80_FR_8001 80 FR 7971 - Pyrimethanil; Pesticide Tolerances

80 FR 7971 - Pyrimethanil; Pesticide Tolerances

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

Federal Register Volume 80, Issue 30 (February 13, 2015)

Page Range7971-7975
FR Document2015-02949

This regulation establishes a tolerance for residues of pyrimethanil in or on pomegranate at 5.0 parts per million (ppm). Janssen PMP requested these tolerances under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA).

Federal Register, Volume 80 Issue 30 (Friday, February 13, 2015)
[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 30 (Friday, February 13, 2015)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 7971-7975]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2015-02949]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 180

[EPA-HQ-OPP-2014-0530; FRL-9922-07]


Pyrimethanil; Pesticide Tolerances

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This regulation establishes a tolerance for residues of 
pyrimethanil in or on pomegranate at 5.0 parts per million (ppm). 
Janssen PMP requested these tolerances under the Federal Food, Drug, 
and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA).

DATES: This regulation is effective February 13, 2015. Objections and 
requests for hearings must be received on or before April 14, 2015, and 
must be filed in accordance with the instructions provided in 40 CFR 
part 178 (see also Unit I.C. of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION).

ADDRESSES: The docket for this action, identified by docket 
identification (ID) number EPA-HQ-OPP-2014-0530, is available at http://www.regulations.gov or at the Office of Pesticide Programs Regulatory 
Public Docket (OPP Docket) in the Environmental Protection Agency 
Docket Center (EPA/DC), West William Jefferson Clinton Bldg., Rm. 3334, 
1301 Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460-0001. The Public 
Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through 
Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number for the Public 
Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the telephone number for the OPP 
Docket is (703) 305-5805. Please review the visitor instructions and 
additional information about the docket available at http://www.epa.gov/dockets.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Susan Lewis, Registration Division 
(7505P), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 
1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460-0001; main telephone 
number: (703) 305-7090; email address: [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. General Information

A. Does this action apply to me?

    You may be potentially affected by this action if you are an 
agricultural producer, food manufacturer, or pesticide manufacturer. 
The following list of North American Industrial Classification System 
(NAICS) codes is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a 
guide to help readers determine whether this document applies to them. 
Potentially affected entities may include:
     Crop production (NAICS code 111).
     Animal production (NAICS code 112).
     Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311).
     Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532).

B. How can I get electronic access to other related information?

    You may access a frequently updated electronic version of EPA's 
tolerance regulations at 40 CFR part 180 through the Government 
Publishing Office's e-CFR site at http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?&c=ecfr&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/Title40/40tab_02.tpl.

C. How can I file an objection or hearing request?

    Under FFDCA section 408(g), 21 U.S.C. 346a, any person may file an 
objection to any aspect of this regulation and may also request a 
hearing on those objections. You must file your objection or request a 
hearing on this regulation in accordance with the instructions provided 
in 40 CFR part 178. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, you must identify 
docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2014-0530 in the subject line on the first 
page of your submission. All objections and requests for a hearing must 
be in writing, and must be received by the Hearing Clerk on or before 
April 14, 2015. Addresses for mail and hand delivery of objections and 
hearing requests are provided in 40 CFR 178.25(b).
    In addition to filing an objection or hearing request with the 
Hearing Clerk as described in 40 CFR part 178, please submit a copy of 
the filing (excluding any Confidential Business Information (CBI)) for 
inclusion in the public docket. Information not marked confidential 
pursuant to 40 CFR part 2 may be disclosed publicly by EPA without 
prior notice. Submit the non-CBI copy of your objection or hearing 
request, identified by docket ID number EPA-HQ-OPP-2014-0530, by one of 
the following methods:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. 
Follow the online instructions for submitting comments. Do not submit 
electronically any information you consider to be CBI or other 
information whose disclosure is restricted by statute.
     Mail: OPP Docket, Environmental Protection Agency Docket 
Center (EPA/DC), (28221T), 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 
20460-0001.
     Hand Delivery: To make special arrangements for hand 
delivery or delivery of boxed information, please follow the 
instructions at http://www.epa.gov/dockets/contacts.html.
    Additional instructions on commenting or visiting the docket, along 
with more information about dockets generally, is available at http://www.epa.gov/dockets.

II. Summary of Petitioned-For Tolerance

    In the Federal Register of December 17, 2014 (79 FR 75107) (FRL-
9918-90), EPA issued a document pursuant to

[[Page 7972]]

FFDCA section 408(d)(3), 21 U.S.C. 346a(d)(3), announcing the filing of 
a pesticide petition (PP 3F8213) by Janssen PMP, Janssen Pharmaceutica 
NV, 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Rd Titusville, NJ 08560-0200. The petition 
requested that the 40 CFR 180.518 be amended by establishing a 
tolerance for residues of the fungicide pyrimethanil in or on 
pomegranate at 5.0 parts per million (ppm). That document referenced a 
summary of the petition prepared by Janssen PMP, the registrant, which 
is available in the docket, http://www.regulations.gov. There were no 
comments received in response to the notice of filing.

III. Aggregate Risk Assessment and Determination of Safety

    Section 408(b)(2)(A)(i) of FFDCA allows EPA to establish a 
tolerance (the legal limit for a pesticide chemical residue in or on a 
food) only if EPA determines that the tolerance is ``safe.'' Section 
408(b)(2)(A)(ii) of FFDCA defines ``safe'' to mean that ``there is a 
reasonable certainty that no harm will result from aggregate exposure 
to the pesticide chemical residue, including all anticipated dietary 
exposures and all other exposures for which there is reliable 
information.'' This includes exposure through drinking water and in 
residential settings, but does not include occupational exposure. 
Section 408(b)(2)(C) of FFDCA requires EPA to give special 
consideration to exposure of infants and children to the pesticide 
chemical residue in establishing a tolerance and to ``ensure that there 
is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to infants and 
children from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical residue. . . 
.''
    Consistent with FFDCA section 408(b)(2)(D), and the factors 
specified in FFDCA section 408(b)(2)(D), EPA has reviewed the available 
scientific data and other relevant information in support of this 
action. EPA has sufficient data to assess the hazards of and to make a 
determination on aggregate exposure for pyrimethanil including exposure 
resulting from the tolerances established by this action. EPA's 
assessment of exposures and risks associated with pyrimethanil follows.

A. Toxicological Profile

    EPA has evaluated the available toxicity data and considered its 
validity, completeness, and reliability as well as the relationship of 
the results of the studies to human risk. EPA has also considered 
available information concerning the variability of the sensitivities 
of major identifiable subgroups of consumers, including infants and 
children. Pyrimethanil is of low acute lethality by the oral, dermal, 
and inhalation routes. It is a slight eye irritant, is not irritating 
to the skin, and it is not a dermal sensitizer. A single oral dose of 
1,000 milligram/kilogram (mg/kg) produced a number of acute signs of 
neurotoxicity, including ataxia, dilated pupils, and decreases in motor 
activity, hind limb grip strength, and body temperature. However, there 
was no evidence of neurotoxicity with repeated dosing in a subchronic 
neurotoxicity study in rats. The major target organs of repeated oral 
exposure were the liver, kidney, and the thyroid. These effects were 
accompanied by decreased body weight. Reproductive toxicity was not 
observed, and developmental effects (e.g., decreased fetal weight, 
retarded ossification, extra ribs) were observed only at maternally 
toxic doses. Special short-term exposure studies demonstrated increased 
liver uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl transferase (UDPGT) activity 
leading to decreases in thyroid hormones (T3, T4) and compensatory 
increases in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in adult rats.
    Thyroid adenomas were seen in rats following long-term exposure, 
and it was concluded that they were mediated via disruption of the 
thyroid/pituitary axis. There were no concerns for mutagenicity. The 
EPA has classified pyrimethanil as ``Not Likely To Be Carcinogenic To 
Humans At Doses That Do Not Alter Rat Thyroid Hormone Homeostasis.'' 
This decision was based on the following:
    1. There were treatment-related increases in thyroid follicular 
cell tumors in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats at doses which were 
considered adequate to assess carcinogenicity; however, rats are 
substantially more sensitive than humans are to the development of 
thyroid follicular cell tumors in response to thyroid hormone 
imbalance.
    2. There were no treatment-related tumors seen in male or female 
CD-1 mice at doses which were considered adequate to assess 
carcinogenicity.
    3. There is no mutagenicity concern and there is no evidence for 
thyroid carcinogenesis mediated through a mutagenic mode of action.
    4. The non-neoplastic toxicological evidence (i.e., thyroid growth, 
thyroid hormonal changes) indicated that pyrimethanil was inducing a 
disruption in the thyroid-pituitary hormonal status. The overall 
weight-of-evidence was considered sufficient to indicate that 
pyrimethanil induced thyroid follicular tumors through a non-linear, 
antithyroid mode of action.
    For these reasons, EPA determined that quantification of 
carcinogenic risk is not required and that the no observed adverse 
effect level (NOAEL) (17 mg/kg/day) established for deriving the 
chronic reference dose (cPAD) would be protective of cancer effects. 
Due to the non-linear mode of action of pyrimethanil, exposure at the 
NOAEL is not expected to alter thyroid hormone homeostasis nor result 
in thyroid tumor formation.
    Specific information on the studies received and the nature of the 
adverse effects caused by pyrimethanil as well as the no-observed-
adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) and the lowest-observed-adverse-effect-
level (LOAEL) from the toxicity studies are discussed in the final rule 
published in the Federal Register of August 1, 2012 (77 FR 45499) (FRL-
9354-7).

B. Toxicological Points of Departure/Levels of Concern

    Once a pesticide's toxicological profile is determined, EPA 
identifies toxicological points of departure (POD) and levels of 
concern to use in evaluating the risk posed by human exposure to the 
pesticide. For hazards that have a threshold below which there is no 
appreciable risk, the toxicological POD is used as the basis for 
derivation of reference values for risk assessment. PODs are developed 
based on a careful analysis of the doses in each toxicological study to 
determine the dose at which no adverse effects are observed (the NOAEL) 
and the lowest dose at which adverse effects of concern are identified 
(the LOAEL). Uncertainty/safety factors are used in conjunction with 
the POD to calculate a safe exposure level--generally referred to as a 
population-adjusted dose (PAD) or a reference dose (RfD)--and a safe 
margin of exposure (MOE). For non-threshold risks, the Agency assumes 
that any amount of exposure will lead to some degree of risk. Thus, the 
Agency estimates risk in terms of the probability of an occurrence of 
the adverse effect expected in a lifetime. For more information on the 
general principles EPA uses in risk characterization and a complete 
description of the risk assessment process, see http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/riskassess.htm.
    A summary of the toxicological endpoints for pyrimethanil used for 
human risk assessment is discussed in Unit III. B. of the final rule 
published in the Federal Register of August 1, 2012 (77 FR 45500) (FRL-
9354-7).

[[Page 7973]]

C. Exposure Assessment

    1. Dietary exposure from food and feed uses. In evaluating dietary 
exposure to pyrimethanil, EPA considered exposure under the petitioned-
for tolerances as well as all existing pyrimethanil tolerances in 40 
CFR 180.518. EPA assessed dietary exposures from pyrimethanil in food 
as follows:
    i. Acute exposure. Quantitative acute dietary exposure and risk 
assessments are performed for a food-use pesticide, if a toxicological 
study has indicated the possibility of an effect of concern occurring 
as a result of a 1-day or single exposure.
    Such effects were identified for pyrimethanil. In estimating acute 
dietary exposure, EPA used food consumption information from the United 
States Department of Agriculture (USDA) 2003-2008 National Health and 
Nutrition Examination Survey, What We Eat in America, (NHANES/WWEIA). 
As to residue levels in food, EPA assumed default processing factors 
(as necessary), empirical processing factors for orange and apple 
juice, tolerance-level residues, and 100 percent crop treated (PCT) for 
all commodities.
    ii. Chronic exposure. In conducting the chronic dietary exposure 
assessment EPA used the food consumption data from the USDA 2003-2008 
NHNES/WWEIA. As to residue levels in food, EPA assumed default 
processing factors (as necessary), empirical processing factors for 
orange and apple juice, tolerance-level residues, and 100 PCT for all 
commodities.
    iii. Cancer. Based on the data summarized in Unit III.A., EPA has 
concluded that pyrimethanil should be classified as ``Not Likely to be 
Carcinogenic to Humans at Doses That Do Not Alter Rat Thyroid Hormone 
Homeostasis''. Therefore a separate cancer exposure assessment was not 
performed.
    iv. Anticipated residue and percent crop treated (PCT) information. 
EPA did not use anticipated residue and/or PCT information in the 
dietary assessment for pyrimethanil. Tolerance-level residues and/or 
100 PCT were assumed for all food commodities.
    2. Dietary exposure from drinking water. The Agency used screening 
level water exposure models in the dietary exposure analysis and risk 
assessment for pyrimethanil in drinking water. These simulation models 
take into account data on the physical, chemical, and fate/transport 
characteristics of pyrimethanil. Further information regarding EPA 
drinking water models used in pesticide exposure assessment can be 
found at http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/index.htm.
    Based on the Pesticide Root Zone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling 
System (PRZM/EXAMS) and Screening Concentration in Ground Water (SCI-
GROW) models, the estimated drinking water concentrations (EDWCs) of 
pyrimethanil for acute exposures are estimated to be 86.5 parts per 
billion (ppb) for surface water and 4.8 ppb for ground water. For 
chronic exposures for non-cancer assessments, they are estimated to be 
29.4 ppb for surface water and 4.8 ppb for ground water. Modeled 
estimates of drinking water concentrations were directly entered into 
the dietary exposure model.
    For acute dietary risk assessment, the water concentration value of 
86.5 ppb was used to assess the contribution to drinking water.
    For chronic dietary risk assessment, the water concentration of 
value 29.4 ppb was used to assess the contribution to drinking water.
    3. From non-dietary exposure. The term ``residential exposure'' is 
used in this document to refer to non-occupational, non-dietary 
exposure (e.g., for lawn and garden pest control, indoor pest control, 
termiticides, and flea and tick control on pets).
    Pyrimethanil is not registered for any specific use patterns that 
would result in residential exposure.
    4. Cumulative effects from substances with a common mechanism of 
toxicity. Section 408(b)(2)(D)(v) of FFDCA requires that, when 
considering whether to establish, modify, or revoke a tolerance, the 
Agency consider ``available information'' concerning the cumulative 
effects of a particular pesticide's residues and ``other substances 
that have a common mechanism of toxicity.''
    EPA has not found pyrimethanil to share a common mechanism of 
toxicity with any other substances, and pyrimethanil does not appear to 
produce a toxic metabolite produced by other substances. For the 
purposes of this tolerance action, therefore, EPA has assumed that 
pyrimethanil does not have a common mechanism of toxicity with other 
substances. For information regarding EPA's efforts to determine which 
chemicals have a common mechanism of toxicity and to evaluate the 
cumulative effects of such chemicals, see EPA's Web site at http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/cumulative.

D. Safety Factor for Infants and Children

    1. In general. Section 408(b)(2)(C) of FFDCA provides that EPA 
shall apply an additional tenfold (10X) margin of safety for infants 
and children in the case of threshold effects to account for prenatal 
and postnatal toxicity and the completeness of the database on toxicity 
and exposure unless EPA determines based on reliable data that a 
different margin of safety will be safe for infants and children. This 
additional margin of safety is commonly referred to as the Food Quality 
Protection Act Safety Factor (FQPA SF). In applying this provision, EPA 
either retains the default value of 10X, or uses a different additional 
safety factor when reliable data available to EPA support the choice of 
a different factor.
    2. Prenatal and postnatal sensitivity. The prenatal and postnatal 
toxicology database for pyrimethanil includes rat and rabbit 
developmental toxicity studies and a 2-generation reproduction toxicity 
study in rats. As discussed in Unit III.A., there was no evidence of 
increased quantitative or qualitative susceptibility of fetuses or 
offspring following exposure to pyrimethanil in these studies.
    3. Conclusion. EPA has determined that reliable data show the 
safety of infants and children would be adequately protected if the 
FQPA SF were reduced to 1X. That decision is based on the following 
findings:
    i. The toxicity database for pyrimethanil is complete.
    ii. Although there is evidence of neurotoxicity in the acute 
neurotoxicity study, concern is low since effects were only seen at the 
limit dose, effects are well-characterized with clearly established 
NOAEL/LOAEL values, and the selected endpoints are protective for the 
observed effects. The thyroid has been shown to be one of the target 
organs in adult animals for pyrimethanil-induced toxicity thus raising 
a potential concern for thyroid toxicity in the young. EPA, however 
concluded that there is no concern for thyroid toxicity in the young 
based on the following weight of evidence considerations: The effects 
seen on the thyroid and the liver database, while treatment-related, 
are not severe in nature; and in each of the studies that show an 
effect on thyroid hormone levels, as well as in all studies chosen for 
PODs selection, there is a wide dose spread (~10-fold difference 
between NOELs and LOAELs) which provides a measure of protection for 
any potential effects linked to decreased thyroid hormone levels in 
offspring.
    iii. There is no evidence that pyrimethanil results in increased 
susceptibility in in utero rats or rabbits in the prenatal 
developmental studies or

[[Page 7974]]

in young rats in the 2-generation reproduction study.
    iv. The exposure databases are sufficient to determine the nature/
magnitude of the residue in food and dietary analyses are unlikely to 
underestimate risk of exposure from pyrimethanil.

E. Aggregate Risks and Determination of Safety

    EPA determines whether acute and chronic dietary pesticide 
exposures are safe by comparing aggregate exposure estimates to the 
acute PAD (aPAD) and chronic PAD (cPAD). For linear cancer risks, EPA 
calculates the lifetime probability of acquiring cancer given the 
estimated aggregate exposure. Short-, intermediate-, and chronic-term 
risks are evaluated by comparing the estimated aggregate food, water, 
and residential exposure to the appropriate PODs to ensure that an 
adequate MOE exists.
    1. Acute risk. Using the exposure assumptions discussed in this 
unit for acute exposure, the acute dietary exposure from food and water 
to pyrimethanil will occupy 38% of the aPAD for children 1-2 years old, 
the population group receiving the greatest exposure.
    2. Chronic risk. Using the exposure assumptions described in this 
unit for chronic exposure, EPA has concluded that chronic exposure to 
pyrimethanil from food and water will utilize 78% of the cPAD for 
children 1-2 years old, the population group receiving the greatest 
exposure. There are no residential uses for pyrimethanil.
    3. Short-term risk. Short-term and intermediate-term aggregate 
exposure takes into account short-and intermediate-term residential 
exposure plus chronic exposure to food and water (considered to be a 
background exposure level). A short- and intermediate-term adverse 
effect was identified; however, pyrimethanil is not registered for any 
use patterns that would result in short-and/or intermediate-term 
residential exposure. Short-and intermediate-term risk is assessed 
based on short-and intermediate-term residential exposure plus chronic 
dietary exposure. Because there is no short-and intermediate-term 
residential exposure and chronic dietary exposure has already been 
assessed under the appropriately protective cPAD (which is at least as 
protective as the POD used to assess short-term risk), no further 
assessment of short-and intermediate-term risk is necessary, and EPA 
relies on the chronic dietary risk assessment for evaluating short-and 
intermediate-term risk for pyrimethanil.
    4. Aggregate cancer risk for U.S. population. The Agency determined 
that the thyroid tumors seen in rat studies arise through a non-linear 
mode of action and the NOAEL (17 mg/kg/day) established for deriving 
the cRfD is not expected to alter thyroid hormone homeostasis nor 
result in thyroid tumor formation. Thus, the chronic risk assessment 
addresses any cancer risk. Based on the results of chronic risk 
assessment, EPA concludes that aggregate exposure to pyrimethanil will 
not cause a cancer risk.
    5. Determination of safety. Based on these risk assessments, EPA 
concludes that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result 
to the general population, or to infants and children from aggregate 
exposure to pyrimethanil residues.

IV. Other Considerations

A. Analytical Enforcement Methodology

    Adequate enforcement methodology (high-performance liquid 
chromatography (HPLC)) is available to enforce the tolerance 
expression. The method may be requested from: Chief, Analytical 
Chemistry Branch, Environmental Science Center, 701 Mapes Rd., Ft. 
Meade, MD 20755-5350; telephone number: (410) 305-2905; email address: 
[email protected].

B. International Residue Limits

    In making its tolerance decisions, EPA seeks to harmonize U.S. 
tolerances with international standards whenever possible, consistent 
with U.S. food safety standards and agricultural practices. EPA 
considers the international maximum residue limits (MRLs) established 
by the Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex), as required by FFDCA 
section 408(b)(4). The Codex Alimentarius is a joint United Nations 
Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization food 
standards program, and it is recognized as an international food safety 
standards-setting organization in trade agreements to which the United 
States is a party. EPA may establish a tolerance that is different from 
a Codex MRL; however, FFDCA section 408(b)(4) requires that EPA explain 
the reasons for departing from the Codex level.
    The Codex has not established a MRL for pyrimethanil in or on 
pomegranate.

V. Conclusion

    Therefore, a tolerance is established for residues of pyrimethanil, 
in or on pomegranate at 5.0 ppm.

VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    This action establishes a tolerance under FFDCA section 408(d) in 
response to a petition submitted to the Agency. The Office of 
Management and Budget (OMB) has exempted these types of actions from 
review under Executive Order 12866, entitled ``Regulatory Planning and 
Review'' (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993). Because this action has been 
exempted from review under Executive Order 12866, this action is not 
subject to Executive Order 13211, entitled ``Actions Concerning 
Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or 
Use'' (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001) or Executive Order 13045, entitled 
``Protection of Children from Environmental Health Risks and Safety 
Risks'' (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997). This action does not contain any 
information collections subject to OMB approval under the Paperwork 
Reduction Act (PRA) (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), nor does it require any 
special considerations under Executive Order 12898, entitled ``Federal 
Actions to Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and 
Low-Income Populations'' (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
    Since tolerances and exemptions that are established on the basis 
of a petition under FFDCA section 408(d), such as the tolerance in this 
final rule, do not require the issuance of a proposed rule, the 
requirements of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601 et 
seq.), do not apply.
    This action directly regulates growers, food processors, food 
handlers, and food retailers, not States or tribes, nor does this 
action alter the relationships or distribution of power and 
responsibilities established by Congress in the preemption provisions 
of FFDCA section 408(n)(4). As such, the Agency has determined that 
this action will not have a substantial direct effect on States or 
tribal governments, on the relationship between the national government 
and the States or tribal governments, or on the distribution of power 
and responsibilities among the various levels of government or between 
the Federal Government and Indian tribes. Thus, the Agency has 
determined that Executive Order 13132, entitled ``Federalism'' (64 FR 
43255, August 10, 1999) and Executive Order 13175, entitled 
``Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments'' (65 FR 
67249, November 9, 2000) do not apply to this action. In addition, this 
action does not impose any enforceable duty or contain any unfunded 
mandate as

[[Page 7975]]

described under Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) (2 
U.S.C. 1501 et seq.).
    This action does not involve any technical standards that would 
require Agency consideration of voluntary consensus standards pursuant 
to section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement 
Act (NTTAA) (15 U.S.C. 272 note).

VII. Congressional Review Act

    Pursuant to the Congressional Review Act (5 U.S.C. 801 et seq.), 
EPA will submit a report containing this rule and other required 
information to the U.S. Senate, the U.S. House of Representatives, and 
the Comptroller General of the United States prior to publication of 
the rule in the Federal Register. This action is not a ``major rule'' 
as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180

    Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, 
Agricultural commodities, Pesticides and pests, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements.

    Dated: February 6, 2015.
Daniel J. Rosenblatt,
Director, Registration Division, Office of Pesticide Programs.
    Therefore, 40 CFR chapter I is amended as follows:

PART 180--AMENDED

0
1. The authority citation for part 180 continues to read as follows:

    Authority:  21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346a and 371.


0
2. In Sec.  180.518, alphabetically add the commodity ``Pomegranate'' 
to the table in paragraph (a)(1) to read as follows:


Sec.  180.518  Pyrimethanil; tolerance for residues.

    (a) * * *
    (1) * * *

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                               Parts per
                          Commodity                             million
------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
                                * * * * *
Pomegranate.................................................         5.0
 
                                * * * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *
[FR Doc. 2015-02949 Filed 2-12-15; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P



                                                                     Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 30 / Friday, February 13, 2015 / Rules and Regulations                                                                 7971

                                                                                                            WEST VIRGINIA—1997 ANNUAL PM2.5 NAAQS
                                                                                                                                  [Primary and secondary]

                                                                                                                                                                      Designation a                      Classification
                                                                                        Designated Area
                                                                                                                                                                  Date 1           Type              Date 2               Type


                                                      *                       *                                 *                                 *                        *                     *                    *
                                             Martinsburg, WV-Hagerstown, MD:
                                                 Berkeley County ..........................................................................................        11/25/14    Attainment.

                                                          *                            *                             *                            *                        *                     *                    *
                                                 a Includes Indian Country located in each county or area, except as otherwise specified.
                                                 1 This date is 90 days after January 5, 2005, unless otherwise noted.
                                                 2 This date is July 2, 2014, unless otherwise noted.




                                             *       *        *        *        *                                 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:                              proper receipt by EPA, you must
                                             [FR Doc. 2015–02851 Filed 2–12–15; 8:45 am]                          Susan Lewis, Registration Division                            identify docket ID number EPA–HQ–
                                             BILLING CODE 6560–50–P                                               (7505P), Office of Pesticide Programs,                        OPP–2014–0530 in the subject line on
                                                                                                                  Environmental Protection Agency, 1200                         the first page of your submission. All
                                                                                                                  Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington,                            objections and requests for a hearing
                                             ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION                                             DC 20460–0001; main telephone                                 must be in writing, and must be
                                             AGENCY                                                               number: (703) 305–7090; email address:                        received by the Hearing Clerk on or
                                                                                                                  RDFRNotices@epa.gov.                                          before April 14, 2015. Addresses for
                                             40 CFR Part 180                                                                                                                    mail and hand delivery of objections
                                                                                                                  SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
                                                                                                                                                                                and hearing requests are provided in 40
                                             [EPA–HQ–OPP–2014–0530; FRL–9922–07]                                  I. General Information                                        CFR 178.25(b).
                                                                                                                  A. Does this action apply to me?                                In addition to filing an objection or
                                             Pyrimethanil; Pesticide Tolerances                                                                                                 hearing request with the Hearing Clerk
                                             AGENCY:  Environmental Protection                                       You may be potentially affected by                         as described in 40 CFR part 178, please
                                             Agency (EPA).                                                        this action if you are an agricultural                        submit a copy of the filing (excluding
                                                                                                                  producer, food manufacturer, or                               any Confidential Business Information
                                             ACTION: Final rule.                                                  pesticide manufacturer. The following                         (CBI)) for inclusion in the public docket.
                                             SUMMARY:   This regulation establishes a                             list of North American Industrial                             Information not marked confidential
                                             tolerance for residues of pyrimethanil in                            Classification System (NAICS) codes is                        pursuant to 40 CFR part 2 may be
                                             or on pomegranate at 5.0 parts per                                   not intended to be exhaustive, but rather                     disclosed publicly by EPA without prior
                                             million (ppm). Janssen PMP requested                                 provides a guide to help readers                              notice. Submit the non-CBI copy of your
                                             these tolerances under the Federal Food,                             determine whether this document                               objection or hearing request, identified
                                             Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA).                                      applies to them. Potentially affected                         by docket ID number EPA–HQ–OPP–
                                                                                                                  entities may include:                                         2014–0530, by one of the following
                                             DATES: This regulation is effective
                                                                                                                     • Crop production (NAICS code 111).                        methods:
                                             February 13, 2015. Objections and                                       • Animal production (NAICS code
                                             requests for hearings must be received                                                                                               • Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://
                                                                                                                  112).                                                         www.regulations.gov. Follow the online
                                             on or before April 14, 2015, and must                                   • Food manufacturing (NAICS code
                                             be filed in accordance with the                                                                                                    instructions for submitting comments.
                                                                                                                  311).                                                         Do not submit electronically any
                                             instructions provided in 40 CFR part                                    • Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS
                                             178 (see also Unit I.C. of the                                                                                                     information you consider to be CBI or
                                                                                                                  code 32532).                                                  other information whose disclosure is
                                             SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION).
                                                                                                                  B. How can I get electronic access to                         restricted by statute.
                                             ADDRESSES: The docket for this action,                                                                                               • Mail: OPP Docket, Environmental
                                             identified by docket identification (ID)                             other related information?
                                                                                                                                                                                Protection Agency Docket Center (EPA/
                                             number EPA–HQ–OPP–2014–0530, is                                        You may access a frequently updated                         DC), (28221T), 1200 Pennsylvania Ave.
                                             available at http://www.regulations.gov                              electronic version of EPA’s tolerance                         NW., Washington, DC 20460–0001.
                                             or at the Office of Pesticide Programs                               regulations at 40 CFR part 180 through                          • Hand Delivery: To make special
                                             Regulatory Public Docket (OPP Docket)                                the Government Publishing Office’s e-                         arrangements for hand delivery or
                                             in the Environmental Protection Agency                               CFR site at http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/                      delivery of boxed information, please
                                             Docket Center (EPA/DC), West William                                 text-idx?&c=ecfr&tpl=/ecfrbrowse/                             follow the instructions at http://
                                             Jefferson Clinton Bldg., Rm. 3334, 1301                              Title40/40tab_02.tpl.                                         www.epa.gov/dockets/contacts.html.
                                             Constitution Ave. NW., Washington, DC                                                                                                Additional instructions on
                                             20460–0001. The Public Reading Room                                  C. How can I file an objection or hearing
                                                                                                                  request?                                                      commenting or visiting the docket,
                                             is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m.,                                                                                               along with more information about
                                             Monday through Friday, excluding legal                                 Under FFDCA section 408(g), 21                              dockets generally, is available at
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                                             holidays. The telephone number for the                               U.S.C. 346a, any person may file an                           http://www.epa.gov/dockets.
                                             Public Reading Room is (202) 566–1744,                               objection to any aspect of this regulation
                                             and the telephone number for the OPP                                 and may also request a hearing on those                       II. Summary of Petitioned-For
                                             Docket is (703) 305–5805. Please review                              objections. You must file your objection                      Tolerance
                                             the visitor instructions and additional                              or request a hearing on this regulation                          In the Federal Register of December
                                             information about the docket available                               in accordance with the instructions                           17, 2014 (79 FR 75107) (FRL–9918–90),
                                             at http://www.epa.gov/dockets.                                       provided in 40 CFR part 178. To ensure                        EPA issued a document pursuant to


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                                             7972              Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 30 / Friday, February 13, 2015 / Rules and Regulations

                                             FFDCA section 408(d)(3), 21 U.S.C.                      infants and children. Pyrimethanil is of                 For these reasons, EPA determined
                                             346a(d)(3), announcing the filing of a                  low acute lethality by the oral, dermal,              that quantification of carcinogenic risk
                                             pesticide petition (PP 3F8213) by                       and inhalation routes. It is a slight eye             is not required and that the no observed
                                             Janssen PMP, Janssen Pharmaceutica                      irritant, is not irritating to the skin, and          adverse effect level (NOAEL) (17 mg/kg/
                                             NV, 1125 Trenton-Harbourton Rd                          it is not a dermal sensitizer. A single               day) established for deriving the chronic
                                             Titusville, NJ 08560–0200. The petition                 oral dose of 1,000 milligram/kilogram                 reference dose (cPAD) would be
                                             requested that the 40 CFR 180.518 be                    (mg/kg) produced a number of acute                    protective of cancer effects. Due to the
                                             amended by establishing a tolerance for                 signs of neurotoxicity, including ataxia,             non-linear mode of action of
                                             residues of the fungicide pyrimethanil                  dilated pupils, and decreases in motor                pyrimethanil, exposure at the NOAEL is
                                             in or on pomegranate at 5.0 parts per                   activity, hind limb grip strength, and                not expected to alter thyroid hormone
                                             million (ppm). That document                            body temperature. However, there was                  homeostasis nor result in thyroid tumor
                                             referenced a summary of the petition                    no evidence of neurotoxicity with                     formation.
                                             prepared by Janssen PMP, the registrant,                repeated dosing in a subchronic
                                             which is available in the docket,                       neurotoxicity study in rats. The major                   Specific information on the studies
                                             http://www.regulations.gov. There were                  target organs of repeated oral exposure               received and the nature of the adverse
                                             no comments received in response to                     were the liver, kidney, and the thyroid.              effects caused by pyrimethanil as well
                                             the notice of filing.                                   These effects were accompanied by                     as the no-observed-adverse-effect-level
                                                                                                     decreased body weight. Reproductive                   (NOAEL) and the lowest-observed-
                                             III. Aggregate Risk Assessment and                                                                            adverse-effect-level (LOAEL) from the
                                                                                                     toxicity was not observed, and
                                             Determination of Safety                                                                                       toxicity studies are discussed in the
                                                                                                     developmental effects (e.g., decreased
                                                Section 408(b)(2)(A)(i) of FFDCA                     fetal weight, retarded ossification, extra            final rule published in the Federal
                                             allows EPA to establish a tolerance (the                ribs) were observed only at maternally                Register of August 1, 2012 (77 FR
                                             legal limit for a pesticide chemical                    toxic doses. Special short-term exposure              45499) (FRL–9354–7).
                                             residue in or on a food) only if EPA                    studies demonstrated increased liver
                                             determines that the tolerance is ‘‘safe.’’              uridine diphosphate glucuronosyl                      B. Toxicological Points of Departure/
                                             Section 408(b)(2)(A)(ii) of FFDCA                       transferase (UDPGT) activity leading to               Levels of Concern
                                             defines ‘‘safe’’ to mean that ‘‘there is a              decreases in thyroid hormones (T3, T4)                   Once a pesticide’s toxicological
                                             reasonable certainty that no harm will                  and compensatory increases in thyroid-
                                             result from aggregate exposure to the                                                                         profile is determined, EPA identifies
                                                                                                     stimulating hormone (TSH) in adult                    toxicological points of departure (POD)
                                             pesticide chemical residue, including                   rats.
                                             all anticipated dietary exposures and all                                                                     and levels of concern to use in
                                                                                                        Thyroid adenomas were seen in rats
                                             other exposures for which there is                                                                            evaluating the risk posed by human
                                                                                                     following long-term exposure, and it
                                             reliable information.’’ This includes                   was concluded that they were mediated                 exposure to the pesticide. For hazards
                                             exposure through drinking water and in                  via disruption of the thyroid/pituitary               that have a threshold below which there
                                             residential settings, but does not include              axis. There were no concerns for                      is no appreciable risk, the toxicological
                                             occupational exposure. Section                          mutagenicity. The EPA has classified                  POD is used as the basis for derivation
                                             408(b)(2)(C) of FFDCA requires EPA to                   pyrimethanil as ‘‘Not Likely To Be                    of reference values for risk assessment.
                                             give special consideration to exposure                  Carcinogenic To Humans At Doses That                  PODs are developed based on a careful
                                             of infants and children to the pesticide                Do Not Alter Rat Thyroid Hormone                      analysis of the doses in each
                                             chemical residue in establishing a                      Homeostasis.’’ This decision was based                toxicological study to determine the
                                             tolerance and to ‘‘ensure that there is a               on the following:                                     dose at which no adverse effects are
                                             reasonable certainty that no harm will                     1. There were treatment-related                    observed (the NOAEL) and the lowest
                                             result to infants and children from                     increases in thyroid follicular cell                  dose at which adverse effects of concern
                                             aggregate exposure to the pesticide                     tumors in male and female Sprague-                    are identified (the LOAEL). Uncertainty/
                                             chemical residue. . . .’’                               Dawley rats at doses which were                       safety factors are used in conjunction
                                                Consistent with FFDCA section                        considered adequate to assess                         with the POD to calculate a safe
                                             408(b)(2)(D), and the factors specified in              carcinogenicity; however, rats are                    exposure level—generally referred to as
                                             FFDCA section 408(b)(2)(D), EPA has                     substantially more sensitive than                     a population-adjusted dose (PAD) or a
                                             reviewed the available scientific data                  humans are to the development of                      reference dose (RfD)—and a safe margin
                                             and other relevant information in                       thyroid follicular cell tumors in                     of exposure (MOE). For non-threshold
                                             support of this action. EPA has                         response to thyroid hormone imbalance.                risks, the Agency assumes that any
                                             sufficient data to assess the hazards of                   2. There were no treatment-related                 amount of exposure will lead to some
                                             and to make a determination on                          tumors seen in male or female CD–1                    degree of risk. Thus, the Agency
                                             aggregate exposure for pyrimethanil                     mice at doses which were considered                   estimates risk in terms of the probability
                                             including exposure resulting from the                   adequate to assess carcinogenicity.                   of an occurrence of the adverse effect
                                             tolerances established by this action.                     3. There is no mutagenicity concern                expected in a lifetime. For more
                                             EPA’s assessment of exposures and risks                 and there is no evidence for thyroid                  information on the general principles
                                             associated with pyrimethanil follows.                   carcinogenesis mediated through a                     EPA uses in risk characterization and a
                                                                                                     mutagenic mode of action.                             complete description of the risk
                                             A. Toxicological Profile                                   4. The non-neoplastic toxicological
                                                                                                                                                           assessment process, see http://
                                               EPA has evaluated the available                       evidence (i.e., thyroid growth, thyroid
                                                                                                                                                           www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/
                                             toxicity data and considered its validity,              hormonal changes) indicated that
                                                                                                                                                           riskassess.htm.
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                                             completeness, and reliability as well as                pyrimethanil was inducing a disruption
                                             the relationship of the results of the                  in the thyroid-pituitary hormonal status.                A summary of the toxicological
                                             studies to human risk. EPA has also                     The overall weight-of-evidence was                    endpoints for pyrimethanil used for
                                             considered available information                        considered sufficient to indicate that                human risk assessment is discussed in
                                             concerning the variability of the                       pyrimethanil induced thyroid follicular               Unit III. B. of the final rule published in
                                             sensitivities of major identifiable                     tumors through a non-linear, antithyroid              the Federal Register of August 1, 2012
                                             subgroups of consumers, including                       mode of action.                                       (77 FR 45500) (FRL–9354–7).


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                                                               Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 30 / Friday, February 13, 2015 / Rules and Regulations                                          7973

                                             C. Exposure Assessment                                  can be found at http://www.epa.gov/                   an additional tenfold (10X) margin of
                                                1. Dietary exposure from food and                    oppefed1/models/water/index.htm.                      safety for infants and children in the
                                                                                                        Based on the Pesticide Root Zone                   case of threshold effects to account for
                                             feed uses. In evaluating dietary
                                                                                                     Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling                      prenatal and postnatal toxicity and the
                                             exposure to pyrimethanil, EPA
                                                                                                     System (PRZM/EXAMS) and Screening                     completeness of the database on toxicity
                                             considered exposure under the
                                                                                                     Concentration in Ground Water (SCI–                   and exposure unless EPA determines
                                             petitioned-for tolerances as well as all
                                                                                                     GROW) models, the estimated drinking                  based on reliable data that a different
                                             existing pyrimethanil tolerances in 40
                                                                                                     water concentrations (EDWCs) of                       margin of safety will be safe for infants
                                             CFR 180.518. EPA assessed dietary
                                                                                                     pyrimethanil for acute exposures are                  and children. This additional margin of
                                             exposures from pyrimethanil in food as
                                                                                                     estimated to be 86.5 parts per billion                safety is commonly referred to as the
                                             follows:
                                                                                                     (ppb) for surface water and 4.8 ppb for               Food Quality Protection Act Safety
                                                i. Acute exposure. Quantitative acute
                                                                                                     ground water. For chronic exposures for               Factor (FQPA SF). In applying this
                                             dietary exposure and risk assessments
                                                                                                     non-cancer assessments, they are                      provision, EPA either retains the default
                                             are performed for a food-use pesticide,
                                                                                                     estimated to be 29.4 ppb for surface                  value of 10X, or uses a different
                                             if a toxicological study has indicated the
                                                                                                     water and 4.8 ppb for ground water.                   additional safety factor when reliable
                                             possibility of an effect of concern
                                                                                                     Modeled estimates of drinking water                   data available to EPA support the choice
                                             occurring as a result of a 1-day or single
                                                                                                     concentrations were directly entered                  of a different factor.
                                             exposure.
                                                Such effects were identified for                     into the dietary exposure model.                         2. Prenatal and postnatal sensitivity.
                                                                                                        For acute dietary risk assessment, the             The prenatal and postnatal toxicology
                                             pyrimethanil. In estimating acute
                                                                                                     water concentration value of 86.5 ppb                 database for pyrimethanil includes rat
                                             dietary exposure, EPA used food
                                                                                                     was used to assess the contribution to                and rabbit developmental toxicity
                                             consumption information from the
                                                                                                     drinking water.                                       studies and a 2-generation reproduction
                                             United States Department of Agriculture                    For chronic dietary risk assessment,
                                             (USDA) 2003–2008 National Health and                                                                          toxicity study in rats. As discussed in
                                                                                                     the water concentration of value 29.4                 Unit III.A., there was no evidence of
                                             Nutrition Examination Survey, What We                   ppb was used to assess the contribution
                                             Eat in America, (NHANES/WWEIA). As                                                                            increased quantitative or qualitative
                                                                                                     to drinking water.                                    susceptibility of fetuses or offspring
                                             to residue levels in food, EPA assumed                     3. From non-dietary exposure. The
                                             default processing factors (as necessary),                                                                    following exposure to pyrimethanil in
                                                                                                     term ‘‘residential exposure’’ is used in              these studies.
                                             empirical processing factors for orange                 this document to refer to non-
                                             and apple juice, tolerance-level                                                                                 3. Conclusion. EPA has determined
                                                                                                     occupational, non-dietary exposure                    that reliable data show the safety of
                                             residues, and 100 percent crop treated                  (e.g., for lawn and garden pest control,
                                             (PCT) for all commodities.                                                                                    infants and children would be
                                                                                                     indoor pest control, termiticides, and                adequately protected if the FQPA SF
                                                ii. Chronic exposure. In conducting                  flea and tick control on pets).
                                             the chronic dietary exposure assessment                                                                       were reduced to 1X. That decision is
                                                                                                        Pyrimethanil is not registered for any
                                             EPA used the food consumption data                                                                            based on the following findings:
                                                                                                     specific use patterns that would result
                                             from the USDA 2003–2008 NHNES/                          in residential exposure.                                 i. The toxicity database for
                                             WWEIA. As to residue levels in food,                       4. Cumulative effects from substances              pyrimethanil is complete.
                                             EPA assumed default processing factors                  with a common mechanism of toxicity.                     ii. Although there is evidence of
                                             (as necessary), empirical processing                    Section 408(b)(2)(D)(v) of FFDCA                      neurotoxicity in the acute neurotoxicity
                                             factors for orange and apple juice,                     requires that, when considering whether               study, concern is low since effects were
                                             tolerance-level residues, and 100 PCT                   to establish, modify, or revoke a                     only seen at the limit dose, effects are
                                             for all commodities.                                    tolerance, the Agency consider                        well-characterized with clearly
                                                iii. Cancer. Based on the data                       ‘‘available information’’ concerning the              established NOAEL/LOAEL values, and
                                             summarized in Unit III.A., EPA has                      cumulative effects of a particular                    the selected endpoints are protective for
                                             concluded that pyrimethanil should be                   pesticide’s residues and ‘‘other                      the observed effects. The thyroid has
                                             classified as ‘‘Not Likely to be                        substances that have a common                         been shown to be one of the target
                                             Carcinogenic to Humans at Doses That                    mechanism of toxicity.’’                              organs in adult animals for
                                             Do Not Alter Rat Thyroid Hormone                           EPA has not found pyrimethanil to                  pyrimethanil-induced toxicity thus
                                             Homeostasis’’. Therefore a separate                     share a common mechanism of toxicity                  raising a potential concern for thyroid
                                             cancer exposure assessment was not                      with any other substances, and                        toxicity in the young. EPA, however
                                             performed.                                              pyrimethanil does not appear to                       concluded that there is no concern for
                                                iv. Anticipated residue and percent                  produce a toxic metabolite produced by                thyroid toxicity in the young based on
                                             crop treated (PCT) information. EPA did                 other substances. For the purposes of                 the following weight of evidence
                                             not use anticipated residue and/or PCT                  this tolerance action, therefore, EPA has             considerations: The effects seen on the
                                             information in the dietary assessment                   assumed that pyrimethanil does not                    thyroid and the liver database, while
                                             for pyrimethanil. Tolerance-level                       have a common mechanism of toxicity                   treatment-related, are not severe in
                                             residues and/or 100 PCT were assumed                    with other substances. For information                nature; and in each of the studies that
                                             for all food commodities.                               regarding EPA’s efforts to determine                  show an effect on thyroid hormone
                                                2. Dietary exposure from drinking                    which chemicals have a common                         levels, as well as in all studies chosen
                                             water. The Agency used screening level                  mechanism of toxicity and to evaluate                 for PODs selection, there is a wide dose
                                             water exposure models in the dietary                    the cumulative effects of such                        spread (∼10-fold difference between
                                             exposure analysis and risk assessment                   chemicals, see EPA’s Web site at                      NOELs and LOAELs) which provides a
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                                             for pyrimethanil in drinking water.                     http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/                        measure of protection for any potential
                                             These simulation models take into                       cumulative.                                           effects linked to decreased thyroid
                                             account data on the physical, chemical,                                                                       hormone levels in offspring.
                                             and fate/transport characteristics of                   D. Safety Factor for Infants and                         iii. There is no evidence that
                                             pyrimethanil. Further information                       Children                                              pyrimethanil results in increased
                                             regarding EPA drinking water models                       1. In general. Section 408(b)(2)(C) of              susceptibility in in utero rats or rabbits
                                             used in pesticide exposure assessment                   FFDCA provides that EPA shall apply                   in the prenatal developmental studies or


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                                             7974              Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 30 / Friday, February 13, 2015 / Rules and Regulations

                                             in young rats in the 2-generation                         4. Aggregate cancer risk for U.S.                   VI. Statutory and Executive Order
                                             reproduction study.                                     population. The Agency determined                     Reviews
                                               iv. The exposure databases are                        that the thyroid tumors seen in rat                      This action establishes a tolerance
                                             sufficient to determine the nature/                     studies arise through a non-linear mode               under FFDCA section 408(d) in
                                             magnitude of the residue in food and                    of action and the NOAEL (17 mg/kg/                    response to a petition submitted to the
                                             dietary analyses are unlikely to                        day) established for deriving the cRfD is             Agency. The Office of Management and
                                             underestimate risk of exposure from                     not expected to alter thyroid hormone                 Budget (OMB) has exempted these types
                                             pyrimethanil.                                           homeostasis nor result in thyroid tumor               of actions from review under Executive
                                             E. Aggregate Risks and Determination of                 formation. Thus, the chronic risk                     Order 12866, entitled ‘‘Regulatory
                                             Safety                                                  assessment addresses any cancer risk.                 Planning and Review’’ (58 FR 51735,
                                                                                                     Based on the results of chronic risk                  October 4, 1993). Because this action
                                                EPA determines whether acute and                     assessment, EPA concludes that
                                             chronic dietary pesticide exposures are                                                                       has been exempted from review under
                                                                                                     aggregate exposure to pyrimethanil will               Executive Order 12866, this action is
                                             safe by comparing aggregate exposure                    not cause a cancer risk.
                                             estimates to the acute PAD (aPAD) and                                                                         not subject to Executive Order 13211,
                                             chronic PAD (cPAD). For linear cancer                     5. Determination of safety. Based on                entitled ‘‘Actions Concerning
                                             risks, EPA calculates the lifetime                      these risk assessments, EPA concludes                 Regulations That Significantly Affect
                                             probability of acquiring cancer given the               that there is a reasonable certainty that             Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use’’ (66
                                             estimated aggregate exposure. Short-,                   no harm will result to the general                    FR 28355, May 22, 2001) or Executive
                                             intermediate-, and chronic-term risks                   population, or to infants and children                Order 13045, entitled ‘‘Protection of
                                             are evaluated by comparing the                          from aggregate exposure to pyrimethanil               Children from Environmental Health
                                             estimated aggregate food, water, and                    residues.                                             Risks and Safety Risks’’ (62 FR 19885,
                                             residential exposure to the appropriate                 IV. Other Considerations                              April 23, 1997). This action does not
                                             PODs to ensure that an adequate MOE                                                                           contain any information collections
                                             exists.                                                 A. Analytical Enforcement Methodology                 subject to OMB approval under the
                                                1. Acute risk. Using the exposure                                                                          Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) (44
                                                                                                        Adequate enforcement methodology
                                             assumptions discussed in this unit for                                                                        U.S.C. 3501 et seq.), nor does it require
                                                                                                     (high-performance liquid
                                             acute exposure, the acute dietary                                                                             any special considerations under
                                                                                                     chromatography (HPLC)) is available to
                                             exposure from food and water to                                                                               Executive Order 12898, entitled
                                                                                                     enforce the tolerance expression. The
                                             pyrimethanil will occupy 38% of the                                                                           ‘‘Federal Actions to Address
                                                                                                     method may be requested from: Chief,
                                             aPAD for children 1–2 years old, the                                                                          Environmental Justice in Minority
                                                                                                     Analytical Chemistry Branch,
                                             population group receiving the greatest                                                                       Populations and Low-Income
                                                                                                     Environmental Science Center, 701
                                             exposure.                                                                                                     Populations’’ (59 FR 7629, February 16,
                                                                                                     Mapes Rd., Ft. Meade, MD 20755–5350;
                                                2. Chronic risk. Using the exposure                                                                        1994).
                                                                                                     telephone number: (410) 305–2905;
                                             assumptions described in this unit for                                                                           Since tolerances and exemptions that
                                                                                                     email address: residuemethods@
                                             chronic exposure, EPA has concluded                                                                           are established on the basis of a petition
                                                                                                     epa.gov.
                                             that chronic exposure to pyrimethanil                                                                         under FFDCA section 408(d), such as
                                             from food and water will utilize 78% of                 B. International Residue Limits                       the tolerance in this final rule, do not
                                             the cPAD for children 1–2 years old, the                                                                      require the issuance of a proposed rule,
                                             population group receiving the greatest                   In making its tolerance decisions, EPA              the requirements of the Regulatory
                                             exposure. There are no residential uses                 seeks to harmonize U.S. tolerances with               Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601 et
                                             for pyrimethanil.                                       international standards whenever                      seq.), do not apply.
                                                3. Short-term risk. Short-term and                   possible, consistent with U.S. food                      This action directly regulates growers,
                                             intermediate-term aggregate exposure                    safety standards and agricultural                     food processors, food handlers, and food
                                             takes into account short-and                            practices. EPA considers the                          retailers, not States or tribes, nor does
                                             intermediate-term residential exposure                  international maximum residue limits                  this action alter the relationships or
                                             plus chronic exposure to food and water                 (MRLs) established by the Codex                       distribution of power and
                                             (considered to be a background                          Alimentarius Commission (Codex), as                   responsibilities established by Congress
                                             exposure level). A short- and                           required by FFDCA section 408(b)(4).                  in the preemption provisions of FFDCA
                                             intermediate-term adverse effect was                    The Codex Alimentarius is a joint                     section 408(n)(4). As such, the Agency
                                             identified; however, pyrimethanil is not                United Nations Food and Agriculture                   has determined that this action will not
                                             registered for any use patterns that                    Organization/World Health                             have a substantial direct effect on States
                                             would result in short-and/or                            Organization food standards program,                  or tribal governments, on the
                                             intermediate-term residential exposure.                 and it is recognized as an international              relationship between the national
                                             Short-and intermediate-term risk is                     food safety standards-setting                         government and the States or tribal
                                             assessed based on short-and                             organization in trade agreements to                   governments, or on the distribution of
                                             intermediate-term residential exposure                  which the United States is a party. EPA               power and responsibilities among the
                                             plus chronic dietary exposure. Because                  may establish a tolerance that is                     various levels of government or between
                                             there is no short-and intermediate-term                 different from a Codex MRL; however,                  the Federal Government and Indian
                                             residential exposure and chronic dietary                FFDCA section 408(b)(4) requires that                 tribes. Thus, the Agency has determined
                                             exposure has already been assessed                      EPA explain the reasons for departing                 that Executive Order 13132, entitled
                                             under the appropriately protective                      from the Codex level.                                 ‘‘Federalism’’ (64 FR 43255, August 10,
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                                             cPAD (which is at least as protective as                  The Codex has not established a MRL                 1999) and Executive Order 13175,
                                             the POD used to assess short-term risk),                for pyrimethanil in or on pomegranate.                entitled ‘‘Consultation and Coordination
                                             no further assessment of short-and                      V. Conclusion                                         with Indian Tribal Governments’’ (65 FR
                                             intermediate-term risk is necessary, and                                                                      67249, November 9, 2000) do not apply
                                             EPA relies on the chronic dietary risk                    Therefore, a tolerance is established               to this action. In addition, this action
                                             assessment for evaluating short-and                     for residues of pyrimethanil, in or on                does not impose any enforceable duty or
                                             intermediate-term risk for pyrimethanil.                pomegranate at 5.0 ppm.                               contain any unfunded mandate as


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                                                               Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 30 / Friday, February 13, 2015 / Rules and Regulations                                              7975

                                             described under Title II of the Unfunded                DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND                               Dated: February 9, 2015.
                                             Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) (2 U.S.C.                    HUMAN SERVICES                                        Marilyn Tavenner,
                                             1501 et seq.).                                                                                                Administrator, Centers for Medicare &
                                                                                                     Centers for Medicare & Medicaid                       Medicaid Services.
                                               This action does not involve any
                                                                                                     Services
                                             technical standards that would require                                                                        APPENDIX
                                             Agency consideration of voluntary                       42 CFR Parts 406, 407, and 408                        CMS Rulings
                                             consensus standards pursuant to section
                                             12(d) of the National Technology                        [CMS–4176–NR]                                         Department of Health and Human
                                             Transfer and Advancement Act                                                                                  Services
                                                                                                     Announcement of Ruling:
                                             (NTTAA) (15 U.S.C. 272 note).                                                                                 Centers for Medicare & Medicaid
                                                                                                     Implementing United States v. Windsor
                                                                                                     for Purposes of Entitlement and                       Services
                                             VII. Congressional Review Act
                                                                                                     Enrollment in Medicare Hospital                       Ruling No.: CMS–4176–R
                                               Pursuant to the Congressional Review                  Insurance and Supplementary Medical
                                             Act (5 U.S.C. 801 et seq.), EPA will                                                                          Date: February 9, 2015
                                                                                                     Insurance
                                             submit a report containing this rule and                                                                         Centers for Medicare & Medicaid
                                             other required information to the U.S.                  AGENCY: Centers for Medicare &                        Services (CMS) Rulings are decisions of
                                             Senate, the U.S. House of                               Medicaid Services (CMS), HHS.                         the Administrator of CMS that serve as
                                             Representatives, and the Comptroller                    ACTION: Notice of CMS ruling.                         precedential final opinions, orders and
                                             General of the United States prior to                                                                         statements of policy and interpretation.
                                                                                                     SUMMARY:   This document announces a
                                             publication of the rule in the Federal                                                                        They provide clarification and
                                                                                                     CMS Ruling that states the CMS policies
                                             Register. This action is not a ‘‘major                                                                        interpretation of complex provisions of
                                                                                                     for implementing United States v.
                                             rule’’ as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2).                                                                         the law or regulations relating to
                                                                                                     Windsor (‘‘Windsor’’), in which the
                                                                                                                                                           Medicare, Medicaid, Utilization and
                                             List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180                     Supreme Court held that section 3 of the
                                                                                                                                                           Quality Control Peer Review, private
                                                                                                     Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA),
                                                                                                                                                           health insurance, and related matters.
                                               Environmental protection,                             enacted in 1996, is unconstitutional.
                                                                                                                                                           They are published under the authority
                                             Administrative practice and procedure,                  Section 3 of DOMA defined ‘‘marriage’’
                                                                                                                                                           of the Administrator.
                                             Agricultural commodities, Pesticides                    and ‘‘spouse’’ as excluding same-sex
                                                                                                                                                              CMS Rulings are binding on all CMS
                                             and pests, Reporting and recordkeeping                  marriages and same-sex spouses, and
                                                                                                                                                           components, Part A and Part B Medicare
                                             requirements.                                           effectively precluded the Federal
                                                                                                                                                           Administrative Contractors (MACs),
                                                                                                     government from recognizing same-sex
                                               Dated: February 6, 2015.                                                                                    Qualified Independent Contractors
                                                                                                     marriages and spouses.
                                             Daniel J. Rosenblatt,                                                                                         (QICs), the Provider Reimbursement
                                                                                                     DATES: The CMS ruling announced in                    Review Board, the Medicare Geographic
                                             Director, Registration Division, Office of              this document is applicable beginning
                                             Pesticide Programs.                                                                                           Classification Review Board, and on the
                                                                                                     February 9, 2015, with respect to                     Medicare Appeals Council and
                                               Therefore, 40 CFR chapter I is                        appeals pending on, initiated, or                     Administrative Law Judges (ALJs) who
                                             amended as follows:                                     reopened in accordance with applicable                hear Medicare appeals. Rulings promote
                                                                                                     rules after February 9, 2015, for                     consistency in interpretation of policy
                                             PART 180—AMENDED                                        entitlement and enrollment                            and adjudication of disputes.
                                                                                                     determinations made on or after June                     This Ruling states the CMS policies
                                             ■ 1. The authority citation for part 180                26, 2013. This ruling does not apply to               for implementing United States v.
                                             continues to read as follows:                           appeals of entitlement and enrollment                 Windsor, 570 U.S. 12, 133 S. Ct. 2675
                                                                                                     determinations made before June 26,                   (2013) (‘‘Windsor’’), in which the
                                                 Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346a and 371.
                                                                                                     2013.                                                 Supreme Court held that section 3 of the
                                             ■ 2. In § 180.518, alphabetically add the               FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:                      Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA),
                                             commodity ‘‘Pomegranate’’ to the table                  Patty Helphenstine (410) 786–0622.                    enacted in 1996 (codified at 1 U.S.C. 7),
                                             in paragraph (a)(1) to read as follows:                 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:      In                    is unconstitutional. Section 3 of DOMA
                                                                                                     ‘‘Windsor,’’ (570 U.S. 12, 133 S. Ct. 2675            defined ‘‘marriage’’ and ‘‘spouse’’ as
                                             § 180.518 Pyrimethanil; tolerance for                                                                         excluding same-sex marriages and same-
                                             residues.
                                                                                                     (2013), the Supreme Court held that
                                                                                                     section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act              sex spouses, and effectively precluded
                                                (a) * * *                                            (DOMA), enacted in 1996 (codified at 1                the Federal government from
                                                (1) * * *                                            U.S.C. 7), is unconstitutional.                       recognizing same-sex marriages and
                                                                                                       The CMS Administrator signed Ruling                 spouses.
                                                                                        Parts per    CMS–4176–R     on February 9, 2015. This              MEDICARE PROGRAM
                                                        Commodity                                    CMS Ruling, as well as other CMS
                                                                                         million
                                                                                                     Rulings are available at http://                        Entitlement and Enrollment in
                                                                                                     www.cms.gov/Regulations-and-                          Medicare Hospital Insurance (Part A)
                                                 *        *           *               *        *     Guidance/Guidance/Rulings/                            and Medicare Supplementary Medical
                                             Pomegranate ..............................          5.0 index.html. For the readers’                          Insurance (Part B)
                                                                                                     convenience, the text of the CMS Ruling                 CITATIONS: Sections 216(h), 226,
Rmajette on DSK2VPTVN1PROD with RULES




                                                 *        *           *               *        *     4176–R is set forth in the Appendix to                226A, 1818(c)–(d), 1837(i) and 1839 of
                                                                                                     this notice of CMS ruling.                            the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C.
                                             *      *    *      *         *                                                                                Sections 416, 426, 426–1, 1395i–2,
                                                                                                     (Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance
                                             [FR Doc. 2015–02949 Filed 2–12–15; 8:45 am]                                                                   1395p and 1395r); 42 CFR 406.5, 406.10,
                                                                                                     Program No. 93.773, Medicare—Hospital
                                             BILLING CODE 6560–50–P                                  Insurance; and Program No. 93.774,                    406.13, 406.24, 406.32(c)–(d), 406.33,
                                                                                                     Medicare—Supplementary Medical                        406.34, 407.20, 407.22(a)(5), 407.25(c),
                                                                                                     Insurance Program)                                    407.27(b), 408.22 and 408.24.


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Document Created: 2015-12-18 13:18:24
Document Modified: 2015-12-18 13:18:24
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionRules and Regulations
ActionFinal rule.
DatesThis regulation is effective February 13, 2015. Objections and requests for hearings must be received on or before April 14, 2015, and must be filed in accordance with the instructions provided in 40 CFR part 178 (see also Unit I.C. of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION).
ContactSusan Lewis, Registration Division (7505P), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington, DC 20460-0001; main telephone
FR Citation80 FR 7971 
CFR AssociatedEnvironmental Protection; Administrative Practice and Procedure; Agricultural Commodities; Pesticides and Pests and Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements

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