the profits and capital of the lower-tier 
partnership, and if no partnership is created with a purpose of 
avoiding the application of the tiered partnership rules of section 
706(d)(3). The application of this exception is determined at each 
tier, depending on the interests held by the direct partners at each 
tier. Thus, in the case of an upper-tier partnership owning an interest 
in a middle tier partnership, which in turn owns an interest in a 
lower-tier partnership, it may be the case that the exception applies 
to the upper-tier partnership's interest in the

[[Page 45908]]

middle tier partnership, but not to the middle tier partnership's 
interest in the lower-tier partnership (or vice-versa).
    If the de minimis upper-tier partnership exception applies, the 
upper-tier partnership may, but is not required to, apply the general 
rules of Sec.  1.706-4 in allocating items attributable to the lower-
tier partnership. However, as explained in Rev. Rul. 77-311, an upper-
tier partnership's distributive share of any items of income, gain, 
loss, deduction, or credit from a lower-tier partnership is considered 
to be realized or sustained by the upper-tier partnership at the same 
time and in the same manner as such items were realized or sustained by 
the lower-tier partnership. Thus, if the de minimis upper-tier 
partnership exception applies to an upper-tier partnership using the 
interim closing method, the upper-tier partnership's allocations of the 
lower-tier partnership items under the general rules of Sec.  1.706-4 
will generally reach the same result as applying the rules of section 
706(d)(3). On the other hand, if the de minimis upper-tier partnership 
exception applies to an upper-tier partnership using the proration 
method, the upper-tier partnership may prorate the items from the 
lower-tier partnership across the upper-tier partnership's segments 
(or, if the upper-tier partnership has only one segment for its entire 
taxable year, it may prorate the items across its entire taxable year). 
Even if the de minimis upper-tier partnership exception applies, the 
upper-tier partnership may choose to allocate the items attributable to 
the lower-tier partnership according the tiered partnership rules 
instead. However, the proposed regulations do not impose on lower-tier 
partnerships an obligation to disclose to upper-tier partnerships the 
timing of the lower-tier partnership's items. The proposed regulations 
contain three examples illustrating these principles.
    Commenters also requested additional guidance on the application of 
section 706(d)(3) in certain circumstances. One commenter requested 
that the final regulations provide guidance on tiered partnerships that 
would allow an upper-tier partnership to determine the items from the 
lower-tier partnership that are allocable to the upper-tier partnership 
segments based on an interim closing method (as of any upper-tier 
partnership segment end) applied to the lower-tier partnership if the 
upper-tier partnership: (i) Has the same taxable year as its lower-tier 
partnership; (ii) holds a fixed percentage interest in the lower-tier 
partnership during a taxable year; and (iii) uses the interim closing 
method. This commenter also recommended that guidance provide that an 
upper-tier partnership that has the same taxable year as its lower-tier 
partnership and holds a fixed percentage interest in that lower-tier 
partnership during the upper-tier partnership's taxable year may 
prorate the non-extraordinary items of the lower-tier partnership to 
each day of the upper-tier partnership's taxable year, without regard 
to whether the upper-tier partnership uses the proration method or the 
interim closing method.
    However, as explained in this preamble, the Treasury Department and 
the IRS believe that because an upper-tier partnership's distributive 
share of any items of income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit from a 
lower-tier partnership is considered to be realized or sustained by the 
upper-tier partnership at the same time and in the same manner as such 
items were realized or sustained by the lower-tier partnership, 
application of the interim closing method will generally reach the same 
result as applying the rules of section 706(d)(3). The Treasury 
Department and the IRS also believe that allowing an upper-tier 
partnership that uses the interim closing method to prorate items from 
a lower-tier partnership across the upper-tier partnership's entire 
taxable year would be inconsistent with the principles explained in 
Rev. Rul. 77-311. Therefore, the proposed regulations do not adopt 
these comments. However, the Treasury Department and the IRS request 
comments on safe harbors that might be appropriate in these 
circumstances as well as comments on the treatment of an upper-tier 
partnership and a lower-tier partnership that have different taxable 
years.
    One commenter also recommended that guidance provide that the 
default method for tiered partnerships is the proration method unless 
the upper-tier partnership agrees to use the interim closing method and 
receives sufficient information from the lower-tier partnership to use 
that method. Under section 706(d)(1) as implemented by Sec.  1.706-4, 
the interim closing method is the default method unless the partners 
agree in writing to use the proration method. Because the recommended 
rule would be inconsistent with section 706(d)(1) as implemented by 
Sec.  1.706-4, the Treasury Department and the IRS did not adopt this 
rule in the proposed regulations.
    A commenter further recommended that any conventions applicable to 
the upper-tier partnership should apply to income from the lower-tier 
partnership. In general, the Treasury Department and the IRS believe 
that any conventions applicable to the upper-tier partnership should 
apply to items from the lower-tier partnership, but are continuing to 
consider this recommendation in the context of section 706(d)(3) and 
request comments on safe harbors when the upper-tier partnership and 
the lower-tier partnership use the same method, but different 
conventions.
    Another commenter recommended that the final regulations permit 
partnerships to voluntarily apply the rules of section 706(d)(3) if the 
upper-tier partnership and the lower-tier partnership have an advance 
agreement establishing the allocation method for items derived from the 
upper-tier partnership's interest in the lower-tier partnership. As 
described in this preamble, the Treasury Department and the IRS are 
requesting comments on appropriate safe harbors and will continue to 
consider this recommendation.
    The Treasury Department and the IRS also request comments on 
appropriate rules, if any, when there is a variance at both the upper-
tier partnership and lower-tier partnership.
    More generally, the Treasury Department and the IRS request 
comments on the appropriate coordination between the rules of sections 
706(d)(2) and (3) and the rules of Sec.  1.706-4. In particular, the 
Treasury Department and the IRS request comments on whether certain 
items such as contingency or success-based fees and other payments for 
services based on performance conditions are more appropriately 
addressed under the rules of section 706(d)(2) and (3), which require 
allocation of items across the period to which they are attributable, 
or under the rules for the allocation of extraordinary items under 
Sec.  1.706-4(e), which requires allocation of items according to the 
partners' interests at the time of day on which the extraordinary item 
occurs. Additionally, the Treasury Department and the IRS request 
comments on whether certain items subject to section 706(d)(2) and (3) 
may instead be simply allocated under the proration method of Sec.  
1.706-4(d) without impinging on the Congressional intent behind 
sections 706(d)(2) and (3) or resulting in a substantial distortion of 
income.

3. Additional Extraordinary Item for Publicly Traded Partnerships 
(PTPs)

    Section 1.706-4(e) of the final regulations provides rules for the 
allocation of certain ``extraordinary items.'' In general, 
extraordinary items must be allocated among the partners in proportion 
to their interests in the partnership item at the time of day on

[[Page 45909]]

which the extraordinary item occurs. Section 1.706-4(e)(2) contains a 
list of extraordinary items. These proposed regulations add two 
additional extraordinary items to that list.
    The first proposed additional extraordinary item responds to 
comments received on the 2009 proposed regulations regarding the 
administrative difficulty PTPs face in satisfying withholding 
obligations under section 1441 if PTPs are not permitted to use a 
quarterly convention. As explained in Part 1.C.iii of the preamble to 
the final regulations, the final regulations do not permit PTPs to use 
a quarterly convention. One commenter on the 2009 proposed regulations 
suggested other options of addressing this issue if the Treasury 
Department and the IRS are concerned that allowing a quarterly 
convention would be too broad. One option suggested was to permit PTPs 
that have income subject to withholding under section 1441 to treat 
that income as an extraordinary item allocated to PTP unit holders who 
are the record holders on the date the distribution is declared. The 
Treasury Department and the IRS agree that a special rule is desirable 
to link each partner's distributive share to the related cash 
distributions, thereby enabling PTPs and their transfer agents to 
satisfy their withholding obligations under chapter 4 of the Code and 
sections 1441 through 1443 from distributions. Therefore, these 
proposed regulations generally adopt this suggested alternative to a 
quarterly convention.
    Specifically, these proposed regulations provide that for PTPs, all 
items of income that are amounts subject to withholding as defined in 
Sec.  1.1441-2(a) (excluding income effectively connected with the 
conduct of a trade or business within the United States) or 
withholdable payments under Sec.  1.1473-1(a) occurring during a 
taxable year may be treated as extraordinary items if the partners 
agree (within the meaning of Sec.  1.706-4(f)) to consistently treat 
all such items as extraordinary items for that taxable year. If the 
partners so agree, then for purposes of section 706 such items shall be 
treated as occurring at the next time as of which the recipients of a 
distribution by the PTP are determined, or, to the extent such income 
items arise between the final time during the taxable year as of which 
the recipients of a distribution are determined and the end of the 
taxable year, such items shall be treated as occurring at the final 
time during the taxable year as of which the recipients of a 
distribution by the PTP are determined. However, this rule does not 
apply unless the PTP has a regular practice of making at least four 
distributions (other than de minimis distributions) to its partners 
each taxable year. The proposed regulations contain an example 
illustrating this rule.
    The final regulations generally require extraordinary items to be 
allocated without regard to the partnership's method or convention. 
However, Sec.  1.706-4(e)(1) of the final regulations provides that 
PTPs may, but are not required to, respect the applicable conventions 
in determining who held their publicly traded units at the time of the 
occurrence of an extraordinary item. The Treasury Department and the 
IRS believe that this exception should be turned off for all items 
subject to the new proposed extraordinary item rule for PTPs to ensure 
that each partner's distributive share of such items is linked to the 
related cash distributions. Accordingly, the proposed regulations 
modify the rule in Sec.  1.706-4(e)(1) to provide that PTPs that choose 
to treat items subject to withholding under section 1441 as 
extraordinary items must allocate those items among the partners in 
proportion to their interests in those items at the time as of which 
the recipients of the relevant distribution are determined, regardless 
of the method and convention otherwise used by the PTP.
    Taxpayers may rely on this proposed additional extraordinary item 
until final regulations are published. The proposed regulations do not 
use the phrase ``record holders on the date the distribution is 
declared,'' because the Treasury Department and the IRS understand that 
the recipients of a distribution by a PTP may be determined as of a 
time other than on the date the distribution is declared. The Treasury 
Department and the IRS request comments on the operation of this 
special rule, and on the interaction between the rules under section 
706 and PTP allocations generally.

4. Coordination With Proposed Partnership Equity for Services 
Regulations

    On May 24, 2005, the Treasury Department and the IRS published a 
notice of proposed rulemaking (REG-105346-03, 70 FR 29675) in the 
Federal Register, the proposed Partnership Equity for Services 
regulations, relating to the tax treatment of certain transfers of 
partnership interests in connection with the performance of services. 
The proposed Partnership Equity for Services regulations provide rules 
for coordinating section 83 with partnership taxation principles. On 
June 13, 2005, the Treasury Department and the IRS published Notice 
2005-43, I.R.B. 2005-24, setting forth a proposed revenue procedure 
providing additional related guidance. The proposed Partnership Equity 
for Services regulations and the proposed revenue procedure are not 
effective until finalized. Notice 2005-43 provides that, until then, 
taxpayers may continue to rely on Rev. Proc. 93-27, 1993-2 C.B. 343, 
and Rev. Proc. 2001-43, 2001-2 C.B. 191. The Treasury Department and 
the IRS continue to consider the interaction of section 83 with 
partnership taxation principles. No inferences should be drawn from 
these proposed regulations as to the resolution of the issues addressed 
in the proposed Partnership Equity for Services regulations or any 
other related issues.
    The proposed Partnership Equity for Services regulations contain 
two provisions relating to the varying interest rule under section 706. 
First, proposed Sec.  1.706-3(a) of the proposed Partnership Equity for 
Services regulations is intended to provide an exception to the 
allocable cash basis item rules of section 706(d)(2) for deductions for 
the transfer of partnership interests and other property subject to 
section 83. The preamble to the proposed Partnership Equity for 
Services regulations indicates that the exception was intended to allow 
partnerships to allocate such deductions under a closing of the books 
method. The preamble indicates that the Treasury Department and the IRS 
had concluded that, absent treatment under the allocable cash basis 
item rules of section 706(d)(2), the application of section 706(d)(1) 
would adequately ensure that partnership deductions that are 
attributable to the portion of the partnership's taxable year prior to 
a new partner's entry into the partnership are allocated to the 
historic partners.
    The Treasury Department and the IRS have concluded that, in the 
case of a transfer of a partnership interest in connection with the 
performance of services, no portion of the partnership's deduction 
should be allocated to the person who performs the services. However, 
the Treasury Department and the IRS have also concluded that the scope 
of the exception to allocable cash basis treatment in proposed Sec.  
1.706-3(a) may have been too broad because it applies to all transfers 
of property subject to section 83, for which the Treasury Department 
and the IRS request comments under these proposed regulations. 
Therefore, the Treasury Department and the IRS withdraw proposed Sec.  
1.706-3(a). Instead, these

[[Page 45910]]

proposed regulations provide an exception to allocable cash basis 
treatment for deductions for transfers of partnership interests in 
connection with the performance of services. Additionally, to ensure 
that such deductions are allocated solely to partners other than the 
person who performed the services, the proposed regulations add to the 
list of extraordinary items in Sec.  1.706-4(d)(2) any deduction for 
the transfer of an interest in the partnership in connection with the 
performance of services, and clarify that such extraordinary item is 
treated as occurring immediately before the transfer or vesting of the 
partnership interest that results in compensation income for the person 
who performs the services.
    As explained in the final Sec.  1.706-4 in the Rules and 
Regulations section of this issue of the Federal Register, 
extraordinary items generally must be allocated among the partners in 
proportion to their interests in the partnership item at the time of 
day on which the extraordinary item occurs. However, there are 
exceptions to the extraordinary item rules for certain small items in 
Sec.  1.704-4(e)(3) and for partnerships for which capital is not a 
material income-producing factor in Sec.  1.706-4(b)(2)). To ensure 
that partnership deductions attributable to the transfer of interests 
in the partnership in connection with the performance of services are 
always allocated solely to the historic partners, the proposed 
regulations turn off these exceptions to extraordinary item treatment 
for such deductions. Thus, treatment as an extraordinary item subject 
to the special timing rule will ensure that, for both accrual and cash-
method partnerships, no portion of the deduction for the transfer of a 
partnership interest in connection with the performance of services 
will be allocated to the person who performs the services.
    Second, proposed Sec.  1.706-3(b) of the proposed Partnership 
Equity for Services regulations provides that a partnership must make 
certain forfeiture allocations upon forfeiture of a partnership 
interest for which a section 83(b) election was made. In particular, 
proposed Sec.  1.706-3(b) provides that although the person forfeiting 
the interest may not have been a partner for the entire taxable year, 
forfeiture allocations may be made out of the partnership's items for 
the entire taxable year. The Treasury Department and the IRS anticipate 
that if the rules for forfeiture allocations in proposed Sec.  1.706-
3(b) are adopted when the proposed Partnership Equity for Services 
regulations are finalized, those rules will include in Sec.  1.706-3(b) 
an additional exception to the general application of the varying 
interest rule. In the meantime, these proposed regulations move Sec.  
1.706-3(b) of the proposed Partnership Equity for Services regulations 
to new proposed Sec.  1.706-6(a) to accommodate the new proposed 
regulations in Sec.  1.706-3.

Proposed Effective Date

    The regulations are proposed to apply to partnership taxable years 
beginning on or after the date of publication of the Treasury decision 
adopting these regulations as final regulations in the Federal 
Register.

Reliance on Proposed Regulations

    Taxpayers may rely on Sec. Sec.  1.706-4(e)(1) and 1.706-
4(e)(2)(ix) of the proposed regulations (relating to a publicly traded 
partnership's treatment of all amounts subject to withholding as 
defined in Sec.  1.1441-2(a) that are not effectively connected with 
the conduct of a trade or business within the United States or 
withholdable payments under Sec.  1.1473-1(a) as extraordinary items) 
until final regulations are issued.

Special Analyses

    It has been determined that this notice of proposed rulemaking is 
not a significant regulatory action as defined in Executive Order 
12866, as supplemented by Executive Order 13563. Therefore, a 
regulatory assessment is not required. It has also been determined that 
section 553(b) of the Administrative Procedure Act (5 U.S.C. chapter 5) 
does not apply to this proposed regulation, and because this proposed 
regulation does not impose a collection of information on small 
entities, the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. chapter 6) does not 
apply. Pursuant to section 7805(f) of the Code, these regulations have 
been submitted to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small Business 
Administration for comment on its impact on small business.

Comments and Requests for a Public Hearing

    Before these proposed regulations are adopted as final regulations, 
consideration will be given to any written comments (a signed original 
and eight (8) copies) or electronic comments that are submitted timely 
to the IRS. The Treasury Department and the IRS specifically request 
comments on the clarity of the proposed rules and how they can be made 
easier to understand. All comments will be available for public 
inspection and copying. A public hearing will be scheduled if requested 
in writing by any person that timely submits written comments. If a 
public hearing is scheduled, notice of the date, time, and place for 
the public hearing will be published in the Federal Register.

Drafting Information

    The principal author of these proposed regulations is Benjamin H. 
Weaver, Office of the Associate Chief Counsel (Passthroughs and Special 
Industries). However, other personnel from the Treasury Department and 
the IRS participated in their development.

Withdrawal of Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

    Accordingly, under the authority of 26 U.S.C. 7805 and 706(d)(2), 
Sec.  1.706-3(a) of the notice of proposed rulemaking that was 
published in the Federal Register on May 24, 2005 (70 FR 29675), is 
withdrawn.

List of Subjects in 26 CFR Part 1

    Income taxes, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Proposed Amendments to the Regulations

    Accordingly, 26 CFR part 1 is proposed to be amended as follows:

PART 1--INCOME TAXES

0
Paragraph 1. The authority citation for part 1 continues to read in 
part as follows:

    Authority:  26 U.S.C. 7805 * * *
    Sec.  1.706-2 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 706(d)(2)
    Sec.  1.706-3 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 706(d)(3).
    Sec.  1.706-4 also issued under 26 U.S.C. 706(d).* * *

0
Par. 2. Section 1.706-0 is amended by removing the entry for Sec.  
1.706-2T and adding entries for Sec. Sec.  1.706-2, 1.706-3, and 1.706-
6 to read as follows:
    Sec.  1.706-0 Table of contents.
* * * * *
Sec.  1.706-2 Certain cash basis items prorated over period to which 
attributable.
    (a) Allocable cash basis items prorated over period to which 
attributable.
    (1) In general.
    (2) Allocable cash basis item.
    (3) Items attributable to periods not within taxable year.
    (4) Treatment of deductible items attributable to prior periods.
    (b) Example.
    (c) De minimis exception.
    (d) Effective/applicability date.
Sec.  1.706-3 Items attributable to interest in lower-tier partnership 
prorated over entire taxable year.

[[Page 45911]]

    (a) General rule.
    (b) Safe harbor.
    (c) De minimis upper-tier partner exception.
    (d) Effective/applicability date.
* * * * *
Sec.  1.706-6 Property transferred in connection with the performance 
of services.
    (a) Forfeiture allocations.
    (b) Effective date.
0
Par. 3. Section 1.706-2 is added to read as follows:


Sec.  1.706-2  Certain cash basis items allocable.

    (a) Allocable cash basis items prorated over period to which 
attributable--(1) In general. If during any taxable year of the 
partnership there is a change in any partner's interest in the 
partnership, then each partner's distributive share of any allocable 
cash basis item shall be determined--
    (i) By assigning the appropriate portion of such item to each day 
in the period to which it is attributable; and
    (ii) By allocating the portion assigned to any such day among the 
partners in proportion to their interests in the partnership at the 
close of such day.
    (2) Allocable cash basis item. For purposes of this section, the 
term allocable cash basis item means any of the following items of 
deduction, loss, income, or gain with respect to which the partnership 
uses the cash receipts and disbursements method of accounting:
    (i) Interest;
    (ii) Taxes;
    (iii) Payments for the use of property or for services (other than 
deductions for the transfer of an interest in the partnership in 
connection with the performance of services; such deductions generally 
must be allocated under the rules for extraordinary items in Sec.  
1.706-4(d));
    (iv) Any allowable deduction that had been previously deferred 
under section 267(a)(2);
    (v) Any deduction, loss, income, or gain item that accrues over 
time and that would, if not allocated as an allocable cash basis item, 
result in the significant misstatement of a partner's income.
    (3) Items attributable to periods not within taxable year. If any 
portion of any allocable cash basis item is attributable to--
    (i) Any period before the beginning of the taxable year, such 
portion shall be assigned under paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section to 
the first day of the taxable year, or
    (ii) Any period after the close of the taxable year, such portion 
shall be assigned under paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section to the last 
day of the taxable year.
    (4) Treatment of deductible items attributable to prior periods. If 
any portion of a deductible cash basis item is assigned under paragraph 
(a)(3)(i) of this section to the first day of any taxable year--
    (i) Such portion shall be allocated among persons who are partners 
in the partnership during the period to which such portion is 
attributable in accordance with their varying interests in the 
partnership during such period; and
    (ii) Any amount allocated under paragraph (a)(4)(i) of this section 
to a person who is not a partner in the partnership on such first day 
shall be capitalized by the partnership and allocated among partnership 
assets under the principles of section 755 (applying the principles of 
Sec.  1.755-1(b) for partners who sold or exchanged their interest, and 
the principles of Sec.  1.755-1(c) for partners who received a 
distribution from the partnership in exchange for their interest).

    (b) Example 1.  On January 1, 2015, A, B, and C are equal one-
third partners in PRS, a calendar year partnership that uses the 
cash receipts and disbursements method of accounting. On July 1, 
2015, A sells her entire interest in PRS to D. On December 1, 2015, 
PRS pays a $12,000 interest expense that is attributable to every 
day in PRS's taxable year. Assume the de minimis exception of 
paragraph (c) of this section does not apply, and that the $12,000 
interest expense must be allocated under the rules of paragraph (a) 
of this section. A was a partner in PRS for 181 days, and D was a 
partner in PRS for 184 days, including on July 1 pursuant to 
paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section. Under paragraph (a) of this 
section, A is entitled to 181/365 of her otherwise allocable share 
of deductions for the $12,000 interest expense, and D is entitled to 
184/365 of his otherwise allocable share of deductions for the 
$12,000 interest expense. Thus, PRS allocates the interest expense 
deductions $1,983.56 to A, $2,016.44 to D, and $4,000 to each B and 
C.
    Example 2.  In 2015, E, F, and G are equal one-third partners in 
PRS, a calendar year partnership that uses the cash receipts and 
disbursements method of accounting. On December 31, 2015, E sells 
her entire interest in PRS to H. In November 2016, PRS makes a 
$6,000 payment for the use of property that is attributable to the 
period from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016. Assume the de 
minimis exception of paragraph (c) of this section does not apply, 
and that the $6,000 payment for the use of property must be 
allocated under the rules of paragraph (a) of this section. Under 
paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section, half of the $6,000 expense is 
attributable to 2015 and must be assigned to January 1, 2016. Of 
this $3,000 assigned to January 1, 2016, one-third is allocable to 
each E, F, and G under paragraph (a)(4)(i) of this section. However, 
because E is not a partner in 2016, PRS must capitalize E's $1,000 
share of the expense under paragraph (a)(4)(ii) of this section. 
Because E sold her interest to H, PRS must treat the capitalized 
$1,000 similar to a section 743(b) adjustment for H allocated among 
PRS's property under the principles of Sec.  1.755-1(b).
    Example 3.  Assume the same facts as Example 2, except that on 
December 31, 2015, PRS distributed property to E in complete 
redemption of E's interest, and H never becomes a partner in PRS. 
PRS must capitalize E's $1,000 share of the expense under paragraph 
(a)(4)(ii) of this section. However, because E was redeemed, PRS 
must instead treat the capitalized $1,000 similar to a section 
734(b) common basis adjustment allocated among PRS's property under 
the principles of Sec.  1.755-1(c).

    (c) De minimis exception. An item described in paragraph (a)(2) of 
this section will not be subject to the rules of this section if, for 
the partnership's taxable year the total amount of the particular class 
of allocable cash basis items described in paragraph (a)(2)(i) through 
(v) of this section (but in no event counting an item more than once) 
is less than five percent of the partnership's gross income, including 
tax-exempt income described in section 705(a)(1)(B), in the case of 
income or gain items, or gross expenses and losses, including section 
705(a)(2)(B) expenditures, in the case of losses and expense items; and 
the total amount of allocable cash basis items from all classes of 
allocable cash basis items amounting to less than five percent of the 
partnership's gross income, including tax-exempt income described in 
section 705(a)(1)(B), in the case of income or gain items, or gross 
expenses and losses, including section 705(a)(2)(B) expenditures, in 
the case of losses and expense items, does not exceed $10 million in 
the taxable year, determined by treating all such allocable cash basis 
items as positive amounts.
    (d) Effective/applicability date. This section applies to taxable 
years beginning on or after the date of publication of the Treasury 
decision adopting these rules as a final regulation in the Federal 
Register.


Sec.  1.706-2T  [Removed]

0
Par. 4. Section 1.706-2T is removed.
0
Par. 5. Section 1.706-3 is added to read as follows:


Sec.  1.706-3  Items attributable to interest in lower-tier 
partnership.

    (a) General rule. Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of 
this section, if during any taxable year of the partnership--

[[Page 45912]]

    (1) There is a change in any partner's interest in the partnership 
(the upper-tier partnership); and
    (2) Such partnership is a partner in another partnership (the 
lower-tier partnership),


then each partner's distributive share of any item of the upper-tier 
partnership attributable to the lower-tier partnership shall be 
determined by assigning the appropriate portion (determined by applying 
principles similar to the principles of Sec.  1.706-2(a)(3) and (4)) of 
each such item to the appropriate days during which the upper-tier 
partnership is a partner in the lower-tier partnership and by 
allocating the portion assigned to any such day among the partners in 
proportion to their interests in the upper-tier partnership at the 
close of such day. An upper-tier partnership's distributive share of 
any items of income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit from a lower-tier 
partnership is considered to be realized or sustained by the upper-tier 
partnership at the same time and in the same manner as such items were 
realized or sustained by the lower-tier partnership. For an additional 
example of the application of the principles of this paragraph (a), see 
Revenue Ruling 77-311, 1977-2 CB 218. See section 601.601(d)(2)(ii)(b).
    (b) De minimis upper-tier partnership exception. A de minimis 
upper-tier partnership is not required to, but may, apply paragraph (a) 
of this section. For purposes of this paragraph, a de minimis upper-
tier partnership is a partnership that directly owns an interest in 
less than 10 percent of the profits and capital of the lower-tier 
partnership. This paragraph (b) only applies if all de minimis upper-
tier partnerships own an interest in, in the aggregate, less than 30 
percent of the profits and capital of the lower-tier partnership, and 
if no partnership is created with a purpose of avoiding the application 
of this section.


    (c) Example 1.  On January 1, 2015, A, B, and C are equal one-
third partners in UTP, a calendar year partnership that uses the 
proration method and calendar day convention to account for 
variations during its taxable year. UTP is itself a partner in a 
lower-tier partnership, LTP, which is also a calendar year 
partnership. UTP owns a 15 percent interest in the profits and 
capital of LTP throughout 2015. On August 1, 2015, A sells her 
entire interest in UTP to D. During 2015, LTP incurred $100,000 of 
ordinary deductions, which were attributable to the period from 
January 1, 2015, to July 1, 2015. None of LTP's deductions were 
extraordinary items within the meaning of Sec.  1.706-4(e). UTP's 
distributive share of LTP's deductions is $15,000. Under paragraph 
(a) of this section, UTP must assign the $15,000 equally among all 
days from January 1, 2015 to July 1, 2015, and allocate the assigned 
daily portions among its partners in accordance with their interests 
in UTP on those days. Accordingly, A, B, and C are each allocated 
$5,000 of the deduction, and D is not allocated any portion of the 
deduction.


    Example 2.  Assume the same facts as Example 1, except that UTP 
owned a 9 percent interest in the profits and capital of LTP 
throughout 2015, and that LTP had only one other partner, which 
owned the remaining 91 percent of LTP. UTP's distributive share of 
LTP's $100,000 ordinary deductions is $9,000. UTP qualifies as a de 
minimis upper-tier partnership under paragraph (b) of this section, 
and therefore UTP is not required to apply the rules of paragraph 
(a) of this section. Instead, UTP may apply the rules of Sec.  
1.706-4 to the $9,000 ordinary deduction. If UTP decides to apply 
the rules of Sec.  1.706-4, UTP prorates the $9,000 deduction 
equally over its entire taxable year, and allocates it according to 
its partners' interests on each day. Because A was a partner in UTP 
for 213 days, and D was a partner in UTP for 152 days, UTP allocates 
the $9,000 deduction $3,000 to each of B and C, $1,750.68 to A, and 
$1,249.32 to D.

    Example 3.  Assume the same facts as Example 2, except that UTP 
uses the interim closing method rather than the proration method. 
UTP qualifies as a de minimis upper-tier partnership under paragraph 
(b) of this section, and therefore UTP is not required to apply the 
rules of paragraph (a) of this section. Instead, UTP may apply the 
rules of Sec.  1.706-4 to the $9,000 ordinary deduction. UTP's 
distributive share of LTP items is considered to have been realized 
or sustained by UTP at the same time and in the same manner as such 
items were realized or sustained by LTP. Accordingly, even if UTP 
decides to apply the rules of Sec.  1.706-4, UTP's application of 
the interim closing method of Sec.  1.706-4 to the $9,000 deduction 
results in UTP allocating to each of A, B, and C $3,000 of the 
deduction, and not allocating any portion of the deduction to D. UTP 
would reach the same result if it had instead chosen to apply the 
rules of paragraph (a) of this section.
    (d) Effective/applicability date. This section applies to 
partnership taxable years beginning on or after the date of publication 
of the Treasury decision adopting these rules as a final regulation in 
the Federal Register.


Sec.  1.706-3(b) and (c)  [Redesignated as Sec.  1.706-6(a) and (b)]

0
Par. 6. As proposed to be added May 24, 2005 (70 FR 29675), redesignate 
Sec.  1.706-3(b) and (c) as Sec.  1.706-6(a) and (b).
0
Par. 7. Section 1.706-4 is amended by:
0
a. Adding a new sentence to the end of paragraph (b)(2);
0
b. Revising paragraph (e)(1);
0
c. Redesignating paragraphs (e)(2)(ix), (x), and (xi) as paragraphs 
(e)(2)(xi), (xii), and (xiii) respectively;
0
d. Adding new paragraphs (e)(2)(ix) and (e)(2)(x);
0
e. Adding a new sentence to the end of paragraph (e)(3);
0
f. Revising paragraph (e)(4) Example 3; and
0
g. Revising the first sentence of paragraph (f).
    The additions and revisions read as follows:


Sec.  1.706-4  Determination of distributive share when a partner's 
interest varies.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) * * * However, this paragraph (b)(2) does not apply to any 
deduction for the transfer of an interest in the partnership in 
connection with the performance of services. Instead, such deduction 
must be allocated under the extraordinary item rules of paragraphs 
(e)(1) and (2) of this section.
* * * * *
    (e) * * *(1) General principles. Extraordinary items may not be 
prorated. The partnership must allocate extraordinary items among the 
partners in proportion to their interests in the partnership item at 
the time of day on which the extraordinary item occurred, regardless of 
the method (interim closing or proration method) and convention (daily, 
semi-monthly, or monthly) otherwise used by the partnership. These 
rules require the allocation of extraordinary items as an exception to 
the proration method, which would otherwise ratably allocate the 
extraordinary items across the segment, and the conventions, which 
could otherwise inappropriately shift extraordinary items between a 
transferor and transferee. However, publicly traded partnerships (as 
defined in section 7704(b)) that are treated as partnerships may, but 
are not required to, apply their selected convention in determining who 
held publicly traded units (as described in Sec.  1.7704-1(b) or Sec.  
1.7704-1(c)(1)) at the time of the occurrence of any extraordinary item 
except extraordinary items described in paragraph (e)(2)(ix) of this 
section. Publicly traded partnerships that choose to treat items 
described in paragraph (e)(2)(ix) of this section as extraordinary 
items must allocate those items among the partners in proportion to 
their interests in those items at the time of day on which the items 
are deemed to have occurred according to the special timing rules for 
those items in paragraph (e)(2)(ix) of this section, regardless of the 
method and convention otherwise used by the partnership. Extraordinary 
items continue to be subject to any special limitation or requirement 
relating to the

[[Page 45913]]

timing or amount of income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit applicable 
to the entire partnership taxable year (for example, the limitation for 
section 179 expenses).
    (2) * * *
    (ix) For publicly traded partnerships (as defined in section 
7704(b)), any item of income that is an amount subject to withholding 
as defined in Sec.  1.1441-2(a) (excluding amounts effectively 
connected with the conduct of a trade or business within the United 
States) or a withholdable payment under Sec.  1.1473-1(a) occurring 
during a taxable year if the partners agree (within the meaning of 
paragraph (e) of this section) to consistently treat all such items as 
extraordinary items for that taxable year. If the partners so agree, 
then for purposes of section 706 such items shall be treated as 
occurring at the next time as of which the recipients of a distribution 
by the partnership are determined, or, to the extent such income items 
arise between the final time during the taxable year as of which the 
recipients of a distribution by the partnership are determined and the 
end of the taxable year, such items shall be treated as occurring at 
the final time during the taxable year as of which the recipients of a 
distribution by the partnership are determined. This paragraph 
(e)(2)(ix) does not apply unless the partnership has a regular practice 
of making at least four distributions (other than de minimis 
distributions) to its partners during each taxable year.
    (x) Any deduction for the transfer of an interest in the 
partnership in connection with the performance of services. Such an 
extraordinary item is treated as occurring immediately before the 
transfer or vesting of the partnership interest that results in 
compensation income for the person who performs the services, but in no 
case shall the item be treated as occurring prior to the beginning of 
the partnership's taxable year.
* * * * *
    (3) * * * However, this paragraph (e)(3) does not apply to any 
deduction for the transfer of an interest in the partnership in 
connection with the performance of services. Instead, such deduction 
must be allocated under the extraordinary item rules of paragraphs 
(e)(1) and (2) of this section.
    (4) * * *

    Example 3.  (i) Assume the same facts as in Example 2, except 
that PRS is a publicly traded partnership (within the meaning of 
section 7704(b)), A held a publicly traded unit (as described in 
Sec.  1.7704-1(b) or Sec.  1.7704-1(c)(1)) in PRS, and the 
extraordinary item recognized at 3:15 p.m. on December 7, 2015 is 
not described in paragraph (e)(2)(ix) of this section. Under PRS's 
monthly convention, the December 12 variation is deemed to have 
occurred for purposes of this section at the end of the day on 
November 30, 2015. Pursuant to paragraph (e)(1) of this section, a 
publicly traded partnership (as defined in section 7704(b)) may 
choose to respect its conventions in determining who held its 
publicly traded units (as described in Sec.  1.7704-1(b) or Sec.  
1.7704-1(c)(1)) at the time of the occurrence of an extraordinary 
item, except for extraordinary items described in paragraph 
(e)(2)(ix) of this section. Therefore, PRS may choose to treat A as 
not having been a partner in PRS for purposes of this paragraph (e) 
at the time the extraordinary item arose, and thus PRS may choose 
not to allocate A any share of the extraordinary item.
    (ii) Assume the same facts as in paragraph (i) of this Example 
3, except that on November 5, 2015, PRS recognizes an item of income 
that is an amount subject to withholding as defined in Sec.  1.1441-
2(a) (and that is not effectively connected with the conduct of a 
trade or business within the United States). PRS has a regular 
practice of making quarterly distributions to its partners each 
taxable year. PRS determines that the recipients of its fourth-
quarter distribution will be interest holders of record at the close 
of business on December 15, 2015. The partners of PRS agree (within 
the meaning of paragraph (f) of this section) to consistently treat 
all such items during the taxable year as extraordinary items. 
Pursuant to paragraph (e)(2)(ix) of this section, the item of income 
that arose on November 5 is treated as an extraordinary item 
occurring at the next time as of which the recipients of a 
distribution by the partnership are determined (unless that time 
occurs in a different taxable year). Because December 15 occurs 
before the end of PRS's taxable year, the item of income is treated 
as occurring at the close of business on December 15, and must be 
allocated according to PRS's partners' interests at that time, 
determined without regard to PRS's applicable convention. Therefore, 
A will not be allocated any share of the item because A disposed of 
its entire interest in PRS before the close of business on December 
15.
    (iii) Assume the same facts as in paragraph (ii) of this Example 
3, except that PRS determines that the recipients of its fourth-
quarter distribution will be interest holders of record at the close 
of business on January 15, 2016, and PRS determines that the 
recipients of its third-quarter distribution will be interest 
holders of record at the close of business on October 21, 2015. 
Therefore, the last time during 2015 as of which the recipients of a 
distribution by PRS are determined is at the close of business on 
October 21, 2015. Pursuant to paragraph (e)(2)(ix) of this section, 
because the item of income subject to withholding as defined in 
Sec.  1.1441-2(a) which arises on November 5 arises between the 
final time during the taxable year as of which the recipients of a 
distribution are determined and the end of the taxable year, such 
item shall be treated as occurring at the final time during the 
taxable year as of which the recipients of a distribution by the 
partnership are determined. Therefore, the item of income subject to 
withholding as defined in Sec.  1.1441-2(a) which arises on November 
5, 2015 is treated as occurring at the close of business on October 
21, 2015, and must be allocated according to PRS's partners' 
interests at that time.
    (f) Agreement of the partners. For purposes of paragraphs 
(a)(3)(iii) (relating to selection of the proration method), (c)(3) 
(relating to selection of the semi-monthly or monthly convention), 
(d)(1) (relating to performance of regular semi-monthly or monthly 
interim closings), (e)(2)(ix) (relating to a publicly traded 
partnership's treatment of all amounts subject to withholding as 
defined in Sec.  1.1441-2(a) that are not effectively connected with 
the conduct of a trade or business within the United States or 
withholdable payments under Sec.  1.1473-1(a) as extraordinary items), 
and (e)(2)(xi) (relating to selection of additional extraordinary 
items) of this section, the term agreement of the partners means either 
an agreement of all the partners to select the method, convention, or 
extraordinary item in a dated, written statement maintained with the 
partnership's books and records, including, for example, a selection 
that is included in the partnership agreement, or a selection of the 
method, convention, or extraordinary item made by a person authorized 
to make that selection, including under a grant of general authority 
provided for by either state law or in the partnership agreement, if 
that person's selection is in a dated, written statement maintained 
with the partnership's books and records.
* * * * *

Karen L. Schiller,
Acting Deputy Commissioner for Services and Enforcement.
[FR Doc. 2015-18817 Filed 7-31-15; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4830-01-P
Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 148 / Monday, August 3, 2015 / Proposed Rules 45907

in the statute: (i) interest, (ii) taxes, and proposed regulations. Accordingly, the should provide an exception to the
(iii) payments for services or for the use proposed regulations provide that an capitalization rules of section
of property. However, as discussed in allocable cash basis item will not be 706(d)(2)(D)(ii) in cases where the
part 4 of this preamble, the proposed subject to the rules in section 706(d)(2) former partner ceased to be a partner in
regulations contain an exception for if, for the partnership’s taxable year: (1) the partnership as a result of the
deductions for the transfer of an interest The total of the particular class of partner’s contribution of its partnership
in the partnership in connection with allocable cash basis items (for example, interest to another entity in a non-
the performance of services; such all interest income) is less than five recognition transaction.
deductions generally must be allocated percent of the partnership’s (a) gross
2. Tiered Partnerships
under the rules for extraordinary items income, including tax-exempt income
in § 1.706–4(d). described in section 705(a)(1)(B), in the With respect to tiered partnerships,
Section 706(d)(2)(B)(iv) specifically case of income or gain items, or (b) gross the proposed regulations provide that
grants the Secretary regulatory authority expenses and losses, including section the daily allocation method used for
to include additional items in the list of 705(a)(2)(B) expenditures, in the case of cash basis items applies to all items of
allocable cash basis items to avoid losses and expense items; and (2) the the lower-tier partnership if there is a
significant misstatements of the income total amount of allocable cash basis change in any partner’s interest in the
of the partners. Pursuant to the items from all classes of allocable cash upper-tier partnership.
regulatory authority granted in section basis items amounting to less than five Commenters noted the administrative
706(d)(2)(B)(iv), the proposed percent of the partnership’s (a) gross burden of the daily allocation method
regulations provide that the term income, including tax-exempt income on tiered partnerships. Commenters
‘‘allocable cash basis item’’ includes any described in section 705(a)(1)(B), in the stated that obtaining information from a
allowable deduction that had been case of income or gain items, or (b) gross lower-tier partnership to track changes
previously deferred under section expenses and losses, including section in the ownership interest in an upper-
267(a)(2). This provision incorporates 705(a)(2)(B) expenditures, in the case of tier partnership is burdensome, and
the concept of § 1.706–2T and includes losses and expense items, does not often impractical, unless the upper-tier
within the meaning of ‘‘allocable cash exceed $10 million in the taxable year, partnership owns a controlling interest
basis item’’ amounts deferred under determined by treating all such in the lower-tier partnership. One
section 267(a)(2) in the year in which allocable cash basis items as positive commenter suggested that the Treasury
the deduction is allowed. Accordingly, amounts. Department and the IRS issue interim
§ 1.706–2T is proposed to be withdrawn Additionally, the Treasury guidance to provide that section
by final regulations issued under section Department and the IRS request 706(d)(3) should not apply to a change
706(d)(2). comments on whether the final in a partner’s interest in an upper-tier
Finally, pursuant to the regulatory regulations should provide an exception partnership unless the upper-tier
authority granted in section for certain items of income or deduction partnership owns an interest in more
706(d)(2)(B)(iv), the proposed arising from payments for services or for than 50 percent of the profits and
regulations provide that the term the use of property. For example, capital of the lower-tier partnership.
‘‘allocable cash basis item’’ also comments are requested on whether Another commenter recommended an
includes any item of income, gain, loss, payments for services or for the use of exception when the upper-tier
or deduction that accrues over time and property should be excluded from the partnership owns a relatively small
that would, if not allocated as an rules in section 706(d)(2) if they arise portion (such as 10 percent or less) of
allocable cash basis item, result in the and are, as applicable, paid or received the lower-tier partnership. The Treasury
significant misstatement of a partner’s in the ordinary course of the Department and the IRS acknowledge
income. To provide additional partnership’s business (such as the that a lack of information sharing among
clarification on the scope of the rule in regular payment of wages to employees), tiered partnerships may make it difficult
proposed § 1.706–2(a)(2)(v), the and whether deferred compensation or to comply with a daily allocation
Treasury Department and the IRS contingency or success-based fees and requirement. Thus, the proposed
believe that items such as rebate other payments for services based on regulations provide an exception from
payments, refund payments, insurance performance conditions (which are not section 706(d)(3) if the upper-tier
premiums, prepayments, and cash calculated based on an hourly rate) partnership directly owns an interest in
advances are examples of items which, should be subject to the rules of section less than 10 percent of the profits and
if not allocated in the manner described 706(d)(2) (and, if so, on the proper capital of the lower-tier partnership (‘‘a
in section 706(d)(2), could result in the method for assigning the appropriate de minimis upper-tier partnership’’), all
significant misstatement of a partner’s portion of such item to each day in the de minimis upper-tier partnerships in
income. The Treasury Department and period). aggregate own an interest in less than 30
the IRS request comments on the The proposed regulations contain two percent of the profits and capital of the
inclusion of these items and other items examples illustrating the operation of lower-tier partnership, and if no
within the meaning of ‘‘allocable cash section 706(d)(2)(D)(ii), which requires partnership is created with a purpose of
basis items.’’ certain portions of deductible cash basis avoiding the application of the tiered
One commenter noted that section items to be capitalized in the manner partnership rules of section 706(d)(3).
706(d)(2) imposes the same provided in section 755 in the event that The application of this exception is
administrative burden on partnerships the deduction is otherwise partially determined at each tier, depending on
mstockstill on DSK4VPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS

regardless of the percentage of the allocable to a former partner who is no the interests held by the direct partners
partner’s total expenses that are longer a partner as of the first day of the at each tier. Thus, in the case of an
allocable cash basis items and therefore partnership’s taxable year. The Treasury upper-tier partnership owning an
recommended that regulations under Department and the IRS request interest in a middle tier partnership,
section 706(d)(2) include a de minimis comments on the appropriate which in turn owns an interest in a
rule. The Treasury Department and the interaction between the principles and lower-tier partnership, it may be the
IRS agree that a de minimis rule is rules of section 755 and section 706(d), case that the exception applies to the
appropriate given the scope of the including whether the final regulations upper-tier partnership’s interest in the

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45910 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 148 / Monday, August 3, 2015 / Proposed Rules

proposed regulations provide an Services regulations are finalized, those hearing will be scheduled if requested
exception to allocable cash basis rules will include in § 1.706–3(b) an in writing by any person that timely
treatment for deductions for transfers of additional exception to the general submits written comments. If a public
partnership interests in connection with application of the varying interest rule. hearing is scheduled, notice of the date,
the performance of services. In the meantime, these proposed time, and place for the public hearing
Additionally, to ensure that such regulations move § 1.706–3(b) of the will be published in the Federal
deductions are allocated solely to proposed Partnership Equity for Register.
partners other than the person who Services regulations to new proposed
performed the services, the proposed Drafting Information
§ 1.706–6(a) to accommodate the new
regulations add to the list of proposed regulations in § 1.706–3. The principal author of these
extraordinary items in § 1.706–4(d)(2) proposed regulations is Benjamin H.
any deduction for the transfer of an Proposed Effective Date Weaver, Office of the Associate Chief
interest in the partnership in connection The regulations are proposed to apply Counsel (Passthroughs and Special
with the performance of services, and to partnership taxable years beginning Industries). However, other personnel
clarify that such extraordinary item is on or after the date of publication of the from the Treasury Department and the
treated as occurring immediately before Treasury decision adopting these IRS participated in their development.
the transfer or vesting of the partnership regulations as final regulations in the
Withdrawal of Notice of Proposed
interest that results in compensation Federal Register.
Rulemaking
income for the person who performs the
Reliance on Proposed Regulations Accordingly, under the authority of
services.
As explained in the final § 1.706–4 in Taxpayers may rely on §§ 1.706– 26 U.S.C. 7805 and 706(d)(2), § 1.706–
the Rules and Regulations section of this 4(e)(1) and 1.706–4(e)(2)(ix) of the 3(a) of the notice of proposed
issue of the Federal Register, proposed regulations (relating to a rulemaking that was published in the
extraordinary items generally must be publicly traded partnership’s treatment Federal Register on May 24, 2005 (70
allocated among the partners in of all amounts subject to withholding as FR 29675), is withdrawn.
proportion to their interests in the defined in § 1.1441–2(a) that are not
List of Subjects in 26 CFR Part 1
partnership item at the time of day on effectively connected with the conduct
which the extraordinary item occurs. of a trade or business within the United Income taxes, Reporting and
However, there are exceptions to the States or withholdable payments under recordkeeping requirements.
extraordinary item rules for certain § 1.1473–1(a) as extraordinary items) Proposed Amendments to the
small items in § 1.704–4(e)(3) and for until final regulations are issued. Regulations
partnerships for which capital is not a
Special Analyses Accordingly, 26 CFR part 1 is
material income-producing factor in
§ 1.706–4(b)(2)). To ensure that It has been determined that this notice proposed to be amended as follows:
partnership deductions attributable to of proposed rulemaking is not a
significant regulatory action as defined PART 1—INCOME TAXES
the transfer of interests in the
partnership in connection with the in Executive Order 12866, as ■ Paragraph 1. The authority citation
performance of services are always supplemented by Executive Order for part 1 continues to read in part as
allocated solely to the historic partners, 13563. Therefore, a regulatory follows:
the proposed regulations turn off these assessment is not required. It has also
been determined that section 553(b) of Authority: 26 U.S.C. 7805 * * *
exceptions to extraordinary item
the Administrative Procedure Act (5 § 1.706–2 also issued under 26 U.S.C.
treatment for such deductions. Thus, 706(d)(2)
treatment as an extraordinary item U.S.C. chapter 5) does not apply to this § 1.706–3 also issued under 26 U.S.C.
subject to the special timing rule will proposed regulation, and because this 706(d)(3).
ensure that, for both accrual and cash- proposed regulation does not impose a § 1.706–4 also issued under 26 U.S.C.
method partnerships, no portion of the collection of information on small 706(d).* * *
deduction for the transfer of a entities, the Regulatory Flexibility Act ■ Par. 2. Section 1.706–0 is amended by
partnership interest in connection with (5 U.S.C. chapter 6) does not apply. removing the entry for § 1.706–2T and
the performance of services will be Pursuant to section 7805(f) of the Code, adding entries for §§ 1.706–2, 1.706–3,
allocated to the person who performs these regulations have been submitted and 1.706–6 to read as follows:
the services. to the Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the § 1.706–0 Table of contents.
Second, proposed § 1.706–3(b) of the Small Business Administration for
proposed Partnership Equity for * * * * *
comment on its impact on small
§ 1.706–2 Certain cash basis items
Services regulations provides that a business.
prorated over period to which
partnership must make certain forfeiture
Comments and Requests for a Public attributable.
allocations upon forfeiture of a
Hearing (a) Allocable cash basis items prorated
partnership interest for which a section
Before these proposed regulations are over period to which attributable.
83(b) election was made. In particular, (1) In general.
proposed § 1.706–3(b) provides that adopted as final regulations, (2) Allocable cash basis item.
although the person forfeiting the consideration will be given to any (3) Items attributable to periods not
interest may not have been a partner for written comments (a signed original and
mstockstill on DSK4VPTVN1PROD with PROPOSALS

within taxable year.
the entire taxable year, forfeiture eight (8) copies) or electronic comments (4) Treatment of deductible items
allocations may be made out of the that are submitted timely to the IRS. The attributable to prior periods.
partnership’s items for the entire taxable Treasury Department and the IRS (b) Example.
year. The Treasury Department and the specifically request comments on the (c) De minimis exception.
IRS anticipate that if the rules for clarity of the proposed rules and how (d) Effective/applicability date.
forfeiture allocations in proposed they can be made easier to understand. § 1.706–3 Items attributable to interest
§ 1.706–3(b) are adopted when the All comments will be available for in lower-tier partnership prorated
proposed Partnership Equity for public inspection and copying. A public over entire taxable year.

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Document Created: 2018-02-23 10:51:44
Document Modified: 2018-02-23 10:51:44
Category		Regulatory Information
Collection		Federal Register
sudoc Class		AE 2.7: GS 4.107: AE 2.106:
Publisher		Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
Section		Proposed Rules
Action		Partial withdrawal of notice of proposed rulemaking and notice of proposed rulemaking.
Dates		Written or electronic comments and requests for a public hearing must be received by November 2, 2015. As of August 3, 2015, the notice of proposed rulemaking that was published in the Federal Register on May 24, 2005 (70 FR 29675), is partially withdrawn.
Contact		Concerning the proposed regulations, Benjamin H. Weaver, (202) 317-6850; concerning submissions of comments and requests for public hearing, Regina Johnson, (202) 317-6901 (not toll free numbers).
FR Citation		80 FR 45905
RIN Number		1545-BJ34
CFR Associated		Income Taxes and Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements
80 FR 45905 - Allocable Cash Basis and Tiered Partnership Items

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURYInternal Revenue Service

Federal Register Volume 80, Issue 148 (August 3, 2015)

DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
Internal Revenue Service
