81_FR_31998 81 FR 31900 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designating Critical Habitat for Three Plant Species on Hawaii Island

81 FR 31900 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designating Critical Habitat for Three Plant Species on Hawaii Island

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Fish and Wildlife Service

Federal Register Volume 81, Issue 98 (May 20, 2016)

Page Range31900-31908
FR Document2016-11941

We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), announce the reopening of the public comment period on our October 17, 2012, proposed designation of critical habitat for three plant species (Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla (kookoolau), Isodendrion pyrifolium (wahine noho kula), and Mezoneuron kavaiense (uhiuhi)) on Hawaii Island under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). We are reopening the comment period to allow all interested parties further opportunity to comment on areas that we are considering for exclusion from critical habitat designation in the final rule. Comments previously submitted on the proposed rule do not need to be resubmitted, as they will be fully considered in preparation of the final rule.

Federal Register, Volume 81 Issue 98 (Friday, May 20, 2016)
[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 98 (Friday, May 20, 2016)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 31900-31908]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2016-11941]


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DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

Fish and Wildlife Service

50 CFR Part 17

[Docket No. FWS-R1-ES-2013-0028; 4500030114]
RIN 1018-AZ38


Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Designating 
Critical Habitat for Three Plant Species on Hawaii Island

AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior.

ACTION: Proposed rule; reopening of comment period.

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SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), announce the 
reopening of the public comment period on our October 17, 2012, 
proposed designation of critical habitat for three plant species 
(Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla (kookoolau), Isodendrion pyrifolium 
(wahine noho kula), and Mezoneuron kavaiense (uhiuhi)) on Hawaii Island 
under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). We are 
reopening the comment period to allow all interested parties further 
opportunity to comment on areas that we are considering for exclusion 
from critical habitat designation in the final rule. Comments 
previously submitted on the proposed rule do not need to be 
resubmitted, as they will be fully considered in preparation of the 
final rule.

DATES: Written Comments: We will consider comments received or 
postmarked on or before June 6, 2016. Please note comments submitted 
electronically using the Federal eRulemaking Portal (see ADDRESSES, 
below) must be received by 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on the closing date. 
If you are submitting your comments by hard copy, please mail them by 
June 6, 2016, to ensure that we receive them in time to give them full 
consideration.

ADDRESSES: Document Availability: You may obtain copies of the October 
17, 2012, proposed rule, this document, and the draft economic analysis 
of the proposed designation of critical habitat at http://www.regulations.gov at Docket Number FWS-R1-ES-2013-0028, from the 
Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office's Web site (http://www.fws.gov/pacificislands/), or by contacting the Pacific Islands Fish 
and Wildlife Office directly (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT).
    Written Comments: You may submit written comments by one of the 
following methods:
    (1) Electronically: Go to the Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. Search for Docket No. FWS-R1-ES-2013-0028, which 
is the docket number for this rulemaking, and follow the directions for 
submitting a comment.
    (2) By hard copy: Submit by U.S. mail or hand-delivery to: Public 
Comments Processing, Attn: FWS-R1-ES-2013-0028; Division of Policy, 
Performance, and Management Programs; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; 
MS: BPHC; 5275 Leesburg Pike; Falls Church, VA 22041-3803.
    We will post all comments we receive on http://www.regulations.gov. 
This generally means that we will post any personal information you 
provide us (see Public Comments, below, for more information).

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mary Abrams, Field Supervisor, Pacific 
Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, 300 Ala Moana Boulevard, Room 3-122, 
Honolulu, HI 96850; by telephone at 808-792-9400; or by facsimile at 
808-792-9581. Persons who use a

[[Page 31901]]

telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD) may call the Federal 
Information Relay Service (FIRS) at 800-877-8339.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Public Comments

    We will accept written comments and information during this 
reopened comment period on our proposed designation of critical habitat 
for Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla (kookoolau), Mezoneuron kavaiense 
(uhiuhi), and Isodendrion pyrifolium (wahine noho kula), that was 
published in the Federal Register on October 17, 2012 (77 FR 63928). In 
that proposed rule, we proposed to list 15 species on the Hawaiian 
island of Hawaii as endangered species under the Act (16 U.S.C. 1531 et 
seq.), to designate critical habitat for one of these species, and to 
designate critical habitat for two plant species that were listed as 
endangered species in 1986 and 1994. We finalized the listing 
determinations of those 15 species on October 29, 2013 (78 FR 64638). 
Critical habitat has not yet been finalized. We previously reopened the 
comment period on the proposed critical habitat twice: once for 30 
days, on April 30, 2013 (78 FR 25243), and again for 60 days on July 2, 
2013 (78 FR 39698).
    In particular we are seeking public comment on the areas that we 
are considering for exclusion from the final designation of critical 
habitat for Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla (kookoolau), Mezoneuron 
kavaiense (uhiuhi), and Isodendrion pyrifolium (wahine noho kula). 
Although we previously indicated that we were considering the possible 
exclusion of non-Federal lands, especially areas in private ownership, 
and asked for comment on the broad public benefits of encouraging 
collaborative conservation efforts with local and private partners, we 
are now offering an additional opportunity for public comment on this 
issue. Subsequent to the publication of the proposed rule, conservation 
agreements with the Service were signed by several of the landowners 
previously identified for possible exclusion. Furthermore, the Service 
has identified some additional areas considered for exclusion based on 
partnerships with landowners who signed conservation agreements with 
the Service subsequent to the publication of the proposed rule. 
Therefore, we are offering another opportunity for public comment on 
the broad public benefits of encouraging collaborative conservation 
efforts with local and private partners. We will consider information 
and recommendations from all interested parties.
    We are particularly interested in comments concerning whether the 
benefits of excluding any particular area from critical habitat 
outweigh the benefits of including that area as critical habitat under 
section 4(b)(2) of the Act (16 U.S.C. 1533(b)(2)), after considering 
the potential impacts and benefits of the proposed critical habitat 
designation. We are considering the possible exclusion of non-Federal 
lands, especially areas in private ownership, and whether the benefits 
of exclusion may outweigh the benefits of inclusion of those areas. We, 
therefore, request specific information on:
     The benefits of including any specific areas in the final 
designation and supporting rationale.
     The benefits of excluding any specific areas from the 
final designation and supporting rationale.
     Whether any specific exclusions may result in the 
extinction of the species and why.
    For non-Federal lands in particular, we are interested in 
information regarding the potential benefits of including such lands in 
critical habitat versus the benefits of excluding such lands from 
critical habitat. In weighing the potential benefits of exclusion 
versus inclusion of non-Federal lands, the Service may consider whether 
existing partnership agreements provide for the management of the 
species. This consideration may include, for example, the status of 
conservation efforts, the effectiveness of any conservation agreements 
to conserve the species, and the likelihood of the conservation 
agreement's future implementation. In addition, we may consider the 
formation or fostering of partnerships with non-Federal entities that 
result in positive conservation outcomes for the species, as evidenced 
by the development of conservation agreements, as a potential benefit 
of exclusion. We request comment on the broad public benefits of 
encouraging collaborative efforts and encouraging local and private 
conservation efforts.
    Our final determination concerning the designation of critical 
habitat for Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, Mezoneuron kavaiense, 
and Isodendrion pyrifolium will take into consideration all written 
comments and information we receive during all comment periods; from 
peer reviewers; and during the public information meeting, as well as 
comments and public testimony we received during the public hearing, 
that we held in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, on May 15, 2013 (see 78 FR 25243; 
April 30, 2013). The comments will be included in the public record for 
this rulemaking, and we will fully consider them in the preparation of 
our final determination. On the basis of peer reviewer and public 
comments, as well as any new information we may receive during the 
development of our final determination concerning critical habitat, we 
may find (1) that areas within the proposed critical habitat 
designation do not meet the definition of critical habitat, (2) that 
some modifications to the described boundaries are appropriate, or (3) 
that areas may or may not be appropriate for exclusion under section 
4(b)(2) of the Act.
    If you submitted comments or information on the proposed rule 
(October 17, 2012; 77 FR 63928) during one of the three previous open 
comment periods from October 17, 2012, through December 17, 2012 (77 FR 
63928), April 30, 2013, through May 30, 2013 (78 FR 25243), and July 2, 
2013, through September 3, 2013 (78 FR 39698), or at the public 
information meeting or hearing on May 15, 2013 (78 FR 25243), please do 
not resubmit them. We will fully consider them in the preparation of 
our final determinations.
    You may submit your comments by one of the methods listed in 
ADDRESSES. We will post your entire comment--including your personal 
identifying information--on http://www.regulations.gov. If you submit 
your comment via U.S. mail, you may request at the top of your document 
that we withhold personal information such as your street address, 
phone number, or email address from public review; however, we cannot 
guarantee that we will be able to do so.
    Comments and materials we receive will be available for public 
inspection on http://www.regulations.gov at Docket No. FWS-R1-ES-2013-
0028, or by appointment, during normal business hours, at the U.S. Fish 
and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (see FOR 
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT).

Background

Previous Federal Actions

    On October 17, 2012, we published a proposed rule (77 FR 63928) to 
list 15 species on the Hawaiian island of Hawaii as endangered species 
under the Act, to designate critical habitat for one of these species, 
Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, and to designate critical habitat 
for two previously listed plant species, Mezoneuron kavaiense (51 FR 
24672, July 8, 1986) and Isodendrion pyrifolium (59 FR 10305, March 3, 
1994). We proposed to designate 18,766

[[Page 31902]]

acres (ac) (7,597 hectares (ha)) on the island of Hawaii. Approximately 
55 percent of the area proposed as critical habitat is already 
designated as critical habitat for 41plants and the Blackburn's sphinx 
moth (Manduca blackburni), for which critical habitat was designated on 
July 2, 2003 (68 FR 39624), and June 10, 2003 (68 FR 34710), 
respectively.
    In our October 17, 2012, proposed rule (77 FR 63928), we announced 
a 60-day comment period, which began on October 17, 2012, and ended on 
December 17, 2012. On April 30, 2013, we announced the availability of 
the draft economic analysis on the proposed designation of critical 
habitat, and reopened the comment period on our proposed rule, the 
draft economic analysis, and amended required determinations for 
another 30 days, ending May 30, 2013 (78 FR 25243). On April 30, 2013, 
we also announced a public information meeting in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, 
which we held on May 15, 2013, followed by a public hearing on that 
same day (78 FR 25243). On July 2, 2013, we announced the reopening of 
the comment period on the proposed designation of critical habitat and 
the draft economic analysis for an additional 60 days, through 
September 3, 2013 (78 FR 39698).

Critical Habitat

    Section 3 of the Act defines critical habitat as the specific areas 
within the geographical area occupied by a species, at the time it is 
listed in accordance with the Act, on which are found those physical or 
biological features essential to the conservation of the species and 
that may require special management considerations or protection, and 
specific areas outside the geographical area occupied by a species at 
the time it is listed, upon a determination that such areas are 
essential for the conservation of the species. If the proposed rule is 
made final, section 7 of the Act will prohibit destruction or adverse 
modification of critical habitat by any activity funded, authorized, or 
carried out by any Federal agency unless it is exempted pursuant to the 
provisions of the Act (16 U.S.C. 1536(e)-(n) and (p)). Federal agencies 
proposing actions affecting critical habitat must consult with us on 
the effects of their proposed actions, under section 7(a)(2) of the 
Act.
    Consistent with the best scientific data available, the standards 
of the Act, and our regulations, we initially identified and proposed a 
total of 18,766 ac (7,597 ha) in 7 units for three plant species 
located on the island of Hawaii, that meet the definition of critical 
habitat. In addition, the Act provides the Secretary with the 
discretion to exclude certain areas from the final designation after 
taking into consideration economic impacts, impacts on national 
security, and any other relevant impacts of specifying any particular 
area as critical habitat.

Consideration of Impacts Under Section 4(b)(2) of the Act

    Section 4(b)(2) of the Act requires that we designate or revise 
critical habitat based upon the best scientific data available, after 
taking into consideration the economic impact, impact on national 
security, or any other relevant impact of specifying any particular 
area as critical habitat. The Secretary may exclude an area from 
critical habitat if she determines that the benefits of such exclusion 
outweigh the benefits of specifying such area as part of the critical 
habitat, unless she determines, based on the best scientific data 
available, that the failure to designate such area as critical habitat 
will result in the extinction of the species. In making that 
determination, the statute on its face, as well as the legislative 
history, are clear that the Secretary has broad discretion regarding 
which factor(s) to use and how much weight to give to any factor.
    When considering the benefits of exclusion, we consider, among 
other things, whether exclusion of a specific area is likely to result 
in conservation; the continuation, strengthening, or encouragement of 
partnerships; or implementation of a management plan. In the case of 
Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion pyrifolium, and 
Mezoneuron kavaiense, the benefits of critical habitat include public 
awareness of the presence of the three species and the importance of 
habitat protection, and, where a Federal nexus exists, increased 
habitat protection for the three species due to protection from adverse 
modification or destruction of critical habitat. In practice, 
situations with a Federal nexus exist primarily on Federal lands or for 
projects undertaken by Federal agencies.
    In considering whether to exclude a particular area from the 
designation, we identify the benefits of including the area in the 
designation, identify the benefits of excluding the area from the 
designation, and evaluate whether the benefits of exclusion outweigh 
the benefits of inclusion. If the analysis indicates that the benefits 
of exclusion outweigh the benefits of inclusion, the Secretary may 
exercise her discretion to exclude the area only if such exclusion will 
not result in the extinction of the species.
    When identifying the benefits of inclusion for an area, we consider 
the additional regulatory benefits that area would receive due to the 
protection from destruction or adverse modification as a result of 
actions with a Federal nexus; the educational benefits of mapping 
essential habitat for recovery of the listed species; and any benefits 
that may result from a designation due to State or Federal laws that 
may apply to critical habitat. Additionally, continued implementation 
of a management plan that provides equal to or more conservation than a 
critical habitat designation would reduce the benefits of including 
that specific area in the critical habitat designation.
    When identifying the benefits of exclusion, we consider, among 
other things, whether exclusion of a specific area is likely to result 
in conservation and the continuation, strengthening, or encouragement 
of partnerships.
    When we evaluate a management plan during our consideration of the 
benefits of exclusion, we assess a variety of factors, including but 
not limited to, whether the plan is finalized, how it provides for the 
conservation of the essential physical or biological features, whether 
there is a reasonable expectation that the conservation management 
strategies and actions contained in a management plan will be 
implemented into the future, whether the conservation strategies in the 
plan are likely to be effective, and whether the plan contains a 
monitoring program or adaptive management to ensure that the 
conservation measures are effective and can be adapted in the future in 
response to new information.
    After identifying the benefits of inclusion and the benefits of 
exclusion, we carefully weigh the two sides to evaluate whether the 
benefits of exclusion outweigh those of inclusion. If our analysis 
indicates that the benefits of exclusion outweigh the benefits of 
inclusion, we then determine whether exclusion would result in 
extinction of the species. If exclusion of an area from critical 
habitat will result in extinction, we will not exclude it from the 
designation.
    Based on the information provided by entities seeking exclusion, as 
well as any additional public comments received, we will evaluate 
whether certain lands in proposed critical habitat Hawaii--Lowland 
Dry--Units 31, 32, 33, 34, and 35 are appropriate for exclusion from 
the final designation under section 4(b)(2) of the Act. If the analysis 
indicates that the benefits of excluding lands from the final 
designation outweigh the benefits of

[[Page 31903]]

designating those lands as critical habitat, then the Secretary may 
exercise her discretion to exclude the lands from the final 
designation.
    In our October 17, 2012, proposed rule (77 FR 63928), we identified 
areas in four of the proposed critical habitat units for potential 
exclusion from the final critical habitat designation for Bidens 
micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion pyrifolium, and Mezoneuron 
kavaiense under section 4(b)(2) of the Act. Table 1 provides 
approximate areas (ac, ha) of these lands that meet the definition of 
critical habitat but were proposed for consideration for possible 
exclusion under section 4(b)(2) of the Act from the final critical 
habitat rule.

    Table 1--Areas Considered for Exclusion in the 2012 Proposed Rule (77 FR 63928), by Critical Habitat Unit
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                   Areas meeting       Areas
                                                                                  the definition    considered
                                                                                    of critical    for possible
                    Unit                                Specific area               habitat, in    exclusion, in
                                                                                       acres           acres
                                                                                    (hectares)      (hectares)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hawaii--Lowland Dry--Unit 31...............  Kamehameha Schools.................   2,834 (1,147)   2,834 (1,147)
Hawaii--Lowland Dry--Unit 33...............  Palamanui Global Holdings LLC......       502 (203)       502 (203)
Hawaii--Lowland Dry--Unit 34...............  Kaloko Properties Corp.............         48 (19)         48 (19)
                                             SCD-TSA Kaloko Makai LLC...........       558 (226)       558 (226)
                                             TSA Corporation....................         26 (10)         26 (10)
                                             Lanihau Properties.................         47 (19)         47 (19)
Hawaii--Lowland Dry--Unit 35...............  Department of Hawaiian Home Lands..       355 (144)         87 (35)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    We are now considering whether to exclude additional areas. Table 2 
below provides approximate areas (ac, ha) of the additional lands that 
meet the definition of critical habitat but are now under our 
consideration for possible exclusion under section 4(b)(2) of the Act 
from the final critical habitat rule. In the paragraphs that follow 
below, we provide a detailed analysis of our consideration of these 
additional lands for exclusion under section 4(b)(2) of the Act.

                  Table 2--Additional Areas Considered for Exclusion, by Critical Habitat Unit
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                                   Areas meeting       Areas
                                                                                  the definition  considered for
                                                                                    of critical       possible
                    Unit                                Specific area               habitat, in    exclusion, in
                                                                                       acres           acres
                                                                                    (hectares)      (hectares)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Hawaii--Lowland Dry--Unit 32...............  Waikoloa Village Association.......     1,758 (711)     1,758 (711)
Hawaii--Lowland Dry--Unit 33...............  Department of Hawaiian Home Lands..         91 (30)         91 (30)
Hawaii--Lowland Dry--Unit 35...............  County of Hawaii (State)...........        165 (67)        165 (67)
                                             Hawaii Housing and Finance                  30 (12)         30 (12)
                                              Development Corporation (State).
                                             Department of Hawaiian Home Lands..       401 (165)       401 (165)
                                             Forest City Kona...................       265 (107)       265 (107)
                                             Queen Liliuokalani Trust...........       302 (122)       302 (122)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Exclusions Based on Other Relevant Impacts

    Under section 4(b)(2) of the Act, we consider any other relevant 
impacts, in addition to economic impacts and impacts on national 
security. We consider a number of factors including whether there are 
permitted conservation plans covering the species in the area such as 
habitat conservation plans, safe harbor agreements, or candidate 
conservation agreements with assurances, or whether there are non-
permitted conservation agreements and partnerships that would be 
encouraged by designation of, or exclusion from, critical habitat. In 
addition, we look at the existence of tribal conservation plans and 
partnerships and consider the government-to-government relationship of 
the United States with tribal entities. We also consider any social 
impacts that might occur because of the designation.
    We sometimes exclude specific areas from critical habitat 
designations based in part on the existence of private or other non-
Federal conservation plans or agreements and their attendant 
partnerships. A conservation plan or agreement describes actions that 
are designed to provide for the conservation needs of a species and its 
habitat, and may include actions to reduce or mitigate negative effects 
on the species caused by activities on or adjacent to the area covered 
by the plan. Conservation plans or agreements can be developed by 
private entities with no Service involvement, or in partnership with 
the Service.
    We evaluate a variety of factors to determine how the benefits of 
any exclusion and the benefits of inclusion are affected by the 
existence of private or other non-Federal conservation plans or 
agreements and their attendant partnerships when we undertake a 
discretionary section 4(b)(2) exclusion analysis. A non-exhaustive list 
of factors that we will consider for non-permitted plans or agreements 
is shown below. These factors are not required elements of plans or 
agreements, and all items may not apply to every plan or agreement.

    (i) The degree to which the plan or agreement provides for the 
conservation of

[[Page 31904]]

the species or the essential physical or biological features (if 
present) for the species;
    (ii) Whether there is a reasonable expectation that the 
conservation management strategies and actions contained in a 
management plan or agreement will be implemented;
    (iii) The demonstrated implementation and success of the chosen 
conservation measures;
    (iv) The degree to which the record of the plan supports a 
conclusion that a critical habitat designation would impair the 
realization of benefits expected from the plan, agreement, or 
partnership;
    (v) The extent of public participation in the development of the 
conservation plan;
    (vi) The degree to which there has been agency review and 
required determinations (e.g., State regulatory requirements), as 
necessary and appropriate;
    (vii) Whether National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA; 42 U.S.C. 
4321 et seq.) compliance was required; and
    (viii) Whether the plan or agreement contains a monitoring 
program and adaptive management to ensure that the conservation 
measures are effective and can be modified in the future in response 
to new information.

    In the proposed rule (October 17, 2012; 77 FR 63928), we identified 
several specific areas under consideration for exclusion from critical 
habitat based on the landowner's conservation partnerships; these 
exclusions totaled approximately 4,099 ac (1,659 ha) of State land and 
private lands. The areas identified for potential exclusion, as 
detailed in our proposed rule, included lands owned or managed by 
Kamehameha Schools; Palamanui Global Holdings, LLC; Kaloko Properties 
Corp.; Lanihau Properties; SCD-TSA Kaloko Makai, LLC; TSA Corporation; 
and the Department of Hawaiian Homelands. We asked for public comment 
on the potential exclusions, and for information regarding the 
potential benefits of including private lands in critical habitat 
versus the benefits of excluding such lands from critical habitat. 
After publication of the proposed rule, three of these landowners 
(Palamanui Global Holdings, LLC; Lanihau Properties; and the Department 
of Hawaiian Homelands) signed memoranda of understanding with the 
Service covering actions beneficial to Bidens micrantha ssp. 
ctenophylla, Mezoneuron kavaiense, and Isodendrion pyrifolium. 
Furthermore, in the proposed rule we noted that exclusions in the final 
rule would not necessarily be limited to those we initially identified 
in the proposed rule. Subsequent to publication of the proposed rule, 
we identified additional private or non-Federal lands that we are 
considering for exclusion from critical habitat, based on conservation 
partnerships with the Service. These include lands owned or managed by 
Waikoloa Village Association, County of Hawaii, Hawaii Housing and 
Finance Development Corporation, Forest City Kona, and Queen 
Liliuokalani Trust. Therefore, at this time we request public comment 
on the following: the benefits of including any specific areas in the 
final designation and supporting rationale, benefits of excluding any 
specific areas from the final designation and supporting rationale, and 
whether any specific exclusions may result in the extinction of the 
species and why. The three of the areas originally proposed for 
exclusion, as well as the additional areas being considered for 
exclusion, are briefly described below.

Certain Areas Considered for Exclusion in the 2012 Proposed Rule

Palamanui Global Holdings, LLC

    In the October 17, 2012, proposed rule (77 FR 63928), we stated 
that we were considering the exclusion of 502 ac (203 ha) owned or 
managed by Palamanui Global Holdings, LLC (Palamanui). These lands fall 
within a portion of the 1,583 ac (640 ha) proposed as critical habitat 
in Hawaii--Lowland Dry--Unit 33; the proposed unit is occupied by 
Mezoneuron kavaiense, and unoccupied but essential to the conservation 
of Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla and Isodendrion pyrifolium (77 FR 
63928; October 17, 2012). Palamanui has demonstrated their willingness 
to work as a conservation partner by undertaking site management that 
provides important conservation benefits to the native Hawaiian species 
that depend upon the lowland dry ecosystem habitat. Under an integrated 
natural cultural resource management plan (INCRMP 2005) addressing 
preservation, mitigation, management, and stewardship measures for the 
natural and cultural resources at the Palamanui development, Palamanui 
successfully implemented the following conservation actions on their 
lands: (1) Fencing to protect a 55-ac (22-ha) Lowland Dry Forest 
Preserve (Preserve) and other endangered plant locations outside the 
Preserve; (2) maintenance of firebreaks to control the threat of fire 
at the Preserve and other endangered plant locations outside the 
Preserve; (3) establishment of the Palamanui Dry Forest Working Group 
and research partnership; and (4) partnerships with other landowners 
and practitioners to benefit the conservation and recovery of dry 
forest species and their habitat.
    Subsequent to the publication of the October 17, 2012, proposed 
rule, Palamanui participated in a series of collaborative meetings with 
the Service, County of Hawaii, Department of Hawaiian Homelands, 
Department of Land and Natural Resources, and other stakeholders in 
proposed Critical Habitat Units 31, 33, 34, and 35, to address species 
protection and recovery and development on a regional scale. In 2015, 
Palamanui signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with the Service 
wherein they agreed to implement important conservation actions 
beneficial to Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion 
pyrifolium, and Mezoneuron kavaiense, and the lowland dry ecosystem 
upon which they depend (Memorandum of Understanding Between Palamanui 
Global Holdings LLC and U.S. Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife 
Service 2015). In the MOU, Palamanui agreed to increase the area of 
fenced and managed lowland dry forest protected within the Preserve by 
19 ac (7.7 ha), for a total of approximately 75 ac (30 ha). Palamanui 
also agreed to ensure funding for conservation actions within the 
Preserve for the next 20 years at a minimum of $50,000 per year. 
Palamanui will also contribute conservation actions valued at an 
additional $200,000 to benefit the recovery of the three plant species 
and the lowland dry ecosystem, and agreed to work cooperatively with 
the Service or other conservation partners to conduct activities 
expected to benefit Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion 
pyrifolium, and Mezoneuron kavaiense and their habitat. Implementation 
has already been initiated on the following actions agreed to in the 
MOU: (1) Firebreak maintenance around the Preserve; (2) fence 
maintenance to exclude ungulates from the Preserve and removal of 
ungulates that had been allowed to enter the Preserve; (3) regular weed 
control in the Preserve; and (4) propagation, outplanting, and 
maintenance of listed species in the Preserve.

Lanihau Properties

    In the October 17, 2012, proposed rule (77 FR 63928), we considered 
the exclusion of 47 ac (19 ha) of land owned/managed by Lanihau 
Properties. These lands fall within a portion of the 961 ac (389 ha) 
proposed as critical habitat in Hawaii-- Lowland Dry--Unit 34; the 
proposed unit is occupied by Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, and 
Mezoneuron kavaiense, and unoccupied but essential to the conservation 
of Isodendrion pyrifolium (77 FR 63928; October 17, 2012). Lanihau 
Properties has demonstrated their willingness to work as a conservation 
partner by undertaking site management that provides important 
conservation

[[Page 31905]]

benefits to the native Hawaiian species that depend upon the lowland 
dry ecosystem habitat. In 2010, Lanihau Properties agreed to set aside 
a 4.6-ac (1.9-ha) area as a dryland forest reserve and implement 
conservation measures as a condition for issuance of a county grading 
permit associated with the construction of the Ane Keohokalole Highway 
(USFWS 2010, in litt.).
    Subsequent to the publication of the October 17, 2012, proposed 
rule, Lanihau Properties participated in a series of collaborative 
meetings along with the Service, County of Hawaii, Department of 
Hawaiian Homelands, Department of Land and Natural Resources, and other 
stakeholders in proposed Critical Habitat Units 31, 33, 34, and 35, to 
address species protection and recovery and development on a regional 
scale. In 2014, Lanihau Properties signed an MOU with the Service 
wherein they agreed to implement important conservation actions 
beneficial to Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion 
pyrifolium, and Mezoneuron kavaiense, as well as other rare and 
endangered plant species and their habitat in the lowland dry ecosystem 
(Memorandum of Understanding between Lanihau Properties and U.S. 
Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 2014, entire). In the 
agreement, Lanihau Properties agreed to set aside and not undertake 
development in an approximately 16-ac (6-ha) area, adding 11.4 ac (4.6 
ha) to the previous 4.6-ac (1.9-ha) set aside, and work cooperatively 
with the Service or other conservation partners to conduct activities 
expected to benefit the conservation of the three species and the 
lowland dry ecosystem for the next 20 years.

Department of Hawaiian Home Lands

    In the October 17, 2012, proposed rule (77 FR 63928), we announced 
we were considering the exclusion of 87 ac (35 ha) of lands owned by 
the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands (DHHL) out of the total 446 ac 
(181 ha) of DHHL land proposed as critical habitat. Based on a new MOU 
evidencing a more robust partnership with the Service, summarized 
below, and updated land ownership records that added approximately 46.5 
ac (18.4 ha) to DHHL's land considered for exclusion, we are now 
considering the exclusion of 492 ac (199 ha) of lands owned by DHHL. 
These lands fall within portions of two proposed units. The DHHL owns 
91 ac (30 ha) of the 1,583 ac (640 ha) proposed as critical habitat in 
Hawaii--Lowland Dry--Unit 33; this proposed unit is occupied by 
Mezoneuron kavaiense, and unoccupied by but essential to the 
conservation of Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla and Isodendrion 
pyrifolium. The DHHL also owns 401 ac (165 ha) of the 1,192 ac (485 ha) 
proposed as critical habitat in Hawaii--Lowland Dry--Unit 35; this 
proposed unit is occupied by Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, 
Isodendrion pyrifolium, and Mezoneuron kavaiense (77 FR 63928; October 
17, 2012).
    The DHHL has worked in partnership with the Service to protect and 
restore endangered and threatened species and their habitats during the 
last 15 years on Hawaii Island. In December 2010, the Hawaiian Homes 
Commission adopted the ``Aina Mauna Legacy Program,'' a 100-year plan 
to reforest approximately 87 percent of a 56,200-ac (22,743-ha) 
contiguous parcel managed by DHHL on the eastern slope of Mauna Kea, 
Hawaii Island. Implementation of the Aina Mauna Legacy Program calls 
for removal of all feral ungulates from the Aina Mauna landscape and 
several restoration projects have been implemented to benefit 
endangered and threatened species and their habitats (DHHL 2009, pp. 
19-21). Each of these projects received funding from the Service's 
Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program for 10-year landowner agreements 
to maintain the conservation actions, and includes multiple partners 
such as the State, National Wildlife Refuge System, and the Mauna Kea 
Watershed Alliance.
    From 1996 to 2006, the DHHL acquired a total of approximately 685 
ac (277 ha) at Laiopua, Kealakehe, and Keahuolu from the Hawaii Housing 
Finance Development Corporation (HHFDC, previously HCDCH) (Masagatani 
2012, in litt.) and subsequently committed two parcels equaling 
approximately 40 ac (16 ha) for the development, management, and 
maintenance as preserves with the sole purpose of protecting of Bidens 
micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion pyrifolium, Mezoneuron 
kavaiense, and other endangered species. The three parcels included the 
two principal preserves of the 1999 plan and the area identified for 
protection of archaeological resources, for a total of 73 ac (29 ha) 
protected. Since 2010, the DHHL has committed approximately $1,198,052 
for the development and management of the preserve areas (Masagatani 
2012, in litt.). Conservation actions in the preserve areas include: 
(1) Fencing to exclude ungulates and prevent human trespass; (2) 
control and removal of nonnative plants; (3) control and prevention of 
the threat of fire; (4) propagation, outplanting, and care of common 
native and endangered plant species; and (5) promoting community 
volunteer and education programs that support native plant 
conservation.
    Subsequent to the publication of the October 17, 2012, proposed 
rule, the DHHL participated in a series of collaborative meetings with 
the Service, County of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural 
Resources, and other stakeholders in Units 31, 33, 34, and 35, to 
address species protection and recovery and development on a regional 
scale. In 2015, the DHHL signed an MOU with the Service for a 
conservation agreement expected to benefit the recovery of Bidens 
micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion pyrifolium, and Mezoneuron 
kavaiense, as well as other rare and listed plant species and their 
habitat in the lowland dry ecosystem (Memorandum of Understanding 
Between the Department of Hawaiian Home Lands and U.S. Department of 
Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 2015). Under the agreement, the DHHL 
will continue to protect the 73 ac (29 ha) of existing preserves and 
agrees to set aside and not develop an additional 24 ac (10 ha) for a 
total protected area of 97 ac (39 ha) to benefit the recovery of the 
three plant species and the lowland dry ecosystem. The DHHL agreed in 
the MOU to funding conservation actions valued at $3.229 million on 44 
ac (18 ha) of the existing preserves for 40 years and within the 
additional 24 ac (10 ha) for 20 years. The remaining 29 ac (ha) of 
existing preserves will not be actively managed but will remain 
protected from development. Conservation actions on the 68 managed 
acres include: (1) Fencing to exclude ungulates; (2) control and the 
prevention of the threat of fire; (3) control and removal of nonnative 
plant species; (4) propagation, outplanting, and care of Bidens 
micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion pyrifolium, and Mezoneuron 
kavaiense, and other rare and endangered plant species; and (5) other 
management actions expected to benefit the recovery of listed plant 
species and the lowland dry ecosystem. Implementation has already been 
initiated on the following actions agreed to in the MOU: (1) Fence and 
firebreak maintenance around the preserves; (2) regular weed control of 
the managed areas in the preserves; and (3) initiated improvements to 
the fences and gates in the existing Aupaka Preserve, including raising 
the height of the fence to exclude ungulates and removing barbed wire, 
which is a threat to the endangered Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus 
cinereus semotus).

[[Page 31906]]

Additional Areas Currently Under Consideration for Exclusion

Waikoloa Village Association

    We are considering excluding 1,758 ac (711 ha) of lands from 
critical habitat that are owned or managed by the Waikoloa Village 
Association (WVA). These lands include the majority of the 1,779 ac 
(720) proposed as critical habitat in Hawaii--Lowland Dry--Unit 32; the 
proposed unit is occupied by one of the three plant species, Mezoneuron 
kavaiense, and is unoccupied but essential to the conservation of 
Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla and Isodendrion pyrifolium (77 FR 
63928; October 17, 2012). Since 2012, the WVA has voluntarily 
facilitated and supported the conservation of Isodendrion pyrifolium 
and Mezoneuron kavaiense and other federally listed species and their 
habitat in the lowland dry ecosystem, on their privately owned lands. 
In 2012, the WVA Board of Directors granted permission to protect and 
restore 275 ac (111 ha) of dry forest habitat south of Waikoloa Village 
for a period of 75 years by way of a license agreement with the 
nonprofit Waikoloa Dry Forest Initiative, Inc. The project's management 
program includes: (1) Construction and maintenance of a 275-ac (111-ha) 
fence to exclude ungulates; (2) removal of ungulates from the fenced 
exclosure; (3) control of nonnative plant species to reduce competition 
and the threat of fire; (4) integrated pest management to reduce 
impacts on native plant species; (5) provision of infrastructure for 
propagation and maintenance of outplantings; (6) establishment of 
common native and endangered plant species; and (7) education and 
community outreach activities. Furthermore, in 2014, the WVA signed an 
MOU with the Service wherein they agreed to implement important 
conservation actions beneficial to Mezoneuron kavaiense, Isodendrion 
pyrifolium and Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla and the lowland dry 
ecosystem upon which they depend (Memorandum of Understanding between 
Waikoloa Village Association and U.S. Department of Interior Fish and 
Wildlife Service 2014, entire). The WVA agreed not to undertake 
development in 60 ac (24 ha) adjacent to the Waikoloa Dry Forest 
Recovery Project's 275-ac (111-ha) exclosure and to work cooperatively 
with the Service or other conservation partners to conduct activities 
expected to benefit Mezoneuron kavaiense, Isodendrion pyrifolium, and 
Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla and their habitat.

County of Hawaii

    We are considering exclusion of 165 ac (67 ha) of lands owned by 
the State of Hawaii that are under management of the County of Hawaii 
(County). These lands fall within a portion of the 1,192 ac (485 ha) 
proposed as critical habitat in Hawaii--Lowland Dry--Unit 35; the 
proposed unit is occupied by Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, 
Isodendrion pyrifolium, and Mezoneuron kavaiense (77 FR 63928; October 
17, 2012). Since 2010, the County of Hawaii (County) has been involved 
in voluntary cooperative partnerships and conservation agreements with 
the Service for the conservation of rare and endangered species and 
their habitats. In 2010, the County helped facilitate protection of 
over 150 ac (61 ha) of lowland dry ecosystem habitat known to contain 
numerous listed plant species (USFWS 2010, in litt.).
    Subsequent to the publication of the October 17, 2012, proposed 
rule, the County participated in a series of collaborative meetings 
with the Service, Department of Hawaiian Homelands, Department of Land 
and Natural Resources, and other stakeholders in Units 31, 33, 34, and 
35, to address species protection and recovery and development on a 
regional scale. In 2015, the County signed an MOU with the Service 
wherein they agreed to implement important conservation actions 
beneficial to Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion 
pyrifolium, and Mezoneuron kavaiense, as well as other rare and listed 
plant species and their habitat in the lowland dry ecosystem 
(Memorandum of Understanding Between County of Hawaii and U.S. 
Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 2015, entire). The 
County agreed to set aside and not develop approximately 30 ac (12 ha) 
of lands under its management, and also agreed to conduct conservation 
actions valued at $1.534 million on a total of 50.1 ac (20.3 ha) to 
benefit the recovery of the three plant species, as well as other rare 
and listed plant species and their habitat in the lowland dry 
ecosystem, over the next 20 years. The 50.1 ac (20.3 ha) where 
conservation actions will occur includes 30 ac (12 ha) owned by the 
County, 4.2 ac (1.7 ha) owned by the Hawaii Housing Finance and 
Development Corporation, and 15.9 ac (6.4) owned by Lanihau Properties. 
Of the total 30 ac (12 ha) of County land protected from development, 
22 ac (8.9 ha) are adjacent to a 4.2-ac (1.7-ha) set-aside by the 
Hawaii Housing Finance and Development Corporation and another 21.7-ac 
(8.8-ha) set-aside by the Department of Hawaiian Homelands; these three 
areas together create approximately 47.9 contiguous acres (19.4 ha) 
protected for the conservation of the three species and the lowland dry 
ecosystem. The remaining 8-ac (3.2-ha) set-aside is located within the 
proposed Kealakehe Regional Park and adjacent to an existing 3.4-ac 
(1.4-ha) preserve managed by County but owned by the Hawaiian 
Department of Land and Natural Resources. Because the conservation 
actions will occur in some areas jointly managed by the County and 
other agencies or at offsite locations, the County will work 
cooperatively and in partnership with these landowners. These 
conservation actions will include: (1) Fencing to exclude ungulates; 
(2) control and prevention of the threat of fire; (3) control of 
nonnative plant species; and (4) other management actions expected to 
benefit the recovery of listed plant species and the lowland dry 
ecosystem.

Hawaii Housing Finance and Development Corporation

    We are considering exclusion of 30 ac (12 ha) of lands owned by the 
State of Hawaii that are under management of the Hawaii Housing Finance 
and Development Corporation (HHFDC). These lands fall within a portion 
of the 1,192 ac (485 ha) proposed as critical habitat in Hawaii--
Lowland Dry--Unit 35; the proposed unit is occupied by Bidens micrantha 
ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion pyrifolium, and Mezoneuron kavaiense (77 
FR 63928; October 17, 2012). The HHFDC has demonstrated their 
willingness to work as a conservation partner by undertaking site 
management that provides important conservation benefits to the native 
Hawaiian species that depend upon the lowland dry ecosystem habitat.
    Subsequent to the publication of the proposed rule, HHFDC 
participated in a series of collaborative meetings with the Service, 
Department of Hawaiian Homelands, Department of Land and Natural 
Resources, and other stakeholders in Units 31, 33, 34, and 35, to 
address species protection and recovery and development on a regional 
scale. In 2016, HHFDC signed an MOU with the Service wherein they 
agreed to implement important conservation actions beneficial to Bidens 
micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion pyrifolium and Mezoneuron 
kavaiense and their habitat, as well as to other rare and federally 
listed species and their habitat in the lowland dry ecosystem 
(Memorandum of Understanding Between Hawaii Housing Finance and 
Development Corporation and U.S. Department of Interior Fish and 
Wildlife

[[Page 31907]]

Service 2016, entire). The HHFDC agreed to set aside and not develop 
approximately 4.2 ac (1.7 ha) of lands under its management to provide 
protection and management for one of the seven remaining mature 
individuals of Mezoneuron kavaiense in proposed Unit 35, as well as 
other rare and listed plant species and their habitat in the lowland 
dry ecosystem, over the next 20 years. The 4.2 ac (1.7 ha) protected 
from development by the HHFDC are adjacent to the 22-ac (8.9-ha) set-
aside by the County and another 21.7-ac (8.8-ha) set-aside by the 
Department of Hawaiian Homelands; these three areas together create 
approximately 47.9 contiguous acres (19.4 ha) protected for the 
conservation of the three species and the lowland dry ecosystem. 
Because the conservation actions will occur in some areas jointly 
managed by the HHFDC and other agencies, the HHFDC will work 
cooperatively and in partnership with these landowners and the Service. 
These conservation actions will include: (1) Fencing to exclude 
ungulates; (2) control and prevention of the threat of fire; (3) 
control of nonnative plant species; and (4) other management actions 
expected to benefit the recovery of listed plant species and the 
lowland dry ecosystem.

Forest City Kona

    We are considering the exclusion of 265 ac (107 ha) of lands that 
are owned by Forest City Kona, LLC. These lands fall within a portion 
of the 1,192 ac (485 ha) proposed as critical habitat in Hawaii--
Lowland Dry--Unit 35; the proposed unit is occupied by Bidens micrantha 
ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion pyrifolium, and Mezoneuron kavaiense (77 
FR 63928; October 17, 2012). Forest City Kona has demonstrated their 
willingness to work as a conservation partner by undertaking site 
management that provides important conservation benefits to the native 
Hawaiian species that depend upon the lowland dry ecosystem habitat.
    Subsequent to the publication of the October 17, 2012, proposed 
rule, Forest City Kona participated in a series of collaborative 
meetings with the Service, Department of Hawaiian Homelands, Department 
of Land and Natural Resources, and other stakeholders in Units 31, 33, 
34, and 35, to address species protection and recovery and development 
on a regional scale. In 2016, Forest City Kona signed an MOU with the 
Service wherein they agreed to implement important conservation actions 
beneficial to Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion 
pyrifolium, and Mezoneuron kavaiense and their habitat, as well as 
other rare and federally listed species and their habitat in the 
lowland dry ecosystem (Memorandum of Understanding between Forest City 
Kona and U.S. Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 2016, 
entire). Forest City Kona agreed to set aside and not undertake 
development in two areas, totaling 20 ac (8 ha), and to work 
cooperatively with the Service on approved conservation programs to 
conduct activities to benefit the conservation of the three species and 
the lowland dry ecosystem in these areas for the next 20 years. The 
MOU's conservation actions include: (1) Fencing to exclude ungulates; 
(2) control of nonnative plant species; (3) propagation, outplanting, 
and care of Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion pyrifolium, 
and Mezoneuron kavaiense, as well as other rare and common native plant 
species; (4) control and prevention of the threat of fire; and (5) 
other management actions expected to benefit the recovery of listed 
plant species and the lowland dry ecosystem. The MOU also includes a 
commitment from Forest City Kona to provide $500,000 towards the 
implementation of on-site or off-site conservation actions within the 
North Kona region that will benefit the recovery of the three plant 
species and the lowland dry ecosystem.

Queen Liliuokalani Trust

    In the October 17, 2012, proposed rule (77 FR 63928), we stated 
that we were not considering for exclusion lands owned by Queen 
Liliuokalani Trust (QLT) for the following reasons: (1) The 
conservation plans in place at the time only addressed actions related 
to Isodendrion pyrifolium, but did not address conservation of the 
other two plants with proposed critical habitat on the land, Bidens 
micrantha ssp. ctenophylla and Mezoneuron kavaiense; and (2) since 
2005, we were unaware of efforts to outplant propagated individuals of 
Isodendrion pyrifolium or any current plans to conserve listed species 
or their habitats in the lowland dry ecosystem on the lands at Keahuolu 
owned by QLT. In 2014, QLT signed an MOU with the Service addressing 
both of these previous concerns. We are now considering exclusion of 
302 ac (122 ha) of lands that are owned or managed by QLT. These lands 
fall within a portion of the 1,192 ac (485 ha) proposed as critical 
habitat in Hawaii--Lowland Dry--Unit 35; the proposed unit is occupied 
by Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion pyrifolium, and 
Mezoneuron kavaiense (77 FR 63928; October 17, 2012).
    Since 2004, QLT has supported the conservation of federally listed 
species and their habitat in the lowland dry ecosystem, on their 
privately owned lands. In 2004, the QLT entered into an agreement with 
the Service's Partners for Fish and Wildlife Program to conduct 
research on the propagation of two endangered plants, Isodendrion 
pyrifolium and Neraudia ovata, in order to secure genetic material in 
ex situ storage and provide individuals of each species for 
reintroduction or restoration projects. In February 2014, the QLT 
signed an MOU with the Service wherein they agreed to implement 
important conservation actions beneficial to Bidens micrantha ssp. 
ctenophylla, Isodendrion pyrifolium, and Mezoneuron kavaiense, as well 
as other rare and listed plant species and their habitat in the lowland 
dry ecosystem (Memorandum of Understanding between Queen Liliuokalani 
Trust and U.S. Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 2014, 
entire). The management actions included in the MOU are: (1) Fencing to 
exclude ungulates; (2) control and prevention of the threat of fire; 
(3) propagation and outplanting of Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, 
Isodendrion pyrifolium, and Mezoneuron kavaiense, as well as six other 
rare or listed plant species; (4) weed control; (5) watering and 
maintenance of outplanted individuals; (6) monitoring and reporting; 
(7) analysis of success criteria; and (8) adaptive management. The QLT 
also agreed to set aside and not undertake development in a separate 
28-ac (11-ha) area and work cooperatively with the Service or other 
conservation partners to conduct activities to benefit the conservation 
of the three species and the lowland dry ecosystem. This area will be 
available for the conservation and propagation efforts for the three 
species and other listed and rare species of the lowland dry ecosystem.
    In addition to the agreements and commitments detailed above, QLT 
developed a culturally based service learning program that has involved 
over 1,300 beneficiaries, school groups, and other community members in 
removing invasive species. QLT continues to spend over $12,000 per year 
to control invasive species, such as fountain grass (Cenchrus setaceum) 
and haole koa (Leucaena leucocephala). Other significant expenditures 
include funds spent on security in response to trespassing and 
vandalism on its Kona lands (QLT 2013).

Summary of Areas Considered for Exclusion

    We are considering exclusion of these non-Federal lands because we 
believe

[[Page 31908]]

the exclusion may result in the continuation, strengthening, or 
encouragement of important conservation partnerships that will 
contribute to the long-term conservation of Bidens micrantha ssp. 
ctenophylla, Mezoneuron kavaiense and Isodendrion pyrifolium. The 
development and implementation of management plans, and ability to 
access private lands necessary for surveys or monitoring designed to 
promote the conservation of these federally listed plant species and 
their habitat, as well as provide for other native species of concern, 
would be important outcomes of these conservation partnerships.
    The final designation may not exclude these areas, or be limited to 
these exclusions, but may also consider other exclusions as a result of 
continuing analysis of relevant considerations (scientific, economic, 
and other relevant factors, as required by the Act) and the public 
comment process. In particular, we solicit comments from the public on 
whether to make the specific exclusions we are considering, and whether 
there are other areas that are appropriate for exclusion.
    The final decision on whether to exclude any area will be based on 
the best scientific data available at the time of the final 
designation, including information obtained during the comment periods 
and information about the economic impact of the designation.

Authors

    The primary authors of this document are the staff members of the 
Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, Pacific Region, U.S. Fish and 
Wildlife Service.

Authority

    The authority for this action is the Endangered Species Act of 
1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.).

    Dated: May 11, 2016.
Karen Hyun,
Acting Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and 
Parks.
[FR Doc. 2016-11941 Filed 5-19-16; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 4333-15-P



                                                    31900                      Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 98 / Friday, May 20, 2016 / Proposed Rules

                                                    52.212–3 Offeror Representations and                    within the SAM database, and for any                  Hawaii Island under the Endangered
                                                    Certifications—Commercial Items.                        liability resulting from the                          Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act).
                                                    *      *     *       *      *                           Government’s reliance on inaccurate or                We are reopening the comment period
                                                    Offeror Representations and Certifications—
                                                                                                            incomplete data. To remain registered in              to allow all interested parties further
                                                    Commercial Items (Date)                                 the SAM database after the initial                    opportunity to comment on areas that
                                                                                                            registration, the Contractor is required              we are considering for exclusion from
                                                    *      *     *     *     *
                                                                                                            to review and update on an annual basis               critical habitat designation in the final
                                                       (b) * * *
                                                       (2) The offeror has completed the                    from the date of initial registration or              rule. Comments previously submitted
                                                    annual representations and                              subsequent updates, its information in                on the proposed rule do not need to be
                                                    certifications electronically via the SAM               the SAM database to ensure it is current,             resubmitted, as they will be fully
                                                    Web site accessed through http://                       accurate and complete. Updating                       considered in preparation of the final
                                                    www.sam.gov. After reviewing the SAM                    information in the SAM does not alter                 rule.
                                                    database information, the offeror verifies              the terms and conditions of this contract             DATES: Written Comments: We will
                                                    by submission of this offer that the                    and is not a substitute for a properly                consider comments received or
                                                    representations and certifications                      executed contractual document.                        postmarked on or before June 6, 2016.
                                                    currently posted electronically at FAR                     (2)(i) If a Contractor has legally                 Please note comments submitted
                                                    52.212–3, Offeror Representations and                   changed its business name or ‘‘doing                  electronically using the Federal
                                                    Certifications—Commercial Items, have                   business as’’ name (whichever is shown                eRulemaking Portal (see ADDRESSES,
                                                    been entered or updated in the last 12                  on the contract), or has transferred the              below) must be received by 11:59 p.m.
                                                    months, are current, accurate, complete,                assets used in performing the contract,               Eastern Time on the closing date. If you
                                                    and applicable to this solicitation                     but has not completed the necessary                   are submitting your comments by hard
                                                    (including the business size standard                   requirements regarding novation and                   copy, please mail them by June 6, 2016,
                                                    applicable to the NAICS code referenced                 change-of-name agreements in FAR                      to ensure that we receive them in time
                                                    for this solicitation), at the time an offer            subpart 42.12, the Contractor shall                   to give them full consideration.
                                                    is submitted and are incorporated in                    provide the responsible Contracting                   ADDRESSES: Document Availability: You
                                                    this offer by reference (see FAR 4.1201),               Officer a minimum of one business                     may obtain copies of the October 17,
                                                    except for paragraphs lll. [Offeror to                  day’s written notification of its intention           2012, proposed rule, this document, and
                                                    identify the applicable paragraphs at (c)               to: change the name in the SAM                        the draft economic analysis of the
                                                    through (r) of this provision that the                  database; comply with the requirements                proposed designation of critical habitat
                                                    offeror has completed for the purposes                  of subpart 42.12; and agree in writing to             at http://www.regulations.gov at Docket
                                                    of this solicitation only, if any.                      the timeline and procedures specified                 Number FWS–R1–ES–2013–0028, from
                                                       These amended representation(s)                      by the responsible Contracting Officer.               the Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife
                                                    and/or certification(s) are also                        The Contractor must provide with the                  Office’s Web site (http://www.fws.gov/
                                                    incorporated in this offer and are                      notification sufficient documentation to              pacificislands/), or by contacting the
                                                    current, accurate, and complete as of                   support the legally changed name.                     Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office
                                                    the date of this offer.                                 *      *       *    *    *                            directly (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION
                                                       Any changes provided by the offeror                  [FR Doc. 2016–11977 Filed 5–19–16; 8:45 am]           CONTACT).
                                                    are applicable to this solicitation only,               BILLING CODE 6820–EP–P                                   Written Comments: You may submit
                                                    and do not result in an update to the                                                                         written comments by one of the
                                                    representations and certifications                                                                            following methods:
                                                    posted electronically on SAM.]                          DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR                               (1) Electronically: Go to the Federal
                                                    *      *     *     *     *                                                                                    eRulemaking Portal: http://
                                                    ■ 33. Amend section 52.212–4 by—                        Fish and Wildlife Service                             www.regulations.gov. Search for Docket
                                                    ■ a. Revising the date of the clause;                                                                         No. FWS–R1–ES–2013–0028, which is
                                                    ■ b. Revising paragraphs (t)(1) and                     50 CFR Part 17                                        the docket number for this rulemaking,
                                                    (t)(2)(i);                                              [Docket No. FWS–R1–ES–2013–0028;                      and follow the directions for submitting
                                                    ■ c. Removing from paragraph (t)(4)                     4500030114]                                           a comment.
                                                    ‘‘https://www.acquisition.gov’’ and                                                                              (2) By hard copy: Submit by U.S. mail
                                                    adding ‘‘https://www.sam.gov’’ in its                   RIN 1018–AZ38                                         or hand-delivery to: Public Comments
                                                    place; and                                                                                                    Processing, Attn: FWS–R1–ES–2013–
                                                                                                            Endangered and Threatened Wildlife
                                                    ■ d. Removing from paragraph (v)                                                                              0028; Division of Policy, Performance,
                                                                                                            and Plants; Designating Critical
                                                    ‘‘System for Award Management                                                                                 and Management Programs; U.S. Fish
                                                                                                            Habitat for Three Plant Species on
                                                    (SAM)’’ and adding ‘‘SAM database’’ in                                                                        and Wildlife Service; MS: BPHC; 5275
                                                                                                            Hawaii Island
                                                    its place.                                                                                                    Leesburg Pike; Falls Church, VA 22041–
                                                       The revised text reads as follows:                   AGENCY:   Fish and Wildlife Service,                  3803.
                                                                                                            Interior.                                                We will post all comments we receive
                                                    52.212–4 Contract Terms and
                                                                                                            ACTION: Proposed rule; reopening of
                                                                                                                                                                  on http://www.regulations.gov. This
                                                    Conditions—Commercial Items.
                                                                                                            comment period.                                       generally means that we will post any
                                                    *      *     *       *      *                                                                                 personal information you provide us
                                                    Contract Terms and Conditions—                          SUMMARY:  We, the U.S. Fish and                       (see Public Comments, below, for more
mstockstill on DSK3G9T082PROD with PROPOSALS




                                                    Commercial Items (Date)                                 Wildlife Service (Service), announce the              information).
                                                    *     *    *     *     *                                reopening of the public comment period                FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
                                                      (t) * * * (1) Unless exempted by an                   on our October 17, 2012, proposed                     Mary Abrams, Field Supervisor, Pacific
                                                    addendum to this contract, the                          designation of critical habitat for three             Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, 300
                                                    Contractor is responsible during                        plant species (Bidens micrantha ssp.                  Ala Moana Boulevard, Room 3–122,
                                                    performance and through final payment                   ctenophylla (kookoolau), Isodendrion                  Honolulu, HI 96850; by telephone at
                                                    of any contract for the currency,                       pyrifolium (wahine noho kula), and                    808–792–9400; or by facsimile at 808–
                                                    accuracy and completeness of the data                   Mezoneuron kavaiense (uhiuhi)) on                     792–9581. Persons who use a


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                                                                               Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 98 / Friday, May 20, 2016 / Proposed Rules                                           31901

                                                    telecommunications device for the deaf                  recommendations from all interested                   included in the public record for this
                                                    (TDD) may call the Federal Information                  parties.                                              rulemaking, and we will fully consider
                                                    Relay Service (FIRS) at 800–877–8339.                      We are particularly interested in                  them in the preparation of our final
                                                                                                            comments concerning whether the                       determination. On the basis of peer
                                                    SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:                              benefits of excluding any particular area             reviewer and public comments, as well
                                                    Public Comments                                         from critical habitat outweigh the                    as any new information we may receive
                                                                                                            benefits of including that area as critical           during the development of our final
                                                       We will accept written comments and                  habitat under section 4(b)(2) of the Act              determination concerning critical
                                                    information during this reopened                        (16 U.S.C. 1533(b)(2)), after considering             habitat, we may find (1) that areas
                                                    comment period on our proposed                          the potential impacts and benefits of the             within the proposed critical habitat
                                                    designation of critical habitat for Bidens              proposed critical habitat designation.                designation do not meet the definition
                                                    micrantha ssp. ctenophylla (kookoolau),                 We are considering the possible                       of critical habitat, (2) that some
                                                    Mezoneuron kavaiense (uhiuhi), and                      exclusion of non-Federal lands,                       modifications to the described
                                                    Isodendrion pyrifolium (wahine noho                     especially areas in private ownership,                boundaries are appropriate, or (3) that
                                                    kula), that was published in the Federal                and whether the benefits of exclusion                 areas may or may not be appropriate for
                                                    Register on October 17, 2012 (77 FR                     may outweigh the benefits of inclusion                exclusion under section 4(b)(2) of the
                                                    63928). In that proposed rule, we                       of those areas. We, therefore, request                Act.
                                                    proposed to list 15 species on the                      specific information on:                                 If you submitted comments or
                                                    Hawaiian island of Hawaii as                               • The benefits of including any                    information on the proposed rule
                                                    endangered species under the Act (16                    specific areas in the final designation               (October 17, 2012; 77 FR 63928) during
                                                    U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), to designate critical             and supporting rationale.                             one of the three previous open comment
                                                    habitat for one of these species, and to                   • The benefits of excluding any                    periods from October 17, 2012, through
                                                    designate critical habitat for two plant                specific areas from the final designation             December 17, 2012 (77 FR 63928), April
                                                    species that were listed as endangered                  and supporting rationale.                             30, 2013, through May 30, 2013 (78 FR
                                                    species in 1986 and 1994. We finalized                     • Whether any specific exclusions
                                                                                                                                                                  25243), and July 2, 2013, through
                                                    the listing determinations of those 15                  may result in the extinction of the
                                                                                                                                                                  September 3, 2013 (78 FR 39698), or at
                                                    species on October 29, 2013 (78 FR                      species and why.
                                                                                                               For non-Federal lands in particular,               the public information meeting or
                                                    64638). Critical habitat has not yet been                                                                     hearing on May 15, 2013 (78 FR 25243),
                                                                                                            we are interested in information
                                                    finalized. We previously reopened the                                                                         please do not resubmit them. We will
                                                                                                            regarding the potential benefits of
                                                    comment period on the proposed                                                                                fully consider them in the preparation
                                                                                                            including such lands in critical habitat
                                                    critical habitat twice: once for 30 days,                                                                     of our final determinations.
                                                                                                            versus the benefits of excluding such
                                                    on April 30, 2013 (78 FR 25243), and                    lands from critical habitat. In weighing                 You may submit your comments by
                                                    again for 60 days on July 2, 2013 (78 FR                the potential benefits of exclusion                   one of the methods listed in ADDRESSES.
                                                    39698).                                                 versus inclusion of non-Federal lands,                We will post your entire comment—
                                                       In particular we are seeking public                  the Service may consider whether                      including your personal identifying
                                                    comment on the areas that we are                        existing partnership agreements provide               information—on http://
                                                    considering for exclusion from the final                for the management of the species. This               www.regulations.gov. If you submit your
                                                    designation of critical habitat for Bidens              consideration may include, for example,               comment via U.S. mail, you may request
                                                    micrantha ssp. ctenophylla (kookoolau),                 the status of conservation efforts, the               at the top of your document that we
                                                    Mezoneuron kavaiense (uhiuhi), and                      effectiveness of any conservation                     withhold personal information such as
                                                    Isodendrion pyrifolium (wahine noho                     agreements to conserve the species, and               your street address, phone number, or
                                                    kula). Although we previously indicated                 the likelihood of the conservation                    email address from public review;
                                                    that we were considering the possible                   agreement’s future implementation. In                 however, we cannot guarantee that we
                                                    exclusion of non-Federal lands,                         addition, we may consider the                         will be able to do so.
                                                    especially areas in private ownership,                  formation or fostering of partnerships                   Comments and materials we receive
                                                    and asked for comment on the broad                      with non-Federal entities that result in              will be available for public inspection
                                                    public benefits of encouraging                          positive conservation outcomes for the                on http://www.regulations.gov at Docket
                                                    collaborative conservation efforts with                 species, as evidenced by the                          No. FWS–R1–ES–2013–0028, or by
                                                    local and private partners, we are now                  development of conservation                           appointment, during normal business
                                                    offering an additional opportunity for                  agreements, as a potential benefit of                 hours, at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
                                                    public comment on this issue.                           exclusion. We request comment on the                  Service, Pacific Islands Fish and
                                                    Subsequent to the publication of the                    broad public benefits of encouraging                  Wildlife Office (see FOR FURTHER
                                                    proposed rule, conservation agreements                                                                        INFORMATION CONTACT).
                                                                                                            collaborative efforts and encouraging
                                                    with the Service were signed by several                 local and private conservation efforts.               Background
                                                    of the landowners previously identified                    Our final determination concerning
                                                    for possible exclusion. Furthermore, the                the designation of critical habitat for               Previous Federal Actions
                                                    Service has identified some additional                  Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla,                      On October 17, 2012, we published a
                                                    areas considered for exclusion based on                 Mezoneuron kavaiense, and Isodendrion                 proposed rule (77 FR 63928) to list 15
                                                    partnerships with landowners who                        pyrifolium will take into consideration               species on the Hawaiian island of
                                                    signed conservation agreements with                     all written comments and information                  Hawaii as endangered species under the
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                                                    the Service subsequent to the                           we receive during all comment periods;                Act, to designate critical habitat for one
                                                    publication of the proposed rule.                       from peer reviewers; and during the                   of these species, Bidens micrantha ssp.
                                                    Therefore, we are offering another                      public information meeting, as well as                ctenophylla, and to designate critical
                                                    opportunity for public comment on the                   comments and public testimony we                      habitat for two previously listed plant
                                                    broad public benefits of encouraging                    received during the public hearing, that              species, Mezoneuron kavaiense (51 FR
                                                    collaborative conservation efforts with                 we held in Kailua-Kona, Hawaii, on                    24672, July 8, 1986) and Isodendrion
                                                    local and private partners. We will                     May 15, 2013 (see 78 FR 25243; April                  pyrifolium (59 FR 10305, March 3,
                                                    consider information and                                30, 2013). The comments will be                       1994). We proposed to designate 18,766


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                                                    31902                      Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 98 / Friday, May 20, 2016 / Proposed Rules

                                                    acres (ac) (7,597 hectares (ha)) on the                 the Secretary with the discretion to                     When identifying the benefits of
                                                    island of Hawaii. Approximately 55                      exclude certain areas from the final                  inclusion for an area, we consider the
                                                    percent of the area proposed as critical                designation after taking into                         additional regulatory benefits that area
                                                    habitat is already designated as critical               consideration economic impacts,                       would receive due to the protection
                                                    habitat for 41plants and the Blackburn’s                impacts on national security, and any                 from destruction or adverse
                                                    sphinx moth (Manduca blackburni), for                   other relevant impacts of specifying any              modification as a result of actions with
                                                    which critical habitat was designated on                particular area as critical habitat.                  a Federal nexus; the educational
                                                    July 2, 2003 (68 FR 39624), and June 10,                                                                      benefits of mapping essential habitat for
                                                    2003 (68 FR 34710), respectively.                       Consideration of Impacts Under Section                recovery of the listed species; and any
                                                       In our October 17, 2012, proposed                    4(b)(2) of the Act                                    benefits that may result from a
                                                    rule (77 FR 63928), we announced a 60-                    Section 4(b)(2) of the Act requires that            designation due to State or Federal laws
                                                    day comment period, which began on                      we designate or revise critical habitat               that may apply to critical habitat.
                                                    October 17, 2012, and ended on                          based upon the best scientific data                   Additionally, continued
                                                    December 17, 2012. On April 30, 2013,                   available, after taking into consideration            implementation of a management plan
                                                    we announced the availability of the                    the economic impact, impact on                        that provides equal to or more
                                                    draft economic analysis on the proposed                 national security, or any other relevant              conservation than a critical habitat
                                                    designation of critical habitat, and                    impact of specifying any particular area              designation would reduce the benefits
                                                    reopened the comment period on our                      as critical habitat. The Secretary may                of including that specific area in the
                                                    proposed rule, the draft economic                       exclude an area from critical habitat if              critical habitat designation.
                                                    analysis, and amended required                          she determines that the benefits of such                 When identifying the benefits of
                                                    determinations for another 30 days,                     exclusion outweigh the benefits of                    exclusion, we consider, among other
                                                    ending May 30, 2013 (78 FR 25243). On                   specifying such area as part of the                   things, whether exclusion of a specific
                                                    April 30, 2013, we also announced a                     critical habitat, unless she determines,              area is likely to result in conservation
                                                    public information meeting in Kailua-                   based on the best scientific data                     and the continuation, strengthening, or
                                                    Kona, Hawaii, which we held on May                      available, that the failure to designate              encouragement of partnerships.
                                                    15, 2013, followed by a public hearing                  such area as critical habitat will result                When we evaluate a management plan
                                                    on that same day (78 FR 25243). On July                 in the extinction of the species. In                  during our consideration of the benefits
                                                    2, 2013, we announced the reopening of                  making that determination, the statute                of exclusion, we assess a variety of
                                                    the comment period on the proposed                      on its face, as well as the legislative               factors, including but not limited to,
                                                    designation of critical habitat and the                 history, are clear that the Secretary has             whether the plan is finalized, how it
                                                    draft economic analysis for an                          broad discretion regarding which                      provides for the conservation of the
                                                    additional 60 days, through September                                                                         essential physical or biological features,
                                                                                                            factor(s) to use and how much weight to
                                                    3, 2013 (78 FR 39698).                                                                                        whether there is a reasonable
                                                                                                            give to any factor.
                                                                                                                                                                  expectation that the conservation
                                                    Critical Habitat                                          When considering the benefits of                    management strategies and actions
                                                       Section 3 of the Act defines critical                exclusion, we consider, among other                   contained in a management plan will be
                                                    habitat as the specific areas within the                things, whether exclusion of a specific               implemented into the future, whether
                                                    geographical area occupied by a species,                area is likely to result in conservation;             the conservation strategies in the plan
                                                    at the time it is listed in accordance                  the continuation, strengthening, or                   are likely to be effective, and whether
                                                    with the Act, on which are found those                  encouragement of partnerships; or                     the plan contains a monitoring program
                                                    physical or biological features essential               implementation of a management plan.                  or adaptive management to ensure that
                                                    to the conservation of the species and                  In the case of Bidens micrantha ssp.                  the conservation measures are effective
                                                    that may require special management                     ctenophylla, Isodendrion pyrifolium,                  and can be adapted in the future in
                                                    considerations or protection, and                       and Mezoneuron kavaiense, the benefits                response to new information.
                                                    specific areas outside the geographical                 of critical habitat include public                       After identifying the benefits of
                                                    area occupied by a species at the time                  awareness of the presence of the three                inclusion and the benefits of exclusion,
                                                    it is listed, upon a determination that                 species and the importance of habitat                 we carefully weigh the two sides to
                                                    such areas are essential for the                        protection, and, where a Federal nexus                evaluate whether the benefits of
                                                    conservation of the species. If the                     exists, increased habitat protection for              exclusion outweigh those of inclusion.
                                                    proposed rule is made final, section 7 of               the three species due to protection from              If our analysis indicates that the benefits
                                                    the Act will prohibit destruction or                    adverse modification or destruction of                of exclusion outweigh the benefits of
                                                    adverse modification of critical habitat                critical habitat. In practice, situations             inclusion, we then determine whether
                                                    by any activity funded, authorized, or                  with a Federal nexus exist primarily on               exclusion would result in extinction of
                                                    carried out by any Federal agency                       Federal lands or for projects undertaken              the species. If exclusion of an area from
                                                    unless it is exempted pursuant to the                   by Federal agencies.                                  critical habitat will result in extinction,
                                                    provisions of the Act (16 U.S.C.                          In considering whether to exclude a                 we will not exclude it from the
                                                    1536(e)–(n) and (p)). Federal agencies                  particular area from the designation, we              designation.
                                                    proposing actions affecting critical                    identify the benefits of including the                   Based on the information provided by
                                                    habitat must consult with us on the                     area in the designation, identify the                 entities seeking exclusion, as well as
                                                    effects of their proposed actions, under                benefits of excluding the area from the               any additional public comments
                                                    section 7(a)(2) of the Act.                             designation, and evaluate whether the                 received, we will evaluate whether
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                                                       Consistent with the best scientific                  benefits of exclusion outweigh the                    certain lands in proposed critical habitat
                                                    data available, the standards of the Act,               benefits of inclusion. If the analysis                Hawaii—Lowland Dry—Units 31, 32,
                                                    and our regulations, we initially                       indicates that the benefits of exclusion              33, 34, and 35 are appropriate for
                                                    identified and proposed a total of 18,766               outweigh the benefits of inclusion, the               exclusion from the final designation
                                                    ac (7,597 ha) in 7 units for three plant                Secretary may exercise her discretion to              under section 4(b)(2) of the Act. If the
                                                    species located on the island of Hawaii,                exclude the area only if such exclusion               analysis indicates that the benefits of
                                                    that meet the definition of critical                    will not result in the extinction of the              excluding lands from the final
                                                    habitat. In addition, the Act provides                  species.                                              designation outweigh the benefits of


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                                                                                Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 98 / Friday, May 20, 2016 / Proposed Rules                                                                  31903

                                                    designating those lands as critical                      units for potential exclusion from the                             approximate areas (ac, ha) of these lands
                                                    habitat, then the Secretary may exercise                 final critical habitat designation for                             that meet the definition of critical
                                                    her discretion to exclude the lands from                 Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla,                                 habitat but were proposed for
                                                    the final designation.                                   Isodendrion pyrifolium, and                                        consideration for possible exclusion
                                                      In our October 17, 2012, proposed                      Mezoneuron kavaiense under section                                 under section 4(b)(2) of the Act from the
                                                    rule (77 FR 63928), we identified areas                  4(b)(2) of the Act. Table 1 provides                               final critical habitat rule.
                                                    in four of the proposed critical habitat

                                                       TABLE 1—AREAS CONSIDERED FOR EXCLUSION IN THE 2012 PROPOSED RULE (77 FR 63928), BY CRITICAL HABITAT
                                                                                                      UNIT
                                                                                                                                                                                                     Areas meeting        Areas
                                                                                                                                                                                                      the definition    considered
                                                                                                                                                                                                         of critical   for possible
                                                                                 Unit                                                             Specific area                                         habitat, in    exclusion, in
                                                                                                                                                                                                           acres           acres
                                                                                                                                                                                                        (hectares)      (hectares)

                                                    Hawaii—Lowland Dry—Unit 31 ....................................   Kamehameha Schools .................................................            2,834 (1,147)     2,834 (1,147)
                                                    Hawaii—Lowland Dry—Unit 33 ....................................   Palamanui Global Holdings LLC ..................................                    502 (203)         502 (203)
                                                    Hawaii—Lowland Dry—Unit 34 ....................................   Kaloko Properties Corp. ...............................................               48 (19)           48 (19)
                                                                                                                      SCD–TSA Kaloko Makai LLC ......................................                     558 (226)         558 (226)
                                                                                                                      TSA Corporation ...........................................................           26 (10)           26 (10)
                                                                                                                      Lanihau Properties .......................................................            47 (19)           47 (19)
                                                    Hawaii—Lowland Dry—Unit 35 ....................................   Department of Hawaiian Home Lands .........................                         355 (144)           87 (35)



                                                      We are now considering whether to                      under our consideration for possible                               consideration of these additional lands
                                                    exclude additional areas. Table 2 below                  exclusion under section 4(b)(2) of the                             for exclusion under section 4(b)(2) of
                                                    provides approximate areas (ac, ha) of                   Act from the final critical habitat rule.                          the Act.
                                                    the additional lands that meet the                       In the paragraphs that follow below, we
                                                    definition of critical habitat but are now               provide a detailed analysis of our

                                                                           TABLE 2—ADDITIONAL AREAS CONSIDERED FOR EXCLUSION, BY CRITICAL HABITAT UNIT
                                                                                                                                                                                                     Areas meeting         Areas
                                                                                                                                                                                                      the definition   considered for
                                                                                                                                                                                                         of critical      possible
                                                                                 Unit                                                             Specific area                                         habitat, in     exclusion, in
                                                                                                                                                                                                           acres           acres
                                                                                                                                                                                                        (hectares)       (hectares)

                                                    Hawaii—Lowland Dry—Unit 32 ....................................   Waikoloa Village Association .......................................              1,758 (711)       1,758 (711)
                                                    Hawaii—Lowland Dry—Unit 33 ....................................   Department of Hawaiian Home Lands .........................                           91 (30)           91 (30)
                                                    Hawaii—Lowland Dry—Unit 35 ....................................   County of Hawaii (State) ..............................................              165 (67)          165 (67)
                                                                                                                      Hawaii Housing and Finance Development Corpora-                                       30 (12)           30 (12)
                                                                                                                        tion (State).
                                                                                                                      Department of Hawaiian Home Lands .........................                         401 (165)        401 (165)
                                                                                                                      Forest City Kona ...........................................................        265 (107)        265 (107)
                                                                                                                      Queen Liliuokalani Trust ...............................................            302 (122)        302 (122)



                                                    Exclusions Based on Other Relevant                       government-to-government relationship                              involvement, or in partnership with the
                                                    Impacts                                                  of the United States with tribal entities.                         Service.
                                                                                                             We also consider any social impacts that                             We evaluate a variety of factors to
                                                      Under section 4(b)(2) of the Act, we                   might occur because of the designation.
                                                    consider any other relevant impacts, in                                                                                     determine how the benefits of any
                                                    addition to economic impacts and                           We sometimes exclude specific areas                              exclusion and the benefits of inclusion
                                                    impacts on national security. We                         from critical habitat designations based                           are affected by the existence of private
                                                    consider a number of factors including                   in part on the existence of private or                             or other non-Federal conservation plans
                                                    whether there are permitted                              other non-Federal conservation plans or                            or agreements and their attendant
                                                    conservation plans covering the species                  agreements and their attendant                                     partnerships when we undertake a
                                                    in the area such as habitat conservation                 partnerships. A conservation plan or                               discretionary section 4(b)(2) exclusion
                                                    plans, safe harbor agreements, or                        agreement describes actions that are                               analysis. A non-exhaustive list of factors
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                                                    candidate conservation agreements with                   designed to provide for the conservation                           that we will consider for non-permitted
                                                    assurances, or whether there are non-                    needs of a species and its habitat, and                            plans or agreements is shown below.
                                                    permitted conservation agreements and                    may include actions to reduce or                                   These factors are not required elements
                                                    partnerships that would be encouraged                    mitigate negative effects on the species                           of plans or agreements, and all items
                                                    by designation of, or exclusion from,                    caused by activities on or adjacent to the                         may not apply to every plan or
                                                    critical habitat. In addition, we look at                area covered by the plan. Conservation                             agreement.
                                                    the existence of tribal conservation                     plans or agreements can be developed                                 (i) The degree to which the plan or
                                                    plans and partnerships and consider the                  by private entities with no Service                                agreement provides for the conservation of



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                                                    31904                      Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 98 / Friday, May 20, 2016 / Proposed Rules

                                                    the species or the essential physical or                managed by Waikoloa Village                           County of Hawaii, Department of
                                                    biological features (if present) for the species;       Association, County of Hawaii, Hawaii                 Hawaiian Homelands, Department of
                                                       (ii) Whether there is a reasonable                   Housing and Finance Development                       Land and Natural Resources, and other
                                                    expectation that the conservation
                                                                                                            Corporation, Forest City Kona, and                    stakeholders in proposed Critical
                                                    management strategies and actions contained
                                                    in a management plan or agreement will be               Queen Liliuokalani Trust. Therefore, at               Habitat Units 31, 33, 34, and 35, to
                                                    implemented;                                            this time we request public comment on                address species protection and recovery
                                                       (iii) The demonstrated implementation and            the following: the benefits of including              and development on a regional scale. In
                                                    success of the chosen conservation measures;            any specific areas in the final                       2015, Palamanui signed a memorandum
                                                       (iv) The degree to which the record of the           designation and supporting rationale,                 of understanding (MOU) with the
                                                    plan supports a conclusion that a critical              benefits of excluding any specific areas              Service wherein they agreed to
                                                    habitat designation would impair the                    from the final designation and                        implement important conservation
                                                    realization of benefits expected from the                                                                     actions beneficial to Bidens micrantha
                                                    plan, agreement, or partnership;
                                                                                                            supporting rationale, and whether any
                                                       (v) The extent of public participation in the        specific exclusions may result in the                 ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion
                                                    development of the conservation plan;                   extinction of the species and why. The                pyrifolium, and Mezoneuron kavaiense,
                                                       (vi) The degree to which there has been              three of the areas originally proposed for            and the lowland dry ecosystem upon
                                                    agency review and required determinations               exclusion, as well as the additional                  which they depend (Memorandum of
                                                    (e.g., State regulatory requirements), as               areas being considered for exclusion, are             Understanding Between Palamanui
                                                    necessary and appropriate;                              briefly described below.                              Global Holdings LLC and U.S.
                                                       (vii) Whether National Environmental                                                                       Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife
                                                    Policy Act (NEPA; 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.)               Certain Areas Considered for Exclusion                Service 2015). In the MOU, Palamanui
                                                    compliance was required; and                            in the 2012 Proposed Rule                             agreed to increase the area of fenced and
                                                       (viii) Whether the plan or agreement
                                                    contains a monitoring program and adaptive              Palamanui Global Holdings, LLC                        managed lowland dry forest protected
                                                    management to ensure that the conservation                                                                    within the Preserve by 19 ac (7.7 ha), for
                                                                                                               In the October 17, 2012, proposed rule
                                                    measures are effective and can be modified                                                                    a total of approximately 75 ac (30 ha).
                                                                                                            (77 FR 63928), we stated that we were
                                                    in the future in response to new information.                                                                 Palamanui also agreed to ensure funding
                                                                                                            considering the exclusion of 502 ac (203
                                                                                                                                                                  for conservation actions within the
                                                      In the proposed rule (October 17,                     ha) owned or managed by Palamanui
                                                                                                                                                                  Preserve for the next 20 years at a
                                                    2012; 77 FR 63928), we identified                       Global Holdings, LLC (Palamanui).                     minimum of $50,000 per year.
                                                    several specific areas under                            These lands fall within a portion of the              Palamanui will also contribute
                                                    consideration for exclusion from critical               1,583 ac (640 ha) proposed as critical                conservation actions valued at an
                                                    habitat based on the landowner’s                        habitat in Hawaii—Lowland Dry—Unit                    additional $200,000 to benefit the
                                                    conservation partnerships; these                        33; the proposed unit is occupied by                  recovery of the three plant species and
                                                    exclusions totaled approximately 4,099                  Mezoneuron kavaiense, and unoccupied                  the lowland dry ecosystem, and agreed
                                                    ac (1,659 ha) of State land and private                 but essential to the conservation of                  to work cooperatively with the Service
                                                    lands. The areas identified for potential               Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla and                 or other conservation partners to
                                                    exclusion, as detailed in our proposed                  Isodendrion pyrifolium (77 FR 63928;                  conduct activities expected to benefit
                                                    rule, included lands owned or managed                   October 17, 2012). Palamanui has                      Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla,
                                                    by Kamehameha Schools; Palamanui                        demonstrated their willingness to work                Isodendrion pyrifolium, and
                                                    Global Holdings, LLC; Kaloko Properties                 as a conservation partner by                          Mezoneuron kavaiense and their
                                                    Corp.; Lanihau Properties; SCD–TSA                      undertaking site management that                      habitat. Implementation has already
                                                    Kaloko Makai, LLC; TSA Corporation;                     provides important conservation                       been initiated on the following actions
                                                    and the Department of Hawaiian                          benefits to the native Hawaiian species               agreed to in the MOU: (1) Firebreak
                                                    Homelands. We asked for public                          that depend upon the lowland dry                      maintenance around the Preserve; (2)
                                                    comment on the potential exclusions,                    ecosystem habitat. Under an integrated                fence maintenance to exclude ungulates
                                                    and for information regarding the                       natural cultural resource management                  from the Preserve and removal of
                                                    potential benefits of including private                 plan (INCRMP 2005) addressing                         ungulates that had been allowed to enter
                                                    lands in critical habitat versus the                    preservation, mitigation, management,                 the Preserve; (3) regular weed control in
                                                    benefits of excluding such lands from                   and stewardship measures for the                      the Preserve; and (4) propagation,
                                                    critical habitat. After publication of the              natural and cultural resources at the                 outplanting, and maintenance of listed
                                                    proposed rule, three of these                           Palamanui development, Palamanui                      species in the Preserve.
                                                    landowners (Palamanui Global                            successfully implemented the following
                                                    Holdings, LLC; Lanihau Properties; and                  conservation actions on their lands: (1)              Lanihau Properties
                                                    the Department of Hawaiian                              Fencing to protect a 55-ac (22-ha)                      In the October 17, 2012, proposed rule
                                                    Homelands) signed memoranda of                          Lowland Dry Forest Preserve (Preserve)                (77 FR 63928), we considered the
                                                    understanding with the Service covering                 and other endangered plant locations                  exclusion of 47 ac (19 ha) of land
                                                    actions beneficial to Bidens micrantha                  outside the Preserve; (2) maintenance of              owned/managed by Lanihau Properties.
                                                    ssp. ctenophylla, Mezoneuron                            firebreaks to control the threat of fire at           These lands fall within a portion of the
                                                    kavaiense, and Isodendrion pyrifolium.                  the Preserve and other endangered plant               961 ac (389 ha) proposed as critical
                                                    Furthermore, in the proposed rule we                    locations outside the Preserve; (3)                   habitat in Hawaii— Lowland Dry—Unit
                                                    noted that exclusions in the final rule                 establishment of the Palamanui Dry                    34; the proposed unit is occupied by
                                                    would not necessarily be limited to                     Forest Working Group and research                     Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, and
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                                                    those we initially identified in the                    partnership; and (4) partnerships with                Mezoneuron kavaiense, and unoccupied
                                                    proposed rule. Subsequent to                            other landowners and practitioners to                 but essential to the conservation of
                                                    publication of the proposed rule, we                    benefit the conservation and recovery of              Isodendrion pyrifolium (77 FR 63928;
                                                    identified additional private or non-                   dry forest species and their habitat.                 October 17, 2012). Lanihau Properties
                                                    Federal lands that we are considering                      Subsequent to the publication of the               has demonstrated their willingness to
                                                    for exclusion from critical habitat, based              October 17, 2012, proposed rule,                      work as a conservation partner by
                                                    on conservation partnerships with the                   Palamanui participated in a series of                 undertaking site management that
                                                    Service. These include lands owned or                   collaborative meetings with the Service,              provides important conservation


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                                                                               Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 98 / Friday, May 20, 2016 / Proposed Rules                                           31905

                                                    benefits to the native Hawaiian species                 kavaiense, and unoccupied by but                      species; and (5) promoting community
                                                    that depend upon the lowland dry                        essential to the conservation of Bidens               volunteer and education programs that
                                                    ecosystem habitat. In 2010, Lanihau                     micrantha ssp. ctenophylla and                        support native plant conservation.
                                                    Properties agreed to set aside a 4.6-ac                 Isodendrion pyrifolium. The DHHL also                   Subsequent to the publication of the
                                                    (1.9-ha) area as a dryland forest reserve               owns 401 ac (165 ha) of the 1,192 ac                  October 17, 2012, proposed rule, the
                                                    and implement conservation measures                     (485 ha) proposed as critical habitat in              DHHL participated in a series of
                                                    as a condition for issuance of a county                 Hawaii—Lowland Dry—Unit 35; this
                                                                                                                                                                  collaborative meetings with the Service,
                                                    grading permit associated with the                      proposed unit is occupied by Bidens
                                                                                                                                                                  County of Hawaii, Department of Land
                                                    construction of the Ane Keohokalole                     micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion
                                                                                                                                                                  and Natural Resources, and other
                                                    Highway (USFWS 2010, in litt.).                         pyrifolium, and Mezoneuron kavaiense
                                                      Subsequent to the publication of the                  (77 FR 63928; October 17, 2012).                      stakeholders in Units 31, 33, 34, and 35,
                                                    October 17, 2012, proposed rule,                           The DHHL has worked in partnership                 to address species protection and
                                                    Lanihau Properties participated in a                    with the Service to protect and restore               recovery and development on a regional
                                                    series of collaborative meetings along                  endangered and threatened species and                 scale. In 2015, the DHHL signed an
                                                    with the Service, County of Hawaii,                     their habitats during the last 15 years on            MOU with the Service for a
                                                    Department of Hawaiian Homelands,                       Hawaii Island. In December 2010, the                  conservation agreement expected to
                                                    Department of Land and Natural                          Hawaiian Homes Commission adopted                     benefit the recovery of Bidens
                                                    Resources, and other stakeholders in                    the ‘‘Aina Mauna Legacy Program,’’ a                  micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion
                                                    proposed Critical Habitat Units 31, 33,                 100-year plan to reforest approximately               pyrifolium, and Mezoneuron kavaiense,
                                                    34, and 35, to address species protection               87 percent of a 56,200-ac (22,743-ha)                 as well as other rare and listed plant
                                                    and recovery and development on a                       contiguous parcel managed by DHHL on                  species and their habitat in the lowland
                                                    regional scale. In 2014, Lanihau                        the eastern slope of Mauna Kea, Hawaii                dry ecosystem (Memorandum of
                                                    Properties signed an MOU with the                       Island. Implementation of the Aina                    Understanding Between the Department
                                                    Service wherein they agreed to                          Mauna Legacy Program calls for removal                of Hawaiian Home Lands and U.S.
                                                    implement important conservation                        of all feral ungulates from the Aina                  Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife
                                                    actions beneficial to Bidens micrantha                  Mauna landscape and several                           Service 2015). Under the agreement, the
                                                    ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion                           restoration projects have been                        DHHL will continue to protect the 73 ac
                                                    pyrifolium, and Mezoneuron kavaiense,                   implemented to benefit endangered and                 (29 ha) of existing preserves and agrees
                                                    as well as other rare and endangered                    threatened species and their habitats                 to set aside and not develop an
                                                    plant species and their habitat in the                  (DHHL 2009, pp. 19–21). Each of these                 additional 24 ac (10 ha) for a total
                                                    lowland dry ecosystem (Memorandum                       projects received funding from the                    protected area of 97 ac (39 ha) to benefit
                                                    of Understanding between Lanihau                        Service’s Partners for Fish and Wildlife              the recovery of the three plant species
                                                    Properties and U.S. Department of                       Program for 10-year landowner                         and the lowland dry ecosystem. The
                                                    Interior Fish and Wildlife Service 2014,                agreements to maintain the conservation               DHHL agreed in the MOU to funding
                                                    entire). In the agreement, Lanihau                      actions, and includes multiple partners               conservation actions valued at $3.229
                                                    Properties agreed to set aside and not                  such as the State, National Wildlife                  million on 44 ac (18 ha) of the existing
                                                    undertake development in an                             Refuge System, and the Mauna Kea                      preserves for 40 years and within the
                                                    approximately 16-ac (6-ha) area, adding                 Watershed Alliance.                                   additional 24 ac (10 ha) for 20 years.
                                                    11.4 ac (4.6 ha) to the previous 4.6-ac                    From 1996 to 2006, the DHHL                        The remaining 29 ac (ha) of existing
                                                    (1.9-ha) set aside, and work                            acquired a total of approximately 685 ac              preserves will not be actively managed
                                                    cooperatively with the Service or other                 (277 ha) at Laiopua, Kealakehe, and
                                                                                                                                                                  but will remain protected from
                                                    conservation partners to conduct                        Keahuolu from the Hawaii Housing
                                                                                                                                                                  development. Conservation actions on
                                                    activities expected to benefit the                      Finance Development Corporation
                                                                                                                                                                  the 68 managed acres include: (1)
                                                    conservation of the three species and                   (HHFDC, previously HCDCH)
                                                                                                                                                                  Fencing to exclude ungulates; (2)
                                                    the lowland dry ecosystem for the next                  (Masagatani 2012, in litt.) and
                                                                                                                                                                  control and the prevention of the threat
                                                    20 years.                                               subsequently committed two parcels
                                                                                                            equaling approximately 40 ac (16 ha) for              of fire; (3) control and removal of
                                                    Department of Hawaiian Home Lands                       the development, management, and                      nonnative plant species; (4)
                                                      In the October 17, 2012, proposed rule                maintenance as preserves with the sole                propagation, outplanting, and care of
                                                    (77 FR 63928), we announced we were                     purpose of protecting of Bidens                       Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla,
                                                    considering the exclusion of 87 ac (35                  micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion               Isodendrion pyrifolium, and
                                                    ha) of lands owned by the Department                    pyrifolium, Mezoneuron kavaiense, and                 Mezoneuron kavaiense, and other rare
                                                    of Hawaiian Home Lands (DHHL) out of                    other endangered species. The three                   and endangered plant species; and (5)
                                                    the total 446 ac (181 ha) of DHHL land                  parcels included the two principal                    other management actions expected to
                                                    proposed as critical habitat. Based on a                preserves of the 1999 plan and the area               benefit the recovery of listed plant
                                                    new MOU evidencing a more robust                        identified for protection of                          species and the lowland dry ecosystem.
                                                    partnership with the Service,                           archaeological resources, for a total of              Implementation has already been
                                                    summarized below, and updated land                      73 ac (29 ha) protected. Since 2010, the              initiated on the following actions agreed
                                                    ownership records that added                            DHHL has committed approximately                      to in the MOU: (1) Fence and firebreak
                                                    approximately 46.5 ac (18.4 ha) to                      $1,198,052 for the development and                    maintenance around the preserves; (2)
                                                    DHHL’s land considered for exclusion,                   management of the preserve areas                      regular weed control of the managed
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                                                    we are now considering the exclusion of                 (Masagatani 2012, in litt.). Conservation             areas in the preserves; and (3) initiated
                                                    492 ac (199 ha) of lands owned by                       actions in the preserve areas include: (1)            improvements to the fences and gates in
                                                    DHHL. These lands fall within portions                  Fencing to exclude ungulates and                      the existing Aupaka Preserve, including
                                                    of two proposed units. The DHHL owns                    prevent human trespass; (2) control and               raising the height of the fence to exclude
                                                    91 ac (30 ha) of the 1,583 ac (640 ha)                  removal of nonnative plants; (3) control              ungulates and removing barbed wire,
                                                    proposed as critical habitat in Hawaii—                 and prevention of the threat of fire; (4)             which is a threat to the endangered
                                                    Lowland Dry—Unit 33; this proposed                      propagation, outplanting, and care of                 Hawaiian hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus
                                                    unit is occupied by Mezoneuron                          common native and endangered plant                    semotus).


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                                                    31906                      Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 98 / Friday, May 20, 2016 / Proposed Rules

                                                    Additional Areas Currently Under                        County of Hawaii                                      these three areas together create
                                                    Consideration for Exclusion                               We are considering exclusion of 165                 approximately 47.9 contiguous acres
                                                                                                            ac (67 ha) of lands owned by the State                (19.4 ha) protected for the conservation
                                                    Waikoloa Village Association
                                                                                                            of Hawaii that are under management of                of the three species and the lowland dry
                                                      We are considering excluding 1,758                                                                          ecosystem. The remaining 8-ac (3.2-ha)
                                                                                                            the County of Hawaii (County). These
                                                    ac (711 ha) of lands from critical habitat                                                                    set-aside is located within the proposed
                                                                                                            lands fall within a portion of the 1,192
                                                    that are owned or managed by the                                                                              Kealakehe Regional Park and adjacent to
                                                                                                            ac (485 ha) proposed as critical habitat
                                                    Waikoloa Village Association (WVA).                                                                           an existing 3.4-ac (1.4-ha) preserve
                                                                                                            in Hawaii—Lowland Dry—Unit 35; the
                                                    These lands include the majority of the                                                                       managed by County but owned by the
                                                                                                            proposed unit is occupied by Bidens
                                                    1,779 ac (720) proposed as critical                                                                           Hawaiian Department of Land and
                                                                                                            micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion
                                                    habitat in Hawaii—Lowland Dry—Unit                                                                            Natural Resources. Because the
                                                    32; the proposed unit is occupied by                    pyrifolium, and Mezoneuron kavaiense
                                                                                                            (77 FR 63928; October 17, 2012). Since                conservation actions will occur in some
                                                    one of the three plant species,                                                                               areas jointly managed by the County
                                                    Mezoneuron kavaiense, and is                            2010, the County of Hawaii (County) has
                                                                                                            been involved in voluntary cooperative                and other agencies or at offsite
                                                    unoccupied but essential to the                                                                               locations, the County will work
                                                    conservation of Bidens micrantha ssp.                   partnerships and conservation
                                                                                                            agreements with the Service for the                   cooperatively and in partnership with
                                                    ctenophylla and Isodendrion pyrifolium                                                                        these landowners. These conservation
                                                    (77 FR 63928; October 17, 2012). Since                  conservation of rare and endangered
                                                                                                                                                                  actions will include: (1) Fencing to
                                                    2012, the WVA has voluntarily                           species and their habitats. In 2010, the
                                                                                                                                                                  exclude ungulates; (2) control and
                                                    facilitated and supported the                           County helped facilitate protection of
                                                                                                                                                                  prevention of the threat of fire; (3)
                                                    conservation of Isodendrion pyrifolium                  over 150 ac (61 ha) of lowland dry
                                                                                                                                                                  control of nonnative plant species; and
                                                    and Mezoneuron kavaiense and other                      ecosystem habitat known to contain
                                                                                                                                                                  (4) other management actions expected
                                                    federally listed species and their habitat              numerous listed plant species (USFWS
                                                                                                                                                                  to benefit the recovery of listed plant
                                                    in the lowland dry ecosystem, on their                  2010, in litt.).
                                                                                                              Subsequent to the publication of the                species and the lowland dry ecosystem.
                                                    privately owned lands. In 2012, the
                                                    WVA Board of Directors granted                          October 17, 2012, proposed rule, the                  Hawaii Housing Finance and
                                                    permission to protect and restore 275 ac                County participated in a series of                    Development Corporation
                                                    (111 ha) of dry forest habitat south of                 collaborative meetings with the Service,                We are considering exclusion of 30 ac
                                                    Waikoloa Village for a period of 75 years               Department of Hawaiian Homelands,                     (12 ha) of lands owned by the State of
                                                    by way of a license agreement with the                  Department of Land and Natural                        Hawaii that are under management of
                                                    nonprofit Waikoloa Dry Forest                           Resources, and other stakeholders in                  the Hawaii Housing Finance and
                                                    Initiative, Inc. The project’s                          Units 31, 33, 34, and 35, to address                  Development Corporation (HHFDC).
                                                    management program includes: (1)                        species protection and recovery and                   These lands fall within a portion of the
                                                    Construction and maintenance of a 275-                  development on a regional scale. In                   1,192 ac (485 ha) proposed as critical
                                                    ac (111-ha) fence to exclude ungulates;                 2015, the County signed an MOU with                   habitat in Hawaii—Lowland Dry—Unit
                                                    (2) removal of ungulates from the fenced                the Service wherein they agreed to                    35; the proposed unit is occupied by
                                                    exclosure; (3) control of nonnative plant               implement important conservation                      Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla,
                                                    species to reduce competition and the                   actions beneficial to Bidens micrantha                Isodendrion pyrifolium, and
                                                    threat of fire; (4) integrated pest                     ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion                         Mezoneuron kavaiense (77 FR 63928;
                                                    management to reduce impacts on                         pyrifolium, and Mezoneuron kavaiense,                 October 17, 2012). The HHFDC has
                                                    native plant species; (5) provision of                  as well as other rare and listed plant                demonstrated their willingness to work
                                                    infrastructure for propagation and                      species and their habitat in the lowland              as a conservation partner by
                                                    maintenance of outplantings; (6)                        dry ecosystem (Memorandum of                          undertaking site management that
                                                    establishment of common native and                      Understanding Between County of                       provides important conservation
                                                    endangered plant species; and (7)                       Hawaii and U.S. Department of Interior                benefits to the native Hawaiian species
                                                    education and community outreach                        Fish and Wildlife Service 2015, entire).              that depend upon the lowland dry
                                                    activities. Furthermore, in 2014, the                   The County agreed to set aside and not                ecosystem habitat.
                                                    WVA signed an MOU with the Service                      develop approximately 30 ac (12 ha) of                  Subsequent to the publication of the
                                                    wherein they agreed to implement                        lands under its management, and also                  proposed rule, HHFDC participated in a
                                                    important conservation actions                          agreed to conduct conservation actions                series of collaborative meetings with the
                                                    beneficial to Mezoneuron kavaiense,                     valued at $1.534 million on a total of                Service, Department of Hawaiian
                                                    Isodendrion pyrifolium and Bidens                       50.1 ac (20.3 ha) to benefit the recovery             Homelands, Department of Land and
                                                    micrantha ssp. ctenophylla and the                      of the three plant species, as well as                Natural Resources, and other
                                                    lowland dry ecosystem upon which                        other rare and listed plant species and               stakeholders in Units 31, 33, 34, and 35,
                                                    they depend (Memorandum of                              their habitat in the lowland dry                      to address species protection and
                                                    Understanding between Waikoloa                          ecosystem, over the next 20 years. The                recovery and development on a regional
                                                    Village Association and U.S.                            50.1 ac (20.3 ha) where conservation                  scale. In 2016, HHFDC signed an MOU
                                                    Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife                actions will occur includes 30 ac (12 ha)             with the Service wherein they agreed to
                                                    Service 2014, entire). The WVA agreed                   owned by the County, 4.2 ac (1.7 ha)                  implement important conservation
                                                    not to undertake development in 60 ac                   owned by the Hawaii Housing Finance                   actions beneficial to Bidens micrantha
                                                    (24 ha) adjacent to the Waikoloa Dry                    and Development Corporation, and 15.9                 ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion
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                                                    Forest Recovery Project’s 275-ac (111-                  ac (6.4) owned by Lanihau Properties.                 pyrifolium and Mezoneuron kavaiense
                                                    ha) exclosure and to work cooperatively                 Of the total 30 ac (12 ha) of County land             and their habitat, as well as to other rare
                                                    with the Service or other conservation                  protected from development, 22 ac (8.9                and federally listed species and their
                                                    partners to conduct activities expected                 ha) are adjacent to a 4.2-ac (1.7-ha) set-            habitat in the lowland dry ecosystem
                                                    to benefit Mezoneuron kavaiense,                        aside by the Hawaii Housing Finance                   (Memorandum of Understanding
                                                    Isodendrion pyrifolium, and Bidens                      and Development Corporation and                       Between Hawaii Housing Finance and
                                                    micrantha ssp. ctenophylla and their                    another 21.7-ac (8.8-ha) set-aside by the             Development Corporation and U.S.
                                                    habitat.                                                Department of Hawaiian Homelands;                     Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife


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                                                                               Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 98 / Friday, May 20, 2016 / Proposed Rules                                          31907

                                                    Service 2016, entire). The HHFDC                        and federally listed species and their                and their habitat in the lowland dry
                                                    agreed to set aside and not develop                     habitat in the lowland dry ecosystem                  ecosystem, on their privately owned
                                                    approximately 4.2 ac (1.7 ha) of lands                  (Memorandum of Understanding                          lands. In 2004, the QLT entered into an
                                                    under its management to provide                         between Forest City Kona and U.S.                     agreement with the Service’s Partners
                                                    protection and management for one of                    Department of Interior Fish and Wildlife              for Fish and Wildlife Program to
                                                    the seven remaining mature individuals                  Service 2016, entire). Forest City Kona               conduct research on the propagation of
                                                    of Mezoneuron kavaiense in proposed                     agreed to set aside and not undertake                 two endangered plants, Isodendrion
                                                    Unit 35, as well as other rare and listed               development in two areas, totaling 20 ac              pyrifolium and Neraudia ovata, in order
                                                    plant species and their habitat in the                  (8 ha), and to work cooperatively with                to secure genetic material in ex situ
                                                    lowland dry ecosystem, over the next 20                 the Service on approved conservation                  storage and provide individuals of each
                                                    years. The 4.2 ac (1.7 ha) protected from               programs to conduct activities to benefit             species for reintroduction or restoration
                                                    development by the HHFDC are                            the conservation of the three species                 projects. In February 2014, the QLT
                                                    adjacent to the 22-ac (8.9-ha) set-aside                and the lowland dry ecosystem in these                signed an MOU with the Service
                                                    by the County and another 21.7-ac (8.8-                 areas for the next 20 years. The MOU’s                wherein they agreed to implement
                                                    ha) set-aside by the Department of                      conservation actions include: (1)                     important conservation actions
                                                    Hawaiian Homelands; these three areas                   Fencing to exclude ungulates; (2)                     beneficial to Bidens micrantha ssp.
                                                    together create approximately 47.9                      control of nonnative plant species; (3)               ctenophylla, Isodendrion pyrifolium,
                                                    contiguous acres (19.4 ha) protected for                propagation, outplanting, and care of                 and Mezoneuron kavaiense, as well as
                                                    the conservation of the three species                   Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla,                    other rare and listed plant species and
                                                    and the lowland dry ecosystem. Because                  Isodendrion pyrifolium, and                           their habitat in the lowland dry
                                                    the conservation actions will occur in                  Mezoneuron kavaiense, as well as other                ecosystem (Memorandum of
                                                    some areas jointly managed by the                       rare and common native plant species;                 Understanding between Queen
                                                    HHFDC and other agencies, the HHFDC                     (4) control and prevention of the threat              Liliuokalani Trust and U.S. Department
                                                    will work cooperatively and in                          of fire; and (5) other management                     of Interior Fish and Wildlife Service
                                                    partnership with these landowners and                   actions expected to benefit the recovery              2014, entire). The management actions
                                                    the Service. These conservation actions                 of listed plant species and the lowland               included in the MOU are: (1) Fencing to
                                                    will include: (1) Fencing to exclude                    dry ecosystem. The MOU also includes                  exclude ungulates; (2) control and
                                                    ungulates; (2) control and prevention of                a commitment from Forest City Kona to                 prevention of the threat of fire; (3)
                                                    the threat of fire; (3) control of                      provide $500,000 towards the                          propagation and outplanting of Bidens
                                                    nonnative plant species; and (4) other                  implementation of on-site or off-site                 micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion
                                                    management actions expected to benefit                  conservation actions within the North                 pyrifolium, and Mezoneuron kavaiense,
                                                    the recovery of listed plant species and                Kona region that will benefit the                     as well as six other rare or listed plant
                                                    the lowland dry ecosystem.                              recovery of the three plant species and               species; (4) weed control; (5) watering
                                                                                                            the lowland dry ecosystem.                            and maintenance of outplanted
                                                    Forest City Kona
                                                                                                                                                                  individuals; (6) monitoring and
                                                       We are considering the exclusion of                  Queen Liliuokalani Trust
                                                                                                                                                                  reporting; (7) analysis of success
                                                    265 ac (107 ha) of lands that are owned                   In the October 17, 2012, proposed rule              criteria; and (8) adaptive management.
                                                    by Forest City Kona, LLC. These lands                   (77 FR 63928), we stated that we were                 The QLT also agreed to set aside and not
                                                    fall within a portion of the 1,192 ac (485              not considering for exclusion lands                   undertake development in a separate 28-
                                                    ha) proposed as critical habitat in                     owned by Queen Liliuokalani Trust                     ac (11-ha) area and work cooperatively
                                                    Hawaii—Lowland Dry—Unit 35; the                         (QLT) for the following reasons: (1) The              with the Service or other conservation
                                                    proposed unit is occupied by Bidens                     conservation plans in place at the time               partners to conduct activities to benefit
                                                    micrantha ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion                 only addressed actions related to                     the conservation of the three species
                                                    pyrifolium, and Mezoneuron kavaiense                    Isodendrion pyrifolium, but did not                   and the lowland dry ecosystem. This
                                                    (77 FR 63928; October 17, 2012). Forest                 address conservation of the other two                 area will be available for the
                                                    City Kona has demonstrated their                        plants with proposed critical habitat on              conservation and propagation efforts for
                                                    willingness to work as a conservation                   the land, Bidens micrantha ssp.                       the three species and other listed and
                                                    partner by undertaking site management                  ctenophylla and Mezoneuron kavaiense;                 rare species of the lowland dry
                                                    that provides important conservation                    and (2) since 2005, we were unaware of                ecosystem.
                                                    benefits to the native Hawaiian species                 efforts to outplant propagated                           In addition to the agreements and
                                                    that depend upon the lowland dry                        individuals of Isodendrion pyrifolium or              commitments detailed above, QLT
                                                    ecosystem habitat.                                      any current plans to conserve listed                  developed a culturally based service
                                                       Subsequent to the publication of the                 species or their habitats in the lowland              learning program that has involved over
                                                    October 17, 2012, proposed rule, Forest                 dry ecosystem on the lands at Keahuolu                1,300 beneficiaries, school groups, and
                                                    City Kona participated in a series of                   owned by QLT. In 2014, QLT signed an                  other community members in removing
                                                    collaborative meetings with the Service,                MOU with the Service addressing both                  invasive species. QLT continues to
                                                    Department of Hawaiian Homelands,                       of these previous concerns. We are now                spend over $12,000 per year to control
                                                    Department of Land and Natural                          considering exclusion of 302 ac (122 ha)              invasive species, such as fountain grass
                                                    Resources, and other stakeholders in                    of lands that are owned or managed by                 (Cenchrus setaceum) and haole koa
                                                    Units 31, 33, 34, and 35, to address                    QLT. These lands fall within a portion                (Leucaena leucocephala). Other
                                                    species protection and recovery and                     of the 1,192 ac (485 ha) proposed as                  significant expenditures include funds
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                                                    development on a regional scale. In                     critical habitat in Hawaii—Lowland                    spent on security in response to
                                                    2016, Forest City Kona signed an MOU                    Dry—Unit 35; the proposed unit is                     trespassing and vandalism on its Kona
                                                    with the Service wherein they agreed to                 occupied by Bidens micrantha ssp.                     lands (QLT 2013).
                                                    implement important conservation                        ctenophylla, Isodendrion pyrifolium,
                                                    actions beneficial to Bidens micrantha                  and Mezoneuron kavaiense (77 FR                       Summary of Areas Considered for
                                                    ssp. ctenophylla, Isodendrion                           63928; October 17, 2012).                             Exclusion
                                                    pyrifolium, and Mezoneuron kavaiense                       Since 2004, QLT has supported the                    We are considering exclusion of these
                                                    and their habitat, as well as other rare                conservation of federally listed species              non-Federal lands because we believe


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                                                    31908                      Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 98 / Friday, May 20, 2016 / Proposed Rules

                                                    the exclusion may result in the                         exclusions, but may also consider other               Authors
                                                    continuation, strengthening, or                         exclusions as a result of continuing
                                                    encouragement of important                              analysis of relevant considerations                      The primary authors of this document
                                                    conservation partnerships that will                     (scientific, economic, and other relevant             are the staff members of the Pacific
                                                    contribute to the long-term conservation                factors, as required by the Act) and the              Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, Pacific
                                                    of Bidens micrantha ssp. ctenophylla,                   public comment process. In particular,                Region, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
                                                    Mezoneuron kavaiense and Isodendrion                    we solicit comments from the public on                Authority
                                                    pyrifolium. The development and                         whether to make the specific exclusions
                                                    implementation of management plans,                     we are considering, and whether there                   The authority for this action is the
                                                    and ability to access private lands                     are other areas that are appropriate for              Endangered Species Act of 1973, as
                                                    necessary for surveys or monitoring                     exclusion.                                            amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.).
                                                    designed to promote the conservation of
                                                    these federally listed plant species and                  The final decision on whether to                      Dated: May 11, 2016.
                                                    their habitat, as well as provide for other             exclude any area will be based on the                 Karen Hyun,
                                                    native species of concern, would be                     best scientific data available at the time            Acting Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary
                                                    important outcomes of these                             of the final designation, including                   for Fish and Wildlife and Parks.
                                                    conservation partnerships.                              information obtained during the                       [FR Doc. 2016–11941 Filed 5–19–16; 8:45 am]
                                                      The final designation may not exclude                 comment periods and information about                 BILLING CODE 4333–15–P
                                                    these areas, or be limited to these                     the economic impact of the designation.
mstockstill on DSK3G9T082PROD with PROPOSALS




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Document Created: 2016-05-20 02:00:10
Document Modified: 2016-05-20 02:00:10
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionProposed Rules
ActionProposed rule; reopening of comment period.
DatesWritten Comments: We will consider comments received or postmarked on or before June 6, 2016. Please note comments submitted
ContactMary Abrams, Field Supervisor, Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, 300 Ala Moana Boulevard, Room 3-122, Honolulu, HI 96850; by telephone at 808-792-9400; or by facsimile at 808-792-9581. Persons who use a telecommunications device for the deaf (TDD) may call the Federal Information Relay Service (FIRS) at 800-877-8339.
FR Citation81 FR 31900 
RIN Number1018-AZ38

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