81_FR_45222 81 FR 45089 - National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Ferroalloys Production

81 FR 45089 - National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: Ferroalloys Production

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

Federal Register Volume 81, Issue 133 (July 12, 2016)

Page Range45089-45095
FR Document2016-16450

On June 30, 2015, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) published the residual risk and technology review (RTR) final rule, establishing national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP) for the Ferroalloys Production source category. Subsequently, the EPA received two petitions for reconsideration of certain aspects of the final rule. The EPA is announcing reconsideration of and requesting public comment on three issues raised in the petitions for reconsideration, as detailed in the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of this action. The three issues the EPA is reconsidering and seeking public comment on are the following: the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) compliance testing frequency for furnaces that produce ferromanganese (FeMn); the use of the digital camera opacity technique (DCOT) for determining compliance with the shop building opacity standards; and the use of bag leak detection systems (BLDS) on positive pressure baghouses. The EPA is seeking comment only on these three issues and will not respond to comments addressing other issues or other provisions of the final rule. The EPA is not proposing any changes to the NESHAP in this document.

Federal Register, Volume 81 Issue 133 (Tuesday, July 12, 2016)
[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 133 (Tuesday, July 12, 2016)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 45089-45095]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2016-16450]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 63

[EPA-HQ-OAR-2010-0895; FRL-9948-86-OAR]
RIN 2060-AS90


National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants: 
Ferroalloys Production

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Reconsideration; proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: On June 30, 2015, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 
published the residual risk and technology review (RTR) final rule, 
establishing national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants 
(NESHAP) for the Ferroalloys Production source category. Subsequently, 
the EPA received two petitions for reconsideration of certain aspects 
of the final rule. The EPA is announcing reconsideration of and 
requesting public comment on three issues raised in the petitions for 
reconsideration, as detailed in the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section 
of this action. The three issues the EPA is reconsidering and seeking 
public comment on are the following: the polycyclic aromatic 
hydrocarbons (PAH) compliance testing frequency for furnaces that 
produce ferromanganese (FeMn); the use of the digital camera opacity 
technique (DCOT) for determining compliance with the shop building 
opacity standards; and the use of bag leak detection systems (BLDS) on 
positive pressure baghouses. The EPA is seeking comment only on these 
three issues and will not respond to comments addressing other issues 
or other provisions of the final rule. The EPA is not proposing any 
changes to the NESHAP in this document.

DATES: Comments. Comments must be received on or before August 26, 
2016.
    Public Hearing. If anyone contacts us requesting to speak at a 
public hearing by July 18, 2016, a public hearing will be held on July 
27, 2016. If you are interested in attending the public hearing, 
contact Ms. Virginia Hunt at (919) 541-0832 or by email at 
[email protected] to verify that a hearing will be held. If the EPA 
holds a public hearing, the EPA will keep the record of the hearing 
open for 30 days after completion of the hearing to provide an 
opportunity for submission of rebuttal and supplementary information.

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-
OAR-2010-0895, at http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the online 
instructions for submitting comments. Once submitted, comments cannot 
be edited or removed from Regulations.gov. The EPA may publish any 
comment received to its public docket. Do not submit electronically any 
information you consider to be confidential business information (CBI) 
or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. 
Multimedia submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be accompanied by a 
written comment. The written comment is considered the official comment 
and should include discussion of all points you wish to make. The EPA 
will generally not consider comments or comment contents located 
outside of the primary submission (i.e., on the Web, cloud, or other 
file sharing system). For additional submission methods, the full EPA 
public comment policy information about CBI, or multimedia submissions, 
and general guidance on making effective comments, please visit http://www2.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-epa-dockets.
    Instructions. Direct your comments to Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-
2010-0895. The EPA's policy is that all comments received will be 
included in the public docket without change and may be made available 
online at http://www.regulations.gov, including any personal 
information provided, unless the comment includes information claimed 
to be CBI or other information whose disclosure is restricted by 
statute. Do not submit information that you consider to be CBI or 
otherwise protected through http://www.regulations.gov or email. The 
http://www.regulations.gov Web site is an ``anonymous access'' system, 
which means the EPA will not know your identity or contact information 
unless you provide it in the body of your comment. If you submit an 
electronic comment through http://www.regulations.gov, the EPA 
recommends that you include your name and other contact information in 
the body of your comment and with any disk or CD-ROM you submit. If the 
EPA cannot read your comment due to technical difficulties and cannot 
contact you for clarification, the EPA may not

[[Page 45090]]

be able to consider your comment. If you send an email comment directly 
to the EPA without going through http://www.regulations.gov, your email 
address will be automatically captured and included as part of the 
comment that is placed in the public docket and made available on the 
Internet. Electronic files should avoid the use of special characters, 
any form of encryption, and be free of any defects or viruses.
    Docket. The EPA has established a docket for this rulemaking under 
Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2010-0895. All documents in the docket are 
listed in the http://www.regulations.gov index. Although listed in the 
index, some information is not publicly available, e.g., CBI or other 
information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other 
material, such as copyrighted material, is not placed on the Internet 
and will be publicly available only in hard copy. Publicly available 
docket materials are available either electronically in http://www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the EPA Docket Center, EPA WJC 
West Building, Room Number 3334, 1301 Constitution Avenue NW., 
Washington, DC. The Public Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 
p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone 
number for the Public Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the telephone 
number for the EPA Docket Center is (202) 566-1742.
    Public Hearing. If requested by July 18, 2016, we will hold a 
public hearing on July 27, 2016, from 10:00 a.m. [Eastern Standard 
Time] to 5:00 p.m. [Eastern Standard Time] at the U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency building located at 109 T.W. Alexander Drive, 
Research Park, NC 27711. Please contact Virginia Hunt of the Sector 
Policies and Programs Division via email at [email protected] or 
phone at (919) 541-0832 to request a hearing, register to speak at the 
hearing, or to inquire as to whether or not a hearing will be held. The 
last day to pre-register in advance to speak at the hearing will be 
July 25, 2016. Additionally, requests to speak will be taken the day of 
the hearing at the hearing registration desk, although preferences on 
speaking times may not be able to be fulfilled. If you require the 
service of a translator or special accommodations such as audio 
description, we ask that you pre-register for the hearing, as we may 
not be able to arrange such accommodations without advance notice. The 
hearing will provide interested parties the opportunity to present 
data, views, or arguments concerning the proposed rule reconsideration 
action. The EPA will make every effort to accommodate all speakers who 
arrive and register. Because this hearing is held at a U.S. government 
facility, individuals planning to attend the hearing should be prepared 
to show valid picture identification to the security staff in order to 
gain access to the meeting room. Please note that the REAL ID Act, 
passed by Congress in 2005, established new requirements for entering 
Federal facilities. If your driver's license is issued by Alaska, 
American Samoa, Arizona, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Massachusetts, 
Minnesota, Montana, New York, Oklahoma, or the state of Washington, you 
must present an additional form of identification to enter the federal 
building. Acceptable alternative forms of identification include: 
Federal employee badges, passports, enhanced driver's licenses, and 
military identification cards. In addition, you will need to obtain a 
property pass for any personal belongings you bring with you. Upon 
leaving the building, you will be required to return this property pass 
to the security desk. No large signs will be allowed in the building, 
cameras may only be used outside of the building, and demonstrations 
will not be allowed on federal property for security reasons. The EPA 
may ask clarifying questions during the oral presentations, but will 
not respond to the presentations at that time. Written statements and 
supporting information submitted during the comment period will be 
considered with the same weight as oral comments and supporting 
information presented at the public hearing. Verbatim transcripts of 
the hearing and written statements will be included in the docket for 
the rulemaking. The EPA will make every effort to follow the schedule 
as closely as possible on the day of the hearing; however, please plan 
for the hearing to run either ahead of schedule or behind schedule. 
Again, a hearing will not be held on this rulemaking unless requested. 
A hearing needs to be requested by July 18, 2016.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For questions about this action, 
contact Phil Mulrine, Sector Policies and Programs Division (D243-02), 
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; 
telephone number: (919) 541-5289; fax number: (919) 541-3207; and email 
address: [email protected]. For information about the applicability 
of the NESHAP to a particular entity, contact Cary Secrest, Office of 
Enforcement and Compliance Assurance (2242A), U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency, EPA WJC South Building, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW., 
Washington, DC 20460; telephone number: (202) 564-8661; and email 
address: [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
    Organization of this Document. The information presented in this 
preamble is organized as follows:

I. General Information
    A. Does this action apply to me?
    B. What action is the agency taking?
    C. What is the agency's authority for taking this action?
    D. What are the incremental cost impacts of this action?
II. Background
III. Discussion of the Issues Under Reconsideration
    A. Quarterly PAH Testing for Furnaces Producing FeMn
    B. DCOT Opacity Compliance Demonstration
    C. BLDS on Positive Pressure Baghouses
IV. Impacts of This Action
    A. Economic Impacts
    B. Environmental Impacts
V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
    A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review, and 
Executive Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review
    B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
    C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
    D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)
    E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
    F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With 
Indian Tribal Governments
    G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From 
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
    H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use
    I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA)
    J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address 
Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income 
Populations

I. General Information

A. Does this action apply to me?

    Categories and entities potentially affected by this action are 
shown in Table 1 of this preamble.

    Table 1--NESHAP and Industrial Source Categories Affected by This
                             Proposed Action
------------------------------------------------------------------------
               NESHAP and source category                 NAICS \1\ Code
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Ferroalloys Production.................................          331112
------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ North American Industry Classification System.

This table is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather provides a 
guide

[[Page 45091]]

for readers regarding entities likely to be regulated by this action. 
This table lists the types of entities that the EPA is now aware could 
potentially be regulated by this action. Other types of entities not 
listed in the table could also be regulated. To determine whether your 
entity may be affected by this action, you should carefully examine the 
applicability criteria found in 40 CFR 63.1620 of Title 40 of the Code 
of Federal Regulations. If you have questions regarding the 
applicability of this action to a particular entity, consult the person 
listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.

B. What action is the agency taking?

    In this action, in response to petitions for reconsideration from 
Eramet Marietta Inc. (Eramet) and Felman Production LLC (Felman), the 
EPA is granting reconsideration of and requesting comment on the 
following three provisions of the final rule: (1) The requirement to 
conduct PAH performance testing every 3 months for furnaces producing 
FeMn for the first year with the opportunity to reduce to annual 
testing after the first year; (2) the requirement to demonstrate 
compliance with the shop building opacity standards using DCOT in 
accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) 
D7520-13; and (3) the requirement to monitor positive pressure baghouse 
emissions using BLDS. As described in detail in Section II of this 
preamble, one or both of the petitioners requested EPA reconsider these 
three provisions.
    This action is limited to the specific three provisions identified 
previously. Another issue raised by Eramet in their petition concerned 
the method we used to calculate the PAH emission limits. The EPA is 
deferring any decisions regarding whether to grant or deny 
reconsideration of this issue, and we are not reopening comment at this 
time on this issue. We will determine whether to grant or deny 
reconsideration of the PAH emission calculation issue no later than 
when we take final action on the three provisions we are reopening in 
this action.
    We will not respond to any comments addressing any other provisions 
not being reconsidered in the final Ferroalloys Production NESHAP. 
Furthermore, the EPA is not proposing any changes to the NESHAP in this 
action.

C. What is the agency's authority for taking this action?

    The statutory authority for this action is provided by sections 112 
and 307(d)(7)(B) of the Clean Air Act (CAA) as amended (42 U.S.C. 7412 
and 7607(d)(7)(B)).

D. What are the incremental cost impacts of this action?

    There are no changes to the estimated incremental cost impacts that 
were presented in the Ferroalloys Production RTR final rule published 
in the Federal Register on June 30, 2015, (80 FR 37366) in this action. 
These incremental impacts were described in detail in the Final Cost 
Impacts of Control Options Considered for the Ferroalloys Production 
NESHAP to Address Fugitive HAP Emissions (see EPA-HQ-OAR-2010-0895-
0301) and the Economic Impact Analysis (EIA) for the Manganese 
Ferroalloys RTR Final Report (see EPA-HQ-OAR-2010-0895-0290).

II. Background

    Section 112 of the Clean Air Act (CAA) establishes a two-stage 
regulatory process to address emissions of hazardous air pollutants 
(HAP) from stationary major sources. In the first stage, sections 
112(d)(2) and (3) require EPA to promulgate national technology-based 
emission standards for these sources based on maximum achievable 
control technology (MACT). These standards are commonly called MACT 
standards. The EPA finalized the MACT standards for Ferroalloys 
Production on May 20, 1999 (64 FR 27450). In the second stage, section 
112(f) of the CAA requires EPA to assess the risks to human health 
remaining after implementation of the MACT standards. In addition, 
section 112(d)(6) of the CAA requires EPA to review and revise these 
MACT standards, as necessary, taking into account developments in 
practices, processes, and control technologies since EPA promulgated 
the original standards. The CAA requires EPA to conduct these reviews 
within 8 years of the publication of the final MACT standards. The EPA 
typically conducts the two reviews, commonly referred to as the risk 
and technology reviews (RTRs), concurrently, as we did with the 
Ferroalloys Production source category. The EPA completed the RTR for 
the Ferroalloys Production in 2015 and published a final RTR rule for 
the Ferroalloys Production source category in the Federal Register on 
June 30, 2015 (80 FR 37366), which included, among other things, the 
following:
     Revisions to the emission limits for particulate matter 
(PM) from stacks for the electric arc furnaces (EAF), metal oxygen 
refining (MOR) processes, and crushing and screening operations, to 
minimize PM emissions from these units;
     Emission limits for four previously unregulated hazardous 
air pollutants (HAP): Formaldehyde, hydrogen chloride, mercury, and 
PAH;
     Requirements to capture process fugitive emissions using 
effective, enhanced local capture, and duct the captured emissions to 
control devices;
     An average opacity limit of 8 percent during a full 
furnace cycle, and a maximum opacity limit of 20 percent for the 
average of any two consecutive 6-minute periods, to ensure effective 
capture and control of process fugitive emissions;
     A requirement to conduct opacity observations using the 
DCOT at least once per week for a full furnace cycle for each operating 
furnace and each MOR operation for at least 26 weeks. After 26 weeks, 
if all tests are compliant, facilities can decrease to monthly opacity 
observations;
     A requirement to use BLDS to monitor PM emissions from all 
furnace baghouses; and
     A requirement to conduct periodic performance testing to 
demonstrate compliance with the stack emission limits for the various 
HAP, including a requirement to conduct PAH performance testing every 3 
months for furnaces producing FeMn for the first year with the 
opportunity to reduce to annual testing after the first year.
    Following promulgation of the final rule, the EPA received two 
petitions for reconsideration of several provisions of the NESHAP 
pursuant to CAA section 307(d)(7)(B). The EPA received a petition dated 
August 25, 2015, from Eramet, and a petition dated August 28, 2015, 
from Felman. In the petition submitted by Eramet, the company requested 
that the EPA reconsider the following provisions: (1) The requirement 
to conduct PAH performance testing every 3 months for furnaces 
producing FeMn; (2) the requirement to demonstrate compliance weekly 
with shop building opacity limits using the DCOT in accordance with 
ASTM D7520-13; and (3) the PAH emission limits for existing furnaces 
producing FeMn and silicomanganese (SiMn). In addition, the company 
requested a stay of 90 days from the effective date of the final 
amendments pending completion of the reconsideration proceeding. In the 
petition submitted by Felman, the company stated that they support and 
adopt the petition submitted by Eramet and requested reconsideration of 
the requirement to use BLDS to monitor emissions from positive pressure 
baghouses. Copies of the petitions are provided in the docket (see EPA-
HQ-OAR-2010-0895).

[[Page 45092]]

    On November 5, 2015, the EPA sent letters to the petitioners 
granting reconsideration of the PAH compliance testing frequency issue 
raised by Eramet and the use of BLDS on positive pressure baghouses 
raised by Felman. In those letters, the EPA said we were continuing to 
review the other issues and intend to take final action on those issues 
no later than the date we take final action on the PAH testing 
frequency and BLDS issues. The agency also stated in the letters that a 
Federal Register action would be issued initiating the reconsideration 
process for the issues on which the EPA is granting reconsideration, 
which is what we are doing here with publication of this action.
    In addition to the two requirements mentioned previously (i.e., 
regarding PAH testing frequency for furnaces producing FeMn and the use 
of BLDSs to monitor PM emissions from positive pressure baghouses) for 
which the EPA granted reconsideration via letters, after further review 
and consideration, the EPA has also decided to grant reconsideration of 
the requirement to use DCOT in accordance with ASTM D75520-13 to 
demonstrate compliance with shop building opacity standards. However, 
for each of these three requirements, after further analyses, 
evaluation, and consideration, we continue to believe these 
requirements are appropriate. Therefore, in this action, we are not 
proposing any changes to these requirements. Instead, we are providing 
further discussion and explanation as to why we believe it is 
appropriate to maintain these requirements in the rule, providing 
additional technical information to support our decisions, and 
requesting comment on these three requirements for which the EPA is 
granting reconsideration. If a commenter disagrees with our assessment 
of these issues, we encourage the commenter to provide a detailed 
technical explanation as to why they disagree and provide supporting 
information. Furthermore, if a commenter recommends any changes to the 
three rule requirements addressed in this action, we encourage the 
commenter to describe the specific rule changes they recommend and an 
explanation as to why they recommend such changes.

III. Discussion of the Issues Under Reconsideration

A. Quarterly PAH Testing for Furnaces Producing FeMn

    In the 2014 supplemental proposal, which was published in the 
Federal Register on October 6, 2014 (79 FR 60238), the EPA proposed an 
emission limit of 1.4 milligrams per dry standard cubic meter (mg/dscm) 
for PAHs from existing furnaces producing FeMn based on two emissions 
tests (with a total of six runs). The EPA based the limit on the only 
valid PAH data we had for FeMn producing furnaces during the 
development of the supplemental proposed rule. We received an 
additional test report in August 2014 (a few weeks before signature of 
the supplemental proposed rule) that included data from one additional 
emissions test (with three runs). However, we were not able to 
incorporate that additional data into our analyses for the supplemental 
proposal. As we explained in the supplemental proposal, we had not yet 
completed our technical review of those new data and we were not able 
to incorporate those new data into our analyses in time for the 
completion of the supplemental proposal. However, we did seek comments 
on that data.
    After publication of the supplemental proposal, we received 
additional data during the comment period that included one additional 
emissions test for PAHs, with four runs.
    In the development of the final rule, after we completed our 
technical review of all the data, we incorporated the additional data 
into our analyses such that the PAH limit for furnaces producing FeMn 
was based on four emissions tests (with a total of 13 runs). As we 
explained in the final rule preamble, the additional data we received 
just before signature of the supplemental proposal and again during the 
comment period indicated PAH emissions from furnaces producing FeMn 
were much higher than indicated by the data we had prior to August 
2014. For example, the PAH concentrations for furnaces producing FeMn 
in these additional test reports were over 12 times higher than in 
previous test reports submitted by Eramet (as shown in appendix A of 
the Revised MACT Floor Analysis for the Ferroalloys Production Source 
Category document, which is available in the docket).
    To calculate the MACT floor emissions limit for the final rule, we 
incorporated all the data (13 runs) and applied our standard 99 percent 
upper prediction limit (UPL) methodology. Using the UPL methodology 
resulted in a MACT floor emissions limit of 12 mg/dscm, which was 9 
times higher than the MACT floor limit of 1.4 mg/dscm we had proposed 
in 2014.
    With regard to testing frequency, in the 2014 supplemental 
proposal, we proposed that compliance testing for PAHs from furnaces 
producing FeMn be conducted at least once every 5 years. However, as we 
explained in the final rule preamble, due to the large variation in PAH 
emissions from these furnaces during FeMn production, we required 
quarterly compliance testing for PAHs (i.e., at least one PAH 
compliance test every 3 months) for furnaces while producing FeMn in 
the final rule, with an opportunity for facilities to request decreased 
frequency of such compliance testing (e.g., to annual testing) from 
their permitting authority after the first year.
    In their petition, Eramet stated that ``without warning, in the 
final Ferroalloys NESHAP, EPA increased the compliance test frequency 
for PAH emissions from ferroalloys production by 20 times.'' 
Specifically, the petitioner asserted that in the 2014 supplemental 
proposal, the EPA proposed PAH compliance testing every 5 years, which 
the petitioners considered appropriate, and, therefore, they did not 
comment on the provision. For the 2015 final rule, the EPA increased 
the PAH compliance testing frequency to quarterly, which the 
petitioners believe is a surrogate for information collection and not 
an appropriate use of the rulemaking process. The petitioners also 
stated that the increased PAH testing frequency increases compliance 
costs (by about $75,000 for the first year) and increases penalty 
risks.
    After considering the petition from Eramet, the EPA is not 
proposing any changes to the testing frequency in this action.
    However, in consideration of the fact that the public lacked the 
opportunity to comment on the change in testing frequency, the EPA has 
granted reconsideration of this issue to provide an opportunity for 
public comment on the testing frequency. We are proposing no change to 
the quarterly testing for PAH for furnaces producing FeMn due to the 
high variability of the PAH test data and the fact that the new data 
were much higher than the previous data. The inclusion of these data 
increased the MACT emissions limit for PAHs (which was based on the 99 
percent UPL) for furnaces producing FeMn in the 2015 final rule by 
about 9 times compared to the MACT limit proposed in the 2014 
supplemental proposal. In contrast, the PAH concentrations for furnaces 
producing SiMn were only slightly higher than previous test data 
received from the facilities. Furthermore, we believe the quarterly 
testing, along with the collection of process information that a 
facility may choose to collect voluntarily, could provide data that 
would help facilities learn what factors or conditions are

[[Page 45093]]

contributing to the quantity and variation of PAH emissions. For 
example, among other things, we believe the collection and analyses of 
information about the amounts and types of input materials, types of 
electrodes used, electrode consumption rates, furnace temperature, and 
other furnace, process, or product information may help facilities 
understand what factors are associated with the higher emissions and 
could provide insight regarding how to limit these emissions. 
Furthermore, as we described in the preamble of the final rule (80 FR 
37383), if a facility decides to apply for decreased frequency of 
compliance testing from their permit authority, this type of 
information (described previously) could be helpful input for such an 
application.
    In addition, we believe initial quarterly PAH compliance testing 
will help ensure that the public is not exposed to high concentrations 
of PAH due to emissions from these facilities. By retaining frequent 
testing with the ability to reduce the frequency of testing with 
compliant results, the rule ensures adequate protection of the public 
while providing an additional incentive for the source to promptly 
achieve compliance with the new MACT emission limit.
    While we are not proposing any changes to the testing frequency for 
PAHs from FeMn furnaces, we seek comment on whether the goals of 
gaining a further understanding of factors influencing emissions, 
incentivizing prompt compliance, and ensuring minimizing public 
exposures to PAH emissions can be achieved with a slightly different 
testing frequency such as semiannual testing for 2 years with an 
opportunity to reduce frequency thereafter to annual testing.

B. DCOT Opacity Compliance Demonstration

    In the 2014 supplemental proposal), we proposed that facilities 
would need to take opacity readings for an entire furnace cycle once 
per week per furnace using Method 9 or DCOT to demonstrate compliance 
with the opacity limits. However, in the supplemental proposal, we also 
said we were seeking comments on the feasibility and practice 
associated with the use of automated opacity monitoring with ASTM 
D7520-13, using DCOT to assess the opacity of visible emissions from 
roof vents associated with the processes at each facility, and how this 
technology could potentially be included as part of the requirements in 
the NESHAP for ferroalloys production sources.
    In the final rule, we explained that after considering public 
comments, we decided to require DCOT, rather than allow its use as an 
option, and maintained the same frequency as proposed for Method 9, at 
least for the first 26 weeks. Therefore, the final rule includes a 
requirement to conduct opacity observations using the DCOT at least 
once per week for a full furnace cycle for each operating furnace and 
each MOR operation for at least the first 26 weeks. After 26 weeks, if 
all tests are compliant, the final rule allows facilities to decrease 
to monthly opacity observations.
    In their reconsideration petitions, the petitioners stated the EPA 
solicited comment on the use of DCOT for determining opacity from the 
shop building in the 2014 supplemental proposal, but did not propose to 
require DCOT in accordance with ASTM D7520-13 as the sole method of 
demonstrating compliance with the opacity standard. In their 
supplemental proposal comments (see EPA-HQ-OAR-2010-0895-0269 and -
0272), the petitioners stated that the EPA had provided insufficient 
description of what might be required to employ DCOT on the shop 
buildings, and argued that DCOT was an unproven substitute for EPA 
Method 9 measurements. They also commented that the open roof monitors 
in the shop building create variability in plume location and 
orientation, which they believed would make DCOT infeasible or too 
costly.
    In their reconsideration petitions, the petitioners claimed that 
the referenced ASTM method expressly applies to stack openings of 7 
feet in diameter or less, whereas the shop building open roof monitors 
at the facilities stretch along the top of the roofline and are 
hundreds of feet long. They also noted that only one vendor provides 
DCOT and that the vendor would be free to charge the facilities 
whatever prices they want.
    After considering the petitions from Eramet and Felman, and after 
gathering, reviewing, and evaluating additional information, the EPA is 
not proposing any changes to the requirements for demonstrating 
compliance with the opacity limits. The EPA continues to believe it is 
appropriate to require ferroalloys production facilities to conduct 
opacity observations using the DCOT at least once per week for a full 
furnace cycle for each operating furnace and each MOR operation for at 
least the first 26 weeks. However, we are seeking comments on this DCOT 
monitoring requirement and the additional information and analyses 
which are described in the following paragraphs.
    First, we have gathered and reviewed additional information that 
shows that opacity readings using DCOT are statistically equivalent to 
EPA Method 9 opacity readings, including several studies from 
government agencies and other organizations,1 2 which 
compare Method 9 to DCOT. Each of these studies determined that DCOT is 
statistically equivalent to EPA Method 9 when measuring nonzero visible 
emissions. We have also reviewed the results of Method 301 evaluations 
where DCOT was used to measure opacity of emissions from stacks greater 
than 7 feet in diameter and exiting along rooflines (see the 
Statistical Comparison of ASTM D7520 to EPA Reference Method 9 on 
Opacity from Stacks with Diameters Over 7 Feet, by Hicks, S., et. al., 
August 28, 2015, which is available in the docket for this action). 
These Method 301 studies showed no statistical difference between the 
opacity measured using DCOT and EPA Method 9, regardless of the stack 
diameter. In addition, we have learned that ASTM International is 
currently revising the DCOT test method (ASTM D7520-13) to remove the 
provision limiting application to stacks with diameters of 7 feet or 
less. While DCOT has a record of accuracy comparable to Method 9, it 
also offers the distinct advantage of generating a permanent record of 
the observation. This will be advantageous to the facility, oversight 
authorities, and affected third parties (such as the community) if 
there is a dispute about the facility's emissions. Opacity measurement 
using DCOT offers measurements that are statistically as accurate as 
Method 9, creates a permanent record of opacity measurements, and 
presents a scientifically defensible approach for opacity 
determination.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Air Force Research Laboratory, An Alternative To EPA Method 
9--Field Validation Of The Digital Opacity Compliance System (DOCS): 
Results From The One-Year Regulatory Study, August 2005. AFRL-ML-TY-
TR-2006-4515.
    \2\ Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Digital Camera 
Opacity Technique: Field Test Evaluation Report, Technical Update, 
June 2014. 1023954.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Regarding the comment that there is only one vendor, we believe 
there will be an increase use of DCOT in the future and an increased 
market and therefore other vendors will begin offering these services. 
We believe that once other vendors learn that EPA is starting to 
require DCOT in various rules and other actions, that other vendors 
will become available, which will likely keep prices approximately the 
same, or possibly lower. We are not aware of any evidence

[[Page 45094]]

that the vendor has raised, or will raise, its prices due to the 
Ferroalloys Production final rule.

C. BLDS on Positive Pressure Baghouses

    In the 2014 supplemental proposal, we proposed that furnace 
baghouses would be required to be equipped with BLDS. In response to 
the supplemental proposal, Felman commented that the existing positive 
pressure baghouses and the baghouse monitoring system at the Felman 
site constrain the kinds of monitoring and monitoring systems that 
Felman can use, and that BLDS had never been demonstrated on a 
positive-pressure baghouse. Felman requested that the EPA not require 
BLDS on their baghouses because they claimed this would effectively 
require Felman to replace its existing control system with a negative-
pressure baghouse simply to meet the baghouse monitoring requirement. 
In response to this comment, we explained that the EPA has knowledge of 
BLDS being used on positive pressure baghouse systems, including those 
baghouses with large area roof emissions points. A change to a negative 
pressure baghouse would not be necessary. Manufacturers of BLDSs 
provide information on how best to deploy their instruments on the 
outlet of a positive pressure baghouse.
    In their petition, Felman asserted that the EPA did not provide any 
information regarding the use of BLDS on positive pressure baghouses. 
The commenter stated that in the Response to Comment document,\3\ the 
EPA claimed that they had knowledge of BLDS being used on positive 
pressure baghouses and that the facility should check with 
manufacturers of BLDS for how best to comply. However, the petitioner 
stated that this knowledge is not included in the record, and the most 
current published EPA technical guidance on this topic stated that BLDS 
is not appropriate for positive pressure baghouses. In addition, the 
petitioner claimed the EPA had not evaluated the costs associated with 
this application and estimated the cost to be comparable with BLDS for 
negative pressure baghouses. The petitioner also noted that the EPA's 
supplemental proposal did not require continuous baghouse monitoring 
for baghouses used to control fugitive emissions. However, the 
petitioner stated that the baghouses used to control fugitive emissions 
at their facility also control emissions from the furnace.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \3\ See EPA-HQ-OAR-2010-0895-0302.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    After considering the petition from Felman, and after gathering, 
reviewing, and evaluating additional information, the EPA is not 
proposing any changes to the requirement in the rule that baghouses be 
equipped with BLDS. The EPA continues to believe it is appropriate to 
require BLDS to monitor PM emissions from all furnace baghouses. 
However, we are seeking comments on this BLDS requirement and on the 
additional information we are adding to the record, as described in the 
following paragraph.
    We are providing additional supporting information on the use of 
BLDSs on positive pressure baghouses to the record. This includes 
technical articles 4 5 on the installation and operation of 
BLDS on positive pressure baghouses, and correspondence with 
manufacturers and installers with experience installing BLDS on 
positive pressure baghouses (see the Positive Pressure Baghouse Bag 
Leak Detection Information Memorandum which is available in the docket 
for this action). In addition, we have corresponded with facilities 
that have installed and operated BLDS on their positive pressure 
baghouses (see the Positive Pressure Baghouse Bag Leak Detection 
Information Memorandum which is available in the docket for this 
action). Based on this information, we have found no technical or 
economic basis for removing the BLDS requirement from the final rule. 
The monitoring requirement for furnace baghouses is intended to ensure 
continuous compliance with the PM standards in the final rule, which 
are surrogate standards for metal HAP emitted from the furnaces.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \4\ Iron and Steel Technology, Practical Application of Broken 
Bag Detector Technology for Compliance and Maintenance: Under the 
Steelmaking Electric Arc Furnace New Source Performance Standards 
and the Iron and Foundry NESHAP, April 2005.
    \5\ Babcock & Wilcox, Fabric Filter Leak Detector Setup and Use, 
August 2014. Technical Paper BR-1920.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As mentioned previously, we are seeking comments on the BLDS 
requirement along with data and other information to support such 
comments. If a commenter disagrees with our assessment regarding 
feasibility of BLDS on specific types of baghouses, we encourage such 
commenters to provide a detailed technical explanation and information 
to support such comments. Furthermore, in this case, we would also 
request the commenter to provide detailed suggestions as to what 
alternative monitoring actions could be implemented (instead of BLDS) 
to ensure continuous compliance with the PM standards.

IV. Impacts of This Action

A. Economic Impacts

    The EPA does not expect any significant economic impacts as a 
result of this rule reconsideration. The rule provisions that are being 
reconsidered in this action were already included in the Economic 
Impact Analysis for the final rule. Changes to the final rule as a 
result of this reconsideration, if any, would likely result in lower 
economic costs and impacts rather than higher costs and impacts.

B. Environmental Impacts

    The EPA does not expect any significant environmental impacts as a 
result of the reconsideration of the three rule provisions identified 
in this action, especially since the EPA is not proposing any changes 
to these provisions. The issues being reconsidered are monitoring and 
compliance testing issues and, therefore, should not have any effect on 
the estimated emissions or emission reductions from what we estimated 
in the final rule.

V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    Additional information about these statutes and Executive Orders 
can be found at http://www2.epa.gov/laws-regulations/laws-and-executive-orders.

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review, and Executive 
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review

    This action is not a significant regulatory action and was, 
therefore, not submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 
for review.

B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)

    This action does not impose any new information collection burden 
under the PRA. OMB has previously approved the information collection 
activities contained in the existing regulations and has assigned OMB 
control number 2060-0676. This proposal document provides 
reconsideration of three issues raised by petitioners on the final 
rule, but does not make revisions to the requirements in the final 
rule. Therefore, this action does not change the information collection 
requirements previously finalized and, as a result, does not impose any 
additional burden on industry.

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)

    I certify that this action will not have a significant economic 
impact on a substantial number of small entities under the RFA. This 
action will not

[[Page 45095]]

impose any requirements on small entities. The agency has determined 
that neither of the companies affected by this proposed reconsideration 
document is considered to be a small entity.

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)

    This action does not contain an unfunded mandate of $100 million or 
more as described in UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531-1538, and does not 
significantly or uniquely affect small governments. The action imposes 
no enforceable duty on any state, local, or tribal governments or the 
private sector.

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

    This action does not have federalism implications. It will not have 
substantial direct effects on the states, on the relationship between 
the national government and the states, or on the distribution of power 
and responsibilities among the various levels of government.

F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian 
Tribal Governments

    This action does not have tribal implications as specified in 
Executive Order 13175. There are no ferroalloys production facilities 
that are owned or operated by tribal governments. Thus, Executive Order 
13175 does not apply to this action.

G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental 
Health Risks and Safety Risks

    This action is not subject to Executive Order 13045 because it is 
not economically significant as defined in Executive Order 12866, and 
because the EPA does not believe the environmental health or safety 
risks addressed by this action present a disproportionate risk to 
children. The health risk assessments completed for the final rule are 
presented in the Residual Risk Assessment for the Ferroalloys Source 
Category in Support of the 2015 Final Rule document, which is available 
in the docket for this action (EPA-HQ-OAR-2010-0895-0281), and are 
discussed in section V.G of the preamble for the final rule (80 FR 
37366).

H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use

    This action is not subject to Executive Order 13211 because it is 
not a significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866.

I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA)

    This action involves technical standards. In the final rule for 
this source category, the EPA decided to use ASTM D7520-13, Standard 
Test Method for Determining the Opacity in a Plume in an Outdoor 
Ambient Atmosphere, for measuring opacity from the shop buildings. This 
standard is an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 9 and is available 
from the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM), 100 Barr 
Harbor Drive, Post Office Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. 
See http://www.astm.org/. For this proposed reconsideration action, the 
EPA has agreed to reconsider the use of ASTM D7520-13 as the only 
method to be used to measure opacity from the shop buildings.

J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental 
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations

    The EPA believes that this action does not have disproportionately 
high and adverse human health or environmental effects on minority 
populations, low-income populations, and/or indigenous peoples, as 
specified in Executive Order 12898 (59FR 7629, February 16, 1994) 
because it does not affect the level of protection provided to human 
health or the environment. This action only includes reconsideration of 
certain issues of the final rule that will not affect the emission 
standards that were finalized on June 30, 2015.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 63

    Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedures, 
Air pollution control, Hazardous substances, Intergovernmental 
relations, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

    Dated: June 30, 2016.
Gina McCarthy,
Administrator.
[FR Doc. 2016-16450 Filed 7-11-16; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 6560-50-P



                                                                             Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 133 / Tuesday, July 12, 2016 / Proposed Rules                                           45089

                                                    will require little time to submit.                      published elsewhere in this issue of the              hunt.virginia@epa.gov to verify that a
                                                    Moreover, the burden on small                            Federal Register].                                    hearing will be held. If the EPA holds
                                                    organizations is further minimized                                                                             a public hearing, the EPA will keep the
                                                                                                             John Dalrymple,
                                                    because the information is only required                                                                       record of the hearing open for 30 days
                                                    to be submitted once.                                    Deputy Commissioner for Services and                  after completion of the hearing to
                                                                                                             Enforcement.
                                                      For these reasons, a Regulatory                                                                              provide an opportunity for submission
                                                                                                             [FR Doc. 2016–16337 Filed 7–8–16; 11:15 am]
                                                    Flexibility Analysis under the                                                                                 of rebuttal and supplementary
                                                                                                             BILLING CODE 4830–01–P                                information.
                                                    Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C.
                                                    chapter 6) is not required. Pursuant to                                                                        ADDRESSES: Submit your comments,
                                                    section 7805(f) of the Code, these                                                                             identified by Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–
                                                    regulations have been submitted to the                   ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION                              OAR–2010–0895, at http://
                                                    Chief Counsel for Advocacy of the Small                  AGENCY                                                www.regulations.gov. Follow the online
                                                    Business Administration for comment                                                                            instructions for submitting comments.
                                                                                                             40 CFR Part 63
                                                    on its impact on small business.                                                                               Once submitted, comments cannot be
                                                    Comments and Requests for Public                         [EPA–HQ–OAR–2010–0895; FRL–9948–86–                   edited or removed from Regulations.gov.
                                                                                                             OAR]                                                  The EPA may publish any comment
                                                    Hearing
                                                                                                             RIN 2060–AS90                                         received to its public docket. Do not
                                                      Before these proposed regulations are                                                                        submit electronically any information
                                                    adopted as final regulations,                            National Emission Standards for                       you consider to be confidential business
                                                    consideration will be given to any                       Hazardous Air Pollutants: Ferroalloys                 information (CBI) or other information
                                                    comments that are submitted timely to                    Production                                            whose disclosure is restricted by statute.
                                                    the IRS as prescribed in this preamble                                                                         Multimedia submissions (audio, video,
                                                    under the ADDRESSES heading. The                         AGENCY:  Environmental Protection                     etc.) must be accompanied by a written
                                                    Treasury Department and the IRS                          Agency (EPA).                                         comment. The written comment is
                                                    request comments on all aspects of the                   ACTION: Reconsideration; proposed rule.               considered the official comment and
                                                    proposed rules. All comments will be                                                                           should include discussion of all points
                                                    available at www.regulations.gov or                      SUMMARY:    On June 30, 2015, the                     you wish to make. The EPA will
                                                    upon request.                                            Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)                 generally not consider comments or
                                                      A public hearing will be scheduled if                  published the residual risk and                       comment contents located outside of the
                                                    requested in writing by any person that                  technology review (RTR) final rule,                   primary submission (i.e., on the Web,
                                                    timely submits written comments. If a                    establishing national emission standards              cloud, or other file sharing system). For
                                                    public hearing is scheduled, notice of                   for hazardous air pollutants (NESHAP)                 additional submission methods, the full
                                                    the date, time, and place for the public                 for the Ferroalloys Production source                 EPA public comment policy information
                                                    hearing will be published in the Federal                 category. Subsequently, the EPA                       about CBI, or multimedia submissions,
                                                    Register.                                                received two petitions for                            and general guidance on making
                                                                                                             reconsideration of certain aspects of the             effective comments, please visit http://
                                                    Drafting Information                                     final rule. The EPA is announcing                     www2.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-
                                                      The principal author of these                          reconsideration of and requesting public              epa-dockets.
                                                    regulations is Chelsea R. Rubin, Office                  comment on three issues raised in the                    Instructions. Direct your comments to
                                                    of Associate Chief Counsel (Tax Exempt                   petitions for reconsideration, as detailed            Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2010–
                                                    and Government Entities). However,                       in the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION                      0895. The EPA’s policy is that all
                                                    other personnel from the Treasury                        section of this action. The three issues              comments received will be included in
                                                    Department and the IRS participated in                   the EPA is reconsidering and seeking                  the public docket without change and
                                                    their development.                                       public comment on are the following:                  may be made available online at http://
                                                                                                             the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons                  www.regulations.gov, including any
                                                    List of Subjects in 26 CFR Part 1                        (PAH) compliance testing frequency for                personal information provided, unless
                                                                                                             furnaces that produce ferromanganese                  the comment includes information
                                                      Income taxes, Reporting and
                                                                                                             (FeMn); the use of the digital camera                 claimed to be CBI or other information
                                                    recordkeeping requirements.
                                                                                                             opacity technique (DCOT) for                          whose disclosure is restricted by statute.
                                                    Proposed Amendments to the                               determining compliance with the shop                  Do not submit information that you
                                                    Regulations                                              building opacity standards; and the use               consider to be CBI or otherwise
                                                                                                             of bag leak detection systems (BLDS) on               protected through http://
                                                      Accordingly, 26 CFR part 1 is
                                                                                                             positive pressure baghouses. The EPA is               www.regulations.gov or email. The
                                                    proposed to be amended as follows:
                                                                                                             seeking comment only on these three                   http://www.regulations.gov Web site is
                                                    PART 1—INCOME TAXES                                      issues and will not respond to                        an ‘‘anonymous access’’ system, which
                                                                                                             comments addressing other issues or                   means the EPA will not know your
                                                      Paragraph 1. The authority citation                    other provisions of the final rule. The
                                                    for part 1 continues to read in part as                                                                        identity or contact information unless
                                                                                                             EPA is not proposing any changes to the               you provide it in the body of your
                                                    follows:                                                 NESHAP in this document.                              comment. If you submit an electronic
                                                       Authority: 26 U.S.C. 7805 * * *                       DATES: Comments. Comments must be                     comment through http://
mstockstill on DSK3G9T082PROD with PROPOSALS




                                                      Par. 2. Section 1.506–1 is added to                    received on or before August 26, 2016.                www.regulations.gov, the EPA
                                                    read as follows:                                            Public Hearing. If anyone contacts us              recommends that you include your
                                                                                                             requesting to speak at a public hearing               name and other contact information in
                                                    § 1.506–1 Organizations required to notify               by July 18, 2016, a public hearing will               the body of your comment and with any
                                                    Commissioner of intent to operate under                  be held on July 27, 2016. If you are                  disk or CD–ROM you submit. If the EPA
                                                    section 501(c)(4).                                       interested in attending the public                    cannot read your comment due to
                                                      [The text of proposed § 1.506–1 is the                 hearing, contact Ms. Virginia Hunt at                 technical difficulties and cannot contact
                                                    same as the text for § 1.506–1T                          (919) 541–0832 or by email at                         you for clarification, the EPA may not


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                                                    45090                    Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 133 / Tuesday, July 12, 2016 / Proposed Rules

                                                    be able to consider your comment. If                     make every effort to accommodate all                  Agency, EPA WJC South Building, 1200
                                                    you send an email comment directly to                    speakers who arrive and register.                     Pennsylvania Ave. NW., Washington,
                                                    the EPA without going through http://                    Because this hearing is held at a U.S.                DC 20460; telephone number: (202)
                                                    www.regulations.gov, your email                          government facility, individuals                      564–8661; and email address:
                                                    address will be automatically captured                   planning to attend the hearing should be              secrest.cary@epa.gov.
                                                    and included as part of the comment                      prepared to show valid picture                        SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
                                                    that is placed in the public docket and                  identification to the security staff in                  Organization of this Document. The
                                                    made available on the Internet.                          order to gain access to the meeting                   information presented in this preamble
                                                    Electronic files should avoid the use of                 room. Please note that the REAL ID Act,               is organized as follows:
                                                    special characters, any form of                          passed by Congress in 2005, established               I. General Information
                                                    encryption, and be free of any defects or                new requirements for entering Federal                    A. Does this action apply to me?
                                                    viruses.                                                 facilities. If your driver’s license is                  B. What action is the agency taking?
                                                       Docket. The EPA has established a                     issued by Alaska, American Samoa,                        C. What is the agency’s authority for taking
                                                    docket for this rulemaking under Docket                  Arizona, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine,                        this action?
                                                    ID No. EPA–HQ–OAR–2010–0895. All                         Massachusetts, Minnesota, Montana,                       D. What are the incremental cost impacts
                                                    documents in the docket are listed in                    New York, Oklahoma, or the state of                         of this action?
                                                    the http://www.regulations.gov index.                                                                          II. Background
                                                                                                             Washington, you must present an                       III. Discussion of the Issues Under
                                                    Although listed in the index, some                       additional form of identification to enter                  Reconsideration
                                                    information is not publicly available,                   the federal building. Acceptable                         A. Quarterly PAH Testing for Furnaces
                                                    e.g., CBI or other information whose                     alternative forms of identification                         Producing FeMn
                                                    disclosure is restricted by statute.                     include: Federal employee badges,                        B. DCOT Opacity Compliance
                                                    Certain other material, such as                          passports, enhanced driver’s licenses,                      Demonstration
                                                    copyrighted material, is not placed on                   and military identification cards. In                    C. BLDS on Positive Pressure Baghouses
                                                    the Internet and will be publicly                        addition, you will need to obtain a                   IV. Impacts of This Action
                                                    available only in hard copy. Publicly                                                                             A. Economic Impacts
                                                                                                             property pass for any personal
                                                    available docket materials are available                                                                          B. Environmental Impacts
                                                                                                             belongings you bring with you. Upon                   V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
                                                    either electronically in http://                         leaving the building, you will be                        A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory
                                                    www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at                   required to return this property pass to                    Planning and Review, and Executive
                                                    the EPA Docket Center, EPA WJC West                      the security desk. No large signs will be                   Order 13563: Improving Regulation and
                                                    Building, Room Number 3334, 1301                         allowed in the building, cameras may                        Regulatory Review
                                                    Constitution Avenue NW., Washington,                     only be used outside of the building,                    B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
                                                    DC. The Public Reading Room is open                      and demonstrations will not be allowed                   C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
                                                    from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday                      on federal property for security reasons.                D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act
                                                    through Friday, excluding legal                                                                                      (UMRA)
                                                                                                             The EPA may ask clarifying questions                     E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
                                                    holidays. The telephone number for the                   during the oral presentations, but will
                                                    Public Reading Room is (202) 566–1744,                                                                            F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation
                                                                                                             not respond to the presentations at that                    and Coordination With Indian Tribal
                                                    and the telephone number for the EPA                     time. Written statements and supporting                     Governments
                                                    Docket Center is (202) 566–1742.                         information submitted during the                         G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of
                                                       Public Hearing. If requested by July                                                                              Children From Environmental Health
                                                                                                             comment period will be considered
                                                    18, 2016, we will hold a public hearing                                                                              Risks and Safety Risks
                                                                                                             with the same weight as oral comments
                                                    on July 27, 2016, from 10:00 a.m.                                                                                 H. Executive Order 13211: Actions
                                                                                                             and supporting information presented at
                                                    [Eastern Standard Time] to 5:00 p.m.                                                                                 Concerning Regulations That
                                                    [Eastern Standard Time] at the U.S.                      the public hearing. Verbatim transcripts                    Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
                                                    Environmental Protection Agency                          of the hearing and written statements                       Distribution, or Use
                                                    building located at 109 T.W. Alexander                   will be included in the docket for the                   I. National Technology Transfer and
                                                    Drive, Research Park, NC 27711. Please                   rulemaking. The EPA will make every                         Advancement Act (NTTAA)
                                                    contact Virginia Hunt of the Sector                      effort to follow the schedule as closely                 J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions
                                                                                                             as possible on the day of the hearing;                      To Address Environmental Justice in
                                                    Policies and Programs Division via                                                                                   Minority Populations and Low-Income
                                                    email at hunt.virginia@epa.gov or phone                  however, please plan for the hearing to
                                                                                                             run either ahead of schedule or behind                      Populations
                                                    at (919) 541–0832 to request a hearing,
                                                    register to speak at the hearing, or to                  schedule. Again, a hearing will not be                I. General Information
                                                    inquire as to whether or not a hearing                   held on this rulemaking unless
                                                                                                             requested. A hearing needs to be                      A. Does this action apply to me?
                                                    will be held. The last day to pre-register
                                                    in advance to speak at the hearing will                  requested by July 18, 2016.                              Categories and entities potentially
                                                    be July 25, 2016. Additionally, requests                 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For                  affected by this action are shown in
                                                    to speak will be taken the day of the                    questions about this action, contact Phil             Table 1 of this preamble.
                                                    hearing at the hearing registration desk,                Mulrine, Sector Policies and Programs
                                                    although preferences on speaking times                   Division (D243–02), Office of Air                       TABLE 1—NESHAP AND INDUSTRIAL
                                                    may not be able to be fulfilled. If you                  Quality Planning and Standards, U.S.                     SOURCE CATEGORIES AFFECTED BY
                                                    require the service of a translator or                   Environmental Protection Agency,                         THIS PROPOSED ACTION
                                                    special accommodations such as audio                     Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
mstockstill on DSK3G9T082PROD with PROPOSALS




                                                    description, we ask that you pre-register                27711; telephone number: (919) 541–                       NESHAP and source                NAICS 1 Code
                                                    for the hearing, as we may not be able                   5289; fax number: (919) 541–3207; and                         category
                                                    to arrange such accommodations                           email address: mulrine.phil@epa.gov.                  Ferroalloys Production ..........       331112
                                                    without advance notice. The hearing                      For information about the applicability
                                                                                                                                                                     1 North   American      Industry    Classification
                                                    will provide interested parties the                      of the NESHAP to a particular entity,
                                                    opportunity to present data, views, or                   contact Cary Secrest, Office of                       System.
                                                    arguments concerning the proposed rule                   Enforcement and Compliance Assurance                  This table is not intended to be
                                                    reconsideration action. The EPA will                     (2242A), U.S. Environmental Protection                exhaustive, but rather provides a guide


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                                                                             Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 133 / Tuesday, July 12, 2016 / Proposed Rules                              45091

                                                    for readers regarding entities likely to be              as amended (42 U.S.C. 7412 and               • Emission limits for four previously
                                                    regulated by this action. This table lists               7607(d)(7)(B)).                           unregulated hazardous air pollutants
                                                    the types of entities that the EPA is now                                                          (HAP): Formaldehyde, hydrogen
                                                                                                             D. What are the incremental cost
                                                    aware could potentially be regulated by                                                            chloride, mercury, and PAH;
                                                                                                             impacts of this action?                      • Requirements to capture process
                                                    this action. Other types of entities not
                                                    listed in the table could also be                           There are no changes to the estimated fugitive emissions using effective,
                                                    regulated. To determine whether your                     incremental cost impacts that were        enhanced local capture, and duct the
                                                    entity may be affected by this action,                   presented in the Ferroalloys Production captured emissions to control devices;
                                                    you should carefully examine the                         RTR final rule published in the Federal      • An average opacity limit of 8
                                                    applicability criteria found in 40 CFR                   Register on June 30, 2015, (80 FR 37366) percent during a full furnace cycle, and
                                                    63.1620 of Title 40 of the Code of                       in this action. These incremental         a maximum opacity limit of 20 percent
                                                    Federal Regulations. If you have                         impacts were described in detail in the   for the average of any two consecutive
                                                    questions regarding the applicability of                 Final Cost Impacts of Control Options     6-minute periods, to ensure effective
                                                    this action to a particular entity, consult              Considered for the Ferroalloys            capture and control of process fugitive
                                                    the person listed in the FOR FURTHER                     Production NESHAP to Address Fugitive emissions;
                                                    INFORMATION CONTACT section.                             HAP Emissions (see EPA–HQ–OAR–               • A requirement to conduct opacity
                                                                                                             2010–0895–0301) and the Economic          observations using the DCOT at least
                                                    B. What action is the agency taking?                     Impact Analysis (EIA) for the             once per week for a full furnace cycle
                                                       In this action, in response to petitions              Manganese Ferroalloys RTR Final           for each operating furnace and each
                                                    for reconsideration from Eramet                          Report (see EPA–HQ–OAR–2010–0895– MOR operation for at least 26 weeks.
                                                    Marietta Inc. (Eramet) and Felman                        0290).                                    After 26 weeks, if all tests are
                                                    Production LLC (Felman), the EPA is                                                                compliant, facilities can decrease to
                                                                                                             II. Background
                                                    granting reconsideration of and                                                                    monthly opacity observations;
                                                    requesting comment on the following                         Section 112 of the Clean Air Act          • A requirement to use BLDS to
                                                    three provisions of the final rule: (1) The              (CAA) establishes a two-stage regulatory monitor PM emissions from all furnace
                                                    requirement to conduct PAH                               process to address emissions of           baghouses; and
                                                    performance testing every 3 months for                   hazardous air pollutants (HAP) from          • A requirement to conduct periodic
                                                    furnaces producing FeMn for the first                    stationary major sources. In the first    performance testing to demonstrate
                                                    year with the opportunity to reduce to                   stage, sections 112(d)(2) and (3) require compliance with the stack emission
                                                    annual testing after the first year; (2) the             EPA to promulgate national technology- limits for the various HAP, including a
                                                    requirement to demonstrate compliance                    based emission standards for these        requirement to conduct PAH
                                                    with the shop building opacity                           sources based on maximum achievable       performance testing every 3 months for
                                                    standards using DCOT in accordance                       control technology (MACT). These          furnaces producing FeMn for the first
                                                    with American Society for Testing and                    standards are commonly called MACT        year with the opportunity to reduce to
                                                    Materials (ASTM) D7520–13; and (3) the                   standards. The EPA finalized the MACT annual testing after the first year.
                                                    requirement to monitor positive                          standards for Ferroalloys Production on      Following promulgation of the final
                                                    pressure baghouse emissions using                        May 20, 1999 (64 FR 27450). In the        rule, the EPA received two petitions for
                                                    BLDS. As described in detail in Section                  second stage, section 112(f) of the CAA   reconsideration of several provisions of
                                                    II of this preamble, one or both of the                  requires EPA to assess the risks to       the NESHAP pursuant to CAA section
                                                    petitioners requested EPA reconsider                     human health remaining after              307(d)(7)(B). The EPA received a
                                                    these three provisions.                                  implementation of the MACT standards. petition dated August 25, 2015, from
                                                       This action is limited to the specific                In addition, section 112(d)(6) of the     Eramet, and a petition dated August 28,
                                                    three provisions identified previously.                  CAA requires EPA to review and revise     2015, from Felman. In the petition
                                                    Another issue raised by Eramet in their                  these MACT standards, as necessary,       submitted by Eramet, the company
                                                    petition concerned the method we used                    taking into account developments in       requested that the EPA reconsider the
                                                    to calculate the PAH emission limits.                    practices, processes, and control         following provisions: (1) The
                                                    The EPA is deferring any decisions                       technologies since EPA promulgated the requirement to conduct PAH
                                                    regarding whether to grant or deny                       original standards. The CAA requires      performance testing every 3 months for
                                                    reconsideration of this issue, and we are                EPA to conduct these reviews within 8     furnaces producing FeMn; (2) the
                                                    not reopening comment at this time on                    years of the publication of the final     requirement to demonstrate compliance
                                                    this issue. We will determine whether to                 MACT standards. The EPA typically         weekly with shop building opacity
                                                    grant or deny reconsideration of the                     conducts the two reviews, commonly        limits using the DCOT in accordance
                                                    PAH emission calculation issue no later                  referred to as the risk and technology    with ASTM D7520–13; and (3) the PAH
                                                    than when we take final action on the                    reviews (RTRs), concurrently, as we did emission limits for existing furnaces
                                                    three provisions we are reopening in                     with the Ferroalloys Production source    producing FeMn and silicomanganese
                                                    this action.                                             category. The EPA completed the RTR       (SiMn). In addition, the company
                                                       We will not respond to any comments                   for the Ferroalloys Production in 2015    requested a stay of 90 days from the
                                                    addressing any other provisions not                      and published a final RTR rule for the    effective date of the final amendments
                                                    being reconsidered in the final                          Ferroalloys Production source category    pending completion of the
                                                    Ferroalloys Production NESHAP.                           in the Federal Register on June 30, 2015 reconsideration proceeding. In the
                                                    Furthermore, the EPA is not proposing                    (80 FR 37366), which included, among      petition submitted by Felman, the
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                                                    any changes to the NESHAP in this                        other things, the following:              company stated that they support and
                                                    action.                                                     • Revisions to the emission limits for adopt the petition submitted by Eramet
                                                                                                             particulate matter (PM) from stacks for   and requested reconsideration of the
                                                    C. What is the agency’s authority for                    the electric arc furnaces (EAF), metal    requirement to use BLDS to monitor
                                                    taking this action?                                      oxygen refining (MOR) processes, and      emissions from positive pressure
                                                       The statutory authority for this action               crushing and screening operations, to     baghouses. Copies of the petitions are
                                                    is provided by sections 112 and                          minimize PM emissions from these          provided in the docket (see EPA–HQ–
                                                    307(d)(7)(B) of the Clean Air Act (CAA)                  units;                                    OAR–2010–0895).


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                                                    45092                    Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 133 / Tuesday, July 12, 2016 / Proposed Rules

                                                       On November 5, 2015, the EPA sent                     60238), the EPA proposed an emission                  PAHs from furnaces producing FeMn be
                                                    letters to the petitioners granting                      limit of 1.4 milligrams per dry standard              conducted at least once every 5 years.
                                                    reconsideration of the PAH compliance                    cubic meter (mg/dscm) for PAHs from                   However, as we explained in the final
                                                    testing frequency issue raised by Eramet                 existing furnaces producing FeMn based                rule preamble, due to the large variation
                                                    and the use of BLDS on positive                          on two emissions tests (with a total of               in PAH emissions from these furnaces
                                                    pressure baghouses raised by Felman. In                  six runs). The EPA based the limit on                 during FeMn production, we required
                                                    those letters, the EPA said we were                      the only valid PAH data we had for                    quarterly compliance testing for PAHs
                                                    continuing to review the other issues                    FeMn producing furnaces during the                    (i.e., at least one PAH compliance test
                                                    and intend to take final action on those                 development of the supplemental                       every 3 months) for furnaces while
                                                    issues no later than the date we take                    proposed rule. We received an                         producing FeMn in the final rule, with
                                                    final action on the PAH testing                          additional test report in August 2014 (a              an opportunity for facilities to request
                                                    frequency and BLDS issues. The agency                    few weeks before signature of the                     decreased frequency of such compliance
                                                    also stated in the letters that a Federal                supplemental proposed rule) that                      testing (e.g., to annual testing) from their
                                                    Register action would be issued                          included data from one additional                     permitting authority after the first year.
                                                    initiating the reconsideration process for               emissions test (with three runs).                        In their petition, Eramet stated that
                                                    the issues on which the EPA is granting                  However, we were not able to                          ‘‘without warning, in the final
                                                    reconsideration, which is what we are                    incorporate that additional data into our             Ferroalloys NESHAP, EPA increased the
                                                    doing here with publication of this                      analyses for the supplemental proposal.               compliance test frequency for PAH
                                                    action.                                                  As we explained in the supplemental                   emissions from ferroalloys production
                                                       In addition to the two requirements                   proposal, we had not yet completed our                by 20 times.’’ Specifically, the petitioner
                                                    mentioned previously (i.e., regarding                    technical review of those new data and                asserted that in the 2014 supplemental
                                                    PAH testing frequency for furnaces                       we were not able to incorporate those                 proposal, the EPA proposed PAH
                                                    producing FeMn and the use of BLDSs                      new data into our analyses in time for                compliance testing every 5 years, which
                                                    to monitor PM emissions from positive                    the completion of the supplemental                    the petitioners considered appropriate,
                                                    pressure baghouses) for which the EPA                    proposal. However, we did seek                        and, therefore, they did not comment on
                                                    granted reconsideration via letters, after               comments on that data.                                the provision. For the 2015 final rule,
                                                    further review and consideration, the                       After publication of the supplemental              the EPA increased the PAH compliance
                                                    EPA has also decided to grant                            proposal, we received additional data                 testing frequency to quarterly, which the
                                                    reconsideration of the requirement to                    during the comment period that                        petitioners believe is a surrogate for
                                                    use DCOT in accordance with ASTM                         included one additional emissions test                information collection and not an
                                                    D75520–13 to demonstrate compliance                      for PAHs, with four runs.                             appropriate use of the rulemaking
                                                    with shop building opacity standards.                       In the development of the final rule,              process. The petitioners also stated that
                                                    However, for each of these three                         after we completed our technical review               the increased PAH testing frequency
                                                    requirements, after further analyses,                    of all the data, we incorporated the                  increases compliance costs (by about
                                                    evaluation, and consideration, we                        additional data into our analyses such                $75,000 for the first year) and increases
                                                    continue to believe these requirements                   that the PAH limit for furnaces                       penalty risks.
                                                    are appropriate. Therefore, in this                      producing FeMn was based on four                         After considering the petition from
                                                    action, we are not proposing any                         emissions tests (with a total of 13 runs).            Eramet, the EPA is not proposing any
                                                    changes to these requirements. Instead,                  As we explained in the final rule                     changes to the testing frequency in this
                                                                                                             preamble, the additional data we                      action.
                                                    we are providing further discussion and
                                                                                                             received just before signature of the                    However, in consideration of the fact
                                                    explanation as to why we believe it is
                                                                                                             supplemental proposal and again during                that the public lacked the opportunity to
                                                    appropriate to maintain these                                                                                  comment on the change in testing
                                                                                                             the comment period indicated PAH
                                                    requirements in the rule, providing                                                                            frequency, the EPA has granted
                                                                                                             emissions from furnaces producing
                                                    additional technical information to                                                                            reconsideration of this issue to provide
                                                                                                             FeMn were much higher than indicated
                                                    support our decisions, and requesting                                                                          an opportunity for public comment on
                                                                                                             by the data we had prior to August
                                                    comment on these three requirements                                                                            the testing frequency. We are proposing
                                                                                                             2014. For example, the PAH
                                                    for which the EPA is granting                                                                                  no change to the quarterly testing for
                                                                                                             concentrations for furnaces producing
                                                    reconsideration. If a commenter                                                                                PAH for furnaces producing FeMn due
                                                                                                             FeMn in these additional test reports
                                                    disagrees with our assessment of these                   were over 12 times higher than in                     to the high variability of the PAH test
                                                    issues, we encourage the commenter to                    previous test reports submitted by                    data and the fact that the new data were
                                                    provide a detailed technical explanation                 Eramet (as shown in appendix A of the                 much higher than the previous data.
                                                    as to why they disagree and provide                      Revised MACT Floor Analysis for the                   The inclusion of these data increased
                                                    supporting information. Furthermore, if                  Ferroalloys Production Source Category                the MACT emissions limit for PAHs
                                                    a commenter recommends any changes                       document, which is available in the                   (which was based on the 99 percent
                                                    to the three rule requirements addressed                 docket).                                              UPL) for furnaces producing FeMn in
                                                    in this action, we encourage the                            To calculate the MACT floor                        the 2015 final rule by about 9 times
                                                    commenter to describe the specific rule                  emissions limit for the final rule, we                compared to the MACT limit proposed
                                                    changes they recommend and an                            incorporated all the data (13 runs) and               in the 2014 supplemental proposal. In
                                                    explanation as to why they recommend                     applied our standard 99 percent upper                 contrast, the PAH concentrations for
                                                    such changes.                                            prediction limit (UPL) methodology.                   furnaces producing SiMn were only
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                                                    III. Discussion of the Issues Under                      Using the UPL methodology resulted in                 slightly higher than previous test data
                                                    Reconsideration                                          a MACT floor emissions limit of 12 mg/                received from the facilities.
                                                                                                             dscm, which was 9 times higher than                   Furthermore, we believe the quarterly
                                                    A. Quarterly PAH Testing for Furnaces                    the MACT floor limit of 1.4 mg/dscm we                testing, along with the collection of
                                                    Producing FeMn                                           had proposed in 2014.                                 process information that a facility may
                                                      In the 2014 supplemental proposal,                        With regard to testing frequency, in               choose to collect voluntarily, could
                                                    which was published in the Federal                       the 2014 supplemental proposal, we                    provide data that would help facilities
                                                    Register on October 6, 2014 (79 FR                       proposed that compliance testing for                  learn what factors or conditions are


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                                                                             Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 133 / Tuesday, July 12, 2016 / Proposed Rules                                                     45093

                                                    contributing to the quantity and                            In the final rule, we explained that               information and analyses which are
                                                    variation of PAH emissions. For                          after considering public comments, we                 described in the following paragraphs.
                                                    example, among other things, we                          decided to require DCOT, rather than                     First, we have gathered and reviewed
                                                    believe the collection and analyses of                   allow its use as an option, and                       additional information that shows that
                                                    information about the amounts and                        maintained the same frequency as                      opacity readings using DCOT are
                                                    types of input materials, types of                       proposed for Method 9, at least for the               statistically equivalent to EPA Method 9
                                                    electrodes used, electrode consumption                   first 26 weeks. Therefore, the final rule             opacity readings, including several
                                                    rates, furnace temperature, and other                    includes a requirement to conduct                     studies from government agencies and
                                                    furnace, process, or product information                 opacity observations using the DCOT at                other organizations,1 2 which compare
                                                    may help facilities understand what                      least once per week for a full furnace                Method 9 to DCOT. Each of these
                                                    factors are associated with the higher                   cycle for each operating furnace and                  studies determined that DCOT is
                                                    emissions and could provide insight                      each MOR operation for at least the first             statistically equivalent to EPA Method 9
                                                    regarding how to limit these emissions.                  26 weeks. After 26 weeks, if all tests are            when measuring nonzero visible
                                                    Furthermore, as we described in the                      compliant, the final rule allows facilities           emissions. We have also reviewed the
                                                    preamble of the final rule (80 FR 37383),                to decrease to monthly opacity                        results of Method 301 evaluations where
                                                    if a facility decides to apply for                       observations.                                         DCOT was used to measure opacity of
                                                    decreased frequency of compliance                           In their reconsideration petitions, the            emissions from stacks greater than 7 feet
                                                    testing from their permit authority, this                petitioners stated the EPA solicited                  in diameter and exiting along rooflines
                                                    type of information (described                           comment on the use of DCOT for                        (see the Statistical Comparison of ASTM
                                                    previously) could be helpful input for                   determining opacity from the shop                     D7520 to EPA Reference Method 9 on
                                                    such an application.                                     building in the 2014 supplemental                     Opacity from Stacks with Diameters
                                                       In addition, we believe initial                       proposal, but did not propose to require              Over 7 Feet, by Hicks, S., et. al., August
                                                    quarterly PAH compliance testing will                    DCOT in accordance with ASTM                          28, 2015, which is available in the
                                                    help ensure that the public is not                       D7520–13 as the sole method of                        docket for this action). These Method
                                                    exposed to high concentrations of PAH                    demonstrating compliance with the                     301 studies showed no statistical
                                                    due to emissions from these facilities.                  opacity standard. In their supplemental               difference between the opacity
                                                    By retaining frequent testing with the                   proposal comments (see EPA–HQ–                        measured using DCOT and EPA Method
                                                    ability to reduce the frequency of testing               OAR–2010–0895–0269 and –0272), the                    9, regardless of the stack diameter. In
                                                    with compliant results, the rule ensures                 petitioners stated that the EPA had                   addition, we have learned that ASTM
                                                                                                             provided insufficient description of                  International is currently revising the
                                                    adequate protection of the public while
                                                                                                             what might be required to employ                      DCOT test method (ASTM D7520–13) to
                                                    providing an additional incentive for
                                                                                                             DCOT on the shop buildings, and                       remove the provision limiting
                                                    the source to promptly achieve
                                                                                                             argued that DCOT was an unproven                      application to stacks with diameters of
                                                    compliance with the new MACT
                                                                                                             substitute for EPA Method 9                           7 feet or less. While DCOT has a record
                                                    emission limit.
                                                                                                             measurements. They also commented                     of accuracy comparable to Method 9, it
                                                       While we are not proposing any                                                                              also offers the distinct advantage of
                                                    changes to the testing frequency for                     that the open roof monitors in the shop
                                                                                                             building create variability in plume                  generating a permanent record of the
                                                    PAHs from FeMn furnaces, we seek                                                                               observation. This will be advantageous
                                                    comment on whether the goals of                          location and orientation, which they
                                                                                                             believed would make DCOT infeasible                   to the facility, oversight authorities, and
                                                    gaining a further understanding of                                                                             affected third parties (such as the
                                                    factors influencing emissions,                           or too costly.
                                                                                                                                                                   community) if there is a dispute about
                                                    incentivizing prompt compliance, and                        In their reconsideration petitions, the
                                                                                                                                                                   the facility’s emissions. Opacity
                                                    ensuring minimizing public exposures                     petitioners claimed that the referenced
                                                                                                                                                                   measurement using DCOT offers
                                                    to PAH emissions can be achieved with                    ASTM method expressly applies to
                                                                                                                                                                   measurements that are statistically as
                                                    a slightly different testing frequency                   stack openings of 7 feet in diameter or
                                                                                                                                                                   accurate as Method 9, creates a
                                                    such as semiannual testing for 2 years                   less, whereas the shop building open
                                                                                                                                                                   permanent record of opacity
                                                    with an opportunity to reduce frequency                  roof monitors at the facilities stretch
                                                                                                                                                                   measurements, and presents a
                                                    thereafter to annual testing.                            along the top of the roofline and are
                                                                                                                                                                   scientifically defensible approach for
                                                                                                             hundreds of feet long. They also noted
                                                    B. DCOT Opacity Compliance                                                                                     opacity determination.
                                                                                                             that only one vendor provides DCOT                       Regarding the comment that there is
                                                    Demonstration                                            and that the vendor would be free to                  only one vendor, we believe there will
                                                      In the 2014 supplemental proposal),                    charge the facilities whatever prices                 be an increase use of DCOT in the future
                                                    we proposed that facilities would need                   they want.                                            and an increased market and therefore
                                                    to take opacity readings for an entire                      After considering the petitions from               other vendors will begin offering these
                                                    furnace cycle once per week per furnace                  Eramet and Felman, and after gathering,               services. We believe that once other
                                                    using Method 9 or DCOT to demonstrate                    reviewing, and evaluating additional                  vendors learn that EPA is starting to
                                                    compliance with the opacity limits.                      information, the EPA is not proposing                 require DCOT in various rules and other
                                                    However, in the supplemental proposal,                   any changes to the requirements for                   actions, that other vendors will become
                                                    we also said we were seeking comments                    demonstrating compliance with the                     available, which will likely keep prices
                                                    on the feasibility and practice associated               opacity limits. The EPA continues to                  approximately the same, or possibly
                                                    with the use of automated opacity                        believe it is appropriate to require
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                                                                                                                                                                   lower. We are not aware of any evidence
                                                    monitoring with ASTM D7520–13,                           ferroalloys production facilities to
                                                    using DCOT to assess the opacity of                      conduct opacity observations using the                  1 Air Force Research Laboratory, An Alternative
                                                    visible emissions from roof vents                        DCOT at least once per week for a full                To EPA Method 9—Field Validation Of The Digital
                                                    associated with the processes at each                    furnace cycle for each operating furnace              Opacity Compliance System (DOCS): Results From
                                                    facility, and how this technology could                  and each MOR operation for at least the               The One-Year Regulatory Study, August 2005.
                                                                                                                                                                   AFRL–ML–TY–TR–2006–4515.
                                                    potentially be included as part of the                   first 26 weeks. However, we are seeking                 2 Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Digital
                                                    requirements in the NESHAP for                           comments on this DCOT monitoring                      Camera Opacity Technique: Field Test Evaluation
                                                    ferroalloys production sources.                          requirement and the additional                        Report, Technical Update, June 2014. 1023954.



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                                                    45094                    Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 133 / Tuesday, July 12, 2016 / Proposed Rules

                                                    that the vendor has raised, or will raise,               the EPA is not proposing any changes to               IV. Impacts of This Action
                                                    its prices due to the Ferroalloys                        the requirement in the rule that
                                                                                                                                                                   A. Economic Impacts
                                                    Production final rule.                                   baghouses be equipped with BLDS. The
                                                                                                             EPA continues to believe it is                           The EPA does not expect any
                                                    C. BLDS on Positive Pressure Baghouses                                                                         significant economic impacts as a result
                                                                                                             appropriate to require BLDS to monitor
                                                       In the 2014 supplemental proposal,                    PM emissions from all furnace                         of this rule reconsideration. The rule
                                                    we proposed that furnace baghouses                       baghouses. However, we are seeking                    provisions that are being reconsidered
                                                    would be required to be equipped with                    comments on this BLDS requirement                     in this action were already included in
                                                    BLDS. In response to the supplemental                    and on the additional information we                  the Economic Impact Analysis for the
                                                    proposal, Felman commented that the                      are adding to the record, as described in             final rule. Changes to the final rule as
                                                    existing positive pressure baghouses                                                                           a result of this reconsideration, if any,
                                                                                                             the following paragraph.
                                                    and the baghouse monitoring system at                                                                          would likely result in lower economic
                                                    the Felman site constrain the kinds of                      We are providing additional                        costs and impacts rather than higher
                                                    monitoring and monitoring systems that                   supporting information on the use of                  costs and impacts.
                                                    Felman can use, and that BLDS had                        BLDSs on positive pressure baghouses
                                                    never been demonstrated on a positive-                   to the record. This includes technical                B. Environmental Impacts
                                                    pressure baghouse. Felman requested                      articles 4 5 on the installation and                    The EPA does not expect any
                                                    that the EPA not require BLDS on their                   operation of BLDS on positive pressure                significant environmental impacts as a
                                                    baghouses because they claimed this                      baghouses, and correspondence with                    result of the reconsideration of the three
                                                    would effectively require Felman to                      manufacturers and installers with                     rule provisions identified in this action,
                                                    replace its existing control system with                 experience installing BLDS on positive                especially since the EPA is not
                                                    a negative-pressure baghouse simply to                   pressure baghouses (see the Positive                  proposing any changes to these
                                                    meet the baghouse monitoring                             Pressure Baghouse Bag Leak Detection                  provisions. The issues being
                                                    requirement. In response to this                         Information Memorandum which is                       reconsidered are monitoring and
                                                    comment, we explained that the EPA                       available in the docket for this action).             compliance testing issues and, therefore,
                                                    has knowledge of BLDS being used on                      In addition, we have corresponded with                should not have any effect on the
                                                    positive pressure baghouse systems,                      facilities that have installed and                    estimated emissions or emission
                                                    including those baghouses with large                     operated BLDS on their positive                       reductions from what we estimated in
                                                    area roof emissions points. A change to                  pressure baghouses (see the Positive                  the final rule.
                                                    a negative pressure baghouse would not                   Pressure Baghouse Bag Leak Detection
                                                    be necessary. Manufacturers of BLDSs                                                                           V. Statutory and Executive Order
                                                                                                             Information Memorandum which is                       Reviews
                                                    provide information on how best to                       available in the docket for this action).
                                                    deploy their instruments on the outlet of                Based on this information, we have                      Additional information about these
                                                    a positive pressure baghouse.                            found no technical or economic basis                  statutes and Executive Orders can be
                                                       In their petition, Felman asserted that                                                                     found at http://www2.epa.gov/laws-
                                                                                                             for removing the BLDS requirement
                                                    the EPA did not provide any                                                                                    regulations/laws-and-executive-orders.
                                                    information regarding the use of BLDS                    from the final rule. The monitoring
                                                    on positive pressure baghouses. The                      requirement for furnace baghouses is                  A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory
                                                    commenter stated that in the Response                    intended to ensure continuous                         Planning and Review, and Executive
                                                    to Comment document,3 the EPA                            compliance with the PM standards in                   Order 13563: Improving Regulation and
                                                    claimed that they had knowledge of                       the final rule, which are surrogate                   Regulatory Review
                                                    BLDS being used on positive pressure                     standards for metal HAP emitted from                    This action is not a significant
                                                    baghouses and that the facility should                   the furnaces.                                         regulatory action and was, therefore, not
                                                    check with manufacturers of BLDS for                        As mentioned previously, we are                    submitted to the Office of Management
                                                    how best to comply. However, the                         seeking comments on the BLDS                          and Budget (OMB) for review.
                                                    petitioner stated that this knowledge is                 requirement along with data and other
                                                    not included in the record, and the most                                                                       B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
                                                                                                             information to support such comments.
                                                    current published EPA technical                          If a commenter disagrees with our                       This action does not impose any new
                                                    guidance on this topic stated that BLDS                  assessment regarding feasibility of BLDS              information collection burden under the
                                                    is not appropriate for positive pressure                 on specific types of baghouses, we                    PRA. OMB has previously approved the
                                                    baghouses. In addition, the petitioner                   encourage such commenters to provide                  information collection activities
                                                    claimed the EPA had not evaluated the                    a detailed technical explanation and                  contained in the existing regulations
                                                    costs associated with this application                   information to support such comments.                 and has assigned OMB control number
                                                    and estimated the cost to be comparable                  Furthermore, in this case, we would                   2060–0676. This proposal document
                                                    with BLDS for negative pressure                          also request the commenter to provide                 provides reconsideration of three issues
                                                    baghouses. The petitioner also noted                     detailed suggestions as to what                       raised by petitioners on the final rule,
                                                    that the EPA’s supplemental proposal                     alternative monitoring actions could be               but does not make revisions to the
                                                    did not require continuous baghouse                      implemented (instead of BLDS) to                      requirements in the final rule.
                                                    monitoring for baghouses used to                         ensure continuous compliance with the                 Therefore, this action does not change
                                                    control fugitive emissions. However, the                 PM standards.                                         the information collection requirements
                                                    petitioner stated that the baghouses                                                                           previously finalized and, as a result,
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                                                    used to control fugitive emissions at                      4 Iron and Steel Technology, Practical              does not impose any additional burden
                                                    their facility also control emissions from               Application of Broken Bag Detector Technology for     on industry.
                                                    the furnace.                                             Compliance and Maintenance: Under the
                                                       After considering the petition from                   Steelmaking Electric Arc Furnace New Source           C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
                                                                                                             Performance Standards and the Iron and Foundry           I certify that this action will not have
                                                    Felman, and after gathering, reviewing,                  NESHAP, April 2005.
                                                    and evaluating additional information,                     5 Babcock & Wilcox, Fabric Filter Leak Detector     a significant economic impact on a
                                                                                                             Setup and Use, August 2014. Technical Paper BR–       substantial number of small entities
                                                      3 See   EPA–HQ–OAR–2010–0895–0302.                     1920.                                                 under the RFA. This action will not


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                                                                             Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 133 / Tuesday, July 12, 2016 / Proposed Rules                                            45095

                                                    impose any requirements on small                         I. National Technology Transfer and                   SUMMARY:    In this document, the Federal
                                                    entities. The agency has determined that                 Advancement Act (NTTAA)                               Communications Commission
                                                    neither of the companies affected by this                  This action involves technical                      (Commission) seeks comment on: A
                                                    proposed reconsideration document is                     standards. In the final rule for this                 proposal to update the Commission’s
                                                    considered to be a small entity.                         source category, the EPA decided to use               outage reporting requirement rules to
                                                                                                             ASTM D7520–13, Standard Test Method                   address broadband network disruptions,
                                                    D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act                                                                                including packet-based disruptions
                                                    (UMRA)                                                   for Determining the Opacity in a Plume
                                                                                                             in an Outdoor Ambient Atmosphere, for                 based on network performance
                                                      This action does not contain an                        measuring opacity from the shop                       degradation; proposed changes to the
                                                    unfunded mandate of $100 million or                      buildings. This standard is an                        rules governing interconnected voice
                                                    more as described in UMRA, 2 U.S.C.                                                                            over Internet protocol (VoIP) outage
                                                                                                             acceptable alternative to EPA Method 9
                                                    1531–1538, and does not significantly or                                                                       reporting to include disruptions based
                                                                                                             and is available from the American
                                                    uniquely affect small governments. The                                                                         on network performance degradation,
                                                                                                             Society for Testing and Materials
                                                    action imposes no enforceable duty on                                                                          update our outage definition to address
                                                                                                             (ASTM), 100 Barr Harbor Drive, Post
                                                    any state, local, or tribal governments or                                                                     incidents involving specified network
                                                                                                             Office Box C700, West Conshohocken,
                                                    the private sector.                                                                                            components; and modify the reporting
                                                                                                             PA 19428–2959. See http://
                                                                                                                                                                   process to make it consistent with other
                                                    E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism                     www.astm.org/. For this proposed
                                                                                                                                                                   services; reporting of call failures in the
                                                                                                             reconsideration action, the EPA has
                                                      This action does not have federalism                                                                         radio access network and local access
                                                                                                             agreed to reconsider the use of ASTM
                                                    implications. It will not have substantial                                                                     network, and on geography-based
                                                                                                             D7520–13 as the only method to be used
                                                    direct effects on the states, on the                                                                           reporting of wireless outages in rural
                                                                                                             to measure opacity from the shop
                                                    relationship between the national                                                                              areas; and, refining the covered critical
                                                                                                             buildings.
                                                    government and the states, or on the                                                                           communications at airports subject to
                                                    distribution of power and                                J. Executive Order 12898: Federal                     the Commission’s outage reporting
                                                    responsibilities among the various                       Actions To Address Environmental                      requirements.
                                                    levels of government.                                    Justice in Minority Populations and                   DATES: Submit comments on or before
                                                                                                             Low-Income Populations                                August 26, 2016, and reply comments
                                                    F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation
                                                    and Coordination With Indian Tribal                         The EPA believes that this action does             on or before September 12, 2016.
                                                    Governments                                              not have disproportionately high and                  ADDRESSES: You may submit comments,
                                                                                                             adverse human health or environmental                 identified by PS Docket No. 15–80 and
                                                      This action does not have tribal                       effects on minority populations, low-                 11–82, by any of the following methods:
                                                    implications as specified in Executive                   income populations, and/or indigenous                    • Federal Communications
                                                    Order 13175. There are no ferroalloys                    peoples, as specified in Executive Order              Commission’s Web site: http://
                                                    production facilities that are owned or                  12898 (59FR 7629, February 16, 1994)                  fjallfoss.fcc.gov/ecfs2/. Follow the
                                                    operated by tribal governments. Thus,                    because it does not affect the level of               instructions for submitting comments.
                                                    Executive Order 13175 does not apply                     protection provided to human health or                   • Filings can be sent by hand or
                                                    to this action.                                          the environment. This action only                     messenger delivery, by commercial
                                                                                                             includes reconsideration of certain                   overnight courier, or by first-class or
                                                    G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of
                                                                                                             issues of the final rule that will not                overnight U.S. Postal Service mail. See
                                                    Children From Environmental Health
                                                                                                             affect the emission standards that were               the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Section
                                                    Risks and Safety Risks
                                                                                                             finalized on June 30, 2015.                           for more instructions.
                                                      This action is not subject to Executive                                                                         • People with Disabilities: Contact the
                                                    Order 13045 because it is not                            List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 63                    FCC to request reasonable
                                                    economically significant as defined in                     Environmental protection,                           accommodations (accessible format
                                                    Executive Order 12866, and because the                   Administrative practice and procedures,               documents, sign language interpreters,
                                                    EPA does not believe the environmental                   Air pollution control, Hazardous                      CART, etc.) by email: FCC504@fcc.gov
                                                    health or safety risks addressed by this                 substances, Intergovernmental relations,              or phone: 202–418–0530 or TTY: 202–
                                                    action present a disproportionate risk to                Reporting and recordkeeping                           418–0432.
                                                    children. The health risk assessments                    requirements.                                            For detailed instructions for
                                                    completed for the final rule are                           Dated: June 30, 2016.
                                                                                                                                                                   submitting comments and additional
                                                    presented in the Residual Risk                                                                                 information on the rulemaking process,
                                                                                                             Gina McCarthy,
                                                    Assessment for the Ferroalloys Source                                                                          see the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
                                                                                                             Administrator.                                        Section of this document.
                                                    Category in Support of the 2015 Final
                                                                                                             [FR Doc. 2016–16450 Filed 7–11–16; 8:45 am]
                                                    Rule document, which is available in                                                                           FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
                                                                                                             BILLING CODE 6560–50–P                                Brenda D. Villanueva, Attorney Advisor,
                                                    the docket for this action (EPA–HQ–
                                                    OAR–2010–0895–0281), and are                                                                                   Public Safety and Homeland Security
                                                    discussed in section V.G of the                                                                                Bureau, (202) 418–7005, or
                                                    preamble for the final rule (80 FR                       FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS                                brenda.villanueva@fcc.gov.
                                                    37366).                                                  COMMISSION                                            SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: This is a
                                                                                                                                                                   summary of the Commission’s Further
mstockstill on DSK3G9T082PROD with PROPOSALS




                                                    H. Executive Order 13211: Actions                        47 CFR Part 4
                                                                                                                                                                   Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
                                                    Concerning Regulations That
                                                                                                             [PS Docket No. 15–80, 11–82; FCC 16–63]               (FNPRM), FCC 16–63, adopted May 25,
                                                    Significantly Affect Energy Supply,
                                                                                                                                                                   2016, and released May 26, 2016. The
                                                    Distribution, or Use                                     Disruptions to Communications                         full text of this document is available for
                                                      This action is not subject to Executive                AGENCY:  Federal Communications                       inspection and copying during normal
                                                    Order 13211 because it is not a                          Commission.                                           business hours in the FCC Reference
                                                    significant regulatory action under                                                                            Center (Room CY–A257), 445 12th
                                                                                                             ACTION: Proposed rule.
                                                    Executive Order 12866.                                                                                         Street SW., Washington, DC 20554 or


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Document Created: 2016-07-12 01:59:44
Document Modified: 2016-07-12 01:59:44
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionProposed Rules
ActionReconsideration; proposed rule.
DatesComments. Comments must be received on or before August 26, 2016.
ContactFor questions about this action, contact Phil Mulrine, Sector Policies and Programs Division (D243-02), Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; telephone number: (919) 541-5289; fax number: (919) 541-3207; and email
FR Citation81 FR 45089 
RIN Number2060-AS90
CFR AssociatedEnvironmental Protection; Administrative Practice and Procedures; Air Pollution Control; Hazardous Substances; Intergovernmental Relations and Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements

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