81 FR 4577 - Special Conditions: Dassault Aviation, Model Falcon 2000EX Airplanes, Head-Up Display (HUD) With Vision-System Video

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration

Federal Register Volume 81, Issue 17 (January 27, 2016)

Page Range		4577-4579
FR Document		2016-01583

These special conditions are issued for Dassault Aviation Model Falcon 2000EX airplanes. This airplane will have a novel or unusual design feature associated with a vision system that displays video imagery on the head-up display (HUD). The applicable airworthiness regulations do not contain adequate or appropriate safety standards for this design feature. These special conditions contain the additional safety standards that the Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of safety equivalent to that established by the existing airworthiness standards.

Federal Register, Volume 81 Issue 17 (Wednesday, January 27, 2016)

[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 17 (Wednesday, January 27, 2016)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 4577-4579]
From the Federal Register Online [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2016-01583]

=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration

14 CFR Part 25

[Docket No. FAA-2015-5878; Special Conditions No. 25-608-SC]

Special Conditions: Dassault Aviation, Model Falcon 2000EX
Airplanes, Head-Up Display (HUD) With Vision-System Video

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION: Final special conditions; request for comments.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: These special conditions are issued for Dassault Aviation
Model Falcon 2000EX airplanes. This airplane will have a novel or
unusual design feature associated with a vision system that displays
video imagery on the head-up display (HUD). The applicable
airworthiness regulations do not contain adequate or appropriate safety
standards for this design feature. These special conditions contain the
additional safety standards that the Administrator considers necessary
to establish a level of safety equivalent to that established by the
existing airworthiness standards.

DATES: This action is effective on Dassault Aviation on January 27,
2016. We must receive your comments by March 14, 2016.

ADDRESSES: Send comments identified by docket number FAA-2015-5878
using any of the following methods:
Federal eRegulations Portal: Go to http://www.regulations.gov/ and follow the online instructions for sending
your comments electronically.
Mail: Send comments to Docket Operations, M-30, U.S.
Department of Transportation (DOT), 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Room
W12-140, West Building Ground Floor, Washington, DC 20590-0001.
Hand Delivery or Courier: Take comments to Docket
Operations in Room W12-140 of the West Building Ground Floor at 1200
New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m.,
Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.
Fax: Fax comments to Docket Operations at 202-493-2251.
Privacy: The FAA will post all comments it receives, without
change, to http://www.regulations.gov/, including any personal
information the commenter provides. Using the search function of the
docket Web site, anyone can find and read the electronic form of all
comments received into any FAA docket, including the name of the
individual sending the comment (or signing the comment for an
association, business, labor union, etc.). DOT's complete Privacy Act
Statement can be found in the Federal Register published on April 11,
2000 (65 FR 19477-19478), as well as at http://DocketsInfo.dot.gov/.
Docket: Background documents or comments received may be read at
http://www.regulations.gov/ at any time. Follow the online instructions
for accessing the docket or go to Docket Operations in Room W12-140 of
the West Building Ground Floor at 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE.,
Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday,
except Federal holidays.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dale Dunford, FAA, Airplane and
Flightcrew Interface, ANM-111, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft
Certification Service, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, Washington 98057-
3356; telephone 425-227-2239; facsimile 425-227-1100.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The FAA has determined that notice of, and
opportunity for prior public comment on, these special conditions are
impracticable because these procedures would significantly delay
issuance of the design approval and thus delivery of the affected
airplane. In addition, the substance of these special conditions has
been subject to the public-comment process in several prior instances
with no substantive comments received. The FAA therefore finds that
good cause exists for making these special conditions effective upon
publication in the Federal Register.

Comments Invited

We invite interested people to take part in this rulemaking by
sending written comments, data, or views. The most helpful comments
reference a specific portion of the special conditions, explain the
reason for any recommended change, and include supporting data.
We will consider all comments we receive by the closing date for
comments. We may change these special conditions based on the comments
we receive.

Background

On September 24, 2012, the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA),
on behalf of Dassault Aviation, applied for a design change to type
certificate no. A50NM to install the Elbit Systems head-up display,
which is an enhanced-flight vision system (EFVS) and synthetic vision
system (SVS). The change includes the display of a vision-system video
on the HUD.
Video display on the HUD constitutes new and unusual technology for
which the FAA has no certification criteria. Title 14, Code of Federal
Regulations (14 CFR) 25.773 does not permit visual distortions and
reflections in the pilot's view out the airplane windshield that could
interfere with the pilot's normal duties, and was not written in
anticipation of such technology. Special conditions are therefore
issued as prescribed under the provisions of Sec. 21.16.

Type Certification Basis

Under the provisions of 14 CFR 21.101, Dassault Aviation must show
that the Model Falcon 2000EX airplane, as changed, continues to meet
the applicable provisions of the regulations listed in type certificate
no. A50NM, or the applicable regulations in effect on the date of
application for the change, except for earlier amendments as agreed
upon by the FAA. The regulations listed in the type certificate are
commonly referred to as the ``original type certification basis.'' The
regulations listed in type certificate no. A50NM are as follows:
14 CFR part 25, effective February 1, 1965, including the latest
applicable requirements of Amendments 25-1 through 25-98. In addition,
the certification basis includes certain special conditions,
exemptions, or later amended sections of the applicable part that are
not relevant to these special conditions.
If the Administrator finds that the applicable airworthiness
regulations (i.e., 14 CFR part 25) do not contain adequate or
appropriate safety standards for the Model Falcon 2000EX airplane
because of a novel or unusual design feature, special conditions are
prescribed under the provisions of Sec. 21.16.
Special conditions are initially applicable to the model for which
they are issued. Should the type certificate for that model be amended
later to include any other model that incorporates the same novel or
unusual design feature, or should any other model already included on
the same type certificate be modified to incorporate the same novel or
unusual design feature, these special conditions would also apply to
the other model under Sec. 21.101.

[[Page 4578]]

In addition to the applicable airworthiness regulations and special
conditions, the Dassault Aviation Model Falcon 2000EX airplane must
comply with the fuel-vent and exhaust-emission requirements of 14 CFR
part 34, and the noise-certification requirements of 14 CFR part 36.
The FAA issues special conditions, as defined in 14 CFR 11.19, in
accordance with Sec. 11.38, and they become part of the type-
certification basis under Sec. 21.101.

Novel or Unusual Design Features

The Model Falcon 2000EX airplane will incorporate the following
novel or unusual design feature:
Enhanced-flight vision system and synthetic vision system that
display video imagery on a HUD.

Discussion

For many years the FAA has approved, on transport-category
airplanes, the use of HUD that display flight symbols without a
significant visual obstruction of the outside view. When the FAA began
to evaluate the display of enhanced vision-system (EVS) imagery on the
HUD, significant potential to obscure the outside view became apparent,
contrary to the requirements of 14 CFR 25.773. This rule does not
permit distortions and reflections in the pilot-compartment view,
through the airplane windshield, that interferes with normal duties,
and the rule was not written in anticipation of such technology. The
video image potentially interferes with the pilot's ability to see the
natural scene in the center of the forward field of view. Therefore,
the FAA issued special conditions for such HUD/EVS installations to
ensure that the level of safety required by Sec. 25.773 would be met
even when the image might partially obscure the outside view. While
many of the characteristics of EVS and SVS video differ in some ways,
they have one thing in common: The potential for interference with the
outside view through the airplane windshield.
Although the pilot readily may be able to see around and through
small, individual, stroke-written symbols on the HUD, the pilot may not
be able to see, without some interference of the outside view, around
or through the image that fills the display. Nevertheless, the vision-
system video may be capable of meeting the required level of safety
when considering the combined view of the image and the outside scene
visible to the pilot through the image. It is essential that the pilot
can use this combination of image and natural view of the outside scene
as safely and effectively as the pilot-compartment view currently
available without the vision-system image.
Because Sec. 25.773 does not provide for any alternatives or
considerations for such a new and novel system, the FAA establishes
safety requirements that assure an equivalent level of safety and
effectiveness of the pilot-compartment view as intended by that rule.
The purpose of these special conditions is to provide the unique pilot-
compartment-view requirements for the EFVS/SVS installation.

Applicability

As discussed above, these special conditions are applicable to the
Dassault Aviation Model Falcon 2000EX airplane. Should the applicant
apply at a later date for a change to the type certificate to include
another model incorporating the same novel or unusual design feature,
the special conditions would apply to that model as well.

Conclusion

This action affects only certain novel or unusual design features
on Dassault Aviation Model Falcon 2000EX airplanes. It is not a rule of
general applicability.
The substance of these special conditions has been subjected to the
public notice and comment period in several prior instances, and has
been derived without substantive change from those previously issued.
It is unlikely that prior public comment would result in a significant
change from the substance contained herein. Therefore, because a delay
would significantly affect the certification of the HUD/EVS
modification to the Falcon 2000EX airplane, which is imminent, the FAA
has determined that prior public notice and comment are unnecessary and
impracticable, and good cause exists for adopting these special
conditions upon publication in the Federal Register.
The FAA requests comments to allow interested persons to submit
views that may not have been submitted in response to the prior
opportunities for comment described above.

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25

Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting and recordkeeping
requirements.

The authority citation for these special conditions is as follows:

Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702, 44704.

The Special Conditions

Accordingly, pursuant to the authority delegated to me by the
Administrator, the following special conditions are issued as part of
the type-certification basis for Dassault Aviation Falcon 2000EX
airplanes.
1. During any phase of flight in which it is to be used, the
vision-system video imagery on the HUD must not degrade flight safety
or interfere with the effective use of outside visual references for
required pilot tasks.
2. To avoid unacceptable interference with the safe and effective
use of the pilot-compartment view, the vision system must meet the
following requirements:
a. The vision-system design must minimize unacceptable display
characteristics or artifacts (e.g., terrain shadowing against a dark
background) that obscure the desired image of the scene, impair the
pilot's ability to detect and identify visual references, mask flight
hazards, distract the pilot, or otherwise degrade task performance or
safety.
b. Control of vision-system display brightness must be sufficiently
effective in dynamically changing background (ambient) lighting
conditions to avoid pilot distraction, impairment of the pilot's
ability to detect and identify visual references, masking of flight
hazards, or to otherwise degrade task performance or safety. If
automatic control for image brightness is not provided, it must be
shown that a single, manual setting is satisfactory for the range of
lighting conditions encountered during a time-critical, high-workload
phase of flight (e.g., low-visibility instrument approach).
c. A readily accessible control must be provided that permits the
pilot to immediately deactivate and reactivate display of the vision-
system video image on demand, without having to remove hands from the
primary flight controls (yoke or equivalent) or thrust control.
d. The vision-system video image on the HUD must not impair the
pilot's use of guidance information, or degrade the presentation and
pilot awareness of essential flight information displayed on the HUD,
such as alerts, airspeed, attitude, altitude and direction, approach
guidance, windshear guidance, TCAS resolution advisories, or unusual-
attitude recovery cues.
e. The vision-system video image and the HUD symbols, which are
spatially referenced to the pitch scale, outside view, and image, must
be scaled and aligned (i.e., conformal) to the external scene. In
addition, the vision-system video image and the HUD symbols--when
considered singly or in combination--must not be misleading, cause
pilot confusion, or increase

[[Page 4579]]

workload. Airplane attitudes or cross-wind conditions may cause certain
symbols and graphic elements (e.g., the zero-pitch line or flight-path
vector) to reach field-of-view limits, such that they cannot be
positioned in alignment with the image and external scene. In such
cases, these symbols may be displayed but with an altered appearance
(``ghosting'') that makes the pilot aware that the symbols and graphics
are no longer displayed conformally. The combined use of symbols and
runway image may not be used for path monitoring when path symbols are
no longer conformal (i.e., in alignment with the real-world view out
the airplane window).
f. A HUD system used to display vision-system video images must, if
previously certified, continue to meet all of the requirements of the
original approval.
3. The safety and performance of the pilot tasks associated with
the use of the pilot-compartment view must be not be degraded by the
display of the vision-system video image. These tasks include the
following:
a. Detection, accurate identification, and maneuvering, as
necessary, to avoid traffic, terrain, obstacles, and other flight
hazards.
b. Accurate identification and utilization of visual references
required for every task relevant to the phase of flight.
4. Appropriate limitations must be stated in the Operating
Limitations section of the Airplane Flight Manual to prohibit the use
of vision systems for functions that have not been found to be
acceptable.

Issued in Renton, Washington, on January 19, 2016.
Michael Kaszycki
Acting Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification
Service.
[FR Doc. 2016-01583 Filed 1-26-16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P

4578 Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 17 / Wednesday, January 27, 2016 / Rules and Regulations

In addition to the applicable and natural view of the outside scene as Administrator, the following special
airworthiness regulations and special safely and effectively as the pilot- conditions are issued as part of the type-
conditions, the Dassault Aviation Model compartment view currently available certification basis for Dassault Aviation
Falcon 2000EX airplane must comply without the vision-system image. Falcon 2000EX airplanes.
with the fuel-vent and exhaust-emission Because § 25.773 does not provide for 1. During any phase of flight in which
requirements of 14 CFR part 34, and the any alternatives or considerations for it is to be used, the vision-system video
noise-certification requirements of 14 such a new and novel system, the FAA imagery on the HUD must not degrade
CFR part 36. establishes safety requirements that flight safety or interfere with the
The FAA issues special conditions, as assure an equivalent level of safety and effective use of outside visual references
defined in 14 CFR 11.19, in accordance effectiveness of the pilot-compartment for required pilot tasks.
with § 11.38, and they become part of view as intended by that rule. The 2. To avoid unacceptable interference
the type-certification basis under purpose of these special conditions is to with the safe and effective use of the
§ 21.101. provide the unique pilot-compartment- pilot-compartment view, the vision
view requirements for the EFVS/SVS system must meet the following
Novel or Unusual Design Features requirements:
installation.
The Model Falcon 2000EX airplane a. The vision-system design must
will incorporate the following novel or Applicability minimize unacceptable display
unusual design feature: As discussed above, these special characteristics or artifacts (e.g., terrain
Enhanced-flight vision system and conditions are applicable to the Dassault shadowing against a dark background)
synthetic vision system that display Aviation Model Falcon 2000EX that obscure the desired image of the
video imagery on a HUD. airplane. Should the applicant apply at scene, impair the pilot’s ability to detect
Discussion a later date for a change to the type and identify visual references, mask
certificate to include another model flight hazards, distract the pilot, or
For many years the FAA has incorporating the same novel or unusual otherwise degrade task performance or
approved, on transport-category design feature, the special conditions safety.
airplanes, the use of HUD that display would apply to that model as well. b. Control of vision-system display
flight symbols without a significant brightness must be sufficiently effective
visual obstruction of the outside view. Conclusion in dynamically changing background
When the FAA began to evaluate the This action affects only certain novel (ambient) lighting conditions to avoid
display of enhanced vision-system or unusual design features on Dassault pilot distraction, impairment of the
(EVS) imagery on the HUD, significant Aviation Model Falcon 2000EX pilot’s ability to detect and identify
potential to obscure the outside view airplanes. It is not a rule of general visual references, masking of flight
became apparent, contrary to the applicability. hazards, or to otherwise degrade task
requirements of 14 CFR 25.773. This The substance of these special performance or safety. If automatic
rule does not permit distortions and conditions has been subjected to the control for image brightness is not
reflections in the pilot-compartment public notice and comment period in provided, it must be shown that a
view, through the airplane windshield, several prior instances, and has been single, manual setting is satisfactory for
that interferes with normal duties, and derived without substantive change the range of lighting conditions
the rule was not written in anticipation from those previously issued. It is encountered during a time-critical, high-
of such technology. The video image unlikely that prior public comment workload phase of flight (e.g., low-
potentially interferes with the pilot’s would result in a significant change visibility instrument approach).
ability to see the natural scene in the from the substance contained herein. c. A readily accessible control must be
center of the forward field of view. Therefore, because a delay would provided that permits the pilot to
Therefore, the FAA issued special significantly affect the certification of immediately deactivate and reactivate
conditions for such HUD/EVS the HUD/EVS modification to the display of the vision-system video
installations to ensure that the level of Falcon 2000EX airplane, which is image on demand, without having to
safety required by § 25.773 would be imminent, the FAA has determined that remove hands from the primary flight
met even when the image might prior public notice and comment are controls (yoke or equivalent) or thrust
partially obscure the outside view. unnecessary and impracticable, and control.
While many of the characteristics of good cause exists for adopting these d. The vision-system video image on
EVS and SVS video differ in some ways, special conditions upon publication in the HUD must not impair the pilot’s use
they have one thing in common: The the Federal Register. of guidance information, or degrade the
potential for interference with the The FAA requests comments to allow presentation and pilot awareness of
outside view through the airplane interested persons to submit views that essential flight information displayed on
windshield. may not have been submitted in the HUD, such as alerts, airspeed,
Although the pilot readily may be response to the prior opportunities for attitude, altitude and direction,
able to see around and through small, comment described above. approach guidance, windshear
individual, stroke-written symbols on guidance, TCAS resolution advisories,
the HUD, the pilot may not be able to List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25
or unusual-attitude recovery cues.
see, without some interference of the Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting e. The vision-system video image and
outside view, around or through the and recordkeeping requirements. the HUD symbols, which are spatially
asabaliauskas on DSK5VPTVN1PROD with RULES

image that fills the display. The authority citation for these referenced to the pitch scale, outside
Nevertheless, the vision-system video special conditions is as follows: view, and image, must be scaled and
may be capable of meeting the required Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701, aligned (i.e., conformal) to the external
level of safety when considering the 44702, 44704. scene. In addition, the vision-system
combined view of the image and the video image and the HUD symbols—
outside scene visible to the pilot The Special Conditions when considered singly or in
through the image. It is essential that the Accordingly, pursuant to the combination—must not be misleading,
pilot can use this combination of image authority delegated to me by the cause pilot confusion, or increase

VerDate Sep<11>2014 16:58 Jan 26, 2016 Jkt 238001 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\27JAR1.SGM 27JAR1

Document Created: 2018-02-02 12:39:46
Document Modified: 2018-02-02 12:39:46

Category		Regulatory Information
Collection		Federal Register
sudoc Class		AE 2.7: GS 4.107: AE 2.106:
Publisher		Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
Section		Rules and Regulations
Action		Final special conditions; request for comments.
Dates		This action is effective on Dassault Aviation on January 27, 2016. We must receive your comments by March 14, 2016.
Contact		Dale Dunford, FAA, Airplane and Flightcrew Interface, ANM-111, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, Washington 98057- 3356; telephone 425-227-2239; facsimile 425-227-1100.
FR Citation		81 FR 4577
CFR Associated		Aircraft; Aviation Safety and Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements

81 FR 4577 - Special Conditions: Dassault Aviation, Model Falcon 2000EX Airplanes, Head-Up Display (HUD) With Vision-System Video

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATIONFederal Aviation Administration

Federal Register Volume 81, Issue 17 (January 27, 2016)

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration