81 FR 26507 - Proposed Establishment of the Appalachian High Country Viticultural Area
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY
Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau Federal Register Volume 81, Issue 85 (May 3, 2016)
Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau
Federal Register Volume 81, Issue 85 (May 3, 2016)
| Page Range | 26507-26515 | |
| FR Document | 2016-10291 |
[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 85 (Tuesday, May 3, 2016)] [Proposed Rules] [Pages 26507-26515] From the Federal Register Online [www.thefederalregister.org] [FR Doc No: 2016-10291] [[Page 26507]] ======================================================================= ----------------------------------------------------------------------- DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau 27 CFR Part 9 [Docket No. TTB-2016-0003; Notice No. 158] RIN 1513-AC25 Proposed Establishment of the Appalachian High Country Viticultural Area AGENCY: Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, Treasury. ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY: The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) proposes to establish the approximately 2,400-square mile ``Appalachian High Country'' viticultural area in all or portions of the following counties: Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Mitchell, and Watauga Counties in North Carolina; Carter and Johnson Counties in Tennessee; and Grayson County in Virginia. The proposed viticultural area does not lie within, nor does it contain, any other established viticultural area. TTB designates viticultural areas to allow vintners to better describe the origin of their wines and to allow consumers to better identify wines they may purchase. TTB invites comments on this proposed addition to its regulations. DATES: Comments must be received by July 5, 2016. ADDRESSES: Please send your comments on this proposed rule to one of the following addresses (please note that TTB has a new address for comments submitted by U.S. mail):Internet: https://www.regulations.gov (via the online comment form for this proposed rule as posted within Docket No. TTB- 2016-0003 at ``Regulations.gov,'' the Federal e-rulemaking portal); U.S. Mail: Director, Regulations and Rulings Division, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, 1310 G Street NW., Box 12, Washington, DC 20005; or Hand delivery/courier in lieu of mail: Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, 1310 G Street NW., Suite 400, Washington, DC 20005. See the Public Participation section of this proposed rule for specific instructions and requirements for submitting comments, and for information on how to request a public hearing or view or request copies of the petition and supporting materials. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Karen A. Thornton, Regulations and Rulings Division, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, 1310 G Street NW., Box 12, Washington, DC 20005; phone 202-453-1039, ext. 175. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Background on Viticultural Areas TTB Authority Section 105(e) of the Federal Alcohol Administration Act (FAA Act), 27 U.S.C. 205(e), authorizes the Secretary of the Treasury to prescribe regulations for the labeling of wine, distilled spirits, and malt beverages. The FAA Act provides that these regulations should, among other things, prohibit consumer deception and the use of misleading statements on labels and ensure that labels provide the consumer with adequate information as to the identity and quality of the product. The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau (TTB) administers the FAA Act pursuant to section 1111(d) of the Homeland Security Act of 2002, codified at 6 U.S.C. 531(d). The Secretary has delegated various authorities through Treasury Department Order 120-01, dated December 10, 2013 (superseding Treasury Department Order 120-01, (Revised), ``Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau,'' dated January 24, 2003), to the TTB Administrator to perform the functions and duties in the administration and enforcement of these provisions. Part 4 of the TTB regulations (27 CFR part 4) authorizes TTB to establish definitive viticultural areas and regulate the use of their names as appellations of origin on wine labels and in wine advertisements. Part 9 of the TTB regulations (27 CFR part 9) sets forth the standards for the preparation and submission of petitions for the establishment or modification of American viticultural areas (AVAs) and lists the approved AVAs. Definition Section 4.25(e)(1)(i) of the TTB regulations (27 CFR 4.25(e)(1)(i)) defines a viticultural area for American wine as a delimited grape- growing region having distinguishing features, as described in part 9 of the regulations, and a name and a delineated boundary, as established in part 9 of the regulations. These designations allow vintners and consumers to attribute a given quality, reputation, or other characteristic of a wine made from grapes grown in an area to the wine's geographic origin. The establishment of AVAs allows vintners to describe more accurately the origin of their wines to consumers and helps consumers to identify wines they may purchase. Establishment of an AVA is neither an approval nor an endorsement by TTB of the wine produced in that area. Requirements Section 4.25(e)(2) of the TTB regulations (27 CFR 4.25(e)(2)) outlines the procedure for proposing an AVA and provides that any interested party may petition TTB to establish a grape-growing region as an AVA. Section 9.12 of the TTB regulations (27 CFR 9.12) prescribes standards for petitions for the establishment or modification of AVAs. Petitions to establish an AVA must include the following: Evidence that the area within the proposed AVA boundary is nationally or locally known by the AVA name specified in the petition; An explanation of the basis for defining the boundary of the proposed AVA; A narrative description of the features of the proposed AVA affecting viticulture, such as climate, geology, soils, physical features, and elevation, that make the proposed AVA distinctive and distinguish it from adjacent areas outside the proposed AVA boundary; The appropriate United States Geological Survey (USGS) map(s) showing the location of the proposed AVA, with the boundary of the proposed AVA clearly drawn thereon; and A detailed narrative description of the proposed AVA boundary based on USGS map markings. Appalachian High Country Petition TTB received a petition from Johnnie James, owner of Bethel Valley Farms, on behalf of members of the High Country Wine Growers Association, proposing to establish the approximately 2,400-square mile ``Appalachian High Country'' AVA. Twenty-one commercial vineyards, covering approximately 71 acres, are distributed across the proposed AVA. According to the petition, an additional 8 vineyards comprising approximately 37 acres are planned in the near future. There are also 10 bonded wineries within the proposed AVA. The distinguishing features of the proposed Appalachian High Country AVA include its topography, climate, and soils. Unless otherwise noted, all information and data pertaining to the proposed AVA contained in this proposed rule come from the petition for the proposed Appalachian High Country AVA and its supporting exhibits. [[Page 26508]] Name Evidence The region of the proposed Appalachian High Country AVA is often referred to as the ``High Country'' because of its high elevations, which, according to the petition, are considered to be the highest average elevations east of the Mississippi River. The High Country Wine Growers Association chose to add ``Appalachian'' to the proposed AVA name as a reference to the proposed AVA's location within the Appalachian Mountains, as well as to distinguish the proposed AVA from other regions across the country that are also referred to as ``High Country.'' The petition included evidence that the phrase ``High Country'' applies to the region of the proposed AVA. Several tourism Web sites that feature the region of the proposed AVA include the phrase ``High Country'' in their names, including High Country Host,\1\ High Country Journey,\2\ and GO NC High Country.\3\ The High Country Council of Governments \4\ is a planning and development association comprised of county and municipal governments in northwestern North Carolina, including Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Mitchell, and Watauga Counties. The petition also included a listing of over 100 businesses and organizations within the proposed AVA that use the phrase ``High Country'' in their names, including High Country Wedding and Event Coordinators \5\ in Butler, Tennessee (Johnson County); High Country Horse Camp \6\ in Troutdale, Virginia (Grayson County); High Country Bottling Company \7\ in West Jefferson, North Carolina (Ashe County); High Country Hearth and Chimney \8\ in Banner Elk, North Carolina (Avery County); High Country Academy Tutoring Service \9\ (Watauga County); and High Country Drywall \10\ in Laurel Springs, North Carolina (Alleghany County). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ www.highcountryhost.com. \2\ www.highcountryjourney.com. \3\ www.youtube./user/GoNCHighCountry. \4\ www.regiond.org. \5\ www.highcountryweddingplanners.com. \6\ www.highcountryhorsecampva.net. \7\ www.highcountrywater.com. \8\ www.highcountryhearth.com. \9\ www.highcountryacademync.com. \10\ No Web site available. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- The petition also included a listing of over 40 additional businesses and organizations that routinely use the phrase ``High Country'' in their printed or radio advertisements. For example, Boone Drug, which has locations in all of the Tennessee and North Carolina counties within the proposed AVA, advertises that the pharmacy chain was established in 1919 and ``has proudly been serving the High Country ever since * * *.'' \11\ Prospect Hill Bed and Breakfast, located in Mountain City, Tennessee and also within the proposed AVA, invites guests to ``enjoy the wonders of the Appalachian High Country.'' \12\ Red Tail Mountain Resort and Golf, which is also located in Mountain City, Tennessee, advertises itself as ``the finest mountain golf in the High Country.'' \13\ Finally, Appalachian Blinds and Closet Company, located in Boone, North Carolina, is advertised as the ``High Country's one-stop shop'' for home decorating needs.\14\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \11\ www.boonedrug.com. \12\ www.prospect-hill.com/activities. \13\ www.redtailmountain.com. \14\ www.appblinds.com. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Boundary Evidence The proposed Appalachian High Country AVA includes all or portions of Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Mitchell, and Watauga Counties in North Carolina; Carter and Johnson Counties in Tennessee; and Grayson County in Virginia. A portion of the proposed eastern boundary follows the Ashe, Alleghany, and Watauga County lines to separate the proposed Appalachian High Country AVA from the adjacent Yadkin Valley AVA (27 CFR 9.174), which has lower elevations. The remainder of the proposed eastern boundary follows the Blue Ridge Parkway to separate the proposed AVA from the Pisgah National Forest, which is unavailable for commercial viticulture due to its status as a National Forest. The proposed southern and southwestern boundaries follow the Mitchell County line, to separate the proposed AVA from the steeper slopes of the Black Mountains. Additionally, the petition states that the phrase ``High Country'' is not commonly used in reference to the region southwest of Mitchell County. A portion of the western boundary follows the 2,000-foot elevation line through Carter County and separates the high elevations of the proposed AVA from the lower elevations to the west. The remainder of the proposed western boundary, along with the proposed northwestern and northern boundary, follows the Johnson and Grayson County lines, to separate the proposed AVA from regions that have shallower slope angles and are not generally referred to as ``High Country.'' Distinguishing Features The distinguishing features of the proposed Appalachian High Country AVA include its topography, climate, and soils. Topography The proposed Appalachian High Country is a mountainous region with high elevations and steep slopes. Elevations range from 1,338 feet to over 6,000 feet, with vineyards planted at elevations between 2,290 and 4,630 feet. According to the petition, 12 of the 21 vineyards within the proposed AVA are located at elevations at or above 3,000 feet. The average slope angle within the proposed AVA is 35.9 degrees, with vineyards planted on slope angles ranging from 9 to 46 degrees. The petition states that 11 of the vineyards within the proposed AVA are planted on slopes with angles of 30 degrees or higher. The following tables compare the elevations and slope angles of the proposed AVA to those of the surrounding areas. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \15\ Elevations calculated using the U.S. Geological Survey's Digital Elevation Models. \16\ Slope angles calculated using the US Geological Survey's Digital Elevation Models. All regions in the survey area have a minimum slope angle of 0 degrees. Table 1--Elevation [in feet] 15 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Region Minimum Maximum Mean ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Proposed AVA.................................................... 1,338 6,259 3,127 Northwest....................................................... 1,069 5,728 2,050 Northeast....................................................... 774 3,960 2,313 Southeast....................................................... 177 5,754 1,012 Southwest....................................................... 961 6,660 2,846 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [[Page 26509]] Table 2--Slope Angle [percent] 16 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Region Maximum Mean ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposed AVA............................ 78.2 35.9 Northwest............................... 78.4 31 Northeast............................... 77.7 28.1 Southeast............................... 82.3 16.9 Southwest............................... 80.1 37.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The data in the tables indicates that the proposed Appalachian High Country AVA has higher minimum and mean elevations than all of the surrounding regions, as well as a maximum elevation that is higher than every region except the region to the southwest, within the Black Mountains. The data also indicates that although some of the surrounding areas have greater maximum slope angles, the proposed AVA has a greater mean slope angle than all of the surrounding regions except the southwestern region. The high elevations and steep slope angles affect viticulture within the proposed Appalachian High Country AVA. Vineyards on the steepest slopes are terraced to reduce erosion. The steep slopes are also unsuitable for large-scale mechanized tilling, harvesting, and spraying. Therefore, instead of planting a single large vineyard, a vineyard owner within the proposed AVA will often plant multiple small vineyards, which can be more easily tended by hand. The high elevations of the proposed AVA expose the vineyards to greater amounts of solar irradiance than that received by lower surrounding regions. The following table shows the minimum, maximum, and mean amount of solar irradiance received in the proposed AVA and the surrounding regions. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \17\ Solar irradiance calculated using ArcGIS software. Table 3--Solar Irradiance [Watt hours per acre] 17 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Region Minimum Maximum Mean ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Proposed AVA.................................................... 18.4 395.4 233.6 Northwest....................................................... 13.7 383.3 221.0 Northeast....................................................... 17.1 329.0 240.0 Southeast....................................................... 9.2 372.7 231.9 Southwest....................................................... 11.3 404.9 219.1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The mean amount of solar irradiance the proposed AVA receives is greater than the amount received in three of the four surrounding areas; only the northeast region receives a higher mean amount of solar irradiance. According to the petition, the high amounts of solar irradiation received in the proposed AVA compensate for the low temperatures and allow grapes to mature successfully within a short growing season. Climate According to the petition, temperatures within the proposed Appalachian High Country AVA are cooler than the surrounding regions. The petition included the following tables that show the average annual and growing season temperatures for the proposed AVA and the surrounding regions. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \18\ Annual climate indices were calculated using the PRISM Spatial Climatic Dataset. The PRISM climate data mapping system combines climate normals gathered from weather stations, along with other factors such as elevation, longitude, slope angles, and solar aspect to estimate the general climate patterns for the proposed AVA and the surrounding regions. Climate normals are only calculated every 10 years, using 30 years of data, and at the time the petition was submitted, the most recent climate normals available were from the period of 1981-2010. Table 4--Average Annual Temperatures [In degrees Fahrenheit] \18\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Location Maximum Minimum Mean ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Proposed AVA.................................................... 62.0 40.9 51.5 Northwest....................................................... 65.9 43.2 54.6 Northeast....................................................... 63.6 42.5 53.1 Southeast....................................................... 70.1 47.1 58.6 Southwest....................................................... 64.9 42.3 53.6 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Table 5--Average Annual Growing Season Temperatures [In degrees Fahrenheit] \19\ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Location Maximum Minimum Mean ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Proposed AVA.................................................... 72.0 50.5 61.3 Northwest....................................................... 76.7 53.1 64.9 [[Page 26510]] Northeast....................................................... 74.2 52.4 63.3 Southeast....................................................... 80.2 57.2 68.7 Southwest....................................................... 74.4 51.7 63.1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The petition also included information on the growing degree days (GDDs),\20\ Winkler regions,\21\ growing season length, and plant hardiness zones of locations both within and outside of the proposed Appalachian High Country AVA. The growing season length, GDDs, and Winkler regions are all based on the 1981-2010 climate normals, which were the most recent climate normals available at the time the petition was submitted. The plant hardiness zone information was gathered from the United States Department of Agriculture's 2012 Plant Hardiness Zone interactive map.\22\ The information is included in the following table. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \19\ Growing season indices were also calculated using the PRISM Spatial Climatic Dataset and climate normal from 1981-2010. ``Growing season'' is defined as the period from April 1-October 31. \20\ In the Winkler climate classification system, annual heat accumulation during the growing season, measured in annual growing degree days (GDDs), defines climatic regions. One GDD accumulates for each degree Fahrenheit that a day's mean temperature is above 50 degrees, the minimum temperature required for grapevine growth. See Albert J. Winkler, General Viticulture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974), pages 61-64. \21\ In the Winkler climate classification system, geographical areas are divided into five climate zones based on growing degree days (GDDs), with Region I being the coolest and Region V being the hottest. The zone ranges are as follows: Region I = 2,500 GDDs or less; Region II = 2,501-3,000 GDDs; Region III = 3,001-3,500 GDDs; Region IV = 3,501-4,000 GDDs; Region V = 4,001 GDDs or more. See Albert J. Winkler, General Viticulture (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974), pages 61-64. \22\ The plant hardiness zone scale is based on average annual minimum winter temperatures, divided into 10-degree Fahrenheit zones ranging from a low of 1 to a high of 13. Each zone is further divided into two 5-degree sub-zones labeled ``a'' and ``b,'' with the ``a'' zone being the colder zone. See www.planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb. Table 6--GDDs, Winkler Regions, Growing Season Length, and Plant Hardiness Zones ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Growing season Location Growing degree Winkler region length (in Plant hardiness zone days days) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Proposed AVA..................... 2,635 I/II............... 139.2 6a/6b (-10 to 0 degrees Fahrenheit). Northwest........................ 3,507 III/IV............. 153.6 6b (-5 to 0 degrees Fahrenheit). Northeast........................ 3,114 III................ 157.3 6b (-5 to 0 degrees Fahrenheit). Southeast........................ 3,762 IV/V............... 161.3 7a/7b (0 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit). Southwest........................ 3,341 III................ 148.3 6b/7a (-5 to 5 degrees Fahrenheit). ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The climate data presented in the three tables shows that the proposed Appalachian High Country AVA is a cool region with a shorter growing season and fewer GDDs than the surrounding regions. According to the petition, the cool climate, small accumulation of GDDs, and short growing season within the proposed viticulture area have an effect on viticulture. For instance, varieties of grapes that require warm temperatures and a long period of time to mature successfully do not grow well within the proposed AVA. Instead, vineyard owners within the proposed AVA choose to plant cold-hardy hybrid varietals of grapes such as Marquette, traminette, seyval blanc, cabernet franc, vidal blanc, and Frontenac. These varieties require less time to reach full maturity and can withstand the colder winter temperatures of the proposed AVA. The petition also notes that the temperatures of the proposed AVA are well-suited for the production of ice wine, which must be produced from grapes that have been naturally frozen on the vine. According to the petition, temperatures within the proposed AVA can easily drop low enough to freeze the mature grapes before they rot. The petition also included information about the average annual and growing season precipitation amounts for the proposed Appalachian High Country AVA and the surrounding areas. The information is included in the following table. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \23\ Data collected using the PRISM Spatial Climate Dataset and the 1981-2010 climate normals. Table 7--Precipitation [In inches] \23\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Average Location Average annual growing season precipitation precipitation ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Proposed AVA............................ 48.6 29.5 Northwest............................... 45.3 27.0 Northeast............................... 46.4 28.6 Southeast............................... 47.2 28.2 Southwest............................... 53.0 30.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ [[Page 26511]] The data shows that the proposed AVA receives more rainfall than all the surrounding regions except the region to the southwest. According to the petition, the high rainfall amounts of the proposed AVA affect viticulture. High rainfall amounts, particularly during the growing season, can promote disease and fungus in grapevines. However, the cold-hardy hybrid varietals prevalent within the proposed AVA have also been bred for disease resistance. Therefore, the petition states, the grapes grown in the proposed AVA are well-suited to withstand both cold and wet climates. Soils The soils of the proposed Appalachian High Country AVA are derived from igneous and metamorphic rocks such as gneiss and granite. The soils are described as well-drained soils with a fine, loamy texture. In environments with high annual precipitation amounts, such as the proposed AVA, well-drained soils help reduce the risk of fungus and rot in grapevines. The petition states that organic matter comprises up to 14 percent of the soils in the proposed AVA, providing an excellent source of nutrients for grapevines. The soils are also considered very deep, with 60 inches or more to bedrock, which provides ample room for root growth. The petition states that there are 26 soil series associations represented within the proposed AVA. Eight of these soil series associations comprise 82 percent of the total soils of the proposed AVA. The following table sets out the eight major soil series associations and the percentage each series makes up of the total proposed AVA soils. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \24\ Source: 2013 USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service Web Soil Survey (www.websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov). Table 8--Major Soil Series Associations Within the Proposed AVA \24\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Percentage of Soil series association total proposed AVA soils ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Tusquitee-Edneyville.................................... 24 Hayesville.............................................. 17 Tate-Maymead-Ditney..................................... 9 Tusquitee-Porters-Fannin-Evard-Brevard-Ashe............. 9 Chester-Ashe............................................ 7 Watauga-Clifton-Chandler................................ 7 Clifton-Chester......................................... 5 Tusquitee-Porters-Codorus-Chester....................... 4 Total............................................... 82 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ The soils of the proposed Appalachian High Country AVA distinguish it from the surrounding regions. According to the petition, two of the eight most prevalent soil series associations within the proposed AVA (Watauga--Clifton--Chandler and Clifton-Chester) are not found in the surrounding regions. Other soil series associations found within the proposed AVA are also found in the regions outside the proposed AVA to the northeast and southwest, but in greater amounts. For example, to the northeast of the proposed AVA, the Hayesville soil series association is the most prevalent soil series association, comprising 43 percent of the soils. By contrast, this soil series association makes up only 17 percent of the soils of the proposed AVA. Two other major soil series associations are prevalent to the northeast of the proposed AVA. The Myersville--Catoctin and the Wallen-Lilly--Drypond-- Dekalb soil series associations comprise 15 and 12 percent of the soils in those regions, respectively. These two soil series associations combined only account for 3 percent of the soils within the proposed AVA. Southwest of the proposed AVA the Chester-Ashe soil series association is the most prevalent association, comprising 27 percent of the soils, compared to only 7 percent of the soils within the proposed AVA. The soil series associations that are most prevalent in the areas southeast and northwest of the proposed AVA are present only in miniscule amounts within the proposed AVA. The most common soil series association in the region to the southeast of the proposed AVA is the Hiwassee--Cecil association, which makes up 30 percent of that region's soils. The region to the northwest of the proposed AVA is dominated by the Frederick--Carbo soil series association, which comprises 22 percent of that region's soils. Summary of Distinguishing Features In summary, the evidence provided in the petition indicates that the geographic features of the proposed Appalachian High Country AVA distinguish it from the surrounding regions in each direction. The following table summarizes the distinguishing features of the proposed AVA and the surrounding regions. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Location Distinguishing features -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Proposed Appalachian High Country AVA.... Elevations between 1,338 and 6,259 feet. Mean slope angle of 35.9 percent. High levels of solar irradiance. Cool Region I/II climate with short growing season. Average annual precipitation total of 48.6 inches. Soils primarily of the Tusquitee--Edneyville soil series association. Northwest................................ Elevations between 1,069 and 5,728 feet. Mean slope angle of 31 percent. Lower levels of solar irradiance. Warm Region III/IV climate with long growing season. Average annual precipitation total of 45.3 inches. Soils primarily of the Frederick--Carbo soil series association. Northeast................................ Elevations between 774 and 3,906 feet. Mean slope angle of 28.1 percent. Lower levels of solar irradiance. Warm Region III climate with long growing season. Average annual precipitation total of 46.4 inches. Soils primarily of the Hayesville soil series association. Southeast................................ Elevations between 177 and 5,754 feet. Mean slope angle of 16.9 percent. Lower levels of solar irradiance. Hot Region IV/V climate with long growing season. [[Page 26512]] Average annual precipitation total of 47.2 inches. Soils primarily of the Hiwassee--Cecil soil series association. Southwest................................ Elevations between 961 and 6,660 feet. Mean slope angle of 37.3 percent. Lower levels of solar irradiance. Warm Region III climate with long growing season. Average annual precipitation total of 53 inches. Soils primarily of the Chester--Ashe soil series association. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TTB Determination TTB concludes that the petition to establish the approximately 2,400-square mile Appalachian High Country AVA merits consideration and public comment, as invited in this proposed rule. Boundary Description See the narrative description of the boundary of the petitioned-for AVA in the proposed regulatory text published at the end of this proposed rule. Maps The petitioner provided the required maps, and they are listed below in the proposed regulatory text. Impact on Current Wine Labels Part 4 of the TTB regulations prohibits any label reference on a wine that indicates or implies an origin other than the wine's true place of origin. For a wine to be labeled with an AVA name, at least 85 percent of the wine must be derived from grapes grown within the area represented by that name, and the wine must meet the other conditions listed in Sec. 4.25(e)(3) of the TTB regulations (27 CFR 4.25(e)(3)). If the wine is not eligible for labeling with an AVA name and that name appears in the brand name, then the label is not in compliance and the bottler must change the brand name and obtain approval of a new label. Similarly, if the AVA name appears in another reference on the label in a misleading manner, the bottler would have to obtain approval of a new label. Different rules apply if a wine has a brand name containing an AVA name that was used as a brand name on a label approved before July 7, 1986. See Sec. 4.39(i)(2) of the TTB regulations (27 CFR 4.39(i)(2)) for details. If TTB establishes this proposed AVA, its name, ``Appalachian High Country,'' will be recognized as a name of viticultural significance under Sec. 4.39(i)(3) of the TTB regulations (27 CFR 4.39(i)(3)). The text of the proposed regulation clarifies this point. Consequently, if this proposed rule is adopted as a final rule, wine bottlers using the name ``Appalachian High Country'' in a brand name, including a trademark, or in another label reference as to the origin of the wine, would have to ensure that the product is eligible to use the AVA name as an appellation of origin. Public Participation Comments Invited TTB invites comments from interested members of the public on whether it should establish the proposed AVA. TTB is also interested in receiving comments on the sufficiency and accuracy of the name, boundary, soils, climate, and other required information submitted in support of the petition. Please provide any available specific information in support of your comments. Because of the potential impact of the establishment of the proposed Appalachian High Country AVA on wine labels that include the term ``Appalachian High Country,'' as discussed above under Impact on Current Wine Labels, TTB is particularly interested in comments regarding whether there will be a conflict between the proposed area name and currently used brand names. If a commenter believes that a conflict will arise, the comment should describe the nature of that conflict, including any anticipated negative economic impact that approval of the proposed AVA will have on an existing viticultural enterprise. TTB is also interested in receiving suggestions for ways to avoid conflicts, for example, by adopting a modified or different name for the AVA. Submitting Comments You may submit comments on this proposed rule by using one of the following three methods (please note that TTB has a new address for comments submitted by U.S. Mail): Federal e-Rulemaking Portal: You may send comments via the online comment form posted with this proposed rule within Docket No. TTB-2016-0003 on ``Regulations.gov,'' the Federal e-rulemaking portal, at https://www.regulations.gov. A direct link to that docket is available under Notice No. 158 on the TTB Web site at https://www.ttb.gov/wine/wine-rulemaking.shtml. Supplemental files may be attached to comments submitted via Regulations.gov. For complete instructions on how to use Regulations.gov, visit the site and click on the ``Help'' tab. U.S. Mail: You may send comments via postal mail to the Director, Regulations and Rulings Division, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, 1310 G Street NW., Box 12, Washington, DC 20005. Hand Delivery/Courier: You may hand-carry your comments or have them hand-carried to the Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, 1310 G Street NW., Suite 400, Washington, DC 20005. Please submit your comments by the closing date shown above in this proposed rule. Your comments must reference Notice No. 158 and include your name and mailing address. Your comments also must be made in English, be legible, and be written in language acceptable for public disclosure. TTB does not acknowledge receipt of comments, and TTB considers all comments as originals. In your comment, please clearly indicate if you are commenting on your own behalf or on behalf of an association, business, or other entity. If you are commenting on behalf of an entity, your comment must include the entity's name, as well as your name and position title. If you comment via Regulations.gov, please enter the entity's name in the ``Organization'' blank of the online comment form. If you comment via postal mail or hand delivery/courier, please submit your entity's comment on letterhead. You may also write to the Administrator before the comment closing date to ask for a public hearing. The Administrator reserves the right to determine whether to hold a public hearing. Confidentiality All submitted comments and attachments are part of the public record and subject to disclosure. Do not enclose any material in your comments that you consider to be confidential or inappropriate for public disclosure. [[Page 26513]] Public Disclosure TTB will post, and you may view, copies of this proposed rule, selected supporting materials, and any online or mailed comments received about this proposal within Docket No. TTB-2016-0003 on the Federal e-rulemaking portal, Regulations.gov, at https://www.regulations.gov. A direct link to that docket is available on the TTB Web site at https://www.ttb.gov/wine/wine-rulemaking.shtml under Notice No. 158. You may also reach the relevant docket through the Regulations.gov search page at https://www.regulations.gov. For information on how to use Regulations.gov, click on the site's ``Help'' tab. All posted comments will display the commenter's name, organization (if any), city, and State, and, in the case of mailed comments, all address information, including email addresses. TTB may omit voluminous attachments or material that the Bureau considers unsuitable for posting. You may also view copies of this proposed rule, all related petitions, maps and other supporting materials, and any electronic or mailed comments that TTB receives about this proposal by appointment at the TTB Information Resource Center, 1310 G Street NW., Washington, DC 20005. You may also obtain copies at 20 cents per 8.5- x 11-inch page. Please note that TTB is unable to provide copies of USGS maps or any similarly-sized documents that may be included as part of the AVA petition. Contact TTB's information specialist at the above address or by telephone at 202-453-2265 to schedule an appointment or to request copies of comments or other materials. Regulatory Flexibility Act TTB certifies that this proposed regulation, if adopted, would not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. The proposed regulation imposes no new reporting, recordkeeping, or other administrative requirement. Any benefit derived from the use of an AVA name would be the result of a proprietor's efforts and consumer acceptance of wines from that area. Therefore, no regulatory flexibility analysis is required. Executive Order 12866 It has been determined that this proposed rule is not a significant regulatory action as defined by Executive Order 12866 of September 30, 1993. Therefore, no regulatory assessment is required. Drafting Information Karen A. Thornton of the Regulations and Rulings Division drafted this proposed rule. List of Subjects in 27 CFR Part 9 Wine. Proposed Regulatory Amendment For the reasons discussed in the preamble, TTB proposes to amend title 27, chapter I, part 9, Code of Federal Regulations, as follows: PART 9--AMERICAN VITICULTURAL AREAS 0 1. The authority citation for part 9 continues to read as follows: Authority: 27 U.S.C. 205. Subpart C--Approved American Viticultural Areas 0 2. Subpart C is amended by adding Sec. 9.__to read as follows: Sec. 9. Appalachian High Country. (a) Name. The name of the viticultural area described in this section is ``Appalachian High Country''. For purposes of part 4 of this chapter, ``Appalachian High Country'' is a term of viticultural significance. (b) Approved maps. The 46 United States Geological Survey (USGS) 1:24,000 scale topographic maps used to determine the boundary of the Appalachian High Country viticultural area are titled: (1) Unicoi, Tenn.--N.C, 1939; photorevised 1978; (2) Iron Mountain gap, Tenn.--N.C., 1960; photorevised 1968; (3) Johnson City, Tenn., 1959; photorevised 1968; (4) Elizabethton, Tenn., 1959; photorevised 1968; (5) Watauga Dam, Tenn., 1960; (6) Carter, Tenn., 1938; photorevised 1969; (7) Keenburg, Tenn., 1960; (8) Doe, Tenn., 1938; photorevised 1969; (9) Shady Valley, Tenn.--VA., 1960; photorevised 1970; photoinspected 1988; (10) Laurel Bloomery, Tenn.--VA., 1938; photorevised 1969; (11) Grayson, Tenn.--N.C.--VA., 1959; photoinspected 1976; (12) Park, N.C.--VA., 1959; photorevised 1978; (13) Whitetop Mountain, VA., 1959; photorevised 1978; (14) Trout Dale, VA., 1959; photorevised 1978; photoinspected 1988; (15) Middle Fox Creek, VA., 1959; photoinspected 1988; (16) Cedar Springs, VA., 1959; photorevised 1978; photoinspected 1988; (17) Speedwell, VA., 1968; photorevised 1979; (18) Cripple Creek, VA., 1968; photoinspected 1988; (19) Austinville, VA., 1965; photorevised 1979; photoinspected 1982; (20) Galax, VA., 1965; photorevised 1984; (21) Cumberland Knob, N.C.--VA., 1965; photorevised 1977; (22) Lambsburg, VA.--N.C., 1965; photorevised 1977; (23) Roaring Gap, N.C., 1971; (24) Glade Valley, N.C., 1968; (25) Traphill, N.C., 1968; (26) Whitehead, N.C., 1968; (27) McGrady, N.C., 1968; photoinspected 1984; (28) Horse Gap, N.C., 1968; (29) Laurel Springs, N.C., 1968; (30) Glendale Springs, N.C., 1967; (31) Maple Springs, N.C., 1966; (32) Deep Gap, N.C., 1967; (33) Buffalo Cove, N.C., 1967; (34) Globe, N.C., 1959; (35) Grandfather Mountain, N.C., 1960; photorevised 1978; (36) Newland, N.C., 1960; photorevised 1978; (37) Linville Falls, N.C., 1994; (38) Ashford, N.C., 1994; (39) Little Switzerland, N.C., 1994; (40) Spruce Pine, N.C., 1994; (41) Celo, N.C., 1994; (42) Micaville, N.C., 1960; photorevised 1978; (43) Bakersville, N.C.,--Tenn., 1960; photorevised 1978; (44) Burnsville, N.C., 1998; (45) Huntdale, N.C.--Tenn., 1939; and (46) Chestoa, Tenn.--N.C., 1939; photorevised 1978. (c) Boundary. The Appalachian High Country viticultural area is located in all or portions of Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Mitchell, and Watauga Counties in North Carolina; Carter and Johnson Counties in Tennessee; and Grayson County in Virginia. The boundary of the Appalachian High Country viticultural area is as described below: (1) The beginning point is on the Unicoi map, at the point where the Unicoi/Mitchell County line intersects with an unnamed road known locally as Unaka Mountain Road near Beauty Spot Gap, Tennessee. From the beginning point, proceed northeasterly approximately 7.3 miles along the Unicoi/Mitchell County line, crossing onto the Iron Mountain Gap map, to the intersection of the Unicoi/Mitchell County line with the Carter County line; then (2) Proceed northerly along the Unicoi/Carter County line [[Page 26514]] approximately 9.3 miles, crossing back onto the Unicoi map and then onto the Johnson City map, to the intersection of the Unicoi/Carter County line with the 2,000-foot elevation contour, southeast of an unnamed road known locally as Whispering Pine Road; then (3) Proceed southeasterly along the meandering 2,000-foot elevation contour, crossing onto the Unicoi map and then back onto the Johnson City map, and continuing onto the Elizabethton map for approximately 19 miles to the intersection of the elevation contour with an unnamed road known locally as Brimer Road near Bremer Hollow; then (4) Proceed northwesterly approximately 1,500 feet along Brimer Road to an unnamed road known locally as Jenkins Hollow Road; then (5) Proceed easterly approximately 1.4 miles along Jenkins Hollow Road, crossing the Doe River, to U.S. Route 321 in the town of Valley Forge, Tennessee; then (6) Proceed north approximately 400 feet along U.S. Route 321 to an unnamed road known locally as Ruby Harmon Road; then (7) Proceed northeasterly approximately 360 feet along Ruby Harmon Road to an unnamed road known locally as Nanny Goat Hill Road; then (8) Proceed easterly approximately 0.2 mile along Nanny Goat Hill Road to the 1,800-foot elevation contour, east of an unnamed road known locally as Gene Mathes Road; then (9) Proceed northeasterly approximately 0.4 mile along the 1,800- foot elevation contour to an unnamed road known locally as Franklin Lane; then (10) Proceed southerly approximately 0.3 mile along Franklin Lane to the 2,000-foot elevation contour; then (11) Proceed northeasterly along the meandering 2,000-foot elevation contour, crossing over Hardin Branch, Clover Branch, South Pierce Branch, and North Pierce Branch, to a fifth, unnamed stream; then (12) Proceed northerly approximately 0.47 mile along the unnamed stream to an unnamed road known locally as Wilbur Dam Road; then (13) Proceed southeasterly approximately 0.25 mile along Wilbur Dam Road to Wilbur Dam; then (14) Proceed northeasterly across Wilbur Dam to the marked transmission line; then (15) Proceed northerly approximately 0.5 mile along the transmission line to the 2,000-foot elevation contour; then (16) Proceed northeasterly approximately 19 miles along the meandering 2,000-foot elevation contour, crossing over the Watauga Dam map and onto the Carter map, and continuing along the 2,000-foot elevation contour as it crosses over State Route 91 near Sadie, Tennessee, and turns southwesterly, and continuing southwesterly for approximately 22.2 miles along the 2,000-foot elevation contour, crossing onto the Keenburg map and circling Carter Knob, to the intersection of the 2,000-foot elevation contour with the Carter/ Sullivan County line; then (17) Proceed southeasterly, then northeasterly, approximately 7 miles along the Carter/Sullivan County line to an unnamed road known locally as National Forest Road 56, near Low Gap, Tennessee; then (18) Proceed easterly approximately 0.75 miles along National Forest Road 56, crossing onto the Carter map, to the Carter/Sullivan County line; then (19) Proceed easterly approximately 10.4 miles along the Carter/ Sullivan County line, crossing over the Doe map (northwestern corner) and onto the Shady Valley Map, to the intersection of the Carter/ Sullivan County line with the Johnson County line at Rich Knob, Tennessee; then (20) Proceed northeasterly approximately 13.4 miles along the Johnson/Sullivan County line, crossing onto the Laurel Bloomery map, to the intersection of the Johnson/Sullivan County line with the Washington County line at the Virginia/Tennessee State line; then (21) Proceed easterly approximately 10 miles along the Johnson/ Washington County line, crossing onto the Grayson map, to the intersection of the Johnson/Washington County line with the Grayson County line; then (22) Proceed east, then northeasterly, then southeasterly, along the Grayson County line, crossing over the Park, Whitetop Mountain, Trout Dale, Middle Fox Creek, Cedar Springs, Speedwell, Cripple Creek, Austinville, Galax, and Cumberland Knob maps and onto the Lambsburg map, to the intersection of the Grayson County line with the Surry County line and an unnamed road known locally as Fisher's Peak Road, at the Virginia/North Carolina State line; then (23) Proceed west along the Grayson/Surry County line, crossing back onto the Cumberland Knob map, to Alleghany County line; then (24) Proceed southerly, then northwesterly, then southwesterly along the Alleghany County line, crossing over the Roaring Gap, Glade Valley, Traphill (northeastern corner), Whitehead, McGrady (northwestern corner), Horse Gap, and Laurel Springs map, then back onto the Horse Gap map and continuing along the Alleghany County line on the Horse Gap map to the Ashe/Wilkes County line at Mulberry Gap, North Carolina; then (25) Proceed westerly, then southwesterly along the Ashe/Wilkes County line, crossing over the Glendale Springs and onto the Maple Springs map, then back onto the Glendale Springs map, then back onto the Maple Springs map, and continuing along the Ashe/Wilkes County line on the Maple Springs map to the intersection of the Ashe/Wilkes County line and the Watauga County line at Thomkins Knob, North Carolina; then (26) Proceed southwesterly along the Watauga/Wilkes County line, crossing over the Deep Gap map (southeastern corner) and onto the Buffalo Cove map, to the intersection of the Watauga/Wilkes County line and the Caldwell County line at White Rock Mountain, North Carolina; then (27) Proceed west along the Watauga/Caldwell County line, crossing over the Globe map and onto the Grandfather Mountain map, to the intersection of the Watauga/Caldwell County line with the Avery County line at Calloway Peak, North Carolina; then (28) Proceed southeasterly approximately 1.8 miles along the Caldwell/Avery County line to the boundary of the Blue Ridge Parkway at Pilot Knob, North Carolina; then (29) Proceed southwesterly approximately 11.6 miles along the Blue Ridge Parkway boundary, crossing over the Newland map (southeastern corner) and onto the Linville Falls map, to the intersection of the parkway boundary with the Avery/Burke County line; then (30) Proceed northwesterly, then southwesterly, for a total of approximately 4.2 miles along the Avery/Burke County line to the McDowell County line; then (31) Proceed southerly approximately 5 miles along the Avery/ McDowell County line to the Mitchell County line; then (32) Proceed southerly, then southwesterly, along the McDowell/ Mitchell County line, crossing over the Ashford (northwestern corner) and Little Switzerland (northeastern corner) maps and onto the Spruce Pine map, then back onto the Little Switzerland map and continuing along the McDowell/Mitchell County line, crossing onto the Celo map, to the intersection of the McDowell/Mitchell County line with the Yancey County line; then (33) Proceed west then northerly along the Mitchell/Yancey County line, [[Page 26515]] crossing over the Micaville, Bakersville, Huntdale (southeastern corner), and Burnsville maps, then back onto the Huntdale map and continuing along the Mitchell/Yancy County line, crossing onto the Chestoa map, to the intersection of the Mitchell/Yancey County line with the Mitchell/Unicoi County line, which is concurrent with the Tennessee/North Carolina State line; then (34) Proceed northeasterly along the Mitchell/Unicoi County line, crossing back over the Huntsdale (northwestern corner) map and onto the Unicoi map, and returning to the beginning point. Signed: April 25, 2016. Mary G. Ryan, Deputy Administrator. [FR Doc. 2016-10291 Filed 5-2-16; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4810-31-P
![Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 85 / Tuesday, May 3, 2016 / Proposed Rules 26507
DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Rulings Division, Alcohol and Tobacco purchase. Establishment of an AVA is
Tax and Trade Bureau, 1310 G Street neither an approval nor an endorsement
Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade NW., Box 12, Washington, DC 20005; by TTB of the wine produced in that
Bureau phone 202–453–1039, ext. 175. area.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
27 CFR Part 9 Requirements
Background on Viticultural Areas
[Docket No. TTB–2016–0003; Notice No. Section 4.25(e)(2) of the TTB
158] TTB Authority regulations (27 CFR 4.25(e)(2)) outlines
Section 105(e) of the Federal Alcohol the procedure for proposing an AVA
RIN 1513–AC25 and provides that any interested party
Administration Act (FAA Act), 27
Proposed Establishment of the U.S.C. 205(e), authorizes the Secretary may petition TTB to establish a grape-
Appalachian High Country Viticultural of the Treasury to prescribe regulations growing region as an AVA. Section 9.12
Area for the labeling of wine, distilled spirits, of the TTB regulations (27 CFR 9.12)
and malt beverages. The FAA Act prescribes standards for petitions for the
AGENCY: Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and provides that these regulations should, establishment or modification of AVAs.
Trade Bureau, Treasury. among other things, prohibit consumer Petitions to establish an AVA must
ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking. deception and the use of misleading include the following:
statements on labels and ensure that • Evidence that the area within the
SUMMARY: The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax proposed AVA boundary is nationally
and Trade Bureau (TTB) proposes to labels provide the consumer with
adequate information as to the identity or locally known by the AVA name
establish the approximately 2,400- specified in the petition;
square mile ‘‘Appalachian High and quality of the product. The Alcohol
Country’’ viticultural area in all or and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau • An explanation of the basis for
portions of the following counties: (TTB) administers the FAA Act defining the boundary of the proposed
Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Mitchell, and pursuant to section 1111(d) of the AVA;
Watauga Counties in North Carolina; Homeland Security Act of 2002, • A narrative description of the
Carter and Johnson Counties in codified at 6 U.S.C. 531(d). The features of the proposed AVA affecting
Tennessee; and Grayson County in Secretary has delegated various viticulture, such as climate, geology,
Virginia. The proposed viticultural area authorities through Treasury soils, physical features, and elevation,
does not lie within, nor does it contain, Department Order 120–01, dated that make the proposed AVA distinctive
any other established viticultural area. December 10, 2013 (superseding and distinguish it from adjacent areas
TTB designates viticultural areas to Treasury Department Order 120–01, outside the proposed AVA boundary;
allow vintners to better describe the (Revised), ‘‘Alcohol and Tobacco Tax • The appropriate United States
origin of their wines and to allow and Trade Bureau,’’ dated January 24, Geological Survey (USGS) map(s)
consumers to better identify wines they 2003), to the TTB Administrator to showing the location of the proposed
may purchase. TTB invites comments perform the functions and duties in the AVA, with the boundary of the
on this proposed addition to its administration and enforcement of these proposed AVA clearly drawn thereon;
regulations. provisions. and
Part 4 of the TTB regulations (27 CFR
DATES: Comments must be received by part 4) authorizes TTB to establish • A detailed narrative description of
July 5, 2016. definitive viticultural areas and regulate the proposed AVA boundary based on
ADDRESSES: Please send your comments the use of their names as appellations of USGS map markings.
on this proposed rule to one of the origin on wine labels and in wine Appalachian High Country Petition
following addresses (please note that advertisements. Part 9 of the TTB
TTB has a new address for comments regulations (27 CFR part 9) sets forth the TTB received a petition from Johnnie
submitted by U.S. mail): standards for the preparation and James, owner of Bethel Valley Farms, on
• Internet: https:// submission of petitions for the behalf of members of the High Country
www.regulations.gov (via the online establishment or modification of Wine Growers Association, proposing to
comment form for this proposed rule as American viticultural areas (AVAs) and establish the approximately 2,400-
posted within Docket No. TTB–2016– lists the approved AVAs. square mile ‘‘Appalachian High
0003 at ‘‘Regulations.gov,’’ the Federal Country’’ AVA. Twenty-one commercial
e-rulemaking portal); Definition vineyards, covering approximately 71
• U.S. Mail: Director, Regulations and Section 4.25(e)(1)(i) of the TTB acres, are distributed across the
Rulings Division, Alcohol and Tobacco regulations (27 CFR 4.25(e)(1)(i)) defines proposed AVA. According to the
Tax and Trade Bureau, 1310 G Street a viticultural area for American wine as petition, an additional 8 vineyards
NW., Box 12, Washington, DC 20005; or a delimited grape-growing region having comprising approximately 37 acres are
• Hand delivery/courier in lieu of distinguishing features, as described in planned in the near future. There are
mail: Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and part 9 of the regulations, and a name also 10 bonded wineries within the
Trade Bureau, 1310 G Street NW., Suite and a delineated boundary, as proposed AVA.
400, Washington, DC 20005. established in part 9 of the regulations. The distinguishing features of the
asabaliauskas on DSK9F6TC42PROD with PROPOSALS
See the Public Participation section of These designations allow vintners and proposed Appalachian High Country
this proposed rule for specific consumers to attribute a given quality, AVA include its topography, climate,
instructions and requirements for reputation, or other characteristic of a and soils. Unless otherwise noted, all
submitting comments, and for wine made from grapes grown in an area information and data pertaining to the
information on how to request a public to the wine’s geographic origin. The proposed AVA contained in this
hearing or view or request copies of the establishment of AVAs allows vintners proposed rule come from the petition
petition and supporting materials. to describe more accurately the origin of for the proposed Appalachian High
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: their wines to consumers and helps Country AVA and its supporting
Karen A. Thornton, Regulations and consumers to identify wines they may exhibits.
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![26508 Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 85 / Tuesday, May 3, 2016 / Proposed Rules
Name Evidence Drywall 10 in Laurel Springs, North southwestern boundaries follow the
Carolina (Alleghany County). Mitchell County line, to separate the
The region of the proposed The petition also included a listing of proposed AVA from the steeper slopes
Appalachian High Country AVA is often over 40 additional businesses and of the Black Mountains. Additionally,
referred to as the ‘‘High Country’’ organizations that routinely use the the petition states that the phrase ‘‘High
because of its high elevations, which, phrase ‘‘High Country’’ in their printed Country’’ is not commonly used in
according to the petition, are considered or radio advertisements. For example, reference to the region southwest of
to be the highest average elevations east Boone Drug, which has locations in all Mitchell County. A portion of the
of the Mississippi River. The High of the Tennessee and North Carolina western boundary follows the 2,000-foot
Country Wine Growers Association counties within the proposed AVA, elevation line through Carter County
chose to add ‘‘Appalachian’’ to the advertises that the pharmacy chain was and separates the high elevations of the
proposed AVA name as a reference to established in 1919 and ‘‘has proudly proposed AVA from the lower
the proposed AVA’s location within the been serving the High Country ever elevations to the west. The remainder of
Appalachian Mountains, as well as to since * * *.’’ 11 Prospect Hill Bed and the proposed western boundary, along
distinguish the proposed AVA from Breakfast, located in Mountain City, with the proposed northwestern and
other regions across the country that are Tennessee and also within the proposed northern boundary, follows the Johnson
also referred to as ‘‘High Country.’’ AVA, invites guests to ‘‘enjoy the and Grayson County lines, to separate
wonders of the Appalachian High the proposed AVA from regions that
The petition included evidence that Country.’’ 12 Red Tail Mountain Resort have shallower slope angles and are not
the phrase ‘‘High Country’’ applies to and Golf, which is also located in generally referred to as ‘‘High Country.’’
the region of the proposed AVA. Several Mountain City, Tennessee, advertises
tourism Web sites that feature the region itself as ‘‘the finest mountain golf in the Distinguishing Features
of the proposed AVA include the phrase High Country.’’ 13 Finally, Appalachian
‘‘High Country’’ in their names, The distinguishing features of the
Blinds and Closet Company, located in
proposed Appalachian High Country
including High Country Host,1 High Boone, North Carolina, is advertised as
AVA include its topography, climate,
Country Journey,2 and GO NC High the ‘‘High Country’s one-stop shop’’ for
and soils.
Country.3 The High Country Council of home decorating needs.14
Governments 4 is a planning and Topography
Boundary Evidence
development association comprised of
The proposed Appalachian High The proposed Appalachian High
county and municipal governments in
Country AVA includes all or portions of Country is a mountainous region with
northwestern North Carolina, including
Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Mitchell, and high elevations and steep slopes.
Alleghany, Ashe, Avery, Mitchell, and
Watauga Counties in North Carolina; Elevations range from 1,338 feet to over
Watauga Counties. The petition also 6,000 feet, with vineyards planted at
Carter and Johnson Counties in
included a listing of over 100 businesses elevations between 2,290 and 4,630 feet.
Tennessee; and Grayson County in
and organizations within the proposed According to the petition, 12 of the 21
Virginia. A portion of the proposed
AVA that use the phrase ‘‘High eastern boundary follows the Ashe, vineyards within the proposed AVA are
Country’’ in their names, including High Alleghany, and Watauga County lines to located at elevations at or above 3,000
Country Wedding and Event separate the proposed Appalachian feet. The average slope angle within the
Coordinators 5 in Butler, Tennessee High Country AVA from the adjacent proposed AVA is 35.9 degrees, with
(Johnson County); High Country Horse Yadkin Valley AVA (27 CFR 9.174), vineyards planted on slope angles
Camp 6 in Troutdale, Virginia (Grayson which has lower elevations. The ranging from 9 to 46 degrees. The
County); High Country Bottling remainder of the proposed eastern petition states that 11 of the vineyards
Company 7 in West Jefferson, North boundary follows the Blue Ridge within the proposed AVA are planted
Carolina (Ashe County); High Country Parkway to separate the proposed AVA on slopes with angles of 30 degrees or
Hearth and Chimney 8 in Banner Elk, from the Pisgah National Forest, which higher. The following tables compare
North Carolina (Avery County); High is unavailable for commercial the elevations and slope angles of the
Country Academy Tutoring Service 9 viticulture due to its status as a National proposed AVA to those of the
(Watauga County); and High Country Forest. The proposed southern and surrounding areas.
TABLE 1—ELEVATION
[in feet] 15
Region Minimum Maximum Mean
Proposed AVA ............................................................................................................................. 1,338 6,259 3,127
Northwest ..................................................................................................................................... 1,069 5,728 2,050
Northeast ..................................................................................................................................... 774 3,960 2,313
Southeast ..................................................................................................................................... 177 5,754 1,012
Southwest .................................................................................................................................... 961 6,660 2,846
asabaliauskas on DSK9F6TC42PROD with PROPOSALS
1 www.highcountryhost.com. 8 www.highcountryhearth.com. 15 Elevations calculated using the U.S. Geological
2 www.highcountryjourney.com. 9 www.highcountryacademync.com. Survey’s Digital Elevation Models.
3 www.youtube./user/GoNCHighCountry. 10 No Web site available. 16 Slope angles calculated using the US
4 www.regiond.org. 11 www.boonedrug.com.
Geological Survey’s Digital Elevation Models. All
5 www.highcountryweddingplanners.com. 12 www.prospect-hill.com/activities.
regions in the survey area have a minimum slope
6 www.highcountryhorsecampva.net. 13 www.redtailmountain.com.
angle of 0 degrees.
7 www.highcountrywater.com. 14 www.appblinds.com.
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![Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 85 / Tuesday, May 3, 2016 / Proposed Rules 26509
TABLE 2—SLOPE ANGLE
[percent] 16
Region Maximum Mean
Proposed AVA ......................................................................................................................................................... 78.2 35.9
Northwest ................................................................................................................................................................. 78.4 31
Northeast ................................................................................................................................................................. 77.7 28.1
Southeast ................................................................................................................................................................. 82.3 16.9
Southwest ................................................................................................................................................................ 80.1 37.3
The data in the tables indicates that than all of the surrounding regions often plant multiple small vineyards,
the proposed Appalachian High Country except the southwestern region. which can be more easily tended by
AVA has higher minimum and mean The high elevations and steep slope hand.
elevations than all of the surrounding angles affect viticulture within the The high elevations of the proposed
regions, as well as a maximum elevation proposed Appalachian High Country AVA expose the vineyards to greater
that is higher than every region except AVA. Vineyards on the steepest slopes amounts of solar irradiance than that
the region to the southwest, within the are terraced to reduce erosion. The steep received by lower surrounding regions.
Black Mountains. The data also slopes are also unsuitable for large-scale The following table shows the
indicates that although some of the mechanized tilling, harvesting, and minimum, maximum, and mean amount
surrounding areas have greater spraying. Therefore, instead of planting of solar irradiance received in the
maximum slope angles, the proposed a single large vineyard, a vineyard proposed AVA and the
AVA has a greater mean slope angle owner within the proposed AVA will surroundingregions.
TABLE 3—SOLAR IRRADIANCE
[Watt hours per acre] 17
Region Minimum Maximum Mean
Proposed AVA ............................................................................................................................. 18.4 395.4 233.6
Northwest ..................................................................................................................................... 13.7 383.3 221.0
Northeast ..................................................................................................................................... 17.1 329.0 240.0
Southeast ..................................................................................................................................... 9.2 372.7 231.9
Southwest .................................................................................................................................... 11.3 404.9 219.1
The mean amount of solar irradiance AVA compensate for the low Appalachian High Country AVA are
the proposed AVA receives is greater temperatures and allow grapes to cooler than the surrounding regions.
than the amount received in three of the mature successfully within a short The petition included the following
four surrounding areas; only the growing season. tables that show the average annual and
northeast region receives a higher mean growing season temperatures for the
Climate
amount of solar irradiance. According to proposed AVA and the surrounding
the petition, the high amounts of solar According to the petition, regions.
irradiation received in the proposed temperatures within the proposed
TABLE 4—AVERAGE ANNUAL TEMPERATURES
[In degrees Fahrenheit] 18
Location Maximum Minimum Mean
Proposed AVA ............................................................................................................................. 62.0 40.9 51.5
Northwest ..................................................................................................................................... 65.9 43.2 54.6
Northeast ..................................................................................................................................... 63.6 42.5 53.1
Southeast ..................................................................................................................................... 70.1 47.1 58.6
Southwest .................................................................................................................................... 64.9 42.3 53.6
TABLE 5—AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWING SEASON TEMPERATURES
[In degrees Fahrenheit] 19
asabaliauskas on DSK9F6TC42PROD with PROPOSALS
Location Maximum Minimum Mean
Proposed AVA ............................................................................................................................. 72.0 50.5 61.3
Northwest ..................................................................................................................................... 76.7 53.1 64.9
17 Solar irradiance calculated using ArcGIS normals gathered from weather stations, along with calculated every 10 years, using 30 years of data,
software. other factors such as elevation, longitude, slope and at the time the petition was submitted, the most
18 Annual climate indices were calculated using angles, and solar aspect to estimate the general recent climate normals available were from the
the PRISM Spatial Climatic Dataset. The PRISM climate patterns for the proposed AVA and the period of 1981–2010.
climate data mapping system combines climate surrounding regions. Climate normals are only
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![26510 Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 85 / Tuesday, May 3, 2016 / Proposed Rules
TABLE 5—AVERAGE ANNUAL GROWING SEASON TEMPERATURES—Continued
[In degrees Fahrenheit] 19
Location Maximum Minimum Mean
Northeast ..................................................................................................................................... 74.2 52.4 63.3
Southeast ..................................................................................................................................... 80.2 57.2 68.7
Southwest .................................................................................................................................... 74.4 51.7 63.1
The petition also included High Country AVA. The growing season hardiness zone information was
information on the growing degree days length, GDDs, and Winkler regions are gathered from the United States
(GDDs),20 Winkler regions,21 growing all based on the 1981–2010 climate Department of Agriculture’s 2012 Plant
season length, and plant hardiness normals, which were the most recent Hardiness Zone interactive map.22 The
zones of locations both within and climate normals available at the time the information is included in the following
outside of the proposed Appalachian petition was submitted. The plant table.
TABLE 6—GDDS, WINKLER REGIONS, GROWING SEASON LENGTH, AND PLANT HARDINESS ZONES
Growing
Growing season
Location Winkler region Plant hardiness zone
degree days length
(in days)
Proposed AVA .................. 2,635 I/II ..................................... 139.2 6a/6b (¥10 to 0 degrees Fahrenheit).
Northwest .......................... 3,507 III/IV ................................. 153.6 6b (¥5 to 0 degrees Fahrenheit).
Northeast ........................... 3,114 III ...................................... 157.3 6b (¥5 to 0 degrees Fahrenheit).
Southeast .......................... 3,762 IV/V .................................. 161.3 7a/7b (0 to 10 degrees Fahrenheit).
Southwest ......................... 3,341 III ...................................... 148.3 6b/7a (¥5 to 5 degrees Fahrenheit).
The climate data presented in the successfully do not grow well within wine, which must be produced from
three tables shows that the proposed the proposed AVA. Instead, vineyard grapes that have been naturally frozen
Appalachian High Country AVA is a owners within the proposed AVA on the vine. According to the petition,
cool region with a shorter growing choose to plant cold-hardy hybrid temperatures within the proposed AVA
season and fewer GDDs than the varietals of grapes such as Marquette, can easily drop low enough to freeze the
surrounding regions. According to the traminette, seyval blanc, cabernet franc, mature grapes before they rot.
petition, the cool climate, small vidal blanc, and Frontenac. These The petition also included
accumulation of GDDs, and short varieties require less time to reach full information about the average annual
growing season within the proposed maturity and can withstand the colder and growing season precipitation
viticulture area have an effect on winter temperatures of the proposed amounts for the proposed Appalachian
viticulture. For instance, varieties of AVA. The petition also notes that the High Country AVA and the surrounding
grapes that require warm temperatures temperatures of the proposed AVA are areas. The information is included in
and a long period of time to mature well-suited for the production of ice the following table.
TABLE 7—PRECIPITATION
[In inches] 23
Average
Average growing
Location annual season
precipitation precipitation
Proposed AVA ......................................................................................................................................................... 48.6 29.5
Northwest ................................................................................................................................................................. 45.3 27.0
Northeast ................................................................................................................................................................. 46.4 28.6
Southeast ................................................................................................................................................................. 47.2 28.2
Southwest ................................................................................................................................................................ 53.0 30.9
asabaliauskas on DSK9F6TC42PROD with PROPOSALS
19 Growing season indices were also calculated growth. See Albert J. Winkler, General Viticulture Albert J. Winkler, General Viticulture (Berkeley:
using the PRISM Spatial Climatic Dataset and (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974), University of California Press, 1974), pages 61–64.
climate normal from 1981–2010. ‘‘Growing season’’ pages 61–64. 22 The plant hardiness zone scale is based on
is defined as the period from April 1–October 31. 21 In the Winkler climate classification system, average annual minimum winter temperatures,
20 In the Winkler climate classification system, geographical areas are divided into five climate divided into 10-degree Fahrenheit zones ranging
annual heat accumulation during the growing zones based on growing degree days (GDDs), with from a low of 1 to a high of 13. Each zone is further
season, measured in annual growing degree days Region I being the coolest and Region V being the divided into two 5-degree sub-zones labeled ‘‘a’’
(GDDs), defines climatic regions. One GDD hottest. The zone ranges are as follows: Region I = and ‘‘b,’’ with the ‘‘a’’ zone being the colder zone.
accumulates for each degree Fahrenheit that a day’s 2,500 GDDs or less; Region II = 2,501–3,000 GDDs; See www.planthardiness.ars.usda.gov/PHZMWeb.
mean temperature is above 50 degrees, the Region III = 3,001–3,500 GDDs; Region IV = 3,501– 23 Data collected using the PRISM Spatial Climate
minimum temperature required for grapevine 4,000 GDDs; Region V = 4,001 GDDs or more. See Dataset and the 1981–2010 climate normals.
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![Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 85 / Tuesday, May 3, 2016 / Proposed Rules 26515
crossing over the Micaville, Bakersville, The Atlanta Area will remain in a more protective level. Effective July
Huntdale (southeastern corner), and nonattainment status for the 2008 8- 20, 2012, EPA designated any area that
Burnsville maps, then back onto the hour ozone NAAQS until such time as was violating the 2008 8-hour ozone
Huntdale map and continuing along the the State requests a redesignation to NAAQS based on the three most recent
Mitchell/Yancy County line, crossing attainment and EPA determines that the years (2008–2010) of air monitoring data
onto the Chestoa map, to the Atlanta Area meets the Clean Air Act as a nonattainment area. See 77 FR
intersection of the Mitchell/Yancey (CAA or Act) requirements for 30088 (May 21, 2012). The Atlanta Area,
County line with the Mitchell/Unicoi redesignation, including an approved consisting of Bartow, Cherokee, Clayton,
County line, which is concurrent with maintenance plan. Cobb, Coweta, DeKalb, Douglas, Fayette,
the Tennessee/North Carolina State line; DATES: Comments must be received on Forsyth, Fulton, Gwinnett, Henry,
then or before June 2, 2016. Newton, Paulding, and Rockdale
(34) Proceed northeasterly along the ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, counties, was designated as a marginal
Mitchell/Unicoi County line, crossing identified by Docket ID No. EPA–R04– ozone nonattainment area. See 40 CFR
back over the Huntsdale (northwestern OAR–2015–0839, at http:// 81.311. Areas that were designated as
corner) map and onto the Unicoi map, www.regulations.gov. Follow the online marginal ozone nonattainment areas
and returning to the beginning point. instructions for submitting comments. were required to attain the 2008 8-hour
Signed: April 25, 2016. Once submitted, comments cannot be ozone NAAQS no later than July 20,
edited or removed from Regulations.gov. 2015, based on 2012–2014 monitoring
Mary G. Ryan,
The EPA may publish any comment data. The Atlanta Area did not attain the
Deputy Administrator. 2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS by July 20,
received to its public docket. Do not
[FR Doc. 2016–10291 Filed 5–2–16; 8:45 am] 2015, and therefore on April 11, 2016,
submit electronically any information
BILLING CODE 4810–31–P
you consider to be Confidential the EPA Administrator signed a final
Business Information (CBI) or other rule reclassifying the Atlanta Area from
information whose disclosure is a marginal nonattainment area to a
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION restricted by statute. Multimedia moderate nonattainment area for the
AGENCY submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be 2008 8-hour ozone standard. A pre-
accompanied by a written comment. publication version of the final rule can
40 CFR Part 52 The written comment is considered the be found at EPA’s Web site at: https://
[EPA–R04–OAR–2015–0839; FRL–9945–89– official comment and should include www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/
Region 4] discussion of all points you wish to 2016-04/documents/20160411fr.pdf.
make. The EPA will generally not Moderate areas are required to attain the
Determination of Attainment; Atlanta, consider comments or comment 2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS by no later
Georgia; 2008 Ozone National Ambient contents located outside of the primary than July 20, 2018, six years after the
Air Quality Standards submission (i.e. on the web, cloud, or effective date of the initial
other file sharing system). For nonattainment designations. See 40 CFR
AGENCY: Environmental Protection 51.1103. Air quality monitoring data
Agency. additional submission methods, the full
EPA public comment policy, from the 2013–2015 monitoring period
ACTION: Proposed rule. show that the Atlanta Area is now
information about CBI or multimedia
submissions, and general guidance on attaining the 2008 8-hour ozone
SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection NAAQS.
Agency (EPA) is proposing to determine making effective comments, please visit
http://www2.epa.gov/dockets/ Under the provisions of EPA’s ozone
that the Atlanta, Georgia, 2008 Ozone implementation rule for the 2008 8-hour
National Ambient Air Quality Standard commenting-epa-dockets.
ozone NAAQS (40 CFR part 51, subpart
(NAAQS) Moderate Nonattainment Area FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jane
AA), if EPA issues a determination that
(‘‘Atlanta Area’’ or the ‘‘Area’’) has Spann, Air Regulatory Management an area is attaining the relevant
attained the 2008 8-hour ozone NAAQS. Section, Air Planning and standard, also known as a Clean Data
This proposed determination is based Implementation Branch, Air, Pesticides Determination, the area’s obligations to
upon complete, quality-assured, and and Toxics Management Division, U.S. submit an attainment demonstration
certified ambient air monitoring data Environmental Protection Agency, and associated RACM, RFP, contingency
showing that the Area has monitored Region 4, 61 Forsyth Street SW., measures, and other planning SIPs
attainment of the 2008 8-hour ozone Atlanta, Georgia 30303–8960. Ms. related to attainment of the 2008 8-hour
NAAQS for the 2013–2015 monitoring Spann can be reached via phone at (404) ozone NAAQS are suspended until EPA:
period. If EPA finalizes this proposed 562–9029 or via electronic mail at (i) Redesignates the area to attainment
action, the requirement for this Area to spann.jane@epa.gov. for the standard or approves a
submit an attainment demonstration SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: redesignation substitute, at which time
and associated reasonably available those requirements no longer apply; or
control measures (RACM), reasonable I. Background
(ii) EPA determines that the area has
further progress (RFP) plans, On March 12, 2008, EPA revised both violated the standard, at which time the
contingency measures, and other the primary and secondary NAAQS for area is again required to submit such
planning state implementation plans ozone to a level of 0.075 parts per plans. See 40 CFR 51.1118. While these
asabaliauskas on DSK9F6TC42PROD with PROPOSALS
(SIPs) related to attainment of the 2008 million (ppm) (annual fourth-highest requirements are suspended, EPA is not
8-hour ozone NAAQS will be daily maximum 8-hour average precluded from acting upon these
suspended until EPA redesignates the concentration, averaged over three elements at any time if submitted to
Area to attainment, approves a years) to provide increased protection of EPA for review and approval.
redesignation substitute, or determines public health and the environment. See An attainment determination is not
that the Area has violated the 2008 8- 73 FR 16436 (March 27, 2008). The 2008 equivalent to a redesignation under
hour ozone NAAQS. This proposed ozone NAAQS retains the same general section 107(d)(3) of the CAA. The
attainment determination does not form and averaging time as the 0.08 designation status of the Atlanta Area
constitute a redesignation to attainment. ppm NAAQS set in 1997, but is set at will remain nonattainment for the 2008
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Document Created: 2016-05-03 00:30:41
Document Modified: 2016-05-03 00:30:41
| Category | Regulatory Information | |
| Collection | Federal Register | |
| sudoc Class | AE 2.7: GS 4.107: AE 2.106: | |
| Publisher | Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration | |
| Section | Proposed Rules | |
| Action | Notice of proposed rulemaking. | |
| Dates | Comments must be received by July 5, 2016. | |
| Contact | Karen A. Thornton, Regulations and Rulings Division, Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau, 1310 G Street NW., Box 12, Washington, DC 20005; phone 202-453-1039, ext. 175. | |
| FR Citation | 81 FR 26507 | |
| RIN Number | 1513-AC25 |
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