80 FR 79909 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for Office of Management and Budget Review; Comment Request; Hearing, Aging, and Direct-to-Consumer Television Advertisements
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Food and Drug Administration Federal Register Volume 80, Issue 246 (December 23, 2015)
Food and Drug Administration
Federal Register Volume 80, Issue 246 (December 23, 2015)
| Page Range | 79909-79912 | |
| FR Document | 2015-32251 |
[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 246 (Wednesday, December 23, 2015)] [Notices] [Pages 79909-79912] From the Federal Register Online [www.thefederalregister.org] [FR Doc No: 2015-32251] [[Page 79909]] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Food and Drug Administration [Docket No. FDA-2015-N-2163] Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for Office of Management and Budget Review; Comment Request; Hearing, Aging, and Direct-to-Consumer Television Advertisements AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS. ACTION: Notice. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is announcing that a proposed collection of information has been submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review and clearance under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995. DATES: Submit either electronic or written comments on the collection of information by January 22, 2016. ADDRESSES: To ensure that comments on the information collection are received, OMB recommends that written comments be faxed to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, OMB, Attn: FDA Desk Officer, FAX: 202-395-7285, or emailed to oira_submission@omb.eop.gov. All comments should be identified with the OMB control number 0910-New and title ``Hearing, Aging, and Direct-to-Consumer Television Advertisements.'' Also include the FDA docket number found in brackets in the heading of this document. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: FDA PRA Staff, Office of Operations, Food and Drug Administration, 8455 Colesville Rd., COLE-14526, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, PRAStaff@fda.hhs.gov. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Background In compliance with 44 U.S.C. 3507, FDA has submitted the following proposed collection of information to OMB for review and clearance. Hearing, Aging, and Direct-to-Consumer Television Advertisements OMB Control Number 0910--NEW Section 1701(a)(4) of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. 300u(a)(4)) authorizes the FDA to conduct research relating to health information. Section 1003(d)(2)(C) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the FD&C Act) (21 U.S.C. 393(b)(2)(c)) authorizes FDA to conduct research relating to drugs and other FDA regulated products in carrying out the provisions of the FD&C Act. Older adults use a disproportionate number of prescription drugs (Ref. 1) and watch more television than other age groups (Ref. 2). Age- related changes in hearing are common (Refs. 3-5) and, depending on their severity, influence the understanding of speech. Direct-To- Consumer (DTC) television advertisements (ads) contain large amounts of complex information about prescription drug treatments that may be particularly relevant to a population that is experiencing some level of hearing loss. Moreover, much of the information in these ads is conveyed by voiceover, meaning that the audio channel is the only way to receive the information. Although people with serious hearing loss may compensate by using closed captioning (which may or may not be available for ads) or hearing aids, some individuals experience the effects of hearing loss without realizing that it is the cause and others choose not to use external compensatory aids (Ref. 6). For these reasons, FDA is proposing research to investigate how people at various ages and levels of hearing ability comprehend DTC ads. Sponsors of DTC ads cannot control the hearing abilities of their audiences. Nonetheless, researchers have identified several aspects of DTC ads within their control that influence the understanding of speech in individuals who experience aging-related hearing loss. First, frequency thresholds differ as people age--that is, older adults are not able to hear higher frequencies as well (Refs. 7, 8). Second, DTC television ads contain a risk statement of the most serious and most common side effects, called ``the major statement.'' FDA regulations require that the major statement must be included in at least the audio portion of the ad (Ref. 9). The risks of a medical product often include highly technical medical terms that should be transformed into consumer-friendly language to convey the risks appropriately. This is easier in some cases than in others. In addition, there are techniques to help reduce the complexity of the major statement, such as maintaining active voice, reducing instances where words need clarification from other later words in the broadcast, and using shorter sentences. Third, television ad spots are typically bought in increments of 15 seconds, leading to a preponderance of 30- and 60- second ads, and some 75-second ads when risk information is especially dense. In order to fit the required information into this time frame, the audio presentation speed may be adjusted to be faster or slower. Research has shown that fast speech is more difficult to understand than slower speech, even for healthy young adults (Ref. 10). Thus, we propose to examine the effects of three aspects of DTC ads (voice frequency, complexity of major statement, and speed of major statement) on the comprehension of the ads among four different age groups of individuals. Because hearing losses begin to occur as people age, we will examine a group of middle-aged adults (40-50 years), young-old adults (60-74 years), and old-old adults (75+ years), and a group of young adults (18-25 years) as a control. The use of young adults as a control group is common in studies of age changes in memory, cognition, and hearing (Refs. 11-14). We expect a progression of hearing loss across the lifespan, but that is not the focus of this study. Our primary outcomes will be verbatim and gist memory, and confidence in memory judgments, but we will also seek to apply findings from previous studies showing age changes in hearing ability (Refs. 15, 16) to the particular situation of DTC ad viewing. It is important to note that despite hearing and cognitive losses, older adults generally use linguistic context well. That is, they are as good as or even better than younger adults at using context to determine what they are hearing. They are also skilled at using the intonation of words, which words are stressed, where pauses occur, and how words are lengthened before pauses, all components of something called the prosody of language (Ref. 17). Thus, even though older adults generally perform worse than younger adults with rapid speech, older adult recall of sentences is still relatively high, at 80 percent, presumably because older adults use linguistic context. Moreover, to approximate real DTC ads, participants will view an ad that has a typical amount of superimposed text, some of which may repeat the information in the audio. Our task thus involves viewing realistic DTC ads, which provide more context than lists of unrelated words or sentences, as often found in laboratory experiments. Thus, it is an open question whether hearing loss will impede the comprehension of DTC ads or whether the ability to make use of context will counteract these decrements across the lifespan. II. General Research Questions 1. How do hearing and cognitive declines in older adults affect comprehension of DTC television ads, and the major statement in particular? [[Page 79910]] 2. How do the frequency, speed, and complexity of the major statement influence the comprehension of the major statement and DTC ads as a whole? 3. How do hearing and cognitive declines interact with the frequency, speed, and complexity of the major statement to affect the comprehension of DTC ads? III. Design To test these research questions, we will examine four groups of adults and manipulate three variables as shown in table 1. Table 1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Voiceover frequency -------------------------------------------- Male (low frequency) Female (high ---------------------- frequency) Age Speed Organization of ---------------------- Total major statement Organization of ---------------------- major statement ---------------------- Simple Complex Simple Complex ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Young Adults (18-25).............. Low Speed............ 33 33 33 33 132 High Speed........... 33 33 33 33 132 Middle-Aged (40-50)............... Low Speed............ 33 33 33 33 132 High Speed........... 33 33 33 33 132 Young-Older (60-75)............... Low Speed............ 33 33 33 33 132 High Speed........... 33 33 33 33 132 Old-Older (OO; 75+)............... Low Speed............ 33 33 33 33 132 High Speed........... 33 33 33 33 132 ------------------------------------------------------ Total......................... ..................... 264 264 264 264 1,056 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pretesting will take place before the main study to evaluate the hearing assessment procedures and questionnaire measures used in the main study. We will recruit adults who fall into one of four age brackets shown in table 1. We will exclude individuals who work in healthcare or marketing settings because their knowledge and experiences may not reflect those of the average consumer. A priori power analyses revealed that we need 640 participants for the pretest to obtain 80 percent power to detect a small effect size, and 1,056 participants for the main study to obtain 90 percent power to detect a small effect size. Data collection will take place in person. For the pretest and main study, within each age group, participants will be randomly assigned to one of eight experimental conditions in a 2 (speed) x 2 (frequency) x 2 (complexity) design, as depicted in table 1. The study will include audiometric measurement of individual hearing ability to help determine if hearing declines account for any age group differences in reported comprehension or retention of ad information. During the scheduled appointment time, participants will receive a complete audiometric test performed by audiologists from the University of North Carolina Hearing and Communication Center, watch a fictitious DTC television ad twice, and answer questions in a survey. Participation is estimated to take approximately 45 minutes. Questionnaire measures are designed to assess, for both risk and benefit information, verbatim memory, comprehension, gist memory, and confidence in memory and comprehension judgments. The draft questionnaire is available upon request. To examine differences between experimental conditions, we will conduct inferential statistical tests such as analysis of variance (ANOVA). In accordance with 5 CFR 1320.8(d), FDA published a 60-day notice for public comment in the Federal Register of June 25, 2015 (80 FR 36545). Two comments were received. We will address the issues raised in each comment subsequently, beginning with those of AbbVie. (Comment 1) The Agency should place research results in the context that older adults are diverse and increasingly involved in new technologies. (Response 1) We agree that older adults are not homogenous. Regarding our focus on television ads, the fact that older people are increasingly able to look at advertisements online does not eliminate the fact that many continue to be exposed to television advertising and that advertising is not always presented with closed-captioning. We will ensure that we frame our research results in the proper context. (Comment 2) A bias may exist in asking survey participants to self- declare ``a hearing loss'' as hearing loss can be viewed as a negative consequence/indicator of aging. Thus, those in older age groups may underestimate their true hearing loss as well as the need for some type of hearing aid or assistance. (Response 2) We will not rely solely on self-reported hearing loss. We have arranged for trained audiologists to conduct in-person audiological assessments with validated approaches as well. (Comment 3) As the Agency plans to test multiple variables and age groups, it is important to test these variables independently; testing only in combination with other variables or aggregating across age groups or variables may mask true drivers. Individual cells with a sample size of 33 are too small to compare to other individual cells. A minimum of 50 is necessary to understand individual variables within and across age groups. (Response 3) We are aware of no statistical or research standard that specifies that groups must contain 50 individuals. We conducted power analyses to determine that 33 individuals per cell is adequate and statistically defensible for our study goals. (Comment 4) The Introduction and Debriefing state that the study ``involves information about a drug that is not yet available for sale.'' However, survey questions 8, 10, 18, and 30 refer to respondents having access to the drug with verbiage such as ``even if you have never taken the drug,'' ``ask the doctor to prescribe Drug X,'' and ``have you seen any advertising for Drug X before today.'' Yet none of these could happen if Drug X is not yet available for sale. (Response 4) We acknowledge that we are posing hypothetical possibilities in some questions that respondents should [[Page 79911]] not have previously experienced. We have changed the introduction to reference ``advertising for a new product'' rather than ``information about a drug that is not yet available for sale.'' However, using language such as ``even if you have never taken the drug'' will assure respondents that their answers are welcome even if they do not have direct experience with the drug. The question about asking the doctor to prescribe the drug measures behavioral intentions, not actual behavior related to the drug. The question asking whether they have seen an ad for the drug will allow us to capture false reporting tendencies. (Comment 5) Question 13 refers to ``claims''. We suspect ``claim'' is not as readily understood by consumers as is the more general term ``information'' used in Question 17. Also, there are only minor differences in the wording of two recognition choices for Questions 13a vs. 13b; was this intended? (Response 5) Thank you for your close review of the questionnaire. The two ad versions (simple and complex) are designed to include the same information but stated differently. Thus, these two questions (then 13a and 13b; now 14a and 14b) should be similar in nature and only two of the sub-items are stated differently (#2 and #4). Participants will see either question 14a or 14b depending on their experimental condition. The next responses address issues raised by Eli Lilly and Company. (Comment 6) What are the objectives of the pretest? The proposed sample size for the pretest (n = 640) appears excessive to test the procedural flow and survey procedures. (Response 6) The pretest will be used to assess whether the instrument as a whole as well as individual sections work equally well across respondent groups (e.g., age). In addition, the pretest will include manipulation checks as a main function of the task. The sample size for the pretest (640 participants equally split across the four age groups) was determined based on an assumption of a need for 80 percent power with an alpha of 0.10 to detect a small effect size. With eight experimental conditions across four age groups, the calculation resulted in a need for 20 individuals per cell, or 640 total participants. (Comment 7) The age groups selected are logical, but why are people aged 51-59 excluded and why are 18-25 year olds selected as the control? ``Although 18-25 year olds as a control group might be common in studies of age changes in memory and hearing, this age group does not seem as relevant for pharmaceutical advertisements about cholesterol lowering drugs.'' Also, the age group of 60-75 should be capped at 74 to make sure the groups are mutually exclusive. (Response 7) We agree that there is a likely slow progression of age-related hearing loss across the lifespan and if our focus was on this progression, we would want to include 50-59 year olds. The approach we are taking will ensure that we can see contrasts between younger and older people. We also have a middle-aged group to see whether any contrast between the youngest and oldest groups appears to be relatively linear or is curvilinear. Including the 50-59 year age group would not add substantial information to this design, although we do acknowledge that we will not be able to address when decline occurs if it appears to drop dramatically from our middle-aged group to our young-older age group. We are including participants between 18-25 years as a baseline for our measurement of hearing ability, as that is an integral part of this research. The entire sample will be drawn from the general population, and although there may be distinct differences in potential interest in the advertised drug, we feel the addition of this younger group is worth measurement. We have included a question to assess whether participants have been diagnosed with high cholesterol and can use that as a proxy for interest, regardless of age. Thank you for pointing out the need to cap the young-old age group at 74 rather than 75 to ensure the groups are mutually exclusive. (Comment 8) We advise caution in reporting results for individual cells (e.g., 40-50 year old respondents who see an ad with a male voice, simple statement, low speed) due to the low sample size (n = 33). We recommend excluding results for a sample that has fewer than 50 respondents. (Response 8) We are aware of no statistical or research standard that specifies that groups must contain 50 individuals. We conducted power analyses to determine that 33 individuals per cell is adequate and statistically defensible for our study goals. (Comment 9) Because the Summary Brief of the project does not adequately provide details regarding the individual ads to be tested, we seek clarification on whether multiple ads will be tested and the variability of ad content. With greater variability of the ads tested, there is potential for a new source of bias to be introduced into the study. (Response 9) We agree that extraneous variability should be kept to a minimum. For this study, the same base ad will be manipulated such that all else remains constant except for the gender of the voiceover announcer, the complexity of the risk information, and the speed at which it is stated. The visuals will be as similar as possible except for minimal differences in length of time on screen to account for the different lengths of the voiceover. The same male and female voice actors will record all variations of the ad. IV. External Reviewers In addition to public comment, Office of Prescription Drug Promotion solicited peer-review comments from academic researchers in fields relevant to the communication of DTC prescription drug information. We received responses and incorporated the thoughts of the following individuals: Dr. Susan Blalock, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Pharmacy Dr. Robert McKeever, University of South Carolina, School of Journalism and Mass Communications To examine differences between experimental conditions, we will conduct inferential statistical tests such as analysis of variance (ANOVA). With the sample size described in table 2, we will have sufficient power to detect small-to-medium sized effects in the main study. FDA estimates the burden of this collection of information as follows: Table 2--Estimated Annual Reporting Burden \1\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of Activity Number of responses per Total annual Average burden per Total hours respondents respondent responses response ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Cognitive Interview screener 96 1 96 0.08 (5 minutes) 8 Cognitive Interviews........ 9 1 9 1 (60 minutes) 9 Pretest screener............ 1,280 1 1,280 0.08 (5 minutes) 102 [[Page 79912]] Pretest..................... 640 1 640 0.75 (45 minutes) 480 Main Study Screener......... 2,112 1 2,112 0.08 (5 minutes) 169 Main Study.................. 1,056 1 1,056 0.75 (45 minutes) 792 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total................... 5,193 1 5,193 .................. 1,560 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ There are no capital costs or operating and maintenance costs associated with the collection of information. V. References The following references are on display in the Division of Dockets Management (HFA-305), Food and Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, Rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852, and are available for viewing by interested persons between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday; they are also available electronically at http://www.regulations.gov. FDA has verified the Web site addresses, as of the date this document publishes in the Federal Register, but Web sites are subject to change over time. 1. Zhong W., H. Maradit-Kremers, J.L. St. Sauver, et al., ``Age and Sex Patterns of Drug Prescribing in a Defined American Population.'' Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 88(7):697-707, 2013. 2. Depp C.A., D.A. Schkade, W.K. Thompson, D.V. Jeste. ``Age, Affective Experience, and Television Use.'' American Journal of Preventative Medicine. 39:173-8, 2010. 3. Agrawal Y., E.A. Platz, J.K. Niparko. ``Prevalence of Hearing Loss and Differences by Demographic Characteristics Among US Adults.'' Archives of Internal Medicine. 168(14):1522-30, 2008. 4. Cruickshanks K.J., T.L. Wiley, T.S. Tweed, et al., ``Prevalence of Hearing Loss in Older Adults in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin.'' American Journal of Epidemiology. 148(9):879-86, 1998. 5. Lin FR, R. Thorpe, S. Gordon-Salant, L. Ferrucci. ``Hearing Loss Prevalence and Risk Factors Among Older Adults in the United States.'' The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 66A(5):582-90, 2011. 6. Garstecki DC, S.F. Erler. ``Hearing Loss, Control, and Demographic Factors Influencing Hearing Aid Use Among Older Adults.'' Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research. 41:527- 37, 1998. 7. Gates G.A., J.C. Cooper. ``Incidence of Hearing Decline in the Elderly.'' Acta Oto-laryngol. 111:240-8, 1991. 8. Humes L.E. ``Speech Understanding in the Elderly.'' Journal of the American Academy of Audiology. 7:161-7, 1996. 9. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Code of Federal Regulations. Prescription drug advertisements, 21 CFR Sect. 202.1. 2013. (http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfCFR/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=202.1) 10. Wingfield A., L.W. Poon, L. Lombardi, D. Lowe. ``Speed of Processing in Normal Aging: Effects of Speech Rate, Linguistic Structure, and Processing Time.'' The Journals of Gerontology. 40(5):579-85, 1985. 11. Kramer A.F., S. Hahn, D. Gopher. ``Task Coordination and Aging: Explorations of Executive Control Processes in the Task Switching Paradigm.'' Acta Psychologica. 101:339-78, 1999. 12. Naveh-Benjamin M., J. Guez, A. Kilb, S. Reedy. ``The Associative Memory Deficit of Older Adults: Further Support Using Face-Name Associations.'' Psychology and Aging. 19(3):541-6, 2004. 13. Sommers M.S., N. Tye-Murray, B. Spehar. ``Auditory-Visual Speech Perception and Auditory-Visual Enhancement in Normal-Hearing Younger and Older Adults.'' Ear and Hearing. 26(3):263-75, 2005. 14. Watson J.M., K.B. McDermott, D.A. Balota. ``Attempting to Avoid False Memories in the Deese/Roediger-McDermott Paradigm: Assessing the Combined Influence of Practice and Warnings in Young and Old Adults.'' Memory and Cognition. 32(1):135-41, 2004. 15. Gates G.A., M.P. Feeney, D. Mills. ``Cross-Sectional Age-Changes of Hearing in the Elderly.'' Ear and Hearing. 29(6):865-74, 2008. 16. Morrell C.H., S. Gordon-Salant, J.D. Pearson, L.J. Brant, J.L. Fozard. ``Age- and Gender-Specific Reference Ranges for Hearing Level and Longitudinal Changes in Hearing Level.'' Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 100(4)Pt. 1:1949-67, 1996. 17. Cutler A., D. Dahan, W. van Donselaar. ``Prosody in the Comprehension of Spoken Language: A Literature Review.'' Language and Speech. 40(2):141-201, 1997. Dated: December 15, 2015. Leslie Kux, Associate Commissioner for Policy. [FR Doc. 2015-32251 Filed 12-22-15; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4164-01-P
![Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 246 / Wednesday, December 23, 2015 / Notices 79909
DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND regulated products in carrying out the Research has shown that fast speech is
HUMAN SERVICES provisions of the FD&C Act. more difficult to understand than slower
Older adults use a disproportionate speech, even for healthy young adults
Food and Drug Administration number of prescription drugs (Ref. 1) (Ref. 10).
[Docket No. FDA–2015–N–2163]
and watch more television than other Thus, we propose to examine the
age groups (Ref. 2). Age-related changes effects of three aspects of DTC ads
Agency Information Collection in hearing are common (Refs. 3–5) and, (voice frequency, complexity of major
Activities; Submission for Office of depending on their severity, influence statement, and speed of major
Management and Budget Review; the understanding of speech. Direct-To- statement) on the comprehension of the
Comment Request; Hearing, Aging, Consumer (DTC) television ads among four different age groups of
and Direct-to-Consumer Television advertisements (ads) contain large individuals. Because hearing losses
Advertisements amounts of complex information about begin to occur as people age, we will
prescription drug treatments that may examine a group of middle-aged adults
AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, be particularly relevant to a population (40–50 years), young-old adults (60–74
HHS. that is experiencing some level of years), and old-old adults (75+ years),
ACTION: Notice. hearing loss. Moreover, much of the and a group of young adults (18–25
information in these ads is conveyed by years) as a control. The use of young
SUMMARY: The Food and Drug voiceover, meaning that the audio
Administration (FDA) is announcing adults as a control group is common in
channel is the only way to receive the studies of age changes in memory,
that a proposed collection of information. Although people with
information has been submitted to the cognition, and hearing (Refs. 11–14). We
serious hearing loss may compensate by expect a progression of hearing loss
Office of Management and Budget using closed captioning (which may or
(OMB) for review and clearance under across the lifespan, but that is not the
may not be available for ads) or hearing focus of this study. Our primary
the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995. aids, some individuals experience the
DATES: Submit either electronic or
outcomes will be verbatim and gist
effects of hearing loss without realizing memory, and confidence in memory
written comments on the collection of that it is the cause and others choose not
information by January 22, 2016. judgments, but we will also seek to
to use external compensatory aids (Ref. apply findings from previous studies
ADDRESSES: To ensure that comments on 6). For these reasons, FDA is proposing showing age changes in hearing ability
the information collection are received, research to investigate how people at (Refs. 15, 16) to the particular situation
OMB recommends that written various ages and levels of hearing ability
of DTC ad viewing.
comments be faxed to the Office of comprehend DTC ads.
Information and Regulatory Affairs, Sponsors of DTC ads cannot control It is important to note that despite
OMB, Attn: FDA Desk Officer, FAX: the hearing abilities of their audiences. hearing and cognitive losses, older
202–395–7285, or emailed to oira_ Nonetheless, researchers have identified adults generally use linguistic context
submission@omb.eop.gov. All several aspects of DTC ads within their well. That is, they are as good as or even
comments should be identified with the control that influence the understanding better than younger adults at using
OMB control number 0910–New and of speech in individuals who experience context to determine what they are
title ‘‘Hearing, Aging, and Direct-to- aging-related hearing loss. First, hearing. They are also skilled at using
Consumer Television Advertisements.’’ frequency thresholds differ as people the intonation of words, which words
Also include the FDA docket number age—that is, older adults are not able to are stressed, where pauses occur, and
found in brackets in the heading of this hear higher frequencies as well (Refs. 7, how words are lengthened before
document. 8). Second, DTC television ads contain pauses, all components of something
a risk statement of the most serious and called the prosody of language (Ref. 17).
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: FDA
most common side effects, called ‘‘the Thus, even though older adults
PRA Staff, Office of Operations, Food generally perform worse than younger
and Drug Administration, 8455 major statement.’’ FDA regulations
require that the major statement must be adults with rapid speech, older adult
Colesville Rd., COLE–14526, Silver recall of sentences is still relatively
Spring, MD 20993–0002, PRAStaff@ included in at least the audio portion of
the ad (Ref. 9). The risks of a medical high, at 80 percent, presumably because
fda.hhs.gov. older adults use linguistic context.
product often include highly technical
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: medical terms that should be Moreover, to approximate real DTC ads,
I. Background transformed into consumer-friendly participants will view an ad that has a
language to convey the risks typical amount of superimposed text,
In compliance with 44 U.S.C. 3507, appropriately. This is easier in some some of which may repeat the
FDA has submitted the following cases than in others. In addition, there information in the audio. Our task thus
proposed collection of information to are techniques to help reduce the involves viewing realistic DTC ads,
OMB for review and clearance. complexity of the major statement, such which provide more context than lists of
Hearing, Aging, and Direct-to-Consumer as maintaining active voice, reducing unrelated words or sentences, as often
Television Advertisements instances where words need found in laboratory experiments. Thus,
clarification from other later words in it is an open question whether hearing
OMB Control Number 0910—NEW the broadcast, and using shorter loss will impede the comprehension of
Section 1701(a)(4) of the Public sentences. Third, television ad spots are DTC ads or whether the ability to make
Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. typically bought in increments of 15 use of context will counteract these
tkelley on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES
300u(a)(4)) authorizes the FDA to seconds, leading to a preponderance of decrements across the lifespan.
conduct research relating to health 30- and 60-second ads, and some 75-
II. General Research Questions
information. Section 1003(d)(2)(C) of the second ads when risk information is
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act especially dense. In order to fit the 1. How do hearing and cognitive
(the FD&C Act) (21 U.S.C. 393(b)(2)(c)) required information into this time declines in older adults affect
authorizes FDA to conduct research frame, the audio presentation speed may comprehension of DTC television ads,
relating to drugs and other FDA be adjusted to be faster or slower. and the major statement in particular?
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![79912 Federal Register / Vol. 80, No. 246 / Wednesday, December 23, 2015 / Notices
TABLE 2—ESTIMATED ANNUAL REPORTING BURDEN 1—Continued
Number of re-
Number of Total annual Average burden per
Activity sponses per Total hours
respondents responses response
respondent
Pretest .......................................................................... 640 1 640 0.75 (45 minutes) 480
Main Study Screener ................................................... 2,112 1 2,112 0.08 (5 minutes) 169
Main Study ................................................................... 1,056 1 1,056 0.75 (45 minutes) 792
Total ...................................................................... 5,193 1 5,193 ................................ 1,560
1 There are no capital costs or operating and maintenance costs associated with the collection of information.
V. References CFRSearch.cfm?fr=202.1) DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND
10. Wingfield A., L.W. Poon, L. Lombardi, D. HUMAN SERVICES
The following references are on
Lowe. ‘‘Speed of Processing in Normal
display in the Division of Dockets
Aging: Effects of Speech Rate, Linguistic Food and Drug Administration
Management (HFA–305), Food and Drug
Structure, and Processing Time.’’ The
Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, Rm.
Journals of Gerontology. 40(5):579–85,
1061, Rockville, MD 20852, and are [Docket No. FDA–2012–N–0873]
1985.
available for viewing by interested 11. Kramer A.F., S. Hahn, D. Gopher. ‘‘Task
persons between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Agency Information Collection
Coordination and Aging: Explorations of
Monday through Friday; they are also Activities: Proposed Collection;
Executive Control Processes in the Task
available electronically at http:// Comment Request; Bar Code Label
Switching Paradigm.’’ Acta
www.regulations.gov. FDA has verified Psychologica. 101:339–78, 1999.
Requirement for Human Drug and
the Web site addresses, as of the date 12. Naveh-Benjamin M., J. Guez, A. Kilb, S. Biological Products; Correction
this document publishes in the Federal Reedy. ‘‘The Associative Memory Deficit
Register, but Web sites are subject to of Older Adults: Further Support Using AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration,
change over time. Face-Name Associations.’’ Psychology HHS.
1. Zhong W., H. Maradit-Kremers, J.L. St. and Aging. 19(3):541–6, 2004.
Sauver, et al., ‘‘Age and Sex Patterns of ACTION: Notice; correction.
13. Sommers M.S., N. Tye-Murray, B. Spehar.
Drug Prescribing in a Defined American
Population.’’ Mayo Clinic Proceedings. ‘‘Auditory-Visual Speech Perception and SUMMARY: The Food and Drug
88(7):697–707, 2013. Auditory-Visual Enhancement in
Administration (FDA) is correcting a
2. Depp C.A., D.A. Schkade, W.K. Thompson, Normal-Hearing Younger and Older
notice entitled ‘‘Agency Information
D.V. Jeste. ‘‘Age, Affective Experience, Adults.’’ Ear and Hearing. 26(3):263–75,
and Television Use.’’ American Journal 2005.
Collection Activities: Proposed
of Preventative Medicine. 39:173–8, 14. Watson J.M., K.B. McDermott, D.A. Collection; Comment Request; Bar Code
2010. Balota. ‘‘Attempting to Avoid False Label Requirement for Human Drug and
3. Agrawal Y., E.A. Platz, J.K. Niparko. Memories in the Deese/Roediger- Biological Products’’ that appeared in
‘‘Prevalence of Hearing Loss and the Federal Register of December 15,
Differences by Demographic McDermott Paradigm: Assessing the
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scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfCFR/
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| Category | Regulatory Information | |
| Collection | Federal Register | |
| sudoc Class | AE 2.7: GS 4.107: AE 2.106: | |
| Publisher | Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration | |
| Section | Notices | |
| Action | Notice. | |
| Dates | Submit either electronic or written comments on the collection of information by January 22, 2016. | |
| Contact | FDA PRA Staff, Office of Operations, Food and Drug Administration, 8455 Colesville Rd., COLE-14526, Silver Spring, MD 20993-0002, [email protected] | |
| FR Citation | 80 FR 79909 |
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