81_FR_43424 81 FR 43297 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Amendment No. 1, and Order Granting Accelerated Approval of a Proposed Rule Change, as Modified by Amendment No. 1, To Add a New Discretionary Pegged Order

81 FR 43297 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Amendment No. 1, and Order Granting Accelerated Approval of a Proposed Rule Change, as Modified by Amendment No. 1, To Add a New Discretionary Pegged Order

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Federal Register Volume 81, Issue 127 (July 1, 2016)

Page Range43297-43301
FR Document2016-15718

Federal Register, Volume 81 Issue 127 (Friday, July 1, 2016)
[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 127 (Friday, July 1, 2016)]
[Notices]
[Pages 43297-43301]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2016-15718]


-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

[Release No. 34-78181; File No. SR-NYSEArca-2016-44]


Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing 
of Amendment No. 1, and Order Granting Accelerated Approval of a 
Proposed Rule Change, as Modified by Amendment No. 1, To Add a New 
Discretionary Pegged Order

June 28, 2016.

I. Introduction

    On March 11, 2016, NYSE Arca, Inc. (``Exchange'' or ``NYSE Arca'') 
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (``Commission''), 
pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 
(``Act'') \1\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\2\ a proposed rule change to 
amend NYSE Arca Equities Rule 7.31P(h) to add a new Discretionary 
Pegged Order. The proposed rule change was published for comment in the 
Federal Register on March 30, 2016.\3\ The Commission received two 
comment letters on the proposed rule change \4\ and a response letter 
from the Exchange.\5\ On May 12, 2016, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of 
the Act,\6\ the Commission designated a longer period within which to 
approve the proposed rule change, disapprove the proposed rule change, 
or institute proceedings to determine whether to disapprove the 
proposed rule change.\7\ On June 23, 2016, the Exchange filed Amendment 
No. 1 to the proposed rule change.\8\ The Commission is publishing

[[Page 43298]]

this notice to solicit comments on Amendment No. 1 from interested 
persons, and is approving the proposed rule change, as modified by 
Amendment No. 1, on an accelerated basis.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
    \2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
    \3\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 77441 (March 24, 
2016), 81 FR 17749 (``Notice'').
    \4\ See Letter from Sophia Lee, General Counsel, IEX Group, Inc. 
(``IEX''), to Brent J. Fields, Secretary, Commission, dated April 
15, 2016 (``IEX Letter''); Letter from John C. Nagel, Esq., Managing 
Director and Sr. Deputy General Counsel, Citadel LLC (``Citadel''), 
to Brent J. Fields, Secretary, Commission, dated April 20, 2016 
(``Citadel Letter'').
    \5\ See Letter from Elizabeth K. King, General Counsel and 
Corporate Secretary, New York Stock Exchange, to Brent J. Fields, 
Secretary, Commission, dated April 27, 2016 (``Response Letter'').
    \6\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
    \7\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 77820, 81 FR 31272 
(May 18, 2016). The Commission designated June 28, 2016, as the date 
by which it should approve, disapprove, or institute proceedings to 
determine whether to disapprove the proposed rule change.
    \8\ In Amendment No. 1, the Exchange: (1) Added subsection (E) 
to proposed Rule 7.31P(h)(3), which would provide that if the PBBO 
(as defined below) is locked or crossed, both an arriving and 
resting Discretionary Pegged Order would wait for a PBBO that is not 
locked or crossed before the working price (as defined below) is 
adjusted and the order becomes eligible to trade; (2) provided 
additional responses to the comment letters; and (3) provided more 
information regarding the implementation date for the proposed rule 
change. Amendment No. 1 is available at: https://www.sec.gov/comments/sr-nysearca-2016-44/nysearca201644-4.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

II. Description of the Proposed Rule Change

    The Exchange proposes to amend NYSE Arca Equites Rule 7.31P(h) to 
add a new Discretionary Pegged Order for its Pillar trading platform. 
According to the Exchange, the proposed Discretionary Pegged Order is 
based on the Discretionary Peg Order (``D-Peg Order'') proposed by IEX 
in its Form 1 application seeking registration as a national securities 
exchange.\9\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \9\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 17749. On June 17, 2016, the 
Commission granted IEX's application for registration as a national 
securities exchange. See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 78101 
(June 17, 2016), 81 FR 41142 (June 23, 2016) (``IEX Order''). In its 
proposal, the Exchange identifies the substantive differences 
between the proposed Discretionary Pegged Order and IEX's D-Peg 
Order. First, the proposed Discretionary Pegged Order must have a 
limit price, whereas IEX's D-Peg Order is not required to have a 
limit price. See Notice, supra note 3, at 17749. Second, the 
proposed Discretionary Pegged Order must be Day time-in-force, 
whereas IEX's D-Peg order is also permitted to have certain other 
times-in-force. See id. Third, if the PBBO is locked or crossed, 
both an arriving and resting Discretionary Pegged Order would wait 
for a PBBO that is not locked or crossed before the working price is 
adjusted and the order becomes eligible to trade, whereas IEX's D-
Peg Order can be priced and traded if the market is locked or 
crossed. See Amendment No. 1 at 3-4. In the proposal, the Exchange 
also states that, unlike IEX's D-Peg Order, the proposed 
Discretionary Pegged Order would be based on the PBBO rather than 
the NBBO. See Notice, supra note 3, at 17749. According to the 
Exchange, the PBBO is the reference price that it uses for its 
Pegged Orders under Rule 7.31P(h). The Commission notes that, in an 
amendment to IEX's exchange application, IEX clarified that its D-
Peg Order is based on the Protected NBBO. See Investors' Exchange 
LLC--Form 1 Application and Exhibits, Addendum B-1 Comparison to 
Amendment No. 1, available at https://www.sec.gov/rules/other/2016/iex/iex-form-1-addendum-b-1-amendments-redline.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Proposed Rule 7.31P(h)(3) would provide that a Discretionary Pegged 
Order would be a Pegged Order \10\ to buy (sell) that upon entry to the 
NYSE Arca Marketplace \11\ would be assigned a working price \12\ equal 
to the lower (higher) of the midpoint of the PBBO \13\ (``Midpoint 
Price'') or the limit price of the order. Any untraded shares of such 
order would be assigned a working price equal to the lower (higher) of 
the PBB (PBO) or the order's limit price and would automatically be 
adjusted in response to changes to the PBB (PBO) for buy (sell) orders 
up (down) to the order's limit price. In order to trade with contra-
side orders on the NYSE Arca Book, a Discretionary Pegged Order to buy 
(sell) would exercise the least amount of price discretion necessary 
from its working price to its discretionary price (defined as the lower 
(higher) of the Midpoint Price or the Discretionary Pegged Order's 
limit price), except during periods of quote instability, as defined in 
proposed Rule 7.31P(h)(3)(D).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \10\ The term ``Pegged Order'' is defined in Exchange Rule 
7.31P(h) as a Limit Order that does not route with a working price 
that is pegged to a dynamic reference price. If the designated 
reference price is higher (lower) than the limit price of a Pegged 
Order to buy (sell), the working price will be the limit price of 
the order.
    \11\ The term ``NYSE Arca Marketplace'' is defined in Exchange 
Rule 1.1(e) as the electronic securities communications and trading 
facility designated by the Board of Directors through which orders 
of Users are consolidated for execution and/or display.
    \12\ The term ``working price'' is defined in Exchange Rule 
7.36P(a)(3) as the price at which an order is eligible to trade at 
any given time, which may be different from the limit price or 
display price of the order. The term ``limit price'' is defined in 
Exchange Rule 7.36P(a)(2) as the highest (lowest) specified price at 
which a Limit Order to buy (sell) is eligible to trade.
    \13\ The term ``PBBO'' is defined in Exchange Rule 1.1(dd) as 
the highest Protected Bid and the lowest Protected Offer.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Proposed Rule 7.31P(h)(3)(A) would provide that Discretionary 
Pegged Orders would not be displayed, must be designated Day, and would 
be eligible to be designated for the Core Trading Session only. 
Discretionary Pegged Orders that include a designation for the Early 
Trading Session or Late Trading Session would be rejected.
    Proposed Rule 7.31P(h)(3)(B) would provide that when exercising 
discretion, Discretionary Pegged Orders would maintain their time 
priority at their working price as Priority 3--Non-Display Orders and 
would be prioritized behind Priority 3--Non-Display Orders with a 
working price equal to the discretionary price of a Discretionary 
Pegged Order at the time of execution. If multiple Discretionary Pegged 
Orders are exercising price discretion during the same book processing 
action, they would maintain their relative time priority at the 
discretionary price.
    Proposed Rule 7.31P(h)(3)(C) would provide that a Discretionary 
Pegged Order would be eligible to exercise price discretion to its 
discretionary price, except during periods of quote instability. If the 
Corporation \14\ determines the PBB for a particular security to be an 
unstable quote, it would restrict buy Discretionary Pegged Orders in 
that security from exercising price discretion to trade against 
interest above the PBB. If the Corporation determines the PBO for a 
particular security to be an unstable quote, it would restrict sell 
Discretionary Pegged Orders in that security from exercising price 
discretion to trade against interest below the PBO.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \14\ The term ``Corporation'' is defined in Exchange Rule 1.1(k) 
to mean NYSE Arca Equities, Inc., as described in NYSE Arca 
Equities, Inc.'s Certificate of Incorporation and Bylaws.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Proposed Rule 7.31P(h)(3)(D) would set forth how the Exchange would 
determine the quote instability factor (i.e., the probability of an 
imminent change of the current PBB to a lower price or the current PBO 
to a higher price). When the quoting activity meets predefined criteria 
and the quote instability factor is greater than a defined threshold 
(``quote instability threshold''), the Corporation would treat the 
quote as not stable (``quote instability'' or ``crumbling quote''). 
When the Corporation determines either the PBB or the PBO is unstable, 
the determination would remain in effect at that price level for ten 
milliseconds. The Corporation would only treat one side of the PBBO as 
unstable in a particular security at any given time.
    The Corporation would determine that there is quote instability or 
a crumbling quote when the following occur: The PBB and PBO are the 
same as the PBB and PBO one millisecond ago; and the PBBO spread is 
less than or equal to the thirty-day median PBBO spread during the Core 
Trading Session; and there are more protected quotations on the far 
side; and the quote instability factor is greater than the defined 
quote instability threshold.
    The quote stability calculation used to determine the current quote 
instability factor would be defined by the following formula:

1/(1 + e [supcaret] -(C0 + C1 * N + C2 * F + C3 * N-1 + C4 * F-1)).

    The Exchange proposes to use the following quote stability 
coefficients: C0 = -2.39515; C1 = -0.76504; C2 = 0.07599; C3 = 0.38374; 
and C4 = 0.14466. The Exchange proposes to use the following quote 
stability variables: N = the number of protected quotations on the near 
side of the market; F = the number of protected quotations on the far 
side of the market; N-1 = the number of protected quotations on the 
near side of the market one millisecond ago; and F-1 = the number of 
protected quotations on the far side of the market one millisecond ago. 
The Exchange proposes to use a quote instability threshold of 0.32.
    Pursuant to proposed Rule 7.31P(h)(3)(D)(i)(D)(3), the Exchange 
reserves the right to modify the quote stability coefficients or quote 
instability

[[Page 43299]]

threshold at any time, subject to the filing of a proposed rule change 
with the Commission.
    Proposed Rule 7.31P(h)(3)(E) would provide that if the PBBO is 
locked or crossed, both an arriving and a resting Discretionary Pegged 
Order would wait for a PBBO that is not locked or crossed before the 
working price is adjusted and the order becomes eligible to trade.
    The Exchange anticipates that it will announce the implementation 
date of the proposed rule change by the fourth quarter of 2016.\15\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \15\ See Amendment No. 1 at 5.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

III. Summary of Comments and Response to Comments

    The Commission received two comment letters opposing the proposed 
rule change and a response letter and an amendment from the 
Exchange.\16\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \16\ See supra notes 4, 5, and 8.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    One commenter points out that, as noted by the Exchange, the 
proposed Discretionary Pegged Order is a copy of the D-Peg Order that 
the commenter created, which has been offered since November 2014 by 
the IEX Alternative Trading System.\17\ This commenter states its 
belief that the D-Peg Order is a useful order type that can protect 
investors, if implemented properly.\18\ However, this commenter 
questions the effectiveness of the proposed Discretionary Pegged Order, 
and states that it should not be approved unless the Exchange amends 
the proposal and provides additional justifications to show that the 
order type would work as purported.\19\ Specifically, this commenter 
states that the Exchange would not be in a position to deliver the 
benefits as claimed if it continues to offer co-location and microwave 
services to fast market participants because the Exchange would not be 
able to effectively update the order during a crumbling quote faster 
than the market participant trying to pick off the order.\20\ This 
commenter also questions whether the Exchange understands the use of 
the proposed order type and expresses concern that the implementation 
of order types that are not well thought-through can increase systemic 
risk and may have adverse impacts on investor protection.\21\ According 
to the commenter, the D-Peg formula was calculated based on the 
location of its systems in Weehawken, NJ, and its unique latency 
profile, and it makes little sense to apply the same formula to orders 
on the Exchange located in Mahwah, NJ.\22\ Finally, this commenter 
argues that the Exchange should adopt a different name for the proposed 
order type to avoid confusion and misrepresentation regarding the 
nature of the order type.\23\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \17\ See IEX Letter at 1.
    \18\ See id.
    \19\ See id., at 1-3.
    \20\ See id., at 2.
    \21\ See id., at 2-3.
    \22\ See id., at 2.
    \23\ See id., at 3. In its letter, the commenter also responds 
to the Exchange's comments on the D-Peg Order, which were set forth 
in the Notice. See id., at 2. As noted above, the Commission granted 
IEX's application for registration as a national securities 
exchange, which included the D-Peg Order. See supra note 9. This 
order does not address comments and responses related to IEX's D-Peg 
Order.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Another commenter also opposes the proposed rule change. According 
to this commenter, Commission approval of exchanges' use of predictive 
order types such as the proposed Discretionary Pegged Order would 
result in rapidly increasing order type complexity, which would reduce 
market resilience and make markets more opaque for all investors.\24\ 
The commenter states its belief that the utility of these order types 
is marginal and does not outweigh the additional complexity that these 
order types would impose on the market.\25\ This commenter also 
expresses concerns regarding how the Commission could or would 
effectively review and police additional predictive order types as they 
emerge and evolve, and whether the Commission would propose guidance or 
limitations on how predictive order types may operate.\26\ Finally, 
this commenter states that predictive order types encroach on the 
traditional role of broker-dealers by using inherent competitive 
advantages that exchanges have over broker-dealers.\27\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \24\ See Citadel Letter at 1. This commenter notes that the 
proposed Discretionary Pegged Order is virtually identical to IEX's 
D-Peg Order. See id. The commenter notes that it explained its 
concerns in more detail in its comment letter on IEX's exchange 
application. See Letter from John C. Nagel, Esq., Managing Director 
and Sr. Deputy General Counsel, Citadel LLC, to Brent J. Fields, 
Secretary, Commission, dated April 14, 2016.
    \25\ See Citadel Letter at 2.
    \26\ See id.
    \27\ See id. In the context of IEX's D-Peg Order and the 
proposed Discretionary Pegged Order, the Exchange also requests that 
the Commission articulate the boundaries of when an exchange may or 
may not offer services that are otherwise performed by broker-
dealers and when it would be appropriate for an exchange to monitor 
the quality of the prices in a market to determine how to price an 
order, and raises the issue of whether these order types are 
consistent with the Commission's previous disapproval of Nasdaq's 
benchmark orders. See Response Letter at 2-4. See also Notice, supra 
note 3, at 17751.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In response to comments, the Exchange indicates that the proposed 
Discretionary Pegged Order is a competitive response to IEX's D-Peg 
Order.\28\ The Exchange states that the proposed calculation to 
determine whether a quote is unstable is a straightforward 
determination that does not require inbound order flow to be 
intentionally delayed to be effective.\29\ According to the Exchange, 
while an intentionally-delayed market may prevent arriving interest 
from interacting with pegged orders immediately, it does not believe 
that processing market data updates and inbound orders out of phase (as 
with IEX) or simultaneously (as proposed by the Exchange) would 
materially alter the effectiveness of the proposed functionality.\30\ 
The Exchange also states its belief that the benefits of the proposed 
functionality would be the same regardless of the relative speed.\31\ 
Moreover, according to the Exchange, the proposed Discretionary Pegged 
Order would be an optional order type, and if market participants do 
not believe that the quote instability formula appropriately predicts 
market movement, they do not have to use the order type.\32\ The 
Exchange states that, over time and based on client feedback, it would 
consider changes to the specific formula used to assess the quality of 
the market or would consider offering additional types of Discretionary 
Pegged Orders to serve the trading needs of different market 
participants, subject to filing separate proposed rule changes with the 
Commission.\33\ Finally, the Exchange states that it does not 
anticipate that the proposed order type would have any disruptive 
effects on the overall market.\34\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \28\ See Response Letter at 3-4.
    \29\ See Amendment No. 1 at 4.
    \30\ See id.
    \31\ See id.
    \32\ See Response Letter at 4-5 and Amendment No. 1 at 4. The 
Exchange states its belief that the effectiveness of a particular 
order type in serving the trading needs of market participants 
should be market-driven. See Response Letter at 4.
    \33\ See Response Letter at 4. In its response letter, the 
Exchange also provides additional comments on IEX's exchange 
application. As noted above, the Commission granted IEX's exchange 
application, and this order does not address comments and responses 
related to IEX's D-Peg Order. See supra note 9.
    \34\ See Amendment No. 1 at 4.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

IV. Commission Findings

    After careful review, the Commission finds that the proposed rule 
change, as modified by Amendment No. 1, is consistent with the 
requirements of the Act and the rules and regulations thereunder 
applicable to a national securities exchange.\35\ In particular, the

[[Page 43300]]

Commission finds that the proposed rule change, as modified by 
Amendment No. 1, is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the Act,\36\ 
which requires, among other things, that the rules of a national 
securities exchange be designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative 
acts and practices, to promote just and equitable principles of trade, 
to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open 
market and a national market system, and, in general, to protect 
investors and the public interest.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \35\ In approving this proposed rule change, the Commission has 
considered the proposed rule's impact on efficiency, competition, 
and capital formation. See 15 U.S.C. 78c(f).
    \36\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As noted above, the proposed Discretionary Pegged Order is based on 
IEX's D-Peg Order, although there are some differences between the two 
orders.\37\ First, unlike IEX's D-Peg Order, the proposed Discretionary 
Pegged Order must have a limit price.\38\ The Commission notes that 
this is not a novel aspect for this type of order because IEX's D-Peg 
Order is also permitted to have a limit price, although it is not 
required to have one.\39\ Second, unlike IEX's D-Peg Order, the 
proposed Discretionary Pegged Order must have a Day time-in-force.\40\ 
The Commission similarly notes that this is not a novel aspect for this 
type of order because IEX's D-Peg Order is also permitted to have the 
Day time-in-force, although it is permitted to have certain other 
times-in-force as well.\41\ Third, if the PBBO is locked or crossed, an 
arriving or resting Discretionary Pegged Order would wait for a PBBO 
that is not locked or crossed before the working price is adjusted and 
the order becomes eligible to trade,\42\ whereas IEX's D-Peg Order can 
be priced and traded if the market is locked or crossed.\43\ The 
Commission notes that the proposed treatment of Discretionary Pegged 
Orders when the market is locked or crossed is consistent with Exchange 
Rule 7.31P(h)(1)(B), which governs the treatment of other non-displayed 
pegged orders on the Exchange (i.e., Market Pegged Orders) when the 
market is locked or crossed.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \37\ See supra note 9.
    \38\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 17749.
    \39\ See IEX Rule 11.190(b)(10)(E).
    \40\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 17749.
    \41\ See IEX Rule 11.190(b)(10)(B).
    \42\ See Amendment No. 1 at 3-4.
    \43\ See IEX Rule 11.190(h)(3).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Commission notes that, according to the Exchange, the proposed 
Discretionary Pegged Order would assist ETP Holders in obtaining best 
execution for their customers by limiting executions at the Midpoint 
Price when the PBBO is not stable, and by reducing the potential to 
execute at a stale price.\44\ Moreover, the Commission notes that, in 
response to the comments, the Exchange acknowledges that an 
intentionally-delayed market may prevent arriving interest from 
interacting with pegged orders immediately, but states its belief that 
the proposed Discretionary Pegged Order would be effective, 
notwithstanding the differences in speed between the Exchange and 
IEX.\45\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \44\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 17751.
    \45\ See supra notes 29-34 and accompanying text (discussing in 
more detail the Exchange's response to comments).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    With respect to questions regarding whether the proposed 
Discretionary Pegged Order would perform a function that is typically 
performed by broker-dealers, and whether approval of the proposed 
Discretionary Pegged Order would be inconsistent with the Commission's 
prior disapproval of Nasdaq's ``benchmark orders,'' the Commission 
notes that, as with IEX's rules governing the D-Peg Order, proposed 
Rule 7.31P(h)(3) would delineate the specific conditions under which a 
Discretionary Pegged Order would or would not be eligible to execute up 
(down) to the Midpoint Price by setting forth the formula that the 
Exchange would use to determine quote stability. Also, as with IEX's D-
Peg Order, the Exchange would encode in its rule the totality of the 
discretionary feature of the proposed Discretionary Pegged Order. As 
the Exchange notes in the proposal, the manner by which it would 
monitor the quality of the quotes would be objective and transparent, 
as set forth in the proposed rule.\46\ As with IEX's D-Peg Order, the 
Commission does not believe that the hardcoded conditionality of the 
proposed order type would provide the Exchange with actual discretion 
or the ability to exercise individualized judgment when executing an 
order. The Commission also notes that the Exchange would be required to 
submit a proposed rule change pursuant to Section 19(b) of the Act 
prior to implementing any changes to the proposed order. Moreover, as 
with IEX's D-Peg Order, the Commission believes that the proposed 
Discretionary Pegged Order is distinguishable from Nasdaq's benchmark 
orders and does not implicate the same issues.\47\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \46\ See Notice, supra note 3, at 17751.
    \47\ See IEX Order, supra note 9, at 41153 (discussing in more 
detail the differences between IEX's D-Peg Order and Nasdaq's 
benchmark orders).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    With respect to a commenter's concern that approval of the proposed 
Discretionary Pegged Order would lead to the proliferation of complex 
predictive order types, the Commission notes that new exchange proposed 
order types are subject to the rule filing process of Section 19(b) of 
the Act and Rule 19b-4 under the Act, and the standards in Section 6(b) 
of the Act, among other provisions.\48\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \48\ See also Form 19b-4, General Instructions.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    With respect to a commenter's request that the Exchange use a 
different name for the proposed order in order to avoid confusion and 
misrepresentation regarding the nature of the order,\49\ the Commission 
notes that the functionality of the proposed Discretionary Pegged Order 
is specifically delineated in proposed Rule 7.31P(h)(3). Moreover, the 
Commission notes that, currently, order types on different exchanges 
with nearly identical names may function differently.\50\ As a result, 
the Commission does not believe the Exchange's use of the name 
``Discretionary Pegged Order'' raises regulatory concerns.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \49\ In its comment letter, this commenter references its 
``Patent-Pending `DYNAMIC PEG ORDERS IN AN ELECTRONIC TRADING 
SYSTEM' in the U.S. patent application number 14/799,975, priority 
to August 22, 2014.'' However, this commenter states that its 
comment letter ``speaks to deficiencies in NYSE's application in 
light of current market structure and is not intended to address, 
comment on or waive our property rights in the D-peg invention or 
related subject matter.'' See IEX Letter at note 2. In issuing this 
order, the Commission expresses no view with respect to these 
matters.
    \50\ See, e.g., Exchange Rule 7.31P(h)(2) (describing the 
Exchange's ``Primary Pegged Order'') and IEX Rules 11.190(a)(3) and 
(b)(8) (describing IEX's ``primary peg order'').
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Finally, the Commission notes that existing exchanges offer both 
discretion and pegging functionalities, including the combination of 
both of those functionalities in a single order type.\51\ As with IEX's 
D-Peg Order, the proposed discretion functionality would be turned 
``on'' or ``off'' depending on the Exchange's quote stability 
determination. Because the Exchange has encoded in its rule the 
totality of the discretionary feature of the proposed Discretionary 
Pegged Order, the Commission believes the proposed order type is a 
close variant of the discretion and pegging functionality that 
currently exist on other exchanges.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \51\ See, e.g., Nasdaq Rule 4703(g).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Based on the foregoing and the Exchange's representations, the 
Commission believes that the proposed rule change, as modified by 
Amendment No. 1, is consistent with the Act.

V. Solicitation of Comments on Amendment No. 1

    Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views, and 
arguments concerning the foregoing, including whether Amendment No. 1 
to the proposed rule change is consistent with the Act. Comments may be

[[Page 43301]]

submitted by any of the following methods:

Electronic Comments

     Use the Commission's Internet comment form (http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml); or
     Send an email to [email protected]. Please include 
File Number SR-NYSEArca-2016-44 on the subject line.

Paper Comments

     Send paper comments in triplicate to Brent J. Fields, 
Secretary, Securities and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street NE., 
Washington, DC 20549-1090.

All submissions should refer to File Number SR-NYSEArca-2016-44. This 
file number should be included on the subject line if email is used. To 
help the Commission process and review your comments more efficiently, 
please use only one method. The Commission will post all comments on 
the Commission's Internet Web site (http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the submission, all subsequent amendments, all 
written statements with respect to the proposed rule change that are 
filed with the Commission, and all written communications relating to 
the proposed rule change between the Commission and any person, other 
than those that may be withheld from the public in accordance with the 
provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be available for Web site viewing and 
printing in the Commission's Public Reference Room, 100 F Street NE., 
Washington, DC 20549, on official business days between the hours of 
10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Copies of the filing also will be available 
for inspection and copying at the principal office of the Exchange. All 
comments received will be posted without change; the Commission does 
not edit personal identifying information from submissions. You should 
submit only information that you wish to make available publicly. All 
submissions should refer to File Number SR-NYSEArca-2016-44 and should 
be submitted on or before July 22, 2016.

VI. Accelerated Approval of the Proposed Rule Change, as Modified by 
Amendment No. 1

    The Commission finds good cause to approve the proposed rule 
change, as modified by Amendment No. 1, prior to the 30th day after the 
date of publication of notice of Amendment No. 1 in the Federal 
Register. In Amendment No. 1, the Exchange added subsection (E) to 
proposed Rule 7.31P(h)(3), which would provide that if the PBBO is 
locked or crossed, both an arriving and resting Discretionary Pegged 
Order would wait for a PBBO that is not locked or crossed before the 
working price is adjusted and the order becomes eligible to trade. As 
noted above, this aspect of the proposed Discretionary Pegged Order is 
consistent with Exchange Rule 7.31P(h)(1)(B), which governs the 
treatment of other non-displayed pegged orders on the Exchange (i.e., 
Market Pegged Orders) when the market is locked or crossed. In 
Amendment No. 1, the Exchange also provided additional responses to the 
comment letters and provided more information regarding the 
implementation date for the proposed rule change. These two changes do 
not alter the substance of the proposed rule change. Accordingly, the 
Commission finds good cause, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the 
Act,\52\ to approve the proposed rule change, as modified by Amendment 
No. 1, on an accelerated basis.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \52\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

VII. Conclusion

    It is therefore ordered, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the 
Act,\53\ that the proposed rule change (SR-NYSEArca-2016-44), as 
modified by Amendment No. 1, be, and it hereby is, approved on an 
accelerated basis.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \53\ Id.

    For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets, 
pursuant to delegated authority.\54\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \54\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Robert W. Errett,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2016-15718 Filed 6-30-16; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 8011-01-P



                                                                                         Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 127 / Friday, July 1, 2016 / Notices                                                    43297

                                                    Therefore, the Exchange believes the                       Electronic Comments                                     SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
                                                    identification of an Official Bats One                                                                             COMMISSION
                                                    Opening Price or Closing Price in the                        • Use the Commission’s Internet
                                                                                                               comment form (http://www.sec.gov/                       [Release No. 34–78181; File No. SR–
                                                    Bats One Feed would not impose any                                                                                 NYSEArca–2016–44]
                                                    burden on competition not deemed                           rules/sro.shtml); or
                                                    necessary or appropriate in furtherance                      • Send an email to rule-comments@                     Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE
                                                    of the purposes of the Act.                                sec.gov. Please include File Number SR–                 Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of
                                                                                                               BatsBZX–2016–27 on the subject line.                    Amendment No. 1, and Order Granting
                                                    C. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
                                                                                                                                                                       Accelerated Approval of a Proposed
                                                    Statement on Comments on the                               Paper Comments                                          Rule Change, as Modified by
                                                    Proposed Rule Change Received From
                                                                                                                 • Send paper comments in triplicate                   Amendment No. 1, To Add a New
                                                    Members, Participants or Others                                                                                    Discretionary Pegged Order
                                                                                                               to Secretary, Securities and Exchange
                                                      The Exchange has neither solicited                       Commission, 100 F Street NE.,                           June 28, 2016.
                                                    nor received written comments on the                       Washington, DC 20549–1090.
                                                    proposed rule change.                                                                                              I. Introduction
                                                                                                               All submissions should refer to File
                                                                                                                                                                          On March 11, 2016, NYSE Arca, Inc.
                                                    III. Date of Effectiveness of the                          Number SR–BatsBZX–2016–27. This file                    (‘‘Exchange’’ or ‘‘NYSE Arca’’) filed
                                                    Proposed Rule Change and Timing for                        number should be included on the                        with the Securities and Exchange
                                                    Commission Action                                          subject line if email is used. To help the              Commission (‘‘Commission’’), pursuant
                                                                                                               Commission process and review your                      to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities
                                                       Because the foregoing proposed rule
                                                                                                               comments more efficiently, please use                   Exchange Act of 1934 (‘‘Act’’) 1 and Rule
                                                    change does not: (A) Significantly affect
                                                                                                               only one method. The Commission will                    19b–4 thereunder,2 a proposed rule
                                                    the protection of investors or the public
                                                                                                               post all comments on the Commission’s                   change to amend NYSE Arca Equities
                                                    interest; (B) impose any significant
                                                                                                               Internet Web site (http://www.sec.gov/                  Rule 7.31P(h) to add a new
                                                    burden on competition; and (C) by its
                                                                                                               rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the                         Discretionary Pegged Order. The
                                                    terms, become operative for 30 days
                                                    from the date on which it was filed or                     submission, all subsequent                              proposed rule change was published for
                                                    such shorter time as the Commission                        amendments, all written statements                      comment in the Federal Register on
                                                    may designate it has become effective                      with respect to the proposed rule                       March 30, 2016.3 The Commission
                                                    pursuant to Section 19(b)(3)(A) of the                     change that are filed with the                          received two comment letters on the
                                                                                                               Commission, and all written                             proposed rule change 4 and a response
                                                    Act 18 and paragraph (f)(6) of Rule 19b–
                                                                                                               communications relating to the                          letter from the Exchange.5 On May 12,
                                                    4 thereunder,19 the Exchange has
                                                                                                               proposed rule change between the                        2016, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the
                                                    designated this rule filing as non-
                                                                                                               Commission and any person, other than                   Act,6 the Commission designated a
                                                    controversial. The Exchange has given
                                                                                                               those that may be withheld from the                     longer period within which to approve
                                                    the Commission written notice of its
                                                                                                               public in accordance with the                           the proposed rule change, disapprove
                                                    intent to file the proposed rule change,                                                                           the proposed rule change, or institute
                                                    along with a brief description and text                    provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be
                                                                                                               available for Web site viewing and                      proceedings to determine whether to
                                                    of the proposed rule change at least five                                                                          disapprove the proposed rule change.7
                                                    business days prior to the date of filing                  printing in the Commission’s Public
                                                                                                                                                                       On June 23, 2016, the Exchange filed
                                                    of the proposed rule change, or such                       Reference Room, 100 F Street NE.,
                                                                                                                                                                       Amendment No. 1 to the proposed rule
                                                    shorter time as designated by the                          Washington, DC 20549, on official
                                                                                                                                                                       change.8 The Commission is publishing
                                                    Commission.                                                business days between the hours of
                                                       At any time within 60 days of the                       10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Copies of such                   1 15  U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
                                                    filing of the proposed rule change, the                    filing will also be available for                         2 17  CFR 240.19b–4.
                                                    Commission summarily may                                   inspection and copying at the principal                    3 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 77441

                                                                                                               office of the Exchange. All comments                    (March 24, 2016), 81 FR 17749 (‘‘Notice’’).
                                                    temporarily suspend such rule change if                                                                               4 See Letter from Sophia Lee, General Counsel,
                                                    it appears to the Commission that such                     received will be posted without change;                 IEX Group, Inc. (‘‘IEX’’), to Brent J. Fields,
                                                    action is: (1) Necessary or appropriate in                 the Commission does not edit personal                   Secretary, Commission, dated April 15, 2016 (‘‘IEX
                                                    the public interest; (2) for the protection                identifying information from                            Letter’’); Letter from John C. Nagel, Esq., Managing
                                                                                                               submissions. You should submit only                     Director and Sr. Deputy General Counsel, Citadel
                                                    of investors; or (3) otherwise in                                                                                  LLC (‘‘Citadel’’), to Brent J. Fields, Secretary,
                                                    furtherance of the purposes of the Act.                    information that you wish to make                       Commission, dated April 20, 2016 (‘‘Citadel
                                                    If the Commission takes such action, the                   available publicly. All submissions                     Letter’’).
                                                    Commission shall institute proceedings                     should refer to File Number SR–                            5 See Letter from Elizabeth K. King, General

                                                                                                               BatsBZX–2016–27 and should be                           Counsel and Corporate Secretary, New York Stock
                                                    to determine whether the proposed rule                                                                             Exchange, to Brent J. Fields, Secretary, Commission,
                                                    should be approved or disapproved.                         submitted on or before July 22, 2016.                   dated April 27, 2016 (‘‘Response Letter’’).
                                                                                                                                                                          6 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
                                                    IV. Solicitation of Comments                                 For the Commission, by the Division of
                                                                                                                                                                          7 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 77820,
                                                                                                               Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated
                                                                                                                                                                       81 FR 31272 (May 18, 2016). The Commission
                                                      Interested persons are invited to                        authority.20                                            designated June 28, 2016, as the date by which it
                                                    submit written data, views, and                            Robert W. Errett,                                       should approve, disapprove, or institute
asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES




                                                    arguments concerning the foregoing,                                                                                proceedings to determine whether to disapprove the
                                                                                                               Deputy Secretary.                                       proposed rule change.
                                                    including whether the proposed rule                        [FR Doc. 2016–15582 Filed 6–30–16; 8:45 am]                8 In Amendment No. 1, the Exchange: (1) Added
                                                    change is consistent with the Act.                                                                                 subsection (E) to proposed Rule 7.31P(h)(3), which
                                                                                                               BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
                                                    Comments may be submitted by any of                                                                                would provide that if the PBBO (as defined below)
                                                    the following methods:                                                                                             is locked or crossed, both an arriving and resting
                                                                                                                                                                       Discretionary Pegged Order would wait for a PBBO
                                                                                                                                                                       that is not locked or crossed before the working
                                                      18 15   U.S.C. 78s(b)(3)(A).                                                                                     price (as defined below) is adjusted and the order
                                                      19 17   CFR 240.19b–4.                                     20 17   CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).                                                                     Continued




                                               VerDate Sep<11>2014      19:05 Jun 30, 2016   Jkt 238001   PO 00000   Frm 00116    Fmt 4703   Sfmt 4703   E:\FR\FM\01JYN1.SGM    01JYN1


                                                    43298                             Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 127 / Friday, July 1, 2016 / Notices

                                                    this notice to solicit comments on                       working price 12 equal to the lower                       Orders in that security from exercising
                                                    Amendment No. 1 from interested                          (higher) of the midpoint of the PBBO 13                   price discretion to trade against interest
                                                    persons, and is approving the proposed                   (‘‘Midpoint Price’’) or the limit price of                above the PBB. If the Corporation
                                                    rule change, as modified by Amendment                    the order. Any untraded shares of such                    determines the PBO for a particular
                                                    No. 1, on an accelerated basis.                          order would be assigned a working price                   security to be an unstable quote, it
                                                                                                             equal to the lower (higher) of the PBB                    would restrict sell Discretionary Pegged
                                                    II. Description of the Proposed Rule
                                                                                                             (PBO) or the order’s limit price and                      Orders in that security from exercising
                                                    Change
                                                                                                             would automatically be adjusted in                        price discretion to trade against interest
                                                      The Exchange proposes to amend                         response to changes to the PBB (PBO)                      below the PBO.
                                                    NYSE Arca Equites Rule 7.31P(h) to add                   for buy (sell) orders up (down) to the                       Proposed Rule 7.31P(h)(3)(D) would
                                                    a new Discretionary Pegged Order for its                 order’s limit price. In order to trade with               set forth how the Exchange would
                                                    Pillar trading platform. According to the                contra-side orders on the NYSE Arca                       determine the quote instability factor
                                                    Exchange, the proposed Discretionary                     Book, a Discretionary Pegged Order to                     (i.e., the probability of an imminent
                                                    Pegged Order is based on the                             buy (sell) would exercise the least                       change of the current PBB to a lower
                                                    Discretionary Peg Order (‘‘D-Peg Order’’)                amount of price discretion necessary                      price or the current PBO to a higher
                                                    proposed by IEX in its Form 1                            from its working price to its                             price). When the quoting activity meets
                                                    application seeking registration as a                    discretionary price (defined as the lower                 predefined criteria and the quote
                                                    national securities exchange.9                           (higher) of the Midpoint Price or the                     instability factor is greater than a
                                                      Proposed Rule 7.31P(h)(3) would                        Discretionary Pegged Order’s limit                        defined threshold (‘‘quote instability
                                                    provide that a Discretionary Pegged                      price), except during periods of quote                    threshold’’), the Corporation would treat
                                                    Order would be a Pegged Order 10 to buy                  instability, as defined in proposed Rule                  the quote as not stable (‘‘quote
                                                    (sell) that upon entry to the NYSE Arca                  7.31P(h)(3)(D).                                           instability’’ or ‘‘crumbling quote’’).
                                                                                                                Proposed Rule 7.31P(h)(3)(A) would                     When the Corporation determines either
                                                    Marketplace 11 would be assigned a
                                                                                                             provide that Discretionary Pegged                         the PBB or the PBO is unstable, the
                                                                                                             Orders would not be displayed, must be                    determination would remain in effect at
                                                    becomes eligible to trade; (2) provided additional
                                                    responses to the comment letters; and (3) provided       designated Day, and would be eligible to                  that price level for ten milliseconds. The
                                                    more information regarding the implementation            be designated for the Core Trading                        Corporation would only treat one side of
                                                    date for the proposed rule change. Amendment No.         Session only. Discretionary Pegged                        the PBBO as unstable in a particular
                                                    1 is available at: https://www.sec.gov/comments/sr-      Orders that include a designation for the                 security at any given time.
                                                    nysearca-2016-44/nysearca201644-4.pdf.
                                                       9 See Notice, supra note 3, at 17749. On June 17,
                                                                                                             Early Trading Session or Late Trading                        The Corporation would determine
                                                    2016, the Commission granted IEX’s application for       Session would be rejected.                                that there is quote instability or a
                                                    registration as a national securities exchange. See         Proposed Rule 7.31P(h)(3)(B) would                     crumbling quote when the following
                                                    Securities Exchange Act Release No. 78101 (June          provide that when exercising discretion,                  occur: The PBB and PBO are the same
                                                    17, 2016), 81 FR 41142 (June 23, 2016) (‘‘IEX            Discretionary Pegged Orders would                         as the PBB and PBO one millisecond
                                                    Order’’). In its proposal, the Exchange identifies the
                                                    substantive differences between the proposed             maintain their time priority at their                     ago; and the PBBO spread is less than
                                                    Discretionary Pegged Order and IEX’s D-Peg Order.        working price as Priority 3—Non-                          or equal to the thirty-day median PBBO
                                                    First, the proposed Discretionary Pegged Order           Display Orders and would be prioritized                   spread during the Core Trading Session;
                                                    must have a limit price, whereas IEX’s D-Peg Order       behind Priority 3—Non-Display Orders                      and there are more protected quotations
                                                    is not required to have a limit price. See Notice,
                                                    supra note 3, at 17749. Second, the proposed             with a working price equal to the                         on the far side; and the quote instability
                                                    Discretionary Pegged Order must be Day time-in-          discretionary price of a Discretionary                    factor is greater than the defined quote
                                                    force, whereas IEX’s D-Peg order is also permitted       Pegged Order at the time of execution.                    instability threshold.
                                                    to have certain other times-in-force. See id. Third,     If multiple Discretionary Pegged Orders                      The quote stability calculation used to
                                                    if the PBBO is locked or crossed, both an arriving
                                                    and resting Discretionary Pegged Order would wait        are exercising price discretion during                    determine the current quote instability
                                                    for a PBBO that is not locked or crossed before the      the same book processing action, they                     factor would be defined by the
                                                    working price is adjusted and the order becomes          would maintain their relative time                        following formula:
                                                    eligible to trade, whereas IEX’s D-Peg Order can be      priority at the discretionary price.
                                                    priced and traded if the market is locked or crossed.                                                              1/(1 + e ∧ ¥(C0 + C1 * N + C2 * F +
                                                    See Amendment No. 1 at 3–4. In the proposal, the            Proposed Rule 7.31P(h)(3)(C) would                           C3 * N¥1 + C4 * F¥1)).
                                                    Exchange also states that, unlike IEX’s D-Peg Order,     provide that a Discretionary Pegged                          The Exchange proposes to use the
                                                    the proposed Discretionary Pegged Order would be         Order would be eligible to exercise price                 following quote stability coefficients: C0
                                                    based on the PBBO rather than the NBBO. See              discretion to its discretionary price,
                                                    Notice, supra note 3, at 17749. According to the                                                                   = ¥2.39515; C1 = ¥0.76504; C2 =
                                                    Exchange, the PBBO is the reference price that it        except during periods of quote                            0.07599; C3 = 0.38374; and C4 =
                                                    uses for its Pegged Orders under Rule 7.31P(h). The      instability. If the Corporation 14                        0.14466. The Exchange proposes to use
                                                    Commission notes that, in an amendment to IEX’s          determines the PBB for a particular                       the following quote stability variables: N
                                                    exchange application, IEX clarified that its D-Peg       security to be an unstable quote, it
                                                    Order is based on the Protected NBBO. See                                                                          = the number of protected quotations on
                                                    Investors’ Exchange LLC—Form 1 Application and           would restrict buy Discretionary Pegged                   the near side of the market; F = the
                                                    Exhibits, Addendum B–1 Comparison to                                                                               number of protected quotations on the
                                                    Amendment No. 1, available at https://                      12 The term ‘‘working price’’ is defined in

                                                    www.sec.gov/rules/other/2016/iex/iex-form-1-             Exchange Rule 7.36P(a)(3) as the price at which an
                                                                                                                                                                       far side of the market; N¥1 = the
                                                    addendum-b-1-amendments-redline.pdf.                     order is eligible to trade at any given time, which       number of protected quotations on the
                                                       10 The term ‘‘Pegged Order’’ is defined in            may be different from the limit price or display          near side of the market one millisecond
                                                    Exchange Rule 7.31P(h) as a Limit Order that does        price of the order. The term ‘‘limit price’’ is defined   ago; and F¥1 = the number of protected
asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES




                                                    not route with a working price that is pegged to a       in Exchange Rule 7.36P(a)(2) as the highest (lowest)
                                                                                                             specified price at which a Limit Order to buy (sell)
                                                                                                                                                                       quotations on the far side of the market
                                                    dynamic reference price. If the designated reference
                                                    price is higher (lower) than the limit price of a        is eligible to trade.                                     one millisecond ago. The Exchange
                                                    Pegged Order to buy (sell), the working price will          13 The term ‘‘PBBO’’ is defined in Exchange Rule       proposes to use a quote instability
                                                    be the limit price of the order.                         1.1(dd) as the highest Protected Bid and the lowest       threshold of 0.32.
                                                       11 The term ‘‘NYSE Arca Marketplace’’ is defined      Protected Offer.                                             Pursuant to proposed Rule
                                                    in Exchange Rule 1.1(e) as the electronic securities        14 The term ‘‘Corporation’’ is defined in Exchange

                                                    communications and trading facility designated by        Rule 1.1(k) to mean NYSE Arca Equities, Inc., as
                                                                                                                                                                       7.31P(h)(3)(D)(i)(D)(3), the Exchange
                                                    the Board of Directors through which orders of           described in NYSE Arca Equities, Inc.’s Certificate       reserves the right to modify the quote
                                                    Users are consolidated for execution and/or display.     of Incorporation and Bylaws.                              stability coefficients or quote instability


                                               VerDate Sep<11>2014   19:05 Jun 30, 2016   Jkt 238001   PO 00000   Frm 00117   Fmt 4703    Sfmt 4703   E:\FR\FM\01JYN1.SGM    01JYN1


                                                                                        Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 127 / Friday, July 1, 2016 / Notices                                                      43299

                                                    threshold at any time, subject to the                   orders on the Exchange located in                        proposed calculation to determine
                                                    filing of a proposed rule change with the               Mahwah, NJ.22 Finally, this commenter                    whether a quote is unstable is a
                                                    Commission.                                             argues that the Exchange should adopt                    straightforward determination that does
                                                       Proposed Rule 7.31P(h)(3)(E) would                   a different name for the proposed order                  not require inbound order flow to be
                                                    provide that if the PBBO is locked or                   type to avoid confusion and                              intentionally delayed to be effective.29
                                                    crossed, both an arriving and a resting                 misrepresentation regarding the nature                   According to the Exchange, while an
                                                    Discretionary Pegged Order would wait                   of the order type.23                                     intentionally-delayed market may
                                                    for a PBBO that is not locked or crossed                   Another commenter also opposes the                    prevent arriving interest from
                                                    before the working price is adjusted and                proposed rule change. According to this                  interacting with pegged orders
                                                    the order becomes eligible to trade.                    commenter, Commission approval of                        immediately, it does not believe that
                                                       The Exchange anticipates that it will                exchanges’ use of predictive order types                 processing market data updates and
                                                    announce the implementation date of                     such as the proposed Discretionary                       inbound orders out of phase (as with
                                                    the proposed rule change by the fourth                  Pegged Order would result in rapidly                     IEX) or simultaneously (as proposed by
                                                    quarter of 2016.15                                      increasing order type complexity, which                  the Exchange) would materially alter the
                                                                                                            would reduce market resilience and                       effectiveness of the proposed
                                                    III. Summary of Comments and                            make markets more opaque for all                         functionality.30 The Exchange also
                                                    Response to Comments                                    investors.24 The commenter states its                    states its belief that the benefits of the
                                                       The Commission received two                          belief that the utility of these order                   proposed functionality would be the
                                                    comment letters opposing the proposed                   types is marginal and does not outweigh                  same regardless of the relative speed.31
                                                    rule change and a response letter and an                the additional complexity that these                     Moreover, according to the Exchange,
                                                    amendment from the Exchange.16                          order types would impose on the                          the proposed Discretionary Pegged
                                                       One commenter points out that, as                    market.25 This commenter also                            Order would be an optional order type,
                                                    noted by the Exchange, the proposed                     expresses concerns regarding how the                     and if market participants do not believe
                                                    Discretionary Pegged Order is a copy of                 Commission could or would effectively                    that the quote instability formula
                                                    the D-Peg Order that the commenter                      review and police additional predictive                  appropriately predicts market
                                                    created, which has been offered since                   order types as they emerge and evolve,                   movement, they do not have to use the
                                                    November 2014 by the IEX Alternative                    and whether the Commission would                         order type.32 The Exchange states that,
                                                    Trading System.17 This commenter                        propose guidance or limitations on how                   over time and based on client feedback,
                                                    states its belief that the D-Peg Order is               predictive order types may operate.26                    it would consider changes to the
                                                    a useful order type that can protect                    Finally, this commenter states that                      specific formula used to assess the
                                                    investors, if implemented properly.18                   predictive order types encroach on the                   quality of the market or would consider
                                                    However, this commenter questions the                   traditional role of broker-dealers by                    offering additional types of
                                                    effectiveness of the proposed                           using inherent competitive advantages                    Discretionary Pegged Orders to serve the
                                                    Discretionary Pegged Order, and states                  that exchanges have over broker-                         trading needs of different market
                                                    that it should not be approved unless                   dealers.27                                               participants, subject to filing separate
                                                    the Exchange amends the proposal and                       In response to comments, the
                                                                                                                                                                     proposed rule changes with the
                                                    provides additional justifications to                   Exchange indicates that the proposed
                                                                                                                                                                     Commission.33 Finally, the Exchange
                                                    show that the order type would work as                  Discretionary Pegged Order is a
                                                                                                                                                                     states that it does not anticipate that the
                                                    purported.19 Specifically, this                         competitive response to IEX’s D-Peg
                                                                                                                                                                     proposed order type would have any
                                                    commenter states that the Exchange                      Order.28 The Exchange states that the
                                                                                                                                                                     disruptive effects on the overall
                                                    would not be in a position to deliver the                 22 See
                                                                                                                                                                     market.34
                                                                                                                      id., at 2.
                                                    benefits as claimed if it continues to                    23 See  id., at 3. In its letter, the commenter also
                                                    offer co-location and microwave                                                                                  IV. Commission Findings
                                                                                                            responds to the Exchange’s comments on the D-Peg
                                                    services to fast market participants                    Order, which were set forth in the Notice. See id.,
                                                                                                                                                                        After careful review, the Commission
                                                    because the Exchange would not be able                  at 2. As noted above, the Commission granted IEX’s
                                                                                                            application for registration as a national securities    finds that the proposed rule change, as
                                                    to effectively update the order during a                exchange, which included the D-Peg Order. See            modified by Amendment No. 1, is
                                                    crumbling quote faster than the market                  supra note 9. This order does not address comments       consistent with the requirements of the
                                                    participant trying to pick off the order.20             and responses related to IEX’s D-Peg Order.
                                                                                                                                                                     Act and the rules and regulations
                                                                                                               24 See Citadel Letter at 1. This commenter notes
                                                    This commenter also questions whether                                                                            thereunder applicable to a national
                                                                                                            that the proposed Discretionary Pegged Order is
                                                    the Exchange understands the use of the                 virtually identical to IEX’s D-Peg Order. See id. The    securities exchange.35 In particular, the
                                                    proposed order type and expresses                       commenter notes that it explained its concerns in
                                                    concern that the implementation of                      more detail in its comment letter on IEX’s exchange        29 See
                                                                                                            application. See Letter from John C. Nagel, Esq.,                  Amendment No. 1 at 4.
                                                    order types that are not well thought-                                                                             30 See  id.
                                                                                                            Managing Director and Sr. Deputy General Counsel,
                                                    through can increase systemic risk and                  Citadel LLC, to Brent J. Fields, Secretary,                 31 See id.
                                                    may have adverse impacts on investor                    Commission, dated April 14, 2016.                           32 See Response Letter at 4–5 and Amendment

                                                    protection.21 According to the                             25 See Citadel Letter at 2.                           No. 1 at 4. The Exchange states its belief that the
                                                    commenter, the D-Peg formula was                           26 See id.                                            effectiveness of a particular order type in serving
                                                                                                               27 See id. In the context of IEX’s D-Peg Order and    the trading needs of market participants should be
                                                    calculated based on the location of its                                                                          market-driven. See Response Letter at 4.
                                                                                                            the proposed Discretionary Pegged Order, the
                                                    systems in Weehawken, NJ, and its                       Exchange also requests that the Commission                  33 See Response Letter at 4. In its response letter,
                                                    unique latency profile, and it makes                    articulate the boundaries of when an exchange may        the Exchange also provides additional comments on
asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES




                                                    little sense to apply the same formula to               or may not offer services that are otherwise             IEX’s exchange application. As noted above, the
                                                                                                            performed by broker-dealers and when it would be         Commission granted IEX’s exchange application,
                                                      15 See                                                appropriate for an exchange to monitor the quality       and this order does not address comments and
                                                             Amendment No. 1 at 5.
                                                      16 See                                                of the prices in a market to determine how to price      responses related to IEX’s D-Peg Order. See supra
                                                             supra notes 4, 5, and 8.                                                                                note 9.
                                                      17 See IEX Letter at 1.
                                                                                                            an order, and raises the issue of whether these order
                                                                                                            types are consistent with the Commission’s                  34 See Amendment No. 1 at 4.
                                                      18 See id.
                                                                                                            previous disapproval of Nasdaq’s benchmark                  35 In approving this proposed rule change, the
                                                      19 See id., at 1–3.
                                                                                                            orders. See Response Letter at 2–4. See also Notice,     Commission has considered the proposed rule’s
                                                      20 See id., at 2.                                     supra note 3, at 17751.                                  impact on efficiency, competition, and capital
                                                      21 See id., at 2–3.                                      28 See Response Letter at 3–4.                        formation. See 15 U.S.C. 78c(f).



                                               VerDate Sep<11>2014   19:05 Jun 30, 2016   Jkt 238001   PO 00000   Frm 00118   Fmt 4703   Sfmt 4703   E:\FR\FM\01JYN1.SGM     01JYN1


                                                    43300                             Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 127 / Friday, July 1, 2016 / Notices

                                                    Commission finds that the proposed                      notes that, in response to the comments,               Rule 19b–4 under the Act, and the
                                                    rule change, as modified by Amendment                   the Exchange acknowledges that an                      standards in Section 6(b) of the Act,
                                                    No. 1, is consistent with Section 6(b)(5)               intentionally-delayed market may                       among other provisions.48
                                                    of the Act,36 which requires, among                     prevent arriving interest from                            With respect to a commenter’s request
                                                    other things, that the rules of a national              interacting with pegged orders                         that the Exchange use a different name
                                                    securities exchange be designed to                      immediately, but states its belief that the            for the proposed order in order to avoid
                                                    prevent fraudulent and manipulative                     proposed Discretionary Pegged Order                    confusion and misrepresentation
                                                    acts and practices, to promote just and                 would be effective, notwithstanding the                regarding the nature of the order,49 the
                                                    equitable principles of trade, to remove                differences in speed between the                       Commission notes that the functionality
                                                    impediments to and perfect the                          Exchange and IEX.45                                    of the proposed Discretionary Pegged
                                                    mechanism of a free and open market                        With respect to questions regarding                 Order is specifically delineated in
                                                    and a national market system, and, in                   whether the proposed Discretionary                     proposed Rule 7.31P(h)(3). Moreover,
                                                    general, to protect investors and the                   Pegged Order would perform a function                  the Commission notes that, currently,
                                                    public interest.                                        that is typically performed by broker-                 order types on different exchanges with
                                                       As noted above, the proposed                         dealers, and whether approval of the                   nearly identical names may function
                                                    Discretionary Pegged Order is based on                  proposed Discretionary Pegged Order                    differently.50 As a result, the
                                                    IEX’s D-Peg Order, although there are                   would be inconsistent with the                         Commission does not believe the
                                                    some differences between the two                        Commission’s prior disapproval of                      Exchange’s use of the name
                                                    orders.37 First, unlike IEX’s D-Peg                     Nasdaq’s ‘‘benchmark orders,’’ the                     ‘‘Discretionary Pegged Order’’ raises
                                                    Order, the proposed Discretionary                       Commission notes that, as with IEX’s                   regulatory concerns.
                                                    Pegged Order must have a limit price.38                 rules governing the D-Peg Order,
                                                                                                                                                                      Finally, the Commission notes that
                                                    The Commission notes that this is not                   proposed Rule 7.31P(h)(3) would
                                                                                                                                                                   existing exchanges offer both discretion
                                                    a novel aspect for this type of order                   delineate the specific conditions under
                                                    because IEX’s D-Peg Order is also                       which a Discretionary Pegged Order                     and pegging functionalities, including
                                                    permitted to have a limit price, although               would or would not be eligible to                      the combination of both of those
                                                    it is not required to have one.39 Second,               execute up (down) to the Midpoint Price                functionalities in a single order type.51
                                                    unlike IEX’s D-Peg Order, the proposed                  by setting forth the formula that the                  As with IEX’s D-Peg Order, the
                                                    Discretionary Pegged Order must have a                  Exchange would use to determine quote                  proposed discretion functionality would
                                                    Day time-in-force.40 The Commission                     stability. Also, as with IEX’s D-Peg                   be turned ‘‘on’’ or ‘‘off’’ depending on
                                                    similarly notes that this is not a novel                Order, the Exchange would encode in                    the Exchange’s quote stability
                                                    aspect for this type of order because                   its rule the totality of the discretionary             determination. Because the Exchange
                                                    IEX’s D-Peg Order is also permitted to                  feature of the proposed Discretionary                  has encoded in its rule the totality of the
                                                    have the Day time-in-force, although it                 Pegged Order. As the Exchange notes in                 discretionary feature of the proposed
                                                    is permitted to have certain other times-               the proposal, the manner by which it                   Discretionary Pegged Order, the
                                                    in-force as well.41 Third, if the PBBO is               would monitor the quality of the quotes                Commission believes the proposed
                                                    locked or crossed, an arriving or resting               would be objective and transparent, as                 order type is a close variant of the
                                                    Discretionary Pegged Order would wait                   set forth in the proposed rule.46 As with              discretion and pegging functionality
                                                    for a PBBO that is not locked or crossed                IEX’s D-Peg Order, the Commission does                 that currently exist on other exchanges.
                                                    before the working price is adjusted and                not believe that the hardcoded                            Based on the foregoing and the
                                                    the order becomes eligible to trade,42                  conditionality of the proposed order                   Exchange’s representations, the
                                                    whereas IEX’s D-Peg Order can be                        type would provide the Exchange with                   Commission believes that the proposed
                                                    priced and traded if the market is locked               actual discretion or the ability to                    rule change, as modified by Amendment
                                                    or crossed.43 The Commission notes that                 exercise individualized judgment when                  No. 1, is consistent with the Act.
                                                    the proposed treatment of Discretionary                 executing an order. The Commission                     V. Solicitation of Comments on
                                                    Pegged Orders when the market is                        also notes that the Exchange would be                  Amendment No. 1
                                                    locked or crossed is consistent with                    required to submit a proposed rule
                                                    Exchange Rule 7.31P(h)(1)(B), which                     change pursuant to Section 19(b) of the                  Interested persons are invited to
                                                    governs the treatment of other non-                     Act prior to implementing any changes                  submit written data, views, and
                                                    displayed pegged orders on the                          to the proposed order. Moreover, as                    arguments concerning the foregoing,
                                                    Exchange (i.e., Market Pegged Orders)                   with IEX’s D-Peg Order, the Commission                 including whether Amendment No. 1 to
                                                    when the market is locked or crossed.                   believes that the proposed Discretionary               the proposed rule change is consistent
                                                       The Commission notes that, according                 Pegged Order is distinguishable from                   with the Act. Comments may be
                                                    to the Exchange, the proposed                           Nasdaq’s benchmark orders and does
                                                    Discretionary Pegged Order would assist                 not implicate the same issues.47                         48 See  also Form 19b–4, General Instructions.
                                                    ETP Holders in obtaining best execution                    With respect to a commenter’s                         49 In its comment letter, this commenter
                                                    for their customers by limiting                         concern that approval of the proposed                  references its ‘‘Patent-Pending ‘DYNAMIC PEG
                                                    executions at the Midpoint Price when                   Discretionary Pegged Order would lead                  ORDERS IN AN ELECTRONIC TRADING SYSTEM’
                                                                                                                                                                   in the U.S. patent application number 14/799,975,
                                                    the PBBO is not stable, and by reducing                 to the proliferation of complex                        priority to August 22, 2014.’’ However, this
                                                    the potential to execute at a stale                     predictive order types, the Commission                 commenter states that its comment letter ‘‘speaks to
                                                    price.44 Moreover, the Commission                       notes that new exchange proposed order                 deficiencies in NYSE’s application in light of
                                                                                                            types are subject to the rule filing                   current market structure and is not intended to
asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES




                                                                                                                                                                   address, comment on or waive our property rights
                                                      36 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).                               process of Section 19(b) of the Act and                in the D-peg invention or related subject matter.’’
                                                      37 See supra note 9.
                                                      38 See Notice, supra note 3, at 17749.
                                                                                                                                                                   See IEX Letter at note 2. In issuing this order, the
                                                                                                              45 See supra notes 29–34 and accompanying text       Commission expresses no view with respect to
                                                      39 See IEX Rule 11.190(b)(10)(E).
                                                                                                            (discussing in more detail the Exchange’s response     these matters.
                                                      40 See Notice, supra note 3, at 17749.
                                                                                                            to comments).                                             50 See, e.g., Exchange Rule 7.31P(h)(2) (describing
                                                      41 See IEX Rule 11.190(b)(10)(B).                       46 See Notice, supra note 3, at 17751.               the Exchange’s ‘‘Primary Pegged Order’’) and IEX
                                                      42 See Amendment No. 1 at 3–4.                          47 See IEX Order, supra note 9, at 41153             Rules 11.190(a)(3) and (b)(8) (describing IEX’s
                                                      43 See IEX Rule 11.190(h)(3).
                                                                                                            (discussing in more detail the differences between     ‘‘primary peg order’’).
                                                      44 See Notice, supra note 3, at 17751.                IEX’s D-Peg Order and Nasdaq’s benchmark orders).         51 See, e.g., Nasdaq Rule 4703(g).




                                               VerDate Sep<11>2014   19:05 Jun 30, 2016   Jkt 238001   PO 00000   Frm 00119   Fmt 4703   Sfmt 4703   E:\FR\FM\01JYN1.SGM     01JYN1


                                                                                      Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 127 / Friday, July 1, 2016 / Notices                                              43301

                                                    submitted by any of the following                       arriving and resting Discretionary                       17d–1 under the Act to permit certain
                                                    methods:                                                Pegged Order would wait for a PBBO                       joint arrangements and transactions.
                                                                                                            that is not locked or crossed before the
                                                    Electronic Comments                                                                                                 Summary of the Application:
                                                                                                            working price is adjusted and the order
                                                      • Use the Commission’s Internet                       becomes eligible to trade. As noted                      Applicants request an order that would
                                                    comment form (http://www.sec.gov/                       above, this aspect of the proposed                       permit certain registered open-end
                                                    rules/sro.shtml); or                                    Discretionary Pegged Order is consistent                 management investment companies to
                                                      • Send an email to rule-comments@                     with Exchange Rule 7.31P(h)(1)(B),                       participate in a joint lending and
                                                    sec.gov. Please include File Number SR–                 which governs the treatment of other                     borrowing facility.
                                                    NYSEArca–2016–44 on the subject line.                   non-displayed pegged orders on the                          Applicants: MainStay Funds Trust,
                                                    Paper Comments                                          Exchange (i.e., Market Pegged Orders)                    The MainStay Funds and MainStay VP
                                                                                                            when the market is locked or crossed. In                 Funds Trust (each a ‘‘Trust’’ and
                                                       • Send paper comments in triplicate                                                                           collectively the ‘‘Trusts’’) and New York
                                                                                                            Amendment No. 1, the Exchange also
                                                    to Brent J. Fields, Secretary, Securities                                                                        Life Investment Management LLC
                                                                                                            provided additional responses to the
                                                    and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street                                                                            (‘‘New York Life Investments’’).
                                                    NE., Washington, DC 20549–1090.                         comment letters and provided more
                                                                                                            information regarding the                                   Filing Dates: The application was
                                                    All submissions should refer to File                    implementation date for the proposed                     filed on July 30, 2015, and amended on
                                                    Number SR–NYSEArca–2016–44. This                        rule change. These two changes do not                    September 28, 2015, January 19, 2016,
                                                    file number should be included on the                                                                            May 12, 2016, and June 20, 2016.
                                                                                                            alter the substance of the proposed rule
                                                    subject line if email is used. To help the                                                                          Hearing or Notification of Hearing: An
                                                                                                            change. Accordingly, the Commission
                                                    Commission process and review your                                                                               order granting the requested relief will
                                                                                                            finds good cause, pursuant to Section
                                                    comments more efficiently, please use                                                                            be issued unless the Commission orders
                                                                                                            19(b)(2) of the Act,52 to approve the
                                                    only one method. The Commission will                                                                             a hearing. Interested persons may
                                                                                                            proposed rule change, as modified by
                                                    post all comments on the Commission’s                                                                            request a hearing by writing to the
                                                                                                            Amendment No. 1, on an accelerated
                                                    Internet Web site (http://www.sec.gov/                                                                           Commission’s Secretary and serving
                                                                                                            basis.
                                                    rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the                                                                                  applicants with a copy of the request,
                                                    submission, all subsequent                              VII. Conclusion                                          personally or by mail. Hearing requests
                                                    amendments, all written statements                                                                               should be received by the Commission
                                                                                                              It is therefore ordered, pursuant to
                                                    with respect to the proposed rule                                                                                by 5:30 p.m. on July 22, 2016 and
                                                                                                            Section 19(b)(2) of the Act,53 that the
                                                    change that are filed with the                                                                                   should be accompanied by proof of
                                                                                                            proposed rule change (SR–NYSEArca–
                                                    Commission, and all written                                                                                      service on the applicants, in the form of
                                                                                                            2016–44), as modified by Amendment
                                                    communications relating to the                                                                                   an affidavit, or, for lawyers, a certificate
                                                                                                            No. 1, be, and it hereby is, approved on
                                                    proposed rule change between the                                                                                 of service. Pursuant to rule 0–5 under
                                                                                                            an accelerated basis.
                                                    Commission and any person, other than                                                                            the Act, hearing requests should state
                                                    those that may be withheld from the                       For the Commission, by the Division of
                                                                                                            Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated
                                                                                                                                                                     the nature of the writer’s interest, any
                                                    public in accordance with the                                                                                    facts bearing upon the desirability of a
                                                    provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be                     authority.54
                                                                                                            Robert W. Errett,
                                                                                                                                                                     hearing on the matter, the reason for the
                                                    available for Web site viewing and                                                                               request, and the issues contested.
                                                    printing in the Commission’s Public                     Deputy Secretary.
                                                                                                                                                                     Persons who wish to be notified of a
                                                    Reference Room, 100 F Street NE.,                       [FR Doc. 2016–15718 Filed 6–30–16; 8:45 am]
                                                                                                                                                                     hearing may request notification by
                                                    Washington, DC 20549, on official                       BILLING CODE 8011–01–P                                   writing to the Commission’s Secretary.
                                                    business days between the hours of
                                                                                                                                                                     ADDRESSES: Secretary, U.S. Securities
                                                    10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Copies of the
                                                                                                            SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE                                  and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street
                                                    filing also will be available for
                                                                                                            COMMISSION                                               NE., Washington, DC 20549–1090;
                                                    inspection and copying at the principal
                                                                                                                                                                     Applicants: New York Life Investment
                                                    office of the Exchange. All comments                    [Investment Company Act Release No. IC–                  Management LLC, 51 Madison Avenue,
                                                    received will be posted without change;                 32163; File No. 812–14523]                               New York, NY 10010.
                                                    the Commission does not edit personal
                                                    identifying information from                                                                                     FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
                                                                                                            MainStay Funds Trust, et al.; Notice of
                                                    submissions. You should submit only                     Application                                              Robert Shapiro, Senior Counsel, at (202)
                                                    information that you wish to make                                                                                551–7758 or Mary Kay Frech, Branch
                                                    available publicly. All submissions                     June 27, 2016.                                           Chief, at (202) 551–6821 (Division of
                                                    should refer to File Number SR–                         AGENCY:    Securities and Exchange                       Investment Management, Chief
                                                    NYSEArca–2016–44 and should be                          Commission (‘‘Commission’’).                             Counsel’s Office).
                                                    submitted on or before July 22, 2016.                   ACTION: Notice of an application for an                  SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The
                                                                                                            order pursuant to: (a) Section 6(c) of the               following is a summary of the
                                                    VI. Accelerated Approval of the                                                                                  application. The complete application
                                                    Proposed Rule Change, as Modified by                    Investment Company Act of 1940
                                                                                                            (‘‘Act’’) granting an exemption from                     may be obtained via the Commission’s
                                                    Amendment No. 1                                                                                                  Web site by searching for the file
                                                                                                            sections 18(f) and 21(b) of the Act; (b)
                                                       The Commission finds good cause to                   section 12(d)(1)(J) of the Act granting an               number, or an applicant using the
                                                    approve the proposed rule change, as
asabaliauskas on DSK3SPTVN1PROD with NOTICES




                                                                                                            exemption from section 12(d)(1) of the                   Company name box, at http://
                                                    modified by Amendment No. 1, prior to                   Act; (c) sections 6(c) and 17(b) of the                  www.sec.gov/search/search.htm or by
                                                    the 30th day after the date of                          Act granting an exemption from sections                  calling (202) 551–8090.
                                                    publication of notice of Amendment No.                  17(a)(1), 17(a)(2) and 17(a)(3) of the Act;
                                                    1 in the Federal Register. In                                                                                    Applicants’ Representations
                                                                                                            and (d) section 17(d) of the Act and rule
                                                    Amendment No. 1, the Exchange added                                                                                1. Each Trust is organized as a
                                                    subsection (E) to proposed Rule                           52 15    U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).                             Massachusetts business trust or a
                                                    7.31P(h)(3), which would provide that if                  53 Id.                                                 Delaware statutory trust and is
                                                    the PBBO is locked or crossed, both an                    54 17    CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).                          registered under the Act as an open-end


                                               VerDate Sep<11>2014   19:05 Jun 30, 2016   Jkt 238001   PO 00000   Frm 00120     Fmt 4703   Sfmt 4703   E:\FR\FM\01JYN1.SGM   01JYN1



Document Created: 2016-07-14 11:37:28
Document Modified: 2016-07-14 11:37:28
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionNotices
FR Citation81 FR 43297 

2025 Federal Register | Disclaimer | Privacy Policy
USC | CFR | eCFR