80_FR_55193 80 FR 55016 - Importation of Fresh Peppers From Peru into the Continental United States and the Territories

80 FR 55016 - Importation of Fresh Peppers From Peru into the Continental United States and the Territories

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

Federal Register Volume 80, Issue 177 (September 14, 2015)

Page Range55016-55019
FR Document2015-23037

We are amending the fruits and vegetables regulations to allow the importation of fresh peppers into the continental United States and the Territories from Peru. As a condition of entry, the fruit will have to be produced in accordance with a systems approach that includes requirements for fruit fly trapping, pre-harvest inspections, production sites, and packinghouse procedures designed to exclude quarantine pests. The fruit will also be required to be imported in commercial consignments and accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate issued by the national plant protection organization of Peru with an additional declaration stating that the consignment was produced in accordance with the requirements of the systems approach. This action allows for the importation of untreated fresh peppers from Peru while continuing to provide protection against the introduction of plant pests into the continental United States and the Territories.

Federal Register, Volume 80 Issue 177 (Monday, September 14, 2015)
[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 177 (Monday, September 14, 2015)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 55016-55019]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2015-23037]


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DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service

7 CFR Part 319

[Docket No. APHIS-2014-0028]
RIN 0579-AD97


Importation of Fresh Peppers From Peru into the Continental 
United States and the Territories

AGENCY: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: We are amending the fruits and vegetables regulations to allow 
the importation of fresh peppers into the continental United States and 
the Territories from Peru. As a condition of entry, the fruit will have 
to be produced in accordance with a systems approach that includes 
requirements for fruit fly trapping, pre-harvest inspections, 
production sites, and packinghouse procedures designed to exclude 
quarantine pests. The fruit will also be required to be imported in 
commercial consignments and accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate 
issued by the national plant protection organization of Peru with an 
additional declaration stating that the consignment was produced in 
accordance with the requirements of the systems approach. This action 
allows for the importation of untreated fresh peppers from Peru while 
continuing to provide protection against the introduction of plant 
pests into the continental United States and the Territories.

DATES: Effective October 14, 2015.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. George Balady, Senior Regulatory 
Policy Specialist, Plant Health Programs, PPQ, APHIS, 4700 River Road 
Unit 133, Riverdale, MD 20737; (301) 851-2240.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Background

    The regulations in ``Subpart-Fruits and Vegetables'' (7 CFR 319.56-
1 through 319.56-72, referred to below as the regulations) prohibit or 
restrict the importation of fruits and vegetables into the United 
States from certain parts of the world to prevent the introduction and 
dissemination of plant pests that are new to or not widely distributed 
within the United States.
    On April 24, 2015, we published in the Federal Register (80 FR 
22934-22938, Docket No. APHIS-2014-0028) a proposal \1\ to amend the 
regulations in order to allow the common chili pepper (Capsicum annuum 
L.), aji pepper (Capsicum baccatum L.), habanero chili (Capsicum 
chinense Jacq.), Thai pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.), and rocoto 
(Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & Pav.) (hereafter we refer to these species 
as ``fresh peppers'') to be imported into the continental United States 
and the Territories (the Commonwealth of Northern Mariana Islands, the 
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands of the United 
States, and any other territory or possession of the United States).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ To view the proposed rule, supporting documents, and the 
comments we received, go to http://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;D=APHIS-V2014-0028.
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    We prepared a pest risk assessment (PRA) and a risk management 
document (RMD) to accompany the proposed rule. Based on the conclusions 
of the PRA and the RMD, we proposed to allow the importation of fresh 
peppers from Peru into the continental United States and the 
Territories, provided that the fresh peppers were produced in 
accordance with a systems approach consisting of the following 
requirements: Provision of an operational workplan to the Animal and 
Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) by the national plant 
protection organization (NPPO) of Peru; importation in commercial 
consignments only; fresh peppers grown in a pest-free, pest-
exclusionary structure approved by and registered

[[Page 55017]]

with the Peruvian NPPO; inspection of registered production sites prior 
to harvest for the fruit boring moth, Neoleucinodes elegantalis 
(Guen[eacute]e), and Puccinia pampeana Speg., the pathogenic fungus 
that causes pepper and green pepper rust, by the Peruvian NPPO or its 
approved designee; trapping both within and around the production site 
for the South American fruit fly (Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann)) 
and the Mediterranean fruit fly (Medfly, Ceratitis capitata 
(Wiedemann)); packinghouse procedures including registration and 
insect-proof cartons, containers, or coverings; and issuance of a 
phytosanitary certificate.
    We also proposed to add a definition for continental United States 
to the regulations in Sec.  319.56-2, as it is used throughout the 
regulations but not defined.
    We solicited comments concerning our proposal for 60 days ending 
June 23, 2015. We received 23 comments by that date. They were from 
trade organizations, the Peruvian NPPO, consumer groups, ports, the 
Peruvian embassy, and private citizens. All comments except one were 
supportive of the proposed action. The remaining comment is discussed 
below.
    The commenter said that APHIS is dependent on local authorities in 
Peru to enforce the requirements set forth in the regulations and the 
operational workplan. The commenter cited the 2015 Index of Economic 
Freedom issued by The Heritage Foundation \2\ as proof that corruption 
within Peru will most certainly occur in connection with the export of 
fresh peppers.
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    \2\ The 2015 Index of Economic Freedom may be viewed here: 
http://www.heritage.org/index/country/peru.
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    Like the United States, Peru is a signatory to the World Trade 
Organization's Agreement on Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS 
Agreement). As such, it has agreed to respect the phytosanitary 
measures the United States imposes on the importation of plants and 
plant products from Peru when the United States demonstrates the need 
to impose these measures in order to protect plant health within the 
United States. The PRA that accompanied the proposed rule provided 
evidence of such a need. That being said, as we mentioned in the 
proposed rule, APHIS will monitor and audit Peru's implementation of 
the systems approach for the importation of fresh peppers into the 
continental United States and the Territories. If we determine that the 
systems approach has not been fully implemented or maintained, we will 
take appropriate remedial action to ensure that the importation of 
fresh peppers from Peru does not result in the dissemination of plant 
pests within the United States.
    The commenter argued that the interests of pepper producers in the 
United States need to be given the same consideration as U.S. consumers 
or Peruvian producers. The commenter said that, therefore, APHIS needs 
to ensure that U.S. pepper producers would truly be marginally 
affected. To achieve this end, the commenter suggested that APHIS limit 
the importation of fresh peppers from Peru to domestic out-of-season 
growing months.
    APHIS bases market access on potential pest risk and our capacity 
to mitigate that risk. APHIS may implement different entry requirements 
for a commodity based upon port of entry and time of year in order to 
mitigate the risk posed by a pest, but APHIS does not restrict market 
access for the purposes of eliminating market competition.
    We prepared an initial regulatory flexibility analysis to assess 
the potential economic impacts associated with the proposed rule. The 
commenter stated that the initial regulatory flexibility analysis did 
not fully account for the impacts to domestic producers. The commenter 
said that, in addition to reduced sales, domestic pepper producers are 
at a financial disadvantage due to the fact that reductions in crop 
premium insurance for fresh peppers as detailed in the Agricultural Act 
of 2014 \3\ could potentially lead to further financial losses in the 
event that a portion of a producer's pepper crop was destroyed and the 
remaining crop sold at a lower price due to the increased availability 
of imported peppers in the marketplace.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \3\ You may view the Agricultural Act of 2014 on the Internet at 
https://agriculture.house.gov/bill/agricultural-act-2014.
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    The purpose of the economic analysis was to examine whether or not 
the rule will have a significant economic impact on a substantial 
number of small entities. Despite the other pressures on the financial 
viability of domestic pepper producers cited by the commenter, any 
additional impact associated with this rule is expected to be very 
small. An increase in the U.S. fresh pepper supply of less than 0.03 
percent is unlikely to have a significant impact on domestic fresh 
pepper prices and therefore on domestic producers.
    Finally, the commenter maintained that the United States should 
examine any importation requests from Peru in light of what the 
commenter categorized as unfair taxation of U.S. biodiesel in that 
country.
    We disagree. Under the authority of the Plant Protection Act (7 
U.S.C. 7701 et seq.), APHIS may prohibit or restrict the entry of 
plants and plant products into the United States in order to prevent 
the introduction of plant pests or noxious weeds. Trade considerations 
such as those suggested by the commenter do not factor into such 
determinations.
    Therefore, for the reasons given in the proposed rule and in this 
document, we are adopting the proposed rule as a final rule, without 
change.

Executive Order 12866 and Regulatory Flexibility Act

    This final rule has been determined to be not significant for the 
purposes of Executive Order 12866 and, therefore, has not been reviewed 
by the Office of Management and Budget.
    In accordance with the Regulatory Flexibility Act, we have analyzed 
the potential economic effects of this action on small entities. The 
analysis is summarized below. Copies of the full analysis are available 
on the Regulations.gov Web site (see footnote 1 in this document for a 
link to Regulations.gov) or by contacting the person listed under FOR 
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT.
    The rule will amend the regulations to allow the importation of 
fresh peppers from Peru into the continental United States and the 
Territories when a systems approach to pest risk mitigation is used to 
prevent the introduction of quarantine pests. The systems approach will 
integrate prescribed mitigation measures that cumulatively achieve the 
appropriate level of phytosanitary protection.
    Peru produced an average of about 9,600 metric tons (MT) of fresh 
peppers annually from 2005 through 2011. From 2010 to 2014, fresh 
pepper exports from Peru averaged 356 MT annually, the equivalent of 
about 4 percent of its annual fresh pepper production.
    Based on Peru's pepper production area and yields, APHIS estimates 
in the pest risk assessment for this rule that no more than 22 
containers (440 MT) of fresh peppers will be imported from Peru into 
the United States annually. This quantity is the equivalent of less 
than 0.03 percent of annual U.S. fresh pepper consumption.
    U.S. pepper producers and current foreign suppliers will face 
increased competition because of the Peruvian exports. However, 
economic effects of the rule will be minimal, given the very

[[Page 55018]]

small quantity of pepper expected to be imported from Peru.
    Under these circumstances, the Administrator of the Animal and 
Plant Health Inspection Service has determined that this action will 
not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities.

Executive Order 12988

    This final rule allows fresh peppers to be imported into the 
continental United States and the Territories from Peru. State and 
local laws and regulations regarding fresh peppers imported under this 
rule would be preempted while the fruit is in foreign commerce. Fresh 
vegetables are generally imported for immediate distribution and sale 
to the consuming public and would remain in foreign commerce until sold 
to the ultimate consumer. The question of when foreign commerce ceases 
in other cases must be addressed on a case-by-case basis. No 
retroactive effect will be given to this rule, and this rule will not 
require administrative proceedings before parties may file suit in 
court challenging this rule.

Paperwork Reduction Act

    In accordance with section 3507(d) of the Paperwork Reduction Act 
of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), the information collection or 
recordkeeping requirements included in this final rule, which were 
filed under 0579-0434, have been submitted for approval to the Office 
of Management and Budget (OMB). When OMB notifies us of its decision, 
if approval is denied, we will publish a document in the Federal 
Register providing notice of what action we plan to take.

E-Government Act Compliance

    The Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service is committed to 
compliance with the EGovernment Act to promote the use of the Internet 
and other information technologies, to provide increased opportunities 
for citizen access to Government information and services, and for 
other purposes. For information pertinent to E-Government Act 
compliance related to this final rule, please contact Ms. Kimberly 
Hardy, APHIS' Information Collection Coordinator, at (301) 851-2727.

List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 319

    Coffee, Cotton, Fruits, Imports, Logs, Nursery stock, Plant 
diseases and pests, Quarantine, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements, Rice, Vegetables.

    Accordingly, we are amending 7 CFR part 319 as follows:

PART 319--FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES

0
1. The authority citation for part 319 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 7 U.S.C. 450, 7701-7772, and 7781-7786; 21 U.S.C. 136 
and 136a; 7 CFR 2.22, 2.80, and 371.3.


0
2. Section 319.56-2 is amended by adding in alphabetical order a 
definition of continental United States to read as follows:


Sec.  319.56-2  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Continental United States. The 48 contiguous States, Alaska, and 
the District of Columbia.
* * * * *


0
3. Section 319.56-73 is added to read as follows:


Sec.  319.56-73  Peppers From Peru.

    Fresh peppers (Capsicum annum L., Capsicum baccatum L., Capsicum 
chinense Jacq., Capsicum frutescens L., and Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & 
Pav.) may be imported into the continental United States and its 
Territories only under the conditions described in this section. These 
conditions are designed to prevent the introduction of the following 
quarantine pests: Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann), South American 
fruit fly; Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), Mediterranean fruit fly; 
Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guen[eacute]e), a fruit boring moth; and 
Puccinia pampeana Speg., a pathogenic fungus that causes pepper and 
green pepper rust.
    (a) Operational workplan. The national plant protection 
organization (NPPO) of Peru must provide an operational workplan to 
APHIS that details the activities that the NPPO of Peru will, subject 
to APHIS' approval of the workplan, carry out to meet the requirements 
of this section. The operational workplan must include and describe the 
quarantine pest survey intervals and other specific requirements as set 
forth in this section.
    (b) Commercial consignments. Peppers from Peru may be imported in 
commercial consignments only.
    (c) Production site requirements. (1) Pepper production sites must 
consist of pest-exclusionary structures, which must have double self-
closing doors and have all other windows, openings, and vents covered 
with 1.6 mm (or less) screening.
    (2) All production sites that participate in the export program 
must be registered with the Peruvian NPPO.
    (3) The production sites must be inspected prior to harvest for 
Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guen[eacute]e) and Puccinia pampeana Speg. 
If either of these pests, or other quarantine pests, are found to be 
generally infesting or infecting the production site, the NPPO of Peru 
will immediately prohibit that production site from exporting peppers 
to the continental United States and its Territories and notify APHIS 
of this action. The prohibition will remain in effect until the 
Peruvian NPPO and APHIS determine that the pest risk has been 
mitigated.
    (4) The production sites must contain traps for the detection of 
Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) and Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) 
both within and around the structures. Internal traps must be set for 
the duration of the time the production site is used to produce peppers 
for export to the continental United States or the Territories. 
External traps must be set for at least 2 months before export and 
trapping must continue to the end of the harvest as follows:
    (i) Traps with an approved protein bait must be placed inside the 
production site at a density of four traps per hectare, with a minimum 
of two traps per structure. Traps must be serviced once every 7 days.
    (ii) If a single Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) or Ceratitis 
capitata (Wiedemann) is detected inside a registered production site or 
in a consignment, the registered production site will lose its ability 
to export peppers to the continental United States or its Territories 
until APHIS and the Peruvian NPPO mutually determine that risk 
mitigation is achieved.
    (iii) Traps with an approved protein bait must be placed inside a 
buffer area 500 meters wide around the registered production site, at a 
density of 1 trap per 10 hectares and a minimum of 10 traps. These 
traps must be checked at least once every 7 days. At least one of these 
traps must be near the production site.
    (iv) Capture of 0.7 or more Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) or 
Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) per trap per week will delay or suspend 
the harvest, depending on whether harvest has begun, for consignments 
of peppers from that registered production site until APHIS and the 
Peruvian NPPO can agree that the pest risk has been mitigated.
    (v) The Peruvian NPPO must maintain records of trap placement, 
checking of traps, and any quarantine pest captures. The Peruvian NPPO 
must maintain an APHIS-approved quality control program to monitor or 
audit the trapping program. The trapping records must be maintained for 
APHIS review.

[[Page 55019]]

    (d) Packinghouse procedures. (1) All packinghouses that participate 
in the export program must be registered with the Peruvian NPPO.
    (2) The peppers must be packed within 24 hours of harvest in a 
pest-exclusionary packinghouse. The peppers must be safeguarded by an 
insect-proof mesh screen or plastic tarpaulin while in transit to the 
packinghouse and while awaiting packing. The peppers must be packed in 
insect-proof cartons or containers, or covered with insect-proof mesh 
or plastic tarpaulin, for transit into the continental United States or 
its Territories. These safeguards must remain intact until arrival in 
the continental United States or its Territories or the consignment 
will be denied entry into the continental United States or its 
Territories.
    (3) During the time the packinghouse is in use for exporting 
peppers to the continental United States or its Territories, the 
packinghouse may only accept peppers from registered approved 
production sites.
    (e) Phytosanitary certificate. Each consignment of peppers must be 
accompanied by a phytosanitary certificate of inspection issued by the 
Peruvian NPPO stating that the fruit in the consignment has been 
produced in accordance with the requirements of the systems approach in 
7 CFR 319.56-73.

(Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control 
number 0579-0434)

    Done in Washington, DC, this 9th day of September 2015.
 Michael C. Gregoire,
 Associate Administrator, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.
[FR Doc. 2015-23037 Filed 9-11-15; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 3410-34-P



                                            55016            Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 177 / Monday, September 14, 2015 / Rules and Regulations

                                               Under these circumstances, the                       PART 319—FOREIGN QUARANTINE                           requirements of the systems approach.
                                            Administrator of the Animal and Plant                   NOTICES                                               This action allows for the importation of
                                            Health Inspection Service has                                                                                 untreated fresh peppers from Peru while
                                            determined that this action will not                    ■ 1. The authority citation for part 319              continuing to provide protection against
                                            have a significant economic impact on                   continues to read as follows:                         the introduction of plant pests into the
                                            a substantial number of small entities.                   Authority: 7 U.S.C. 450, 7701–7772, and             continental United States and the
                                                                                                    7781–7786; 21 U.S.C. 136 and 136a; 7 CFR              Territories.
                                            Executive Order 12988                                   2.22, 2.80, and 371.3.                                DATES: Effective October 14, 2015.
                                               This final rule allows citrus to be                  § 319.56–41       [Amended]                           FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr.
                                            imported into the continental United                                                                          George Balady, Senior Regulatory Policy
                                                                                                    ■ 2. Section 319.56–41 is amended as                  Specialist, Plant Health Programs, PPQ,
                                            States from the entire country of Peru.
                                                                                                    follows:                                              APHIS, 4700 River Road Unit 133,
                                            State and local laws and regulations                    ■ a. In the introductory text, by adding
                                            regarding citrus imported under this                                                                          Riverdale, MD 20737; (301) 851–2240.
                                                                                                    the word ‘‘continental’’ between the
                                            rule will be preempted while the fruit                                                                        SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
                                                                                                    words ‘‘the’’ and ‘‘United States’’.
                                            is in foreign commerce. Fresh fruits are                ■ b. By removing paragraph (c).                       Background
                                            generally imported for immediate                        ■ c. By redesignating paragraphs (d)
                                            distribution and sale to the consuming                                                                           The regulations in ‘‘Subpart–Fruits
                                                                                                    through (h) as paragraphs (c) through                 and Vegetables’’ (7 CFR 319.56–1
                                            public, and remain in foreign commerce                  (g), respectively.                                    through 319.56–72, referred to below as
                                            until sold to the ultimate consumer. The                ■ d. By adding the words ‘‘(Approved                  the regulations) prohibit or restrict the
                                            question of when foreign commerce                       by the Office of Management and                       importation of fruits and vegetables into
                                            ceases in other cases must be addressed                 Budget under control number 0579–                     the United States from certain parts of
                                            on a case-by-case basis. No retroactive                 0433)’’ at the end of the section.                    the world to prevent the introduction
                                            effect will be given to this rule, and this               Done in Washington, DC, this 9th day of             and dissemination of plant pests that are
                                            rule will not require administrative                    September 2015.                                       new to or not widely distributed within
                                            proceedings before parties may file suit                Michael C. Gregoire,                                  the United States.
                                            in court challenging this rule.                         Associate Administrator, Animal and Plant                On April 24, 2015, we published in
                                                                                                    Health Inspection Service.                            the Federal Register (80 FR 22934–
                                            Paperwork Reduction Act
                                                                                                    [FR Doc. 2015–23039 Filed 9–11–15; 8:45 am]           22938, Docket No. APHIS–2014–0028) a
                                              In accordance with section 3507(d) of                 BILLING CODE 3410–34–P
                                                                                                                                                          proposal 1 to amend the regulations in
                                            the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995                                                                           order to allow the common chili pepper
                                            (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), the information                                                                     (Capsicum annuum L.), aji pepper
                                            collection or recordkeeping                             DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE                             (Capsicum baccatum L.), habanero chili
                                            requirements included in this final rule,                                                                     (Capsicum chinense Jacq.), Thai pepper
                                            which were filed under 0579–0433,                       Animal and Plant Health Inspection                    (Capsicum frutescens L.), and rocoto
                                            have been submitted for approval to the                 Service                                               (Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & Pav.)
                                                                                                                                                          (hereafter we refer to these species as
                                            Office of Management and Budget
                                                                                                    7 CFR Part 319                                        ‘‘fresh peppers’’) to be imported into the
                                            (OMB). When OMB notifies us of its
                                                                                                                                                          continental United States and the
                                            decision, if approval is denied, we will                [Docket No. APHIS–2014–0028]
                                                                                                                                                          Territories (the Commonwealth of
                                            publish a document in the Federal                       RIN 0579–AD97                                         Northern Mariana Islands, the
                                            Register providing notice of what action                                                                      Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam,
                                            we plan to take.                                        Importation of Fresh Peppers From                     the Virgin Islands of the United States,
                                                                                                    Peru into the Continental United States               and any other territory or possession of
                                            E-Government Act Compliance
                                                                                                    and the Territories                                   the United States).
                                               The Animal and Plant Health                          AGENCY:  Animal and Plant Health                         We prepared a pest risk assessment
                                            Inspection Service is committed to                      Inspection Service, USDA.                             (PRA) and a risk management document
                                            compliance with the E-Government Act                                                                          (RMD) to accompany the proposed rule.
                                                                                                    ACTION: Final rule.                                   Based on the conclusions of the PRA
                                            to promote the use of the Internet and
                                            other information technologies, to                      SUMMARY:   We are amending the fruits                 and the RMD, we proposed to allow the
                                            provide increased opportunities for                     and vegetables regulations to allow the               importation of fresh peppers from Peru
                                            citizen access to Government                            importation of fresh peppers into the                 into the continental United States and
                                            information and services, and for other                 continental United States and the                     the Territories, provided that the fresh
                                            purposes. For information pertinent to                  Territories from Peru. As a condition of              peppers were produced in accordance
                                            E-Government Act compliance related                     entry, the fruit will have to be produced             with a systems approach consisting of
                                            to this rule, please contact Ms. Kimberly               in accordance with a systems approach                 the following requirements: Provision of
                                            Hardy, APHIS’ Information Collection                    that includes requirements for fruit fly              an operational workplan to the Animal
                                            Coordinator, at (301) 851–2727.                         trapping, pre-harvest inspections,                    and Plant Health Inspection Service
                                                                                                    production sites, and packinghouse                    (APHIS) by the national plant protection
                                            List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 319                      procedures designed to exclude                        organization (NPPO) of Peru;
                                                                                                    quarantine pests. The fruit will also be              importation in commercial
                                              Coffee, Cotton, Fruits, Imports, Logs,                                                                      consignments only; fresh peppers grown
                                            Nursery stock, Plant diseases and pests,                required to be imported in commercial
tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with RULES




                                                                                                    consignments and accompanied by a                     in a pest-free, pest-exclusionary
                                            Quarantine, Reporting and                                                                                     structure approved by and registered
                                            recordkeeping requirements, Rice,                       phytosanitary certificate issued by the
                                            Vegetables.                                             national plant protection organization of               1 To view the proposed rule, supporting
                                                                                                    Peru with an additional declaration                   documents, and the comments we received, go to
                                              Accordingly, we are amending 7 CFR                    stating that the consignment was                      http://www.regulations.gov/#!docketDetail;D=
                                            part 319 as follows:                                    produced in accordance with the                       APHIS-V2014-0028.



                                       VerDate Sep<11>2014   16:26 Sep 11, 2015   Jkt 235001   PO 00000   Frm 00002   Fmt 4700   Sfmt 4700   E:\FR\FM\14SER1.SGM   14SER1


                                                             Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 177 / Monday, September 14, 2015 / Rules and Regulations                                       55017

                                            with the Peruvian NPPO; inspection of                   maintained, we will take appropriate                  light of what the commenter categorized
                                            registered production sites prior to                    remedial action to ensure that the                    as unfair taxation of U.S. biodiesel in
                                            harvest for the fruit boring moth,                      importation of fresh peppers from Peru                that country.
                                            Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée), and                does not result in the dissemination of                  We disagree. Under the authority of
                                            Puccinia pampeana Speg., the                            plant pests within the United States.                 the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7701
                                            pathogenic fungus that causes pepper                       The commenter argued that the                      et seq.), APHIS may prohibit or restrict
                                            and green pepper rust, by the Peruvian                  interests of pepper producers in the                  the entry of plants and plant products
                                            NPPO or its approved designee;                          United States need to be given the same               into the United States in order to
                                            trapping both within and around the                     consideration as U.S. consumers or                    prevent the introduction of plant pests
                                            production site for the South American                  Peruvian producers. The commenter                     or noxious weeds. Trade considerations
                                            fruit fly (Anastrepha fraterculus                       said that, therefore, APHIS needs to                  such as those suggested by the
                                            (Wiedemann)) and the Mediterranean                      ensure that U.S. pepper producers                     commenter do not factor into such
                                            fruit fly (Medfly, Ceratitis capitata                   would truly be marginally affected. To                determinations.
                                            (Wiedemann)); packinghouse                              achieve this end, the commenter                          Therefore, for the reasons given in the
                                            procedures including registration and                   suggested that APHIS limit the                        proposed rule and in this document, we
                                            insect-proof cartons, containers, or                    importation of fresh peppers from Peru                are adopting the proposed rule as a final
                                            coverings; and issuance of a                            to domestic out-of-season growing                     rule, without change.
                                            phytosanitary certificate.                              months.
                                               We also proposed to add a definition                    APHIS bases market access on                       Executive Order 12866 and Regulatory
                                            for continental United States to the                    potential pest risk and our capacity to               Flexibility Act
                                            regulations in § 319.56–2, as it is used                mitigate that risk. APHIS may                            This final rule has been determined to
                                            throughout the regulations but not                      implement different entry requirements                be not significant for the purposes of
                                            defined.                                                for a commodity based upon port of                    Executive Order 12866 and, therefore,
                                               We solicited comments concerning                     entry and time of year in order to                    has not been reviewed by the Office of
                                            our proposal for 60 days ending June 23,                mitigate the risk posed by a pest, but                Management and Budget.
                                            2015. We received 23 comments by that                   APHIS does not restrict market access                    In accordance with the Regulatory
                                            date. They were from trade                              for the purposes of eliminating market                Flexibility Act, we have analyzed the
                                            organizations, the Peruvian NPPO,                       competition.                                          potential economic effects of this action
                                            consumer groups, ports, the Peruvian                       We prepared an initial regulatory                  on small entities. The analysis is
                                            embassy, and private citizens. All                      flexibility analysis to assess the                    summarized below. Copies of the full
                                            comments except one were supportive                     potential economic impacts associated                 analysis are available on the
                                            of the proposed action. The remaining                   with the proposed rule. The commenter                 Regulations.gov Web site (see footnote 1
                                            comment is discussed below.                             stated that the initial regulatory                    in this document for a link to
                                               The commenter said that APHIS is                     flexibility analysis did not fully account            Regulations.gov) or by contacting the
                                            dependent on local authorities in Peru                  for the impacts to domestic producers.                person listed under FOR FURTHER
                                            to enforce the requirements set forth in                The commenter said that, in addition to               INFORMATION CONTACT.
                                            the regulations and the operational                     reduced sales, domestic pepper                           The rule will amend the regulations to
                                            workplan. The commenter cited the                       producers are at a financial                          allow the importation of fresh peppers
                                            2015 Index of Economic Freedom issued                   disadvantage due to the fact that                     from Peru into the continental United
                                            by The Heritage Foundation 2 as proof                   reductions in crop premium insurance                  States and the Territories when a
                                            that corruption within Peru will most                   for fresh peppers as detailed in the                  systems approach to pest risk mitigation
                                            certainly occur in connection with the                  Agricultural Act of 2014 3 could                      is used to prevent the introduction of
                                            export of fresh peppers.                                potentially lead to further financial                 quarantine pests. The systems approach
                                               Like the United States, Peru is a                    losses in the event that a portion of a               will integrate prescribed mitigation
                                            signatory to the World Trade                            producer’s pepper crop was destroyed                  measures that cumulatively achieve the
                                            Organization’s Agreement on Sanitary                    and the remaining crop sold at a lower                appropriate level of phytosanitary
                                            and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS                         price due to the increased availability of            protection.
                                            Agreement). As such, it has agreed to                   imported peppers in the marketplace.                     Peru produced an average of about
                                            respect the phytosanitary measures the                     The purpose of the economic analysis               9,600 metric tons (MT) of fresh peppers
                                            United States imposes on the                            was to examine whether or not the rule                annually from 2005 through 2011. From
                                            importation of plants and plant                         will have a significant economic impact               2010 to 2014, fresh pepper exports from
                                            products from Peru when the United                      on a substantial number of small                      Peru averaged 356 MT annually, the
                                            States demonstrates the need to impose                  entities. Despite the other pressures on              equivalent of about 4 percent of its
                                            these measures in order to protect plant                the financial viability of domestic                   annual fresh pepper production.
                                            health within the United States. The                    pepper producers cited by the
                                                                                                                                                             Based on Peru’s pepper production
                                            PRA that accompanied the proposed                       commenter, any additional impact
                                                                                                                                                          area and yields, APHIS estimates in the
                                            rule provided evidence of such a need.                  associated with this rule is expected to
                                                                                                                                                          pest risk assessment for this rule that no
                                            That being said, as we mentioned in the                 be very small. An increase in the U.S.
                                                                                                                                                          more than 22 containers (440 MT) of
                                            proposed rule, APHIS will monitor and                   fresh pepper supply of less than 0.03
                                                                                                                                                          fresh peppers will be imported from
                                            audit Peru’s implementation of the                      percent is unlikely to have a significant
                                                                                                                                                          Peru into the United States annually.
                                            systems approach for the importation of                 impact on domestic fresh pepper prices
                                                                                                                                                          This quantity is the equivalent of less
                                            fresh peppers into the continental                      and therefore on domestic producers.
                                                                                                                                                          than 0.03 percent of annual U.S. fresh
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                                            United States and the Territories. If we                   Finally, the commenter maintained
                                                                                                                                                          pepper consumption.
                                            determine that the systems approach                     that the United States should examine
                                            has not been fully implemented or                       any importation requests from Peru in                    U.S. pepper producers and current
                                                                                                                                                          foreign suppliers will face increased
                                              2 The 2015 Index of Economic Freedom may be             3 You may view the Agricultural Act of 2014 on      competition because of the Peruvian
                                            viewed here: http://www.heritage.org/index/             the Internet at https://agriculture.house.gov/bill/   exports. However, economic effects of
                                            country/peru.                                           agricultural-act-2014.                                the rule will be minimal, given the very


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                                            55018            Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 177 / Monday, September 14, 2015 / Rules and Regulations

                                            small quantity of pepper expected to be                 PART 319—FOREIGN QUARANTINE                           Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée) and
                                            imported from Peru.                                     NOTICES                                               Puccinia pampeana Speg. If either of
                                               Under these circumstances, the                                                                             these pests, or other quarantine pests,
                                            Administrator of the Animal and Plant                   ■ 1. The authority citation for part 319              are found to be generally infesting or
                                            Health Inspection Service has                           continues to read as follows:                         infecting the production site, the NPPO
                                            determined that this action will not                      Authority: 7 U.S.C. 450, 7701–7772, and             of Peru will immediately prohibit that
                                            have a significant economic impact on                   7781–7786; 21 U.S.C. 136 and 136a; 7 CFR              production site from exporting peppers
                                            a substantial number of small entities.                 2.22, 2.80, and 371.3.                                to the continental United States and its
                                            Executive Order 12988                                   ■ 2. Section 319.56–2 is amended by                   Territories and notify APHIS of this
                                                                                                    adding in alphabetical order a definition             action. The prohibition will remain in
                                              This final rule allows fresh peppers to                                                                     effect until the Peruvian NPPO and
                                            be imported into the continental United                 of continental United States to read as
                                                                                                    follows:                                              APHIS determine that the pest risk has
                                            States and the Territories from Peru.                                                                         been mitigated.
                                            State and local laws and regulations                    § 319.56–2    Definitions.                               (4) The production sites must contain
                                            regarding fresh peppers imported under                  *     *     *    *    *                               traps for the detection of Anastrepha
                                            this rule would be preempted while the                    Continental United States. The 48                   fraterculus (Wiedemann) and Ceratitis
                                            fruit is in foreign commerce. Fresh                     contiguous States, Alaska, and the                    capitata (Wiedemann) both within and
                                            vegetables are generally imported for                   District of Columbia.                                 around the structures. Internal traps
                                            immediate distribution and sale to the                                                                        must be set for the duration of the time
                                            consuming public and would remain in                    *     *     *    *    *
                                                                                                                                                          the production site is used to produce
                                            foreign commerce until sold to the                      ■ 3. Section 319.56–73 is added to read               peppers for export to the continental
                                            ultimate consumer. The question of                      as follows:                                           United States or the Territories. External
                                            when foreign commerce ceases in other                                                                         traps must be set for at least 2 months
                                                                                                    § 319.56–73       Peppers From Peru.
                                            cases must be addressed on a case-by-                                                                         before export and trapping must
                                            case basis. No retroactive effect will be                 Fresh peppers (Capsicum annum L.,                   continue to the end of the harvest as
                                            given to this rule, and this rule will not              Capsicum baccatum L., Capsicum                        follows:
                                            require administrative proceedings                      chinense Jacq., Capsicum frutescens L.,                  (i) Traps with an approved protein
                                            before parties may file suit in court                   and Capsicum pubescens Ruiz & Pav.)                   bait must be placed inside the
                                            challenging this rule.                                  may be imported into the continental                  production site at a density of four traps
                                                                                                    United States and its Territories only                per hectare, with a minimum of two
                                            Paperwork Reduction Act                                 under the conditions described in this                traps per structure. Traps must be
                                              In accordance with section 3507(d) of                 section. These conditions are designed                serviced once every 7 days.
                                            the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995                     to prevent the introduction of the                       (ii) If a single Anastrepha fraterculus
                                            (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), the information               following quarantine pests: Anastrepha                (Wiedemann) or Ceratitis capitata
                                            collection or recordkeeping                             fraterculus (Wiedemann), South                        (Wiedemann) is detected inside a
                                            requirements included in this final rule,               American fruit fly; Ceratitis capitata                registered production site or in a
                                            which were filed under 0579–0434,                       (Wiedemann), Mediterranean fruit fly;                 consignment, the registered production
                                            have been submitted for approval to the                 Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée), a                site will lose its ability to export
                                            Office of Management and Budget                         fruit boring moth; and Puccinia                       peppers to the continental United States
                                            (OMB). When OMB notifies us of its                      pampeana Speg., a pathogenic fungus                   or its Territories until APHIS and the
                                            decision, if approval is denied, we will                that causes pepper and green pepper                   Peruvian NPPO mutually determine that
                                            publish a document in the Federal                       rust.                                                 risk mitigation is achieved.
                                            Register providing notice of what action                  (a) Operational workplan. The                          (iii) Traps with an approved protein
                                            we plan to take.                                        national plant protection organization                bait must be placed inside a buffer area
                                                                                                    (NPPO) of Peru must provide an                        500 meters wide around the registered
                                            E-Government Act Compliance                             operational workplan to APHIS that                    production site, at a density of 1 trap
                                               The Animal and Plant Health                          details the activities that the NPPO of               per 10 hectares and a minimum of 10
                                            Inspection Service is committed to                      Peru will, subject to APHIS’ approval of              traps. These traps must be checked at
                                            compliance with the EGovernment Act                     the workplan, carry out to meet the                   least once every 7 days. At least one of
                                            to promote the use of the Internet and                  requirements of this section. The                     these traps must be near the production
                                            other information technologies, to                      operational workplan must include and                 site.
                                            provide increased opportunities for                     describe the quarantine pest survey                      (iv) Capture of 0.7 or more
                                            citizen access to Government                            intervals and other specific                          Anastrepha fraterculus (Wiedemann) or
                                            information and services, and for other                 requirements as set forth in this section.            Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) per trap
                                            purposes. For information pertinent to                    (b) Commercial consignments.                        per week will delay or suspend the
                                            E-Government Act compliance related                     Peppers from Peru may be imported in                  harvest, depending on whether harvest
                                            to this final rule, please contact Ms.                  commercial consignments only.                         has begun, for consignments of peppers
                                            Kimberly Hardy, APHIS’ Information                        (c) Production site requirements. (1)               from that registered production site
                                            Collection Coordinator, at (301) 851–                   Pepper production sites must consist of               until APHIS and the Peruvian NPPO can
                                            2727.                                                   pest-exclusionary structures, which                   agree that the pest risk has been
                                                                                                    must have double self-closing doors and               mitigated.
                                            List of Subjects in 7 CFR Part 319                                                                               (v) The Peruvian NPPO must maintain
                                                                                                    have all other windows, openings, and
                                              Coffee, Cotton, Fruits, Imports, Logs,                vents covered with 1.6 mm (or less)                   records of trap placement, checking of
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                                            Nursery stock, Plant diseases and pests,                screening.                                            traps, and any quarantine pest captures.
                                            Quarantine, Reporting and                                 (2) All production sites that                       The Peruvian NPPO must maintain an
                                            recordkeeping requirements, Rice,                       participate in the export program must                APHIS-approved quality control
                                            Vegetables.                                             be registered with the Peruvian NPPO.                 program to monitor or audit the
                                              Accordingly, we are amending 7 CFR                      (3) The production sites must be                    trapping program. The trapping records
                                            part 319 as follows:                                    inspected prior to harvest for                        must be maintained for APHIS review.


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                                                             Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 177 / Monday, September 14, 2015 / Rules and Regulations                                      55019

                                               (d) Packinghouse procedures. (1) All                 implements the authority set forth in                 ‘‘Underrepresentation’’ would be
                                            packinghouses that participate in the                   section 825 of the 2015 NDAA allowing                 determined by the study to be
                                            export program must be registered with                  sole source awards to Women-Owned                     conducted. The term ‘‘sole source
                                            the Peruvian NPPO.                                      Small Businesses (WOSBs) or                           contracts’’ was also a proposed addition
                                               (2) The peppers must be packed                       Economically Disadvantaged Women-                     to Sec. 127.500, which concerns the
                                            within 24 hours of harvest in a pest-                   Owned Small Businesses (EDWOSBs) in                   industries in which a contracting officer
                                            exclusionary packinghouse. The                          appropriate circumstances.                            is authorized to restrict competition
                                            peppers must be safeguarded by an                       DATES: This rule is effective October 14,             under the WOSB program. This change
                                            insect-proof mesh screen or plastic                     2015.                                                 to Sec. 127.500 proposed to authorize
                                            tarpaulin while in transit to the                       FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
                                                                                                                                                          contracting officers to award sole source
                                            packinghouse and while awaiting                         Brenda Fernandez, U.S. Small Business                 contracts in those industries as well.
                                            packing. The peppers must be packed in                  Administration, Office of Policy,                     SBA also proposed amendments to Sec.
                                            insect-proof cartons or containers, or                  Planning & Liaison, 409 Third Street                  127.503 to establish the conditions for
                                            covered with insect-proof mesh or                       SW., Washington, DC 20416; (202) 205–                 awarding a sole source contract.
                                            plastic tarpaulin, for transit into the                 7337; brenda.fernandez@sba.gov.                       Essentially if, after conducting market
                                            continental United States or its                                                                              research in an industry where a WOSB
                                                                                                    SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
                                            Territories. These safeguards must                                                                            or EDWOSB set-aside is authorized, a
                                            remain intact until arrival in the                      I. Background                                         contracting officer cannot identify two
                                            continental United States or its                           The WOSB Program, set forth in                     or more WOSBs or EDWOSBs that can
                                            Territories or the consignment will be                                                                        perform at a fair and reasonable price
                                                                                                    section 8(m) of the Small Business Act,
                                            denied entry into the continental United                                                                      but identifies one WOSB or EDWOSB
                                                                                                    15 U.S.C. 637(m), authorizes Federal
                                            States or its Territories.                                                                                    that can perform at a fair and reasonable
                                                                                                    contracting officers to restrict
                                               (3) During the time the packinghouse                                                                       price, a contract may be awarded on a
                                                                                                    competition to eligible Women-Owned
                                            is in use for exporting peppers to the                                                                        sole source basis, provided the value of
                                                                                                    Small Businesses (WOSBs) or
                                            continental United States or its                                                                              the contract, including options, does not
                                                                                                    Economically Disadvantaged Women-
                                            Territories, the packinghouse may only                                                                        exceed $6.5 million for manufacturing
                                                                                                    Owned Small Businesses (EDWOSBs)
                                            accept peppers from registered                                                                                contracts and $4 million for all other
                                                                                                    for Federal contracts in certain
                                            approved production sites.                                                                                    contracts. SBA also proposed to amend
                                                                                                    industries. Section 8(m) establishes
                                               (e) Phytosanitary certificate. Each                                                                        Sec. 127.507 to authorize contracting
                                                                                                    criteria for the WOSB Program,                        officers to award sole source contracts
                                            consignment of peppers must be                          including the eligibility and contract
                                            accompanied by a phytosanitary                                                                                in the WOSB program if the contract
                                                                                                    requirements for the program. Congress                requirement is valued at or below the
                                            certificate of inspection issued by the                 recently amended the WOSB Program in
                                            Peruvian NPPO stating that the fruit in                                                                       simplified acquisition threshold.
                                                                                                    section 825 of the National Defense                   Finally, the rule proposed to amend the
                                            the consignment has been produced in                    Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2015,
                                            accordance with the requirements of the                                                                       protest regulations in Sec. 127.600 to
                                                                                                    Public Law 113–291, 128 Stat. 3292                    make them consistent with the protest
                                            systems approach in 7 CFR 319.56–73.                    (December 19, 2014) (2015 NDAA),                      procedures for sole source contracts
                                            (Approved by the Office of Management and               which included language granting                      involving service-disabled veteran
                                            Budget under control number 0579–0434)                  contracting officers the authority to                 owned small business concerns (SDVO
                                              Done in Washington, DC, this 9th day of               award sole source awards to WOSBs                     SBC) (Sec. 125.24(a) and HUBZone
                                            September 2015.                                         and EDWOSBs and shortening the time                   small business concerns (Sec.
                                            Michael C. Gregoire,                                    period for SBA to conduct a required                  126.800(a).
                                            Associate Administrator, Animal and Plant               study to determine the industries in                     Paragraph (a) of Sec. 127.501 sets out
                                            Health Inspection Service.                              which WOSBs are underrepresented in                   that the agency will designate ‘‘the
                                            [FR Doc. 2015–23037 Filed 9–11–15; 8:45 am]             Federal contracting. In addition, section             industries in which WOSBs are
                                            BILLING CODE 3410–34–P
                                                                                                    825 of the 2015 NDAA created a                        underrepresented and substantially
                                                                                                    requirement that a firm be certified as a             underrepresented’’ by NAICS code.
                                                                                                    WOSB or EDWOSB by a Federal                           However, because paragraph (b) uses the
                                            SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION                           Agency, a State government, SBA, or a                 term ‘‘disparity’’ instead, SBA intended
                                                                                                    national certifying entity approved by                to propose a technical amendment to
                                            13 CFR Part 127                                         SBA.                                                  this paragraph to replace that term with
                                                                                                       On May 1, 2015, SBA published in                   ‘‘underrepresentation’’; such an
                                            RIN 3245–AG72                                           the Federal Register a proposed rule to               amendment would make the paragraph
                                                                                                    implement the sole source authority for               consistent with amendments to the
                                            Women-Owned Small Business
                                                                                                    WOSBs and EDWOSBs and the revised                     definitions and other sections of the
                                            Federal Contract Program
                                                                                                    timeline for SBA to conduct a study to                WOSB regulations. This purely
                                            AGENCY:  U.S. Small Business                            determine the industries in which                     technical conforming change to Sec.
                                            Administration.                                         WOSBs are underrepresented. 80 FR                     127.501 is included in this final rule.
                                            ACTION: Final rule.                                     24846. The rule proposed amendments                      As explained in the proposed rule,
                                                                                                    to Sec. 127.101 to include sole source                SBA recognized that the new
                                            SUMMARY:   This rule makes changes to                   contracts as a type of contracting                    certification requirement for WOSBs
                                            the regulations governing the Women-                    assistance available under part 127. The              would require a more prolonged
                                            Owned Small Business (WOSB)                             rule also proposed to revise Sec.                     rulemaking. Because SBA did not want
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                                            program. The U.S. Small Business                        127.102 by adding the term ‘‘sole source              to delay the implementation of the
                                            Administration (SBA) is making                          contracts’’ to the definitions of                     WOSB sole source authority by
                                            changes to those regulations to                         ‘‘EDWOSB requirement’’ and ‘‘WOSB                     combining it with the new certification
                                            implement section 825 of the National                   requirement’’ and establishing that the               requirement, SBA did not propose any
                                            Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal                    terms ‘‘Substantial                                   changes to implement the certification
                                            Year 2015. Specifically, this rule                      underrepresentation’’ and                             requirement but rather indicated that it


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Document Created: 2018-02-26 10:15:22
Document Modified: 2018-02-26 10:15:22
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionRules and Regulations
ActionFinal rule.
DatesEffective October 14, 2015.
ContactMr. George Balady, Senior Regulatory Policy Specialist, Plant Health Programs, PPQ, APHIS, 4700 River Road Unit 133, Riverdale, MD 20737; (301) 851-2240.
FR Citation80 FR 55016 
RIN Number0579-AD97
CFR AssociatedCoffee; Cotton; Fruits; Imports; Logs; Nursery Stock; Plant Diseases and Pests; Quarantine; Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements; Rice and Vegetables

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