80 FR 76936 - Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to Murray Street Bridge Seismic Retrofit Project by the California State Department of Transportation
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Federal Register Volume 80, Issue 238 (December 11, 2015)
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Federal Register Volume 80, Issue 238 (December 11, 2015)
| Page Range | 76936-76946 | |
| FR Document | 2015-31205 |
[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 238 (Friday, December 11, 2015)] [Notices] [Pages 76936-76946] From the Federal Register Online [www.thefederalregister.org] [FR Doc No: 2015-31205] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration RIN 0648-XD065 Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; Taking Marine Mammals Incidental to Murray Street Bridge Seismic Retrofit Project by the California State Department of Transportation AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Commerce. ACTION: Notice; proposed incidental harassment authorization; request for comments and information. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY: NMFS has received an application from California State Department of Transportation (Caltrans) for an Incidental Harassment Authorization (IHA) to take marine mammals, by harassment, incidental to Murray Street Bridge seismic retrofit project in Santa Cruz, California. [[Page 76937]] Pursuant to the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA), NMFS is requesting comments on its proposal to issue an IHA to Caltrans to incidentally take, by Level B Harassment only, marine mammals during the specified activity. DATES: Comments and information must be received no later than January 11, 2016. ADDRESSES: Comments on the application should be addressed to Jolie Harrison, Chief, Permits and Conservation Division, Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service, 1315 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910. The mailbox address for providing email comments is [email protected]. NMFS is not responsible for email comments sent to addresses other than the one provided here. Comments sent via email, including all attachments, must not exceed a 25- megabyte file size. Instructions: All comments received are a part of the public record and will generally be posted to http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/permits/incidental.htm without change. All Personal Identifying Information (for example, name, address, etc.) voluntarily submitted by the commenter may be publicly accessible. Do not submit Confidential Business Information or otherwise sensitive or protected information. A copy of the application may be obtained by writing to the address specified above or visiting the internet at: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/permits/incidental.htm. Documents cited in this notice may also be viewed, by appointment, during regular business hours, at the aforementioned address. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Shane Guan, Office of Protected Resources, NMFS, (301) 427-8401. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Background Sections 101(a)(5)(A) and (D) of the MMPA (16 U.S.C. 1361 et seq.) direct the Secretary of Commerce to allow, upon request, the incidental, but not intentional, taking of small numbers of marine mammals by U.S. citizens who engage in a specified activity (other than commercial fishing) within a specified geographical region if certain findings are made and either regulations are issued or, if the taking is limited to harassment, a notice of a proposed authorization is provided to the public for review. An authorization for incidental takings shall be granted if NMFS finds that the taking will have a negligible impact on the species or stock(s), will not have an unmitigable adverse impact on the availability of the species or stock(s) for subsistence uses (where relevant), and if the permissible methods of taking and requirements pertaining to the mitigation, monitoring and reporting of such takings are set forth. NMFS has defined ``negligible impact'' in 50 CFR 216.103 as ``. . . an impact resulting from the specified activity that cannot be reasonably expected to, and is not reasonably likely to, adversely affect the species or stock through effects on annual rates of recruitment or survival.'' Section 101(a)(5)(D) of the MMPA established an expedited process by which citizens of the U.S. can apply for a one-year authorization to incidentally take small numbers of marine mammals by harassment, provided that there is no potential for serious injury or mortality to result from the activity. Section 101(a)(5)(D) establishes a 45-day time limit for NMFS review of an application followed by a 30-day public notice and comment period on any proposed authorizations for the incidental harassment of marine mammals. Within 45 days of the close of the comment period, NMFS must either issue or deny the authorization. Summary of Request On October 22, 2013, CALTRANS submitted a request to NMFS requesting an IHA for the possible harassment of small numbers of Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardii) and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) incidental to construction associated with the Murray Street Bridge seismic retrofit project in the city of Santa Cruz, California, for a period of one year starting March 2016. After receiving NMFS comments and questions, CALTRANS submitted a revised IHA application on February 17, 2015. NMFS determined the IHA application was complete on May 29, 2015, and proposes to issue an IHA that would be valid between March 1, 2016, and February 28, 2016. NMFS is proposing to authorize the Level B harassment of Pacific harbor seal and California sea lion. Description of the Specified Activity Overview The proposed project consists of a seismic retrofit of the existing Murray Street Bridge, which spans the Santa Cruz Small Craft Harbor and additional minor modifications to replace deficient bridge barriers (widening shoulders to standard widths and replacement and improvement of sidewalks and railings). The seismic retrofit project will provide the bridge with additional vertical support and resistance to lateral seismic forces by installing additional pilings and supplemental structural elements. In order to provide sufficient area for construction operations, some boats, Harbor facilities, and commercial businesses will require temporary relocation. Pile installation would include both impact and vibratory pile driving methods. The nine-span bridge is supported by two abutments (identified as Abutments 1 and 10, located at the western and eastern ends of the bridge, respectively) and 8 ``bents'' (identified as Bents 2 through 9, located at 60-foot intervals between the abutments). The seismic retrofit project consists of the following basic in-water elements:Installation of concrete infill walls at Bents 2, 3, 4, and 9 to span the voids between the existing concrete support columns. The infill walls will also span the void between the existing and new columns at Bent 9. Installation of shear keys and seat extenders at Bents 2 through 9. Retrofit of foundations with 16-inch diameter CISS (cast- in-steel-shell) piles at Bent 9. These piles will extend to depths of approximately -55 feet to -90 feet at Bent 9. Retrofit of both outriggers and bents with 30-inch diameter CISS piles at Bents 6, 7, and 8 and 30-inch diameter CIDH piles at Bents 2, 3, 4, and 5. These piles will extend to depths of approximately -55 feet to -85 feet at Bent 5 and at approximately -85 feet to -120 feet at Bents 6-8. Installation of fenders to protect boats passing by the pier foundations, new pile caps at Bents, 5, 6, 7, and 8, and replacement of existing fender. A summary of in-water piles to be removed and installed is listed in Table 1. [[Page 76938]] Table 1--Summary of In-Water Piles To Be Removed and Installed for CALTRANS' Murray Street Bridge Seismic Retrofit Project ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Location Number Pile type ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Removal-Bridge.......................... Bridge Bent 6............. 4 14-inch P/C concrete. Total in-water removal.............. .......................... 4 .......................... Install new permanent bridge piles...... Bridge Bent 5............. 4 30-inch CIDH. Bridge Bent 6-8........... 12 30-inch CISS. Bridge Bent 9............. 8 16-inch CISS. Total in-water bridge pile .......................... 24 .......................... installation. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dates and Duration The Murray Street Bridge Retrofit project is currently planned to commence in the spring of 2016. Overall, the seismic retrofit work will be executed over a period of approximately 18 months, with in-water construction lasting for an approximate total 10-month period over two years with 5 months during the first year and 5 months during the second year. The in-water pile driving for the bridge piles would occur over a total of 30 days within the 10-month period. Due to in-water work timing restrictions to protect federally-listed salmonids, all in- water construction activities including pile removal/installation would occur between the period from July 1 to mid-November. This IHA would cover activities conducted March 1, 2016-February 28, 2017. Specified Geographic Region The project area includes waters within the Santa Cruz Small Craft Harbor and adjacent lands managed by the Santa Cruz Port District (see Figure 2 of the IHA application). The study area consists of the open waters, docks, and other potential haul-out features of the Harbor from the Harbor Launch Ramp area (including the fuel dock and Vessel Assist dock) to 500 feet upstream of the boundary of the Area of Impact (see Figure 2 of the IHA application). The Murray Street Bridge Retrofit project is tentatively proposed for construction in five partially overlapping interchangeable phases. Generally, work will begin on the eastern side of the Harbor and progress to the western side. Detailed Description of Murray Street Bridge Seismic Retrofit Details of each activity for the Murray Street Bridge seismic retrofit project are provided below. (1) Installation of Bridge Piles: The most intense activity would be the installation of new bridge support piles, which will also involve the demolition of the existing piles at Bent 6. CISS piles at Bents 5 through 8 will be installed within the waterway by impact driving 30-inch steel casings either to refusal at rock or into a shaft drilled within rock (depending on the location). The installation of new piles at Bents 5 through 8 will include two piles on each side for a total of 16 piles in the water. The work activity will be focused within the area of the bridge. Overall the installation of piles is expected to take a total of approximately 1 day for each 30-inch pile and 4 days for 8 16-inch piles for a total of 30 days. The installation of these piles requires the use of a crane(s), a drilling rig, a pile driver, excavation and earthmoving equipment, concrete trucks and pumps, concrete vibrators, supply trucks, welding equipment, and other machinery. (2) Installation of In-Water Barge or Temporary Bridge Trestle: Installation of an in-water barge or temporary bridge trestle is planned to accommodate equipment for pile installation. The installation would be done using impact and vibratory hammers. Work within the waterway will require either the use of barges or construction of trestles to provide work platforms. If barges are utilized, prefabricated modular units may be brought to the site and locked together. This type of platform can be installed, reconfigured, and removed relatively quickly, but the system is not suitable for areas that are too narrow to accommodate the modules. For example, footings from the Union Pacific Railroad Bridge to the north and footings from the Murray Street Bridge appear too close together to allow use of a modular barge between footings. In these areas, a trestle likely will need to be constructed. (3) Removal and Replacement of Boat Berths: The temporary use of portions of the eastern harbor boat yard and the western parking lot for contractor staging, in combination with provision of construction access to the bridge from the waterway, will result in temporary disruptions of harbor activities including temporary removal of existing boat berths and replacement upon completion of the project. To accommodate construction staging and in-water construction, the project calls for the temporary relocation of berths at Dock FF and Dock BY (Boat Yard on east side) to existing visitor berths with reconstruction of Dock FF and Dock BY upon completion of the bridge seismic retrofit construction. Dock FF accommodates University of California Santa Cruz (UCSC) boats that are used for university classes. A walking dock (gangway) would be constructed to connect the existing parking lot area to the portion of Dock FF that will remain during construction. Six temporary berths may be constructed adjacent to the gangway to minimize relocation of some of the existing boats. Upon completion of construction, no additional new boat berths will be constructed as was originally proposed. Although design plans have not yet been completed for the reinstalled berths, it is expected that the berth docks would be plastic, wood or concrete over polyethylene floats and would be anchored with pilings. Piles would be driven into the harbor floor by impact hammer. There would be no dredging or placement of fill in harbor waters with reinstallation of docks and both berths. Description of Marine Mammals in the Area of the Specified Activity The marine mammal species under NMFS jurisdiction most likely to occur in the proposed construction area include Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi) and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). [[Page 76939]] Table 2--Marine Mammal Species Potentially Present in Region of Activity ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Species ESA status MMPA status Occurrence ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Harbor Seal.......................... Not listed............. Non-depleted........... Frequent. California Sea Lion.................. Not listed............. Non-depleted........... Frequent. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- General information on the marine mammal species found in Oregon coastal waters can be found in Caretta et al. (2015), which is available at the following URL: http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/sars/pdf/pacific_sars_2014_final_noaa_swfsc_tm_549.pdf. Refer to that document for information on these species. A list of marine mammals in the vicinity of the action and their status are provided in Table 2. Specific information concerning these species in the vicinity of the proposed action area is provided in detail in the CALTRANS' IHA application (CALTRANS, 2015). Potential Effects of the Specified Activity on Marine Mammals This section includes a summary and discussion of the ways that the types of stressors associated with the specified activity (e.g., pile removal and pile driving) have been observed to impact marine mammals. This discussion may include reactions that we consider to rise to the level of a take and those that we do not consider to rise to the level of a take (for example, with acoustics, we may include a discussion of studies that showed animals not reacting at all to sound or exhibiting barely measurable avoidance). This section is intended as a background of potential effects and does not consider either the specific manner in which this activity will be carried out or the mitigation that will be implemented, and how either of those will shape the anticipated impacts from this specific activity. The ``Estimated Take by Incidental Harassment'' section later in this document will include a quantitative analysis of the number of individuals that are expected to be taken by this activity. The ``Negligible Impact Analysis'' section will include the analysis of how this specific activity will impact marine mammals and will consider the content of this section, the ``Estimated Take by Incidental Harassment'' section, the ``Proposed Mitigation'' section, and the ``Anticipated Effects on Marine Mammal Habitat'' section to draw conclusions regarding the likely impacts of this activity on the reproductive success or survivorship of individuals and from that on the affected marine mammal populations or stocks. When considering the influence of various kinds of sound on the marine environment, it is necessary to understand that different kinds of marine life are sensitive to different frequencies of sound. Based on available behavioral data, audiograms have been derived using auditory evoked potentials, anatomical modeling, and other data, Southall et al. (2007) designate ``functional hearing groups'' for marine mammals and estimate the lower and upper frequencies of functional hearing of the groups. The functional groups and the associated frequencies are indicated below (though animals are less sensitive to sounds at the outer edge of their functional range and most sensitive to sounds of frequencies within a smaller range somewhere in the middle of their functional hearing range): Low frequency cetaceans (13 species of mysticetes): Functional hearing is estimated to occur between approximately 7 Hz and 25 kHz; Mid-frequency cetaceans (32 species of dolphins, six species of larger toothed whales, and 19 species of beaked and bottlenose whales): Functional hearing is estimated to occur between approximately 150 Hz and 160 kHz; High frequency cetaceans (eight species of true porpoises, six species of river dolphins, Kogia, the franciscana, and four species of cephalorhynchids): Functional hearing is estimated to occur between approximately 200 Hz and 180 kHz; and Pinnipeds in Water: Functional hearing is estimated to occur between approximately 75 Hz and 75 kHz, with the greatest sensitivity between approximately 700 Hz and 20 kHz. As mentioned previously in this document, two marine mammal species (both are pinniped species) are likely to occur in the proposed seismic survey area. Marine mammals exposed to high-intensity sound repeatedly or for prolonged periods can experience hearing threshold shift (TS), which is the loss of hearing sensitivity at certain frequency ranges (Kastak et al. 1999; Schlundt et al. 2000; Finneran et al. 2002; 2005). TS can be permanent (PTS), in which case the loss of hearing sensitivity is unrecoverable, or temporary (TTS), in which case the animal's hearing threshold will recover over time (Southall et al. 2007). Since marine mammals depend on acoustic cues for vital biological functions, such as orientation, communication, finding prey, and avoiding predators, hearing impairment could result in the reduced ability of marine mammals to detect or interpret important sounds. Repeated noise exposure that causes TTS could lead to PTS. Experiments on a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncates) and beluga whale (Delphinapterus leucas) showed that exposure to a single watergun impulse at a received level of 207 kPa (or 30 psi) peak-to-peak (p-p), which is equivalent to 228 dB (p-p) re 1 [mu]Pa, resulted in a 7 and 6 dB TTS in the beluga whale at 0.4 and 30 kHz, respectively. Thresholds returned to within 2 dB of the pre-exposure level within 4 minutes of the exposure (Finneran et al. 2002). No TTS was observed in the bottlenose dolphin. Although the source level of one hammer strike for pile driving is expected to be much lower than the single watergun impulse cited here, animals being exposed for a prolonged period to repeated hammer strikes could receive more noise exposure in terms of sound exposure level (SEL) than from the single watergun impulse (estimated at 188 dB re 1 [mu]Pa\2\-s) in the aforementioned experiment (Finneran et al. 2002). Chronic exposure to excessive, though not high-intensity, noise could cause masking at particular frequencies for marine mammals that utilize sound for vital biological functions (Clark et al. 2009). Masking is the obscuring of sounds of interest by other sounds, often at similar frequencies. Masking generally occurs when sounds in the environment are louder than, and of a similar frequency as, auditory signals an animal is trying to receive. Masking can interfere with detection of acoustic signals, such as communication calls, echolocation sounds, and environmental sounds important to marine mammals. Therefore, under certain circumstances, marine mammals whose acoustical sensors or environment are being severely masked could also be impaired. Masking occurs at the frequency band which the animals utilize. Since noise generated from in-water vibratory pile removal and driving is mostly [[Page 76940]] concentrated at low frequency ranges, it may have little effect on high-frequency echolocation sounds by odontocetes (toothed whales), which may hunt California sea lion and harbor seal. However, the lower frequency man-made noises are more likely to affect the detection of communication calls and other potentially important natural sounds, such as surf and prey noise. The noises may also affect communication signals when those signals occur near the noise band, and thus reduce the communication space of animals (e.g., Clark et al. 2009) and cause increased stress levels (e.g., Foote et al. 2004; Holt et al. 2009). Unlike TS, masking can potentially impact the species at community, population, or even ecosystem levels, as well as individual levels. Masking affects both senders and receivers of the signals and could, in certain circumstances, have long-term chronic effects on marine mammal species and populations. Recent science suggests that low frequency ambient sound levels in the world's oceans have increased by as much as 20 dB (more than 3 times, in terms of SPL) from pre-industrial periods, and most of these increases are from distant shipping (Hildebrand 2009). All anthropogenic noise sources, such as those from vessel traffic and pile removal and driving, contribute to the elevated ambient noise levels, thus intensifying masking. Finally, in addition to TS and masking, exposure of marine mammals to certain sounds could lead to behavioral disturbance (Richardson et al. 1995), such as: Changing durations of surfacing and dives, number of blows per surfacing, or moving direction and/or speed; reduced/ increased vocal activities; changing/cessation of certain behavioral activities, such as socializing or feeding; visible startle response or aggressive behavior, such as tail/fluke slapping or jaw clapping; avoidance of areas where noise sources are located; and/or flight responses (e.g., pinnipeds flushing into water from haulouts or rookeries). The onset of behavioral disturbance from anthropogenic noise depends on both external factors (characteristics of noise sources and their paths) and the receiving animals (hearing, motivation, experience, demography), and is therefore difficult to predict (Southall et al. 2007). The activities of workers in the project area may also cause behavioral reactions by marine mammals, such as pinnipeds flushing from the jetty or pier or moving farther from the disturbance to forage. However, observations of the area show that it is unlikely that more than 10 to 20 individuals of pinnipeds would be present in the project vicinity at any one time. Therefore, even if pinnipeds were flushed from the haul-out, a stampede is very unlikely, due to the relatively low number of animals onsite. In addition, proposed mitigation and monitoring measures would minimize the startle behavior of pinnipeds and prevent the animals from flushing into the water. The biological significance of many of these behavioral disturbances is difficult to predict, especially if the detected disturbances appear minor. However, the consequences of behavioral modification could be expected to be biologically significant if the change affects growth, survival, or reproduction. Some of these types of significant behavioral modifications include: Drastic change in diving/surfacing patterns (such as those thought to be causing beaked whale strandings due to exposure to military mid-frequency tactical sonar); habitat abandonment due to loss of desirable acoustic environment; and cessation of feeding or social interaction. Potential Effects on Marine Mammal Habitat The primary potential impacts to marine mammal habitat are associated with elevated sound levels produced by vibratory pile removal and pile driving in the area. However, other potential impacts to the surrounding habitat from physical disturbance are also possible. Potential Impacts on Prey Species With regard to fish as a prey source for cetaceans and pinnipeds, fish are known to hear and react to sounds and to use sound to communicate (Tavolga et al. 1981) and possibly avoid predators (Wilson and Dill 2002). Experiments have shown that fish can sense both the strength and direction of sound (Hawkins 1981). Primary factors determining whether a fish can sense a sound signal, and potentially react to it, are the frequency of the signal and the strength of the signal in relation to the natural background noise level. The level of sound at which a fish will react or alter its behavior is usually well above the detection level. Fish have been found to react to sounds when the sound level increased to about 20 dB above the detection level of 120 dB (Ona 1988); however, the response threshold can depend on the time of year and the fish's physiological condition (Engas et al. 1993). In general, fish react more strongly to pulses of sound rather than non-pulse signals (such as noise from pile driving) (Blaxter et al. 1981), and a quicker alarm response is elicited when the sound signal intensity rises rapidly compared to sound rising more slowly to the same level. During the coastal construction only a small fraction of the available habitat would be ensonified at any given time. Disturbance to fish species would be short-term and fish would return to their pre- disturbance behavior once the pile driving activity ceases. Thus, the proposed construction would have little, if any, impact on the abilities of marine mammals to feed in the area where construction work is planned. Finally, the time of the proposed construction activity would avoid the spawning season of the ESA-listed salmonid species. Proposed Mitigation Measures In order to issue an incidental take authorization under section 101(a)(5)(D) of the MMPA, NMFS must set forth the permissible methods of taking pursuant to such activity, and other means of effecting the least practicable adverse impact on such species or stock and its habitat, paying particular attention to rookeries, mating grounds, and areas of similar significance, and on the availability of such species or stock for taking for certain subsistence uses. For CALTRANS' proposed Murray Street Bridge seismic retrofit project, CALTRANS worked with NMFS and proposed the following mitigation measures to minimize the potential impacts to marine mammals in the project vicinity. The primary purposes of these mitigation measures are to minimize sound levels from the activities, to monitor marine mammals within designated zones of influence (ZOI) corresponding to NMFS' current Level B harassment thresholds and, if marine mammals are detected within or approaching the exclusion zone, to initiate immediate shutdown or power down of the impact piling hammer, making it very unlikely potential injury or TTS to marine mammals would occur and ensuring that Level B behavioral harassment of marine mammals would be reduced to the lowest level practicable. Time Restriction Work would occur only during daylight hours, when visual monitoring of marine mammals can be conducted. Pre-Construction Removal of Artificial Haul-Out Sites All known and potential artificial structures could be used by pinnipeds for haul[hyphen]out that occur in the construction work area would be removed, preferably to a near[hyphen]by location outside of the work area prior to construction. These structures could [[Page 76941]] include floating docks (i.e. Dock FF), rubber docks, or boats, such as those used by UCSC. Pre-Construction Workers Training Prior to in[hyphen]water construction, the approved monitor would conduct a workers training to instruct construction crews regarding the status and sensitivity of the target species in the area and the actions to be taken to avoid or minimize impacts in the event of a target species entering the in[hyphen]water work area. Establish Exclusion Zones A 10-m (33 ft) radius around the piling site should be established as an exclusion zone. The commencement of pile driving activities should be delayed if marine mammals are present within the exclusion zone. This exclusion zone is based on measured source level at 10 m by CALTRANS (2012) where the noise level reached 190 dB re 1 [mu]Pa from impact pile driving of a 30-in diameter steel pile in similar environment. There would be no exclusion zone for vibratory pile driving. Each day prior to the start of pile[hyphen]driving, the PSO would survey the exclusion zone for marine mammals. If a pinniped is detected, impact pile driving would be delayed until the marine pinniped(s) has moved beyond the exclusion zone, verified by visual confirmation or lack of visual sighting within the next 15 minutes of the last sighting, to assume that the animal has moved beyond the exclusion zone. Establishment of Level B Harassment Zones of Influence A 1,000-m (0.62-mi) radius around the piling site should be established as a preliminary zone of influence (ZOI) for impact pile driving. This distances is calculated based on practical spreading model where the edge of the ZOI correspond to received level falls to 160 dB re 1 [mu]Pa from impact pile driving. The preliminary ZOI would be adjusted based on a measurement of the distance to the 160 dB isopleth. CALTRANS stated that it would not be able to monitor beyond several km for marine mammal takes. Therefore, if underwater acoustic monitoring shows that the 120 dB isopleth for vibratory pile driving is beyond 1,000 m, CALTRANS would not use vibratory pile driving for this project. A summary of modeled exclusion zone and ZOI radii based on CALTRANS (2012) is listed in Table 3. Table 3--Modeled Exclusion Zone and ZOI Distances to From Pile Driving Activities for CALTRANS' Murray Street Bridge Seismic Retrofit Project ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Exclusion zone Source level (m) for ZOI (m) for ZOI (m) for Pile type/method (dBrms re 1 pinnipeds (190 impact hammer vibratory [mu]Pa at 10m) dB re 1 (160 dB re 1 hammer (120 dB [mu]Pa) [mu]Pa) re 1 [mu]Pa) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14-inch P/C concrete vibratory removal (use 12- 150 NA NA 1,000 inch steel H pile as proxy).................... 16-inch CISS impact pile driving................ 187 10 631 NA 16-inch CISS vibratory pile driving (using 24- 160 NA NA 4,642 inch steel pile as proxy)...................... 30-inch CISS or CIDH impact pile driving........ 190 10 1,000 NA 30-inch CISS or CIDH vibratory pile driving (use 170 NA NA 21,544 36-inch steel pile as proxy)................... ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Soft Start CALTRANS would implement ``soft start'' (or ramp up) to reduce potential startling behavioral responses from marine mammals. Soft start requires contractors to initiate noise from the vibratory hammer for 15 seconds at reduced energy followed by a 1-minute waiting period. The procedure would be repeated two additional times. Soft start for impact hammers requires contractors to provide an initial set of three strikes from the impact hammer at 40 percent energy, followed by a 1- minute waiting period, then two subsequent three-strike sets. Each day, CALTRANS would use the soft-start technique at the beginning of pile driving, or if pile driving has ceased for more than one hour. Shutdown Measures CALTRANS shall implement shutdown measures if a marine mammal is sighted approaching the Level A exclusion zone. In-water construction activities shall be suspended until the marine mammal is sighted moving away from the exclusion zone, or if the animal is not sighted for 30 minutes after the shutdown. In addition, CALTRANS shall implement shutdown measures if the number of any allotted marine mammal takes reaches the limit under the IHA (if issued), if such marine mammals are sighted within the vicinity of the project area and are approaching the Level B ZOI during in-water pile driving. Furthermore, CALTRANS shall implant shutdown measures if any marine mammals not authorized under the IHA (if issued) are sighted within the vicinity of the project area and are approaching the Level B ZOI during in-water pile driving. Mitigation Conclusions NMFS has carefully evaluated the applicant's proposed mitigation measures and considered a range of other measures in the context of ensuring that NMFS prescribes the means of effecting the least practicable impact on the affected marine mammal species and stocks and their habitat. Our evaluation of potential measures included consideration of the following factors in relation to one another: The manner in which, and the degree to which, the successful implementation of the measure is expected to minimize adverse impacts to marine mammals The proven or likely efficacy of the specific measure to minimize adverse impacts as planned The practicability of the measure for applicant implementation. Any mitigation measure(s) prescribed by NMFS should be able to accomplish, have a reasonable likelihood of accomplishing (based on current science), or contribute to the accomplishment of one or more of the general goals listed below: (1) Avoidance or minimization of injury or death of marine mammals wherever possible (goals 2, 3, and 4 may contribute to this goal). (2) A reduction in the numbers of marine mammals (total number or number at biologically important time or location) exposed to received levels of pile driving and pile removal or other activities expected to result in the take of marine mammals (this goal may contribute to 1, above, or to reducing harassment takes only). (3) A reduction in the number of times (total number or number at biologically important time or location) individuals would be exposed to [[Page 76942]] received levels of pile driving and pile removal, or other activities expected to result in the take of marine mammals (this goal may contribute to 1, above, or to reducing harassment takes only). (4) A reduction in the intensity of exposures (either total number or number at biologically important time or location) to received levels of pile driving, or other activities expected to result in the take of marine mammals (this goal may contribute to a, above, or to reducing the severity of harassment takes only). (5) Avoidance or minimization of adverse effects to marine mammal habitat, paying special attention to the food base, activities that block or limit passage to or from biologically important areas, permanent destruction of habitat, or temporary destruction/disturbance of habitat during a biologically important time. (6) For monitoring directly related to mitigation--an increase in the probability of detecting marine mammals, thus allowing for more effective implementation of the mitigation. Based on our evaluation of the applicant's proposed measures, as well as other measures considered by NMFS, NMFS has preliminarily determined that the proposed mitigation measures provide the means of effecting the least practicable impact on marine mammals species or stocks and their habitat, paying particular attention to rookeries, mating grounds, and areas of similar significance. Proposed Monitoring and Reporting In order to issue an incidental take authorization (ITA) for an activity, section 101(a)(5)(D) of the MMPA states that NMFS must set forth, ``requirements pertaining to the monitoring and reporting of such taking.'' The MMPA implementing regulations at 50 CFR 216.104 (a)(13) indicate that requests for ITAs must include the suggested means of accomplishing the necessary monitoring and reporting that will result in increased knowledge of the species and of the level of taking or impacts on populations of marine mammals that are expected to be present in the proposed action area. CALTRANS submitted a marine mammal monitoring plan as part of the IHA application. It can be found at http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/permits/incidental.htm. The plan may be modified or supplemented based on comments or new information received from the public during the public comment period. Monitoring measures prescribed by NMFS should accomplish one or more of the following general goals: (1) An increase in the probability of detecting marine mammals, both within the mitigation zone (thus allowing for more effective implementation of the mitigation) and in general to generate more data to contribute to the analyses mentioned below; (2) An increase in our understanding of how many marine mammals are likely to be exposed to levels of pile driving that we associate with specific adverse effects, such as behavioral harassment, TTS, or PTS; (3) An increase in our understanding of how marine mammals respond to stimuli expected to result in take and how anticipated adverse effects on individuals (in different ways and to varying degrees) may impact the population, species, or stock (specifically through effects on annual rates of recruitment or survival) through any of the following methods: [ssquf] Behavioral observations in the presence of stimuli compared to observations in the absence of stimuli (need to be able to accurately predict received level, distance from source, and other pertinent information); [ssquf] Physiological measurements in the presence of stimuli compared to observations in the absence of stimuli (need to be able to accurately predict received level, distance from source, and other pertinent information); [ssquf] Distribution and/or abundance comparisons in times or areas with concentrated stimuli versus times or areas without stimuli; (4) An increased knowledge of the affected species; and (5) An increase in our understanding of the effectiveness of certain mitigation and monitoring measures. Proposed Monitoring Measures During in-water pile driving, CALTRANS would employ NMFS-approved protected species observers (PSOs) to conduct marine mammal monitoring for its Murray Street Bridge seismic retrofit project. The PSOs would observe and collect data on marine mammals in and around the project area for 30 minutes before, during, and after all pile removal and pile installation work. If a PSO observes a marine mammal approaching the exclusion zone, in-water impact pile driving would be ceased immediately. In addition, if a PSO observes a marine mammal within a ZOI that appears to be disturbed by the work activity, the PSO would notify the work crew to initiate shutdown measures. Monitoring of marine mammals around the construction site shall be conducted using high-quality binoculars (e.g., Zeiss, 10 x 42 power). The PSO(s) should be deployed in locations with the best vantage point where the entire ZOI can be monitored. CALTRANS would also conduct hydroacoustic monitoring of its initial pile driving to establish exclusion zones and ZOIs based on acoustic measurements. CALTRANS would also submit the hydroacoustic monitoring plan for NMFS approval before the measurements are conducted. The size of these zones listed in Table 3 may be adjusted based on in situ acoustic measurements. Data collection during marine mammal monitoring would consist of a count of all marine mammals by species, a description of behavior (if possible), location, direction of movement, type of construction that is occurring, time that pile replacement work begins and ends, any acoustic or visual disturbance, and time of the observation. Environmental conditions such as weather, visibility, temperature, tide level, current, and sea state would also be recorded. Proposed Reporting Measures CALTRANS would be required to submit a final monitoring report within 90 days after completion of the construction work or the expiration of the IHA (if issued), whichever comes earlier. This report would detail the monitoring protocol, summarize the data recorded during monitoring, and estimate the number of marine mammals that may have been harassed. NMFS would have an opportunity to provide comments on the report, and if NMFS has comments, CALTRANS would address the comments and submit a final report to NMFS within 30 days. In addition, NMFS would require CALTRANS to notify NMFS' Office of Protected Resources and NMFS' Stranding Network within 48 hours of sighting an injured or dead marine mammal in the vicinity of the construction site. CALTRANS shall provide NMFS with the species or description of the animal(s), the condition of the animal(s) (including carcass condition, if the animal is dead), location, time of first discovery, observed behaviors (if alive), and photo or video (if available). In the event that CALTRANS finds an injured or dead marine mammal that is not in the vicinity of the construction area, CALTRANS would report the same information as listed above to NMFS as soon as operationally feasible. [[Page 76943]] Estimated Take by Incidental Harassment Except with respect to certain activities not pertinent here, the MMPA defines ``harassment'' as: Any act of pursuit, torment, or annoyance which (i) has the potential to injure a marine mammal or marine mammal stock in the wild [Level A harassment]; or (ii) has the potential to disturb a marine mammal or marine mammal stock in the wild by causing disruption of behavioral patterns, including, but not limited to, migration, breathing, nursing, breeding, feeding, or sheltering [Level B harassment]. As discussed above, in-water pile removal and pile driving (vibratory and impact) generate loud noises that could potentially harass marine mammals in the vicinity of CALTRANS's proposed Murray Street Bridge seismic retrofit project. As mentioned earlier in this document, currently NMFS uses 120 dB re 1 [mu]Pa and 160 dB re 1 [mu]Pa at the received levels for the onset of Level B harassment from non-impulse (vibratory pile driving and removal) and impulse sources (impact pile driving) underwater, respectively. Table 4 summarizes the current NMFS marine mammal take criteria. Table 4--Current Acoustic Exposure Criteria for Non-Explosive Sound Underwater ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Criterion Criterion definition Threshold ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Level A Harassment (Injury)... Permanent Threshold 180 dB re 1 Shift (PTS) (Any [mu]Pa level above that (cetaceans). which is known to 190 dB re 1 cause TTS). [mu]Pa (pinnipeds) root mean square (rms). Level B Harassment............ Behavioral Disruption 160 dB re 1 (for impulse noises). [mu]Pa (rms). Level B Harassment............ Behavioral Disruption 120 dB re 1 (for non-impulse [mu]Pa (rms). noise). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Numbers of marine mammals that could be incidentally harassed are calculated by estimating the maximum number of marine mammal being present within a ZOI during active pile driving based on estimates of numbers of animals identified during the marine mammal surveys. Numbers of residential harbor seals are expected to be at a maximum during the season in which surveys were conducted (outside of breeding and molting seasons). Pile driving (in[hyphen]water and on[hyphen]land) estimates are based on the maximum number of days that pile driving could potentially occur (installation of 42 permanent bridge; installation and removal of 120 temporary piles to support a construction trestle, if used; removal and reinstallation 35 boat berth piles, and removal of 4 existing bridge piles. In total, up to 49 days of pile driving and 15.5 days of pile removal are anticipated. For the exposure estimate, it is conservatively assumed that the highest count of sea lions, harbor seals, and sea otters observed will be foraging within the ZOI and be exposed multiple times during the Project. The calculation for estimated marine mammal takes is: Instances of estimated take = N (number of animals in the area) * Number of days of pile removal/driving activity Numbers of animals in the proposed project area are based on CALTRANS marine mammal counts conducted in September and October, 2009. Estimates include the number of anticipated instances of Level B acoustical harassment during impact pile driving and vibratory pile removal. All estimates are conservative, as pile removal/driving would not be continuous during the work day. Additionally, the number of individual marine mammals taken is anticipated to be lower than the number of estimated instances, because we expect some individuals to be taken on multiple days. Using this approach, a summary of estimated instances of takes of marine mammals incidental to CALTRANS's Murray Street Bridge seismic retrofit project are provided in Table 5. Table 5--Estimated Numbers of Marine Mammals That May Be Exposed to Level B Behavioral Harassment ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Estimated instances of Species marine mammal Abundance Percentage take ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pacific harbor seal........................................... 710 30,968 2.29% California sea lion........................................... 968 296,750 0.32 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Analysis and Preliminary Determinations Negligible Impact Negligible impact is ``an impact resulting from the specified activity that cannot be reasonably expected to, and is not reasonably likely to, adversely affect the species or stock through effects on annual rates of recruitment or survival'' (50 CFR 216.103). A negligible impact finding is based on the lack of likely adverse effects on annual rates of recruitment or survival (i.e., population- level effects). An estimate of the number of Level B harassment takes, alone, is not enough information on which to base an impact determination. In addition to considering estimates of the number of marine mammals that might be ``taken'' through behavioral harassment, NMFS must consider other factors, such as the likely nature of any responses (their intensity, duration, etc.), the context of any responses (critical reproductive time or location, migration, etc.), as well as the number and nature of estimated Level A harassment takes, the number of estimated mortalities, and effects on habitat. To avoid repetition, this introductory discussion of our analyses applies to both species listed in Table 5, given that the anticipated effects of CALTRANS's Murray Street Bridge seismic retrofit project on marine mammals are expected to be relatively similar in nature. There is no information about the nature or severity of the impacts, or the size, status, or structure of any species or stock that would lead to a different analysis for this activity, else [[Page 76944]] species-specific factors would be identified and analyzed. CALTRANS's proposed Murray Street Bridge seismic retrofit project would involve vibratory pile removal and impact pile driving activities. Elevated underwater noises are expected to be generated as a result of these activities. The exclusion zone for Level A harassment is extremely small (10 m from the source), and with the implementation of the proposed monitoring and mitigation measures described above, there would be no Level A take of marine mammals. For vibratory pile removal and pile driving, noise levels are not expected to reach the level that may cause TTS, injury (including PTS), or mortality to marine mammals. Additionally, the sum of noise from CALTRANS's proposed Murray Street Bridge seismic retrofit activities is confined to a limited area within the Santa Cruz Harbor; therefore, the noise generated is not expected to contribute to increased ocean ambient noise outside the Harbor. In addition, due to shallow water depths in the project area, underwater sound propagation of low-frequency sound (which is the major noise source from pile driving) is expected to be poor. In addition, CALTRANS's proposed activities are localized and of short duration. The entire project area is limited to CALTRANS's Murray Street Bridge seismic retrofit work. The entire project would involve the removal of 4 existing piles and installation of 24 in-water piles. The duration for pile removal and pile driving would be 30 days within the 10-month period. These low-intensity, localized, and short-term noise exposures may cause brief startle reactions or short-term behavioral modification by the animals. These reactions and behavioral changes are expected to subside quickly when the exposures cease. Moreover, the proposed mitigation and monitoring measures are expected to reduce potential exposures and behavioral modifications even further. Additionally, no important feeding and/or reproductive areas for marine mammals are known to be near the proposed action area. Therefore, the take resulting from the proposed Murray Street Bridge seismic retrofit work is not reasonably expected to, and is not reasonably likely to, adversely affect the marine mammal species or stocks through effects on annual rates of recruitment or survival. The proposed project area is not a prime habitat for marine mammals, nor is it considered an area frequented by marine mammals. Behavioral disturbances that could result from anthropogenic noise associated with CALTRANS's construction activities are expected to affect only a small number of marine mammals on an infrequent and limited basis. The project also is not expected to have significant adverse effects on affected marine mammals' habitat, as analyzed in detail in the ``Anticipated Effects on Marine Mammal Habitat'' section. The project activities would not modify existing marine mammal habitat. The activities may cause some fish to leave the area of disturbance, thus temporarily impacting marine mammals' foraging opportunities in a limited portion of the foraging range; but, because of the short duration of the activities and the relatively small area of the habitat that may be affected, the impacts to marine mammal habitat are not expected to cause significant or long-term negative consequences. Based on the analysis contained herein of the likely effects of the specified activity on marine mammals and their habitat, and taking into consideration the implementation of the proposed monitoring and mitigation measures, NMFS preliminarily finds that the total marine mammal take from CALTRANS's Murray Street Bridge seismic retrofit project will have a negligible impact on the affected marine mammal species or stocks. Small Number Based on analyses provided above, it is estimated that approximately 710 harbor seals and 968 California sea lions could be exposed to received noise levels that could cause Level B behavioral harassment from the proposed construction work at the Murray Street Bridge in Santa Cruz, California. These numbers represent approximately 2.29% and 0.32% of the populations of harbor seal and California sea lion, respectively, that could be affected by Level B behavioral harassment, respectively (see Table 5 above), which are small percentages relative to the total populations of the affected species or stocks. Accordingly, NMFS preliminarily finds that small numbers of marine mammals will be taken relative to the populations of the affected species or stocks. Impact on Availability of Affected Species for Taking for Subsistence Uses There are no subsistence uses of marine mammals in the proposed project area; and, thus, no subsistence uses impacted by this action. Therefore, NMFS has determined that the total taking of affected species or stocks would not have an unmitigable adverse impact on the availability of such species or stocks for taking for subsistence purposes. Endangered Species Act (ESA) NMFS has determined that issuance of the IHA will have no effect on listed marine mammals, as none are known to occur in the action area. National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) NMFS prepared a draft Environmental Assessment (EA) for the proposed issuance of an IHA, pursuant to NEPA, to determine whether or not this proposed activity may have a significant effect on the human environment. This analysis will be completed prior to the issuance or denial of this proposed IHA. Proposed Authorization As a result of these preliminary determinations, NMFS proposes to issue an IHA to CALTRANS for conducting the Murray Street Bridge seismic retrofit project, provided the previously mentioned mitigation, monitoring, and reporting requirements are incorporated. The proposed IHA language is provided next. 1. This Authorization is valid from March 1, 2016, through February 28, 2017. 2. This Authorization is valid only for activities associated in- water construction work at the Murray Street Bridge seismic retrofit project in Santa Cruz, California. 3. (a) The species authorized for incidental harassment takings, Level B harassment only, are: Pacific harbor seal (Phoca vitulina richardsi) and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). (b) The authorization for taking by harassment is limited to the following acoustic sources and from the following activities: Impact pile driving; Vibratory pile removal; and Work associated with above piling activities. (c) The taking of any marine mammal in a manner prohibited under this Authorization must be reported within 24 hours of the taking to the West Coast Administrator (206-526-6150), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and the Chief of the Permits and Conservation Division, Office of Protected Resources, NMFS, at (301) 427-8401, or her designee (301-427-8401). 4. The holder of this Authorization must notify the Chief of the Permits and Conservation Division, Office of Protected Resources, at least 48 hours prior to the start of activities identified in 3(b) (unless constrained by the date [[Page 76945]] of issuance of this Authorization in which case notification shall be made as soon as possible). 5. Prohibitions (a) The taking, by incidental harassment only, is limited to the species listed under condition 3(a) above and by the numbers listed in Table 5. The taking by Level A harassment, injury or death of these species or the taking by harassment, injury or death of any other species of marine mammal is prohibited and may result in the modification, suspension, or revocation of this Authorization. (b) The taking of any marine mammal is prohibited whenever the required protected species observers (PSOs), required by condition 7(a), are not present in conformance with condition 7(a) of this Authorization. 6. Mitigation (a) Time Restriction In-water construction work shall occur only during daylight hours, when visual monitoring of marine mammals can be conducted. (b) Pre-Construction Removal of Artificial Haul-out Sites. All known and potential artificial structures could be used by pinnipeds for haul[hyphen]out that occur in the construction work area shall be removed. These structures include floating docks (i.e. Dock FF), rubber docks, or boats. (c) Pre-Construction Workers Training Prior to in[hyphen]water construction, construction crews should be trained regarding the status and sensitivity of the target species in the area and the actions to be taken to avoid or minimize impacts in the event of a target species entering the in[hyphen]water work area. (d) Establish Exclusion Zones A 10-m (33 ft) radius around the piling site should be established as an exclusion zone. This exclusion zone is based on received sound levels exceed 190 dB re 1 [mu]Pa from impact pile driving. (e) Establishment of Level B Harassment Zones of Influence A 1,000-m (0.62-mi) radius around the piling site should be established as a preliminary zone of influence (ZOI) for impact pile driving and for vibratory pile removal. The distance to the edge of the ZOI correspond to received level falls to 160 dB re 1 [mu]Pa from impact pile driving and 120 dB re 1 [mu]Pa from vibratory pile removal. (f) Soft Start (i) CALTRANS shall implement ``soft start'' (or ramp up) to reduce potential startling behavioral responses from marine mammals. (ii) Soft start requires contractors to initiate noise from the vibratory hammer for 15 seconds at reduced energy followed by a 1- minute waiting period. The procedure would be repeated two additional times. (iii) Soft start for impact hammers requires contractors to provide an initial set of three strikes from the impact hammer at 40 percent energy, followed by a 1-minute waiting period, then two subsequent three-strike sets. (iv) Each day, CALTRANS would use the soft-start technique at the beginning of pile driving, or if pile driving has ceased for more than one hour. (g) Shutdown Measures (i) CALTRANS shall implement shutdown measures if a marine mammal is sighted approaching the Level A exclusion zone. In-water construction activities shall be suspended until the marine mammal is sighted moving away from the exclusion zone, or if the animal is not sighted for 30 minutes after the shutdown. (ii) CALTRANS shall implement shutdown measures if the number of any allotted marine mammal takes reaches the limit under the IHA (if issued), if such marine mammals are sighted within the vicinity of the project area and are approaching the Level B ZOI during in-water pile driving. (iii) CALTRANS shall implant shutdown measures if any marine mammals not authorized under the IHA (if issued) are sighted within the vicinity of the project area and are approaching the Level B ZOI during in-water pile driving. 7. Monitoring: (a) Visual Monitoring (i) CALTRANS shall employ NMFS-approved PSO(s) to conduct marine mammal monitoring for its construction project. (ii) Monitoring of marine mammals around the construction site shall be conducted using high-quality binoculars (e.g., Zeiss, 10 x 42 power). (iii) The PSO(s) should be deployed in locations with the best vantage point where the entire ZOI can be monitored. (iv) The PSO(s) shall observe and collect data on marine mammals in and around the project area for 30 minutes before, during, and for 30 minutes after all pile removal and pile installation work. (v) Data collection during marine mammal monitoring would consist of a count of all marine mammals by species, a description of behavior (if possible), location, direction of movement, type of construction that is occurring, time that pile replacement work begins and ends, any acoustic or visual disturbance, and time of the observation. Environmental conditions: Weather, visibility, temperature, tide level, current, and sea state shall also be recorded. (b) Hydroacoustic Monitoring (i) CALTRANS shall conduct hydroacoustic monitoring of its initial pile driving to establish exclusion zones and ZOIs based on acoustic measurements. (ii) CALTRANS shall submit the hydroacoustic monitoring plan for NMFS approval before the measurements are conducted. (iii) The size of modeled exclusion zones and ZOIs may be adjusted based on in situ acoustic measurements. 8. Reporting: (a) CALTRANS shall provide NMFS with a draft monitoring report within 90 days of the conclusion of the construction work or within 90 days of the expiration of the IHA, whichever comes first. This report shall detail the monitoring protocol, summarize the data recorded during monitoring, and estimate the number of marine mammals that may have been harassed. (b) If comments are received from the NMFS West Coast Regional Administrator or NMFS Office of Protected Resources on the draft report, a final report shall be submitted to NMFS within 30 days thereafter. If no comments are received from NMFS, the draft report will be considered to be the final report. (c) In the unanticipated event that the construction activities clearly cause the take of a marine mammal in a manner prohibited by this Authorization (if issued), such as an injury, serious injury, or mortality, CALTRANS shall immediately cease all operations and immediately report the incident to the Chief, Permits and Conservation Division, Office of Protected Resources, NMFS, and the West Coast Regional Stranding Coordinators. The report must include the following information: (i) Time, date, and location (latitude/longitude) of the incident; (ii) Description of the incident; (iii) Status of all sound source use in the 24 hours preceding the incident; (iv) Environmental conditions (including wind speed and direction, sea state, cloud cover, visibility, and water depth); (v) Description of marine mammal observations in the 24 hours preceding the incident; (vi) Species identification or description of the animal(s) involved; (vii) The fate of the animal(s); and (viii) Photographs or video footage of the animal (if equipment is available). Activities shall not resume until NMFS is able to review the circumstances of the prohibited take. NMFS shall work with CALTRANS to [[Page 76946]] determine what is necessary to minimize the likelihood of further prohibited take and ensure MMPA compliance. CALTRANS may not resume their activities until notified by NMFS via letter, email, or telephone. (E) In the event that CALTRANS discovers an injured or dead marine mammal, and the lead PSO determines that the cause of the injury or death is unknown and the death is relatively recent (i.e., in less than a moderate state of decomposition as described in the next paragraph), CALTRANS will immediately report the incident to the Chief, Permits and Conservation Division, Office of Protected Resources, NMFS, and the West Coast Regional Stranding Coordinators. The report must include the same information identified above. Activities may continue while NMFS reviews the circumstances of the incident. NMFS will work with CALTRANS to determine whether modifications in the activities are appropriate. (F) In the event that CALTRANS discovers an injured or dead marine mammal, and the lead PSO determines that the injury or death is not associated with or related to the activities authorized in the IHA (e.g., previously wounded animal, carcass with moderate to advanced decomposition, or scavenger damage), CALTRANS shall report the incident to the Chief, Permits and Conservation Division, Office of Protected Resources, NMFS, and the West Coast Regional Stranding Coordinators, within 24 hours of the discovery. CALTRANS shall provide photographs or video footage (if available) or other documentation of the stranded animal sighting to NMFS and the Marine Mammal Stranding Network. CALTRANS can continue its operations under such a case. 9. This Authorization may be modified, suspended or withdrawn if the holder fails to abide by the conditions prescribed herein or if the authorized taking is having more than a negligible impact on the species or stock of affected marine mammals, or if there is an unmitigable adverse impact on the availability of such species or stocks for subsistence uses. 10. A copy of this Authorization must be in the possession of each contractor who performs the construction work at the Murray Street Bridge seismic retrofits project. Dated: December 7, 2015. Donna S. Wieting, Director, Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service. [FR Doc. 2015-31205 Filed 12-10-15; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 3510-22-P
![76936 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 238 / Friday, December 11, 2015 / Notices
Framework’s coordination to another FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Estimated Time per Response: 15
organization? Direct requests for additional minutes per permit application; 20
22. If so, what might be transitioned information or copies of the information minutes per logsheet form.
(e.g., all, Core, Profile, Implementation collection instrument and instructions Estimated Total Annual Burden
Tiers, Informative References, to Walter Ikehara, (808) 725–5175 or Hours: 40.
methodologies)? Walter.Ikehara@noaa.gov. Estimated Total Annual Cost to
23. If so, to what kind of organization SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
Public: $100 in recordkeeping/reporting
(e.g., not-for-profit, for-profit; U.S. costs.
organization, multinational I. Abstract
IV. Request for Comments
organization) could it be transitioned, This request is for extension of a Comments are invited on: (a) Whether
and could it be self-sustaining? current information collection. the proposed collection of information
24. How might any potential The National Marine Fisheries Service is necessary for the proper performance
transition affect those currently using (NMFS) manages fishing activities in the of the functions of the agency, including
the Framework? In the event of a Rose Atoll Marine, Marianas Trench, whether the information shall have
transition, what steps might be taken to and Pacific Remote Islands Marine practical utility; (b) the accuracy of the
minimize or prevent disruption for National Monuments. Regulations at 50 agency’s estimate of the burden
those currently using the Framework? CFR part 665 require the owner and (including hours and cost) of the
25. What factors should be used to operator of a vessel used to non- proposed collection of information; (c)
evaluate whether the transition partner commercially fish for, take, retain, or ways to enhance the quality, utility, and
(or partners) has the capacity to work possess any management unit species in clarity of the information to be
closely and effectively with domestic these monuments to hold a valid permit. collected; and (d) ways to minimize the
and international organizations and Regulations also require the owner burden of the collection of information
governments, in light of the importance and operator of a vessel that is chartered on respondents, including through the
of aligning cybersecurity standards, to fish recreationally for, take, retain, or use of automated collection techniques
guidelines, and practices within the possess, any management unit species or other forms of information
United States and globally? in these monuments to hold a valid technology.
Richard Cavanagh, permit. The fishing vessel must be Comments submitted in response to
registered to the permit. The charter this notice will be summarized and/or
Acting Associate Director for Laboratory
Programs. business must be established legally in included in the request for OMB
the permit area where it will operate. approval of this information collection;
[FR Doc. 2015–31217 Filed 12–10–15; 8:45 am]
Charter vessel clients are not required to they also will become a matter of public
BILLING CODE 3510–13–P
have a permit. record.
The permit application collects basic
Dated: December 7, 2015.
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE information about the permit applicant,
type of operation, vessel, and permit Sarah Brabson,
area. NMFS uses this information to NOAA PRA Clearance Officer.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
determine permit eligibility. The [FR Doc. 2015–31164 Filed 12–10–15; 8:45 am]
Administration
information is important for BILLING CODE 3510–22–P
Proposed Information Collection; understanding the nature of the fishery
Comment Request; Permit and and provides a link to participants. It
Reporting Requirements for Non- also aids in the enforcement of Fishery DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Commercial Fishing in the Rose Atoll, Ecosystem Plan measures.
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Marianas Trench, and Pacific Remote Regulations also require the vessel Administration
Islands Marine National Monuments operator to report a complete record of
catch, effort, and other data on a NMFS RIN 0648–XD065
AGENCY: National Oceanic and logsheet. The vessel operator must
Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), record all requested information on the Takes of Marine Mammals Incidental to
Commerce. logsheet within 24 hours of the Specified Activities; Taking Marine
ACTION: Notice. completion of each fishing day. The Mammals Incidental to Murray Street
vessel operator also must sign, date, and Bridge Seismic Retrofit Project by the
SUMMARY: The Department of California State Department of
submit the form to NMFS within 30
Commerce, as part of its continuing Transportation
days of the end of each fishing trip.
effort to reduce paperwork and
respondent burden, invites the general II. Method of Collection AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries
public and other Federal agencies to Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and
NMFS collects information on paper Atmospheric Administration (NOAA),
take this opportunity to comment on permit applications and logsheets.
proposed and/or continuing information Commerce.
collections, as required by the III. Data ACTION: Notice; proposed incidental
Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995. harassment authorization; request for
OMB Control Number: 0648–0664.
DATES: Written comments must be
comments and information.
Form Number(s): None.
submitted on or before February 9, 2016. Type of Review: Regular (extension of SUMMARY: NMFS has received an
jstallworth on DSK7TPTVN1PROD with NOTICES
ADDRESSES: Direct all written comments a currently approved information application from California State
to Jennifer Jessup, Departmental collection). Department of Transportation (Caltrans)
Paperwork Clearance Officer, Affected Public: Business or other for- for an Incidental Harassment
Department of Commerce, Room 6616, profit organizations, individuals or Authorization (IHA) to take marine
14th and Constitution Avenue NW., households. mammals, by harassment, incidental to
Washington, DC 20230 (or via the Estimated Number of Respondents: Murray Street Bridge seismic retrofit
Internet at JJessup@doc.gov). 25. project in Santa Cruz, California.
VerDate Sep<11>2014 14:55 Dec 10, 2015 Jkt 238001 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 E:\FR\FM\11DEN1.SGM 11DEN1](https://thefederalregister.org/doc/80_FR_77174/page/1.svg)
![Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 238 / Friday, December 11, 2015 / Notices 76943
Estimated Take by Incidental wild by causing disruption of behavioral As mentioned earlier in this
Harassment patterns, including, but not limited to, document, currently NMFS uses 120 dB
migration, breathing, nursing, breeding, re 1 mPa and 160 dB re 1 mPa at the
Except with respect to certain feeding, or sheltering [Level B received levels for the onset of Level B
activities not pertinent here, the MMPA harassment]. harassment from non-impulse (vibratory
defines ‘‘harassment’’ as: Any act of As discussed above, in-water pile pile driving and removal) and impulse
pursuit, torment, or annoyance which (i) removal and pile driving (vibratory and sources (impact pile driving)
has the potential to injure a marine impact) generate loud noises that could underwater, respectively. Table 4
mammal or marine mammal stock in the potentially harass marine mammals in summarizes the current NMFS marine
wild [Level A harassment]; or (ii) has the vicinity of CALTRANS’s proposed
mammal take criteria.
the potential to disturb a marine Murray Street Bridge seismic retrofit
mammal or marine mammal stock in the project.
TABLE 4—CURRENT ACOUSTIC EXPOSURE CRITERIA FOR NON-EXPLOSIVE SOUND UNDERWATER
Criterion Criterion definition Threshold
Level A Harassment (Injury) ..... Permanent Threshold Shift (PTS) (Any level above that which 180 dB re 1 μPa (cetaceans).
is known to cause TTS). 190 dB re 1 μPa (pinnipeds) root mean
square (rms).
Level B Harassment ................. Behavioral Disruption (for impulse noises) ............................... 160 dB re 1 μPa (rms).
Level B Harassment ................. Behavioral Disruption (for non-impulse noise) .......................... 120 dB re 1 μPa (rms).
Numbers of marine mammals that removal and reinstallation 35 boat berth marine mammal counts conducted in
could be incidentally harassed are piles, and removal of 4 existing bridge September and October, 2009. Estimates
calculated by estimating the maximum piles. In total, up to 49 days of pile include the number of anticipated
number of marine mammal being driving and 15.5 days of pile removal instances of Level B acoustical
present within a ZOI during active pile are anticipated. harassment during impact pile driving
driving based on estimates of numbers For the exposure estimate, it is and vibratory pile removal. All
of animals identified during the marine conservatively assumed that the highest estimates are conservative, as pile
mammal surveys. Numbers of count of sea lions, harbor seals, and sea removal/driving would not be
residential harbor seals are expected to otters observed will be foraging within continuous during the work day.
be at a maximum during the season in the ZOI and be exposed multiple times Additionally, the number of individual
which surveys were conducted (outside during the Project. marine mammals taken is anticipated to
of breeding and molting seasons). The calculation for estimated marine be lower than the number of estimated
Pile driving (in-water and on-land) mammal takes is: instances, because we expect some
estimates are based on the maximum Instances of estimated take = N (number individuals to be taken on multiple
number of days that pile driving could of animals in the area) * Number of days. Using this approach, a summary of
potentially occur (installation of 42 days of pile removal/driving estimated instances of takes of marine
permanent bridge; installation and activity mammals incidental to CALTRANS’s
removal of 120 temporary piles to Numbers of animals in the proposed Murray Street Bridge seismic retrofit
support a construction trestle, if used; project area are based on CALTRANS project are provided in Table 5.
TABLE 5—ESTIMATED NUMBERS OF MARINE MAMMALS THAT MAY BE EXPOSED TO LEVEL B BEHAVIORAL HARASSMENT
Estimated
instances of
Species Abundance Percentage
marine mammal
take
Pacific harbor seal ................................................................................................................... 710 30,968 2.29%
California sea lion .................................................................................................................... 968 296,750 0.32
Analysis and Preliminary of Level B harassment takes, alone, is estimated mortalities, and effects on
Determinations not enough information on which to habitat.
Negligible Impact base an impact determination. In To avoid repetition, this introductory
addition to considering estimates of the discussion of our analyses applies to
Negligible impact is ‘‘an impact number of marine mammals that might
resulting from the specified activity that both species listed in Table 5, given that
be ‘‘taken’’ through behavioral the anticipated effects of CALTRANS’s
cannot be reasonably expected to, and is
harassment, NMFS must consider other Murray Street Bridge seismic retrofit
not reasonably likely to, adversely affect
jstallworth on DSK7TPTVN1PROD with NOTICES
factors, such as the likely nature of any project on marine mammals are
the species or stock through effects on
annual rates of recruitment or survival’’ responses (their intensity, duration, expected to be relatively similar in
(50 CFR 216.103). A negligible impact etc.), the context of any responses nature. There is no information about
finding is based on the lack of likely (critical reproductive time or location, the nature or severity of the impacts, or
adverse effects on annual rates of migration, etc.), as well as the number the size, status, or structure of any
recruitment or survival (i.e., population- and nature of estimated Level A species or stock that would lead to a
level effects). An estimate of the number harassment takes, the number of different analysis for this activity, else
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![76946 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 238 / Friday, December 11, 2015 / Notices
determine what is necessary to COMMITTEE FOR PURCHASE FROM 6862—Cabinet, Storage
minimize the likelihood of further PEOPLE WHO ARE BLIND OR Mandatory Source(s) of Supply: UNKNOWN
prohibited take and ensure MMPA Contracting Activity: Defense Logistics
SEVERELY DISABLED
Agency Aviation, Richmond, VA
compliance. CALTRANS may not
NSN(s)—Product Name(s):
resume their activities until notified by Procurement List; Deletions 7510–01–429–6946—DAYMAX System,
NMFS via letter, email, or telephone. Scratch Pad Refill, Lined, 6-hole
(E) In the event that CALTRANS AGENCY: Committee for Purchase From
People Who Are Blind or Severely 7510–01–429–7418—DAYMAX System,
discovers an injured or dead marine Replacement Binder, LE, Zipper Closure,
mammal, and the lead PSO determines Disabled. 3-hole, Burgundy
that the cause of the injury or death is ACTION: Deletions from the Procurement 7510–01–429–7414—DAYMAX System,
unknown and the death is relatively List. Replacement Binder, LE, Zipper Closure,
recent (i.e., in less than a moderate state 3-hole, Black
SUMMARY: This action deletes products 7510–01–429–7413—DAYMAX System,
of decomposition as described in the from the Procurement List previously Replacement Binder, GLE, 7-hole, Black
next paragraph), CALTRANS will furnished by nonprofit agencies 7510–01–429–7034—DAYMAX System,
immediately report the incident to the employing persons who are blind or Tabbed Sections, 3-hole
Chief, Permits and Conservation have other severe disabilities. 7510–01–429–7035—DAYMAX System,
Division, Office of Protected Resources, Itinerary Refill, 7-hole
DATES: Effective Date: 1/10/2016. 7510–01–429–7038—DAYMAX System,
NMFS, and the West Coast Regional
Stranding Coordinators. The report must ADDRESSES: Committee for Purchase ‘Things to Do’ Refill, 3-hole
include the same information identified From People Who Are Blind or Severely 7510–01–429–7040—DAYMAX System,
Disabled, 1401 S. Clark Street, Suite Account Ledger Refill, 3-hole
above. Activities may continue while
715, Arlington, Virginia, 22202–4149. 7510–01–429–7041—DAYMAX System,
NMFS reviews the circumstances of the Assignment List Refill, DOD, 3-hole.
incident. NMFS will work with FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: 7510–01–429–7046—DAYMAX System,
CALTRANS to determine whether Patricia Briscoe, Telephone: (703) 603– Account Ledger Refill, 7-hole
modifications in the activities are 7740, Fax: (703) 603–0655, or email 7510–01–429–7050—DAYMAX System, Task
appropriate. CMTEFedReg@AbilityOne.gov. Plan Refill, DOD, 3-hole.
(F) In the event that CALTRANS SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 7510–01–429–7051—DAYMAX System,
discovers an injured or dead marine Tabbed Alpha Directory, 3-hole
mammal, and the lead PSO determines Deletions 7510–01–429–7052—DAYMAX System, DIA
that the injury or death is not associated ‘Log’ Refill, DOD, 3-hole
On 10/30/2015 (80 FR 66880) and 11/
7510–01–429–7053—DAYMAX System,
with or related to the activities 6/2015 (80 FR 68860–68862), the Address Directory Refill, 3-hole
authorized in the IHA (e.g., previously Committee for Purchase From People 7510–01–429–7059—DAYMAX System,
wounded animal, carcass with moderate Who Are Blind or Severely Disabled Tabbed Alpha Directory, 7-hole
to advanced decomposition, or published notices of proposed deletions 7510–01–429–7063—DAYMAX System,
scavenger damage), CALTRANS shall from the Procurement List. Priority Tabs, DOD, 3-hole.
report the incident to the Chief, Permits After consideration of the relevant 7510–01–429–7065—DAYMAX System,
and Conservation Division, Office of matter presented, the Committee has Agenda Refill, 3-hole
Protected Resources, NMFS, and the determined that the products listed 7510–01–429–7066—DAYMAX System,
West Coast Regional Stranding Address Directory Refill, 7-hole
below are no longer suitable for
7510–01–429–7068—DAYMAX System,
Coordinators, within 24 hours of the procurement by the Federal Government Project Coordinator Refill, 3-hole
discovery. CALTRANS shall provide under 41 U.S.C. 8501–8506 and 41 CFR 7510–01–429–7069—DAYMAX System,
photographs or video footage (if 51–2.4. Daily Coordinator Refill, DOD, 3-hole.
available) or other documentation of the 7510–01–429–7072—DAYMAX System,
stranded animal sighting to NMFS and Regulatory Flexibility Act Certification
Project Coordinator Refill, 7-hole
the Marine Mammal Stranding Network. I certify that the following action will 7510–01–429–7074—DAYMAX System,
CALTRANS can continue its operations not have a significant impact on a Agenda Refill, 7-hole
under such a case. substantial number of small entities. 7510–01–429–7076—DAYMAX System,
9. This Authorization may be The major factors considered for this Itinerary Refill, 3-hole
modified, suspended or withdrawn if certification were: 7510–01–429–7081—DAYMAX System,
Journal Refill, 3-hole
the holder fails to abide by the 1. The action will not result in 7510–01–429–7412—DAYMAX System,
conditions prescribed herein or if the additional reporting, recordkeeping or Replacement Binder, IE, Velcro Closure,
authorized taking is having more than a other compliance requirements for small 3-hole, Burgundy
negligible impact on the species or stock entities. 7510–01–429–7415—DAYMAX System,
of affected marine mammals, or if there 2. The action may result in Replacement Binder, IE, Velcro Closure,
is an unmitigable adverse impact on the authorizing small entities to furnish the 3-hole, Black
availability of such species or stocks for products to the Government. 7510–01–429–7416—DAYMAX System,
subsistence uses. 3. There are no known regulatory Replacement Binder, IE, Velcro Closure,
10. A copy of this Authorization must alternatives which would accomplish 3-hole, Navy
be in the possession of each contractor 7510–01–429–7417—DAYMAX System,
the objectives of the Javits-Wagner-
Replacement Binder, LE, Zipper Closure,
who performs the construction work at O’Day Act (41 U.S.C. 8501–8506) in 3-hole, Navy
the Murray Street Bridge seismic connection with the products deleted 7510–01–429–7472—DAYMAX System,
jstallworth on DSK7TPTVN1PROD with NOTICES
retrofits project. from the Procurement List. Replacement Binder, GLE, 7-hole,
Dated: December 7, 2015. Burgundy
End of Certification
Donna S. Wieting, 7510–01–429–7474—DAYMAX System,
Accordingly, the following products Replacement Binder, GLE, 7-hole, Navy
Director, Office of Protected Resources, 7510–01–429–7475—DAYMAX System,
National Marine Fisheries Service.
are deleted from the Procurement List:
Replacement Binder, DOD Logo, 3-hole,
[FR Doc. 2015–31205 Filed 12–10–15; 8:45 am] Products Zipper Closure, Burgundy
BILLING CODE 3510–22–P NSN(s)—Product Name(s): 7125–00–449– 7510–01–429–7477—DAYMAX System,
VerDate Sep<11>2014 14:55 Dec 10, 2015 Jkt 238001 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 4703 Sfmt 4703 E:\FR\FM\11DEN1.SGM 11DEN1](https://thefederalregister.org/doc/80_FR_77174/page/11.svg)
Document Created: 2018-03-02 09:12:53
Document Modified: 2018-03-02 09:12:53
| Category | Regulatory Information | |
| Collection | Federal Register | |
| sudoc Class | AE 2.7: GS 4.107: AE 2.106: | |
| Publisher | Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration | |
| Section | Notices | |
| Action | Notice; proposed incidental harassment authorization; request for comments and information. | |
| Dates | Comments and information must be received no later than January 11, 2016. | |
| Contact | Shane Guan, Office of Protected Resources, NMFS, (301) 427-8401. | |
| FR Citation | 80 FR 76936 | |
| RIN Number | 0648-XD06 |
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