81 FR 50330 - Air Quality: Revision to the Regulatory Definition of Volatile Organic Compounds-Exclusion of 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) Ethane (HFE-347pcf2)
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Federal Register Volume 81, Issue 147 (August 1, 2016)
Federal Register Volume 81, Issue 147 (August 1, 2016)
| Page Range | 50330-50336 | |
| FR Document | 2016-17789 |
[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 147 (Monday, August 1, 2016)] [Rules and Regulations] [Pages 50330-50336] From the Federal Register Online [www.thefederalregister.org] [FR Doc No: 2016-17789] ======================================================================= ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 51 [EPA-HQ-OAR-2015-0041; FRL-9949-77-OAR] RIN 2060-AR94 Air Quality: Revision to the Regulatory Definition of Volatile Organic Compounds--Exclusion of 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) Ethane (HFE-347pcf2) AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Direct final rule. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is taking direct final action to revise the regulatory definition of volatile organic compounds (VOC) under the Clean Air Act (CAA). This direct final action adds 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) ethane (also known as HFE-347pcf2; CAS number 406-78-0) to the list of compounds excluded from the regulatory definition of VOC on the basis that this compound makes a negligible contribution to tropospheric ozone (O3 ) formation. DATES: This rule is effective on September 30, 2016 without further notice, unless the EPA receives adverse comment by August 31, 2016. If the EPA receives adverse comment, we will publish a timely withdrawal in the Federal Register informing the public that the rule will not take effect. ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-HQ- OAR-2015-0041, at http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the online instructions for submitting comments. Once submitted, comments cannot be edited or removed from Regulations.gov. The EPA may publish any comment received to its public docket. Do not submit electronically any information you consider to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Multimedia submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be accompanied by a written comment. The written comment is considered the official comment and should include discussion of all points you wish to make. The EPA will generally not consider comments or comment contents located outside of the primary submission (i.e. on the web, cloud, or other file sharing system). For additional submission methods, the full EPA public comment policy, information about CBI or multimedia submissions, and general guidance on making effective comments, please visit http://www2.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-epa-dockets. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Souad Benromdhane, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Health and Environmental Impacts Division, Mail Code C539-07, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; telephone: (919) 541-4359; fax number: (919) 541-5315; email address: [email protected]. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Table of Contents I. Why is the EPA using a direct final rule? II. Does this action apply to me? III. Background A. The EPA's VOC Exemption Policy B. Petition To List HFE-347pcf2 as an Exempt Compound IV. The EPA's Assessment of the Petition A. Contribution to Tropospheric Ozone Formation B. Contribution to Stratospheric Ozone Depletion C. Toxicity D. Contribution to Climate Change E. Conclusions V. Direct Final Action VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive [[Page 50331]] Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental Health and Safety Risks H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution or Use I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA) J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations K. Congressional Review Act (CRA) L. Judicial Review I. Why is the EPA using a direct final rule? The EPA is publishing this direct final rule without a prior proposed rule because we view this as a noncontroversial action and anticipate no adverse comment. This action revises the EPA's regulatory definition of VOC for purposes of preparing state implementation plans (SIPs) to attain the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS) for O3 under title I of the CAA by adding HFE-347pcf2 to the list of compounds excluded from the regulatory definition of VOC on the basis that this compound makes a negligible contribution to tropospheric O3 formation. However, in the ``Proposed Rules'' section of this Federal Register, we are publishing a separate document that will serve as the proposed rule to make this revision to the regulatory definition of VOC if adverse comments are received on this direct final rule. We will not institute a second comment period on this action. Any parties interested in commenting must do so at this time. For further information about commenting on this rule, see the ADDRESSES section of this document. If the EPA receives adverse comment, we will publish a timely withdrawal in the Federal Register informing the public that this direct final rule will not take effect. We would address all public comments in any subsequent final rule based on the proposed rule. II. Does this action apply to me? Entities potentially affected by this direct final rule include, but are not necessarily limited to: State and local air pollution control agencies that adopt and implement regulations to control air emissions of VOC; and industries manufacturing and/or using HFE-347pcf2 as a precision cleaning agent to remove contaminants including oil, flux, and fingerprints from items like medical devices, artificial implants, crucial military and aerospace items, electric components, printed circuit boards, optics, jewelry, ball bearings, aircraft guidance systems, film, relays, and a variety of metal components, among others. III. Background A. The EPA's VOC Exemption Policy Tropospheric O3 , commonly known as smog, is formed when VOC and nitrogen oxides (NOX ) react in the atmosphere in the presence of sunlight. Because of the harmful health effects of O3 , the EPA and state governments limit the amount of VOC that can be released into the atmosphere. Volatile organic compounds form O3 through atmospheric photochemical reactions, and different VOC have different levels of reactivity. That is, different VOC do not react to form O3 at the same speed or do not form O3 to the same extent. Some VOC react slowly or form less O3 ; therefore, changes in their emissions have limited effects on local or regional O3 pollution episodes. It is the EPA's policy that organic compounds with a negligible level of reactivity should be excluded from the regulatory definition of VOC in order to focus VOC control efforts on compounds that significantly increase O3 concentrations. The EPA also believes that exempting such compounds creates an incentive for industry to use negligibly reactive compounds in place of more highly reactive compounds that are regulated as VOC. The EPA lists compounds that it has determined to be negligibly reactive in its regulations as being excluded from the regulatory definition of VOC (40 CFR 51.100(s)). The CAA requires the regulation of VOC for various purposes. Section 302(s) of the CAA specifies that the EPA has the authority to define the meaning of ``VOC'' and, hence, what compounds shall be treated as VOC for regulatory purposes. The policy of excluding negligibly reactive compounds from the regulatory definition of VOC was first laid out in the ``Recommended Policy on Control of Volatile Organic Compounds'' (42 FR 35314, July 8, 1977) (from here forward referred to as the 1977 Recommended Policy) and was supplemented subsequently with the ``Interim Guidance on Control of Volatile Organic Compounds in Ozone State Implementation Plans'' (70 FR 54046, September 13, 2005) (from here forward referred to as the 2005 Interim Guidance). The EPA uses the reactivity of ethane as the threshold for determining whether a compound has negligible reactivity. Compounds that are less reactive than, or equally reactive to, ethane under certain assumed conditions may be deemed negligibly reactive and, therefore, suitable for exemption from the regulatory definition of VOC. Compounds that are more reactive than ethane continue to be considered VOC for regulatory purposes and, therefore, are subject to control requirements. The selection of ethane as the threshold compound was based on a series of smog chamber experiments that underlay the 1977 policy. The EPA has used three different metrics to compare the reactivity of a specific compound to that of ethane: (i) The rate constant for reaction with the hydroxyl radical (OH) (known as kOH ); (ii) the maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) on a reactivity per unit mass basis; and (iii) the MIR expressed on a reactivity per mole basis. Differences between these three metrics are discussed below. The kOH is the rate constant of the reaction of the compound with the OH radical in the air. This reaction is often, but not always the first and rate-limiting step in a series of chemical reactions by which a compound breaks down in the air and contributes to O3 formation. If this step is slow, the compound will likely not form O3 at a very fast rate. The kOH values have long been used by the EPA as metrics of photochemical reactivity and O3 -forming activity, and they have been the basis for most of the EPA's early exemptions of negligibly reactive compounds from the regulatory definition of VOC. The kOH metric is inherently a molar-based comparison, i.e., it measures the rate at which molecules react. The MIR, both by mole and by mass, is a more updated metric of photochemical reactivity derived from a computer-based photochemical model, and has been used as a consideration of reactivity since 1995. This metric considers the complete O3 -forming activity of a compound over multiple hours and through multiple reaction pathways, not merely the first reaction step with OH. Further explanation of the MIR metric can be found in Carter (1994), ``Development of ozone reactivity scales for volatile organic compounds.'' The EPA has considered the choice between a molar or mass basis for the comparison to ethane in past rulemakings and guidance. In the 2005 Interim Guidance, the EPA stated: [[Page 50332]] [A] comparison to ethane on a mass basis strikes the right balance between a threshold that is low enough to capture compounds that significantly affect ozone concentrations and a threshold that is high enough to exempt some compounds that may usefully substitute for more highly reactive compounds. When reviewing compounds that have been suggested for VOC-exempt status, EPA will continue to compare them to ethane using kOH expressed on a molar basis and MIR values expressed on a mass basis. The 2005 Interim Guidance also noted that concerns have sometimes been raised about the potential impact of a VOC exemption on environmental endpoints other than O3 concentrations, including fine particle formation, air toxics exposures, stratospheric O3 depletion, and climate change. The EPA has recognized, however, that there are existing regulatory and non-regulatory programs that are specifically designed to address these issues, and the EPA continues to believe in general that the impacts of VOC exemptions on environmental endpoints other than O3 formation will be adequately addressed by these programs. The VOC exemption policy is intended to facilitate attainment of the O3 NAAQS. In general, VOC exemption decisions will continue to be based solely on consideration of a compound's contribution to O3 formation. However, if the EPA determines that a particular VOC exemption is likely to result in a significant increase in the use of a compound and that the increased use would pose a significant risk to human health or the environment that would not be addressed adequately by existing programs or policies, then the EPA may exercise its judgment accordingly in deciding whether to grant an exemption. B. Petition To List HFE-347pcf2 as an Exempt Compound Asahi Glass Company, AGC Chemicals America, Inc. submitted a petition to the EPA on February 5, 2007, requesting that 1,1,2,2- Tetrafluoro-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) ethane (HFE-347pcf2; CAS number 406-78-0) be exempted from the regulatory definition of VOC. The petition was based on the argument that HFE-347pcf2 has low reactivity relative to ethane. The petitioner indicated that HFE-347pcf2 may be used in a variety of applications as a precision cleaning agent to remove contaminants including oil, flux, and fingerprints from items like medical devices, artificial implants, crucial military and aerospace items, electric components, printed circuit boards, optics, jewelry, ball bearings, aircraft guidance systems, film, relays, and a variety of metal components, among others. To support its petition, AGC Chemicals America, Inc. referenced several documents, including two peer-reviewed journal articles on HFE- 347pcf2's reaction rates (Tokuhashi et al., 2000; Pitts et al, 1983). In 2014, AGC provided a supplemental technical report on the maximum incremental reactivity of HFE-347pcf2 (Carter, 2014). According to this report, the maximum incremental reactivity of HFE-347pcf2 ranges between 0.0007 g O3 /g HFE-347pcf2 (best estimate) and 0.0013 g O3 /g HFE-347pcf2 (high reactivity estimate) on the mass- based MIR scale. This reactivity rate is much lower than that of ethane (0.28 g O3 /g ethane), the compound that the EPA has used for comparison to define ``negligible'' O3 reactivity for the purpose of exempting compounds from the regulatory definition of VOC. The rate constant for the gas-phase reaction of OH radicals with HFE- 347pcf2 (kOH ) has been measured to be 9.16 x 10-15 cm\3\/molecule-sec at ~298 K (Pitts et al., 1983, Tokuhashi et al., 2000). Based on the measured reactivity rate of HFE- 347pcf2 (Pitts et al., 1983), HFE-347pcf2 has a smaller kOH than ethane (kOH of ethane = 2.4 x 10-13 cm\3\/ molecule-sec at ~298 K) and, therefore, is less reactive than ethane. To address the potential for stratospheric O3 impacts, the petitioner contended that, given the atmospheric lifetime of HFE- 347pcf2 and that it does not contain chlorine or bromine, it is not expected to contribute to the depletion of the stratospheric O3 layer. IV. The EPA's Assessment of the Petition The EPA is taking direct final action to respond to the petition by exempting HFE-347pcf2 from the regulatory definition of VOC. This action is based on consideration of the compound's low contribution to tropospheric O3 and the low likelihood of risk to human health or the environment. In this case, the EPA considered issues of contribution to stratospheric O3 depletion, toxicity, and climate change. Additional information on these topics is provided in the following sections. A. Contribution to Tropospheric Ozone Formation The reaction rate of HFE-347pcf2 with the OH radical (kOH ) has been measured to be 9.16 x 10-15 cm\3\/ molecule-sec (Tokuhashi et al., 2000); other reactions with O3 and the nitrate radical were negligibly small. The corresponding reaction rate of ethane with OH is 2.4 x 10-13 cm\3\/molecule-sec (Atkinson et al., 2006). The overall atmospheric reactivity of HFE-347pcf2 was not studied in an experimental smog chamber, but the chemical mechanism derived from other chamber studies (Carter, 2011) was used to model the complete formation of O3 for an entire single day under realistic atmospheric conditions (Carter, 2014). In 2014, Carter calculated a MIR value of 0.0007 to 0.0013 g O3 /g VOC for HFE-347pcf2 for ``averaged conditions,'' versus 0.28 g O3 /g VOC for ethane. Table 1 presents the three reactivity metrics for HFE-347pcf2 as they compare to ethane. Table 1--Reactivities of Ethane and HFE-347pcf2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Maximum incremental Maximum Compound kOH (cm\3\/ reactivity (MIR) incremental molecule-sec) (g O3/mole VOC) reactivity (MIR) (g O3/g VOC) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ethane.............................................. 2.4 x 10-\13\ 8.4 0.28 HFE-347pcf2......................................... 9.16 x 10-\15\ 0.14-0.26 0.0007-0.0013 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Notes: 1. kOH value at 298 K for ethane is from Atkinson et al., 2006 (page 3626). 2. kOH value at 298 K for HFE-347pcf2 is from Tokuhashi, 2000. 3. Mass-based MIR value (g O3/g VOC) of ethane is from Carter, 2011. 4. Mass-based MIR value (g O3/g VOC) of HFE-347pcf2 is from a supplemental report by Carter, 2014. 5. Molar-based MIR (g O3/mole VOC) values were calculated from the mass-based MIR (g O3/g VOC) values using the number of moles per gram of the relevant organic compound. [[Page 50333]] The data in Table 1, shows that HFE-347pcf2 has a significantly lower kOH value than ethane, meaning that it initially reacts less quickly in the atmosphere than ethane. Also, a molecule of HFE-347pcf2 is less reactive than a molecule of ethane in terms of complete O3 -forming activity as shown by the molar-based MIR (g O3 /mole VOC) values. Additionally, one gram of HFE- 347pcf2 has a lower capacity than one gram of ethane to form O3 . Thus, following the 2005 Interim Guidance, HFE-347pcf2 is eligible to be exempted from the regulatory definition of VOC on the basis of kOH and both the mole- and mass-based MIR. B. Contribution to Stratospheric Ozone Depletion HFE-347pcf2 is unlikely to contribute to the depletion of the stratospheric O3 layer. The O3 depletion potential (ODP) of HFE-347pcf2 is expected to be negligible based on several lines of evidence: The absence of chlorine or bromine from the compound, the expected initial reactions described in Carter (2008), and the general theory supporting the estimated mechanisms of its reactivity with the hydroxyl OH discussed in Carter (2011). The Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program is the EPA's program to evaluate and regulate substitutes for end uses historically using ozone-depleting chemicals. Under Section 612(c) of the CAA, the EPA is required to identify and publish lists of acceptable and unacceptable substitutes for class I or class II ozone-depleting substances. According to the SNAP program finding, the HFE-347pcf2 ODP is zero and therefore HFE-347pcf2 is listed as an acceptable substitute for several of these ozone-depleting chemicals in electronics and precision cleaning and as an aerosol solvent in 2012.\1\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ 77 FR 47768, August 10, 2012. Also see list of acceptable cleaning solvents under SNAP decision: http://www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/solvents/solvents.pdf. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- C. Toxicity Based on a screening assessment of the health and environmental risks of HFE-347pcf2 (available in the docket for the SNAP rule at EPA- HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the name, ``Risk Screen on Substitutes CFC-113, Methyl Chloroform, and HCFC-141b in Aerosol Solvent, Electronics Cleaning, and Precision Cleaning Substitute: HFE-347pcf2''), the SNAP program anticipated that users will be able to use the compound in precision cleaning without significantly greater health risks than presented by use of other available substitutes. Potential health effects of HFE-347pcf2 include coughing, dizziness, dullness, drowsiness, and headache. Higher concentrations can produce heart irregularities, central nervous system depression, narcosis, unconsciousness, respiratory failure, or death. This compound may also irritate the skin or eyes. The acute and short-term studies presented during the SNAP review indicated that HFE-347pcf2 is toxic by inhalation, and mortality was observed at high concentrations of 2000 ppm and above. HFE-347pcf2 is not commonly used outside of industrial settings, and other compounds in the same industrial uses have similar health and environmental risks. The SNAP program, in their listing of HFE-347pcf2 as an acceptable substitute in aerosol solvent, recommended that adequate ventilation and good industrial hygiene practice be utilized due to the potential neurotoxic effects of this substitute at high acute (short-term) concentrations. The manufacturer recommended an acceptable exposure limit (AEL) for the workplace of 50 ppm (8-hr total weight average, TWA). The EPA recommended a maximum allowable human exposure limit of 150 ppm for HFE-347pcf2. The EPA anticipates that users following good practices will be able to use HFE-347pcf2 in electronics and precision cleaning without appreciable health risks. HFE-347pcf2 is not regulated as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) under Title I of the CAA. Also, it is not listed as a toxic chemical under Section 313 of the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA). The Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA) gives the EPA authority to assess and prevent potential unreasonable risks to human health and the environment before a new chemical substance is introduced into commerce. Section 5 of TSCA requires manufacturers and importers to notify the EPA before manufacturing or importing a new chemical substance by submitting a pre-manufacture notice (PMN) prior to the manufacture (including import) of the chemical. Under the TSCA New Chemicals Program, the EPA then assesses whether an unreasonable risk may, or will, be presented by the expected manufacture, processing, distribution in commerce, use, and disposal of the new substance. The PMN for HFE-347pcf2 stated the substance will be used in industrial settings for cleaning electronic components, precision cleaning, dewatering of electronic components and other parts following aqueous cleaning, and as a carrier/lubricant coating for hard disk drives and other precision parts. EPA did not determine that the above-listed proposed industrial processing or use of the substance presents an unreasonable risk. The EPA has determined, however, that domestic manufacture, use in non-industrial products, or use other than as described in the PMN may cause serious chronic health effects. To mitigate risks identified during the PMN review of HFE-347pcf2 (PMN P- 04-0635), EPA issued a Significant New Use Rule (SNUR) \2\ requiring that manufacturers notify the EPA prior to manufacture or processing of the compound for any new use other than those proposed in the PMN. The required notification will provide the EPA with the opportunity to evaluate the intended use and, if necessary, to prohibit or limit that activity before it occurs. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \2\ 77 FR 61117 (Oct. 5, 2012): FR document, with preamble background. See 40 CFR 721.10549. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- D. Contribution to Climate Change The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC AR5) estimated the lifetime of HFE-347pcf2 to be 6.0 years and the radiative efficiency to be 0.48 W/m\2\/ppb. The report estimated the resulting 100-year global warming potential (GWP) to be 889, meaning that, over a 100-year period, one ton of HFE-347pcf2 traps 889 times as much warming energy as one ton of CO2 (IPCC, 2013).\3\ HFE-347pcf2's GWP of 889 is lower than some of the substitutes in the end uses for which it has been listed as acceptable under the SNAP program, such as HFC-4310mee (GWP = 1650), but higher than the GWP of some other substitutes, such as HFC-365mfc (GWP = 804), HFE-7100 (GWP = 421) and aqueous cleaners with no direct GWP. Under the SNAP program, the EPA continually reviews the availability of acceptable substitutes and expects to eventually eliminate higher-GWP chemicals from the list of acceptable compounds as safer, lower-GWP substitutes become available. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \3\ The GWP value for HFE-347pcf2 of 580 considered in the 2012 SNAP decision came from the previous IPCC report, AR4 (IPCC, 2007). AR4 GWP values are still used in a number of regulatory and reporting contexts to maintain consistency and allow for analysis of trends. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- E. Conclusions The EPA finds that HFE-347pcf2 is negligibly reactive with respect to its contribution to tropospheric O3 formation and thus may be exempted from the EPA's definition of VOC in 40 CFR 51.100(s). HFE-347pcf2 has been [[Page 50334]] listed as acceptable for use in electronic and precision cleaning and as an aerosol solvent under the SNAP program (USEPA, 2004). The EPA determined that HFE-347pcf2 has a similar or lower stratospheric O3 depletion potential than available substitutes in those end uses and that the toxicity risk from using HFE-347pcf2 is not significantly greater than the risk from using other available alternatives. HFE-347pcf2, among other hydrofluoroethers, was found by both the Montreal Protocol's solvents, coatings, and adhesives technical options committee in 2002 and its technical and economic assessment panel in 2005, to be a suitable replacement for other, more harmful cleaning solvents (UNEP, 2002, 2005). HFE-347pcf2 is expected to be used primarily for the purposes regulated by the SNAP program. It is mostly replacing chemicals with higher GWP and the SNAP program will continue to evaluate its acceptability as an alternative for those specific uses, the EPA has concluded that non-tropospheric ozone- related risks associated with potential increased use of HFE-347pcf2 are adequately managed by this program. The EPA does not expect significant use of HFE-347pcf2 in applications not covered by the SNAP program. However, the SNUR in place under TSCA requires that any significant new use of the chemical be reported to EPA using a Significant New Use Notice (SNUN). Any significant new use of HFE-347pcf2 would need to be evaluated by the EPA, and the EPA will continually review the availability of acceptable substitute chemicals from the list of acceptable compounds under the SNAP program as lower-GWP substitutes become available, which could lead to restrictions on the use of HFE-347pcf2, should safer, lower-GWP substitutes become available. At this time, SNAP does not anticipate further evaluation of HFE-347pcf2 to potentially remove the compound from the list of acceptable substitutes in the precision cleaning end-use largely because the use of the chemical is limited to a small niche market. V. Direct Final Action The EPA is responding to the petition by revising its regulatory definition of VOC at 40 CFR 51.100(s) to add HFE-347pcf2 to the list of compounds that are exempt from the regulatory definition of VOC because it is less reactive than ethane based on a comparison of kOH , and mass-based MIR, and molar-based MIR metrics and is therefore considered negligibly reactive. As a result of this action, if an entity uses or produces any of this compound and is subject to the EPA regulations limiting the use of VOC in a product, limiting the VOC emissions from a facility, or otherwise controlling the use of VOC for purposes related to attaining the O3 NAAQS, then this compound will not be counted as a VOC in determining whether these regulatory obligations have been met. This action may also affect whether this compound is considered a VOC for state regulatory purposes to reduce O3 formation if a state relies on the EPA's regulatory definition of VOC. States are not obligated to exclude from control as a VOC those compounds that the EPA has found to be negligibly reactive. However, no state may take credit for controlling this compound in its O3 control strategy. Consequently, reduction in emissions for this compound will not be considered or counted in determining whether states have met the rate of progress requirements for VOC in SIPs or in demonstrating attainment of the O3 NAAQS. VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review This action is not a significant regulatory action and was therefore not submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for review. B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) This action does not impose an information collection burden under the PRA. It does not contain any recordkeeping or reporting requirements. C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) I certify that this action will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities under the RFA. This action will not impose any requirements on small entities. This action removes HFE-347pcf2 from the regulatory definition of VOC and thereby relieves manufacturers, distributers, and users of the compound from requirements to control emissions of the compound. D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) This action does not contain any unfunded mandate as described in UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531-1538, and does not significantly or uniquely affect small governments. The action imposes no enforceable duty on any state, local or tribal governments, or the private sector. E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism This action does not have federalism implications. It will not have substantial direct effects on the states, on the relationship between the national government and the states, or on the distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of government. F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian Tribal Governments This action does not have tribal implications, as specified in Executive Order 13175. This direct final rule removes HFE-347pcf2 from the regulatory definition of VOC and thereby relieves manufacturers, distributers and users from requirements to control emissions of the compound. Thus, Executive Order 13175 does not apply to this action. G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental Health and Safety Risks This action is not subject to Executive Order 13045 because it is not economically significant as defined in Executive Order 12866, and because the EPA does not believe the environmental health or safety risks addressed by this action present a disproportionate risk to children. Since HFE-347pcf2 is utilized in specific industrial applications where children are not present and dissipates quickly, there is no exposure or disproportionate risk to children. This action removes HFE-347pcf2 from the regulatory definition of VOC and thereby relieves manufacturers, distributers and users from requirements to control emissions of the compound. H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution or Use This action is not subject to Executive Order 13211 because it is not a significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866. I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA) This rulemaking does not involve technical standards. J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations The EPA believes that this action does not have disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental effects on minority populations, low-income populations and/or indigenous [[Page 50335]] peoples, as specified in Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629 February 16, 1994). This action removes HFE-347pcf2 from the regulatory definition of VOC and thereby relieves manufacturers, distributers, and users of the compound from requirements to control emissions of the compound. K. Congressional Review Act (CRA) This action is subject to the CRA, and the EPA will submit a rule report to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of the United States. This action is not a ``major rule'' as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2). L. Judicial Review Under section 307(b)(1) of the CAA, petitions for judicial review of this action must be filed in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit Court within 60 days from the date the final action is published in the Federal Register. Filing a petition for review by the Administrator of this final action does not affect the finality of this action for the purposes of judicial review nor does it extend the time within which a petition for judicial review must be filed, and shall not postpone the effectiveness of such action. Thus, any petitions for review of this action related to the exemption of HFE-347pcf2 from the regulatory definition of VOC must be filed in the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit within 60 days from the date final action is published in the Federal Register. References Atkinson, R., Baulch, D. L., Cox, R. A., Crowley, J. N., Hampson, Jr., R. F., Hynes, R. G., Jenkin, M. E., Kerr, J. A., Rossi, M. J., and Troe, J. (2006) Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume II--gas phase reactions of organic species. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6: 3625-4055. Carter, W. P. L. (1994) Development of ozone reactivity scales for volatile organic compounds. J. Air Waste Manage, 44: 881-899. Carter, W. P. L. (2008) Reactivity Estimates for Selected Consumer Product Compounds, Final Report to California Air Resources Board Contract No. 06-408, February 19, 2008. http://www.arb.ca.gov/research/reactivity/consumer_products.pdf. Carter, W. P. L. (2011) SAPRC Atmospheric Chemical Mechanisms and VOC Reactivity Scales, Web page at http://www.engr.ucr.edu/~carter/ SAPRC/ Last updated in Sept. 14, 2013. Tables of Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR) Values available at http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/2009/mir2009/mir2009.htm. May 11, 2011. Carter, W. P. L. (2014) Estimating the ground-level atmospheric ozone formation potentials of 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) ethane (HFE-347pcf2), November 13, 2014. IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Averyt, M. Tignor and H. L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 996 pp. IPCC, 2013: Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T. F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P. M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1535 pp. Pitts, J. N. Jr., Winer, A. M., Aschmann, S. M., Carter, W. P. L., and Atkinson, K. (1983), Experimental Protocol for Determining Hydroxyl Radical Reaction Rate Constants Environmental Science Research Laboratory, ORD, USEPA. EPA600/3-82-038. Tokuhashi, K., Takahashi, A., Kaise, M., Kondo, K., Sekiya, A., Yamashita, S., and Ito, H., (2000), Rate Constants for the Reactions of OH Radicals with CH3 OCF2 CHF2 , CHF2 OCH2 CF2 CHF2 , CHF2 OCH2 CF2 CF3 , and CF3 CH2 OCF2 CHF2 over the Temperature Range 250-430 K. J. Phys. Chem. Kinet A, 2000, V 104, N 6, 17 February, 2000. UNEP (2002), Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer: 2002 Report of the Solvents, Coatings, and Adhesives Technical Options Committee, Assessment Report, 2002. UNEP Technology and Economic Assessment Panel, UNEP/TEAP, (2005), Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, Progress Report, May 2005. USEPA, (USEPA/SNAP), (2004), The U.S. Solvents Cleaning Industry and the Transition to Non Ozone Depleting Substances, September 2004. List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 51 Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, Air pollution control, Ozone, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Volatile organic compounds. Dated: July 20, 2016. Gina McCarthy, Administrator. For reasons stated in the preamble, part 51 of chapter I of title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations is amended as follows: PART 51--REQUIREMENTS FOR PREPARATION, ADOPTION, AND SUBMITTAL OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Subpart F--Procedural Requirements 0 1. The authority citation for part 51, subpart F, continues to read as follows: Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, 7411, 7412, 7413, 7414, 7470-7479, 7501-7508, 7601, and 7602. 0 2. Section 51.100 is amended by revising the introductory text of paragraph (s)(1) to read as follows: Sec. 51.100 Definitions. * * * * * (s)(1) This includes any such organic compound other than the following, which have been determined to have negligible photochemical reactivity: Methane; ethane; methylene chloride (dichloromethane); 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform); 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2- trifluoroethane (CFC-113); trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11); dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12); chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22); trifluoromethane (HFC-23); 1,2-dichloro 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (CFC- 114); chloropentafluoroethane (CFC-115); 1,1,1-trifluoro 2,2- dichloroethane (HCFC-123); 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a); 1,1- dichloro 1-fluoroethane (HCFC-141b); 1-chloro 1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC- 142b); 2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124); pentafluoroethane (HFC-125); 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134); 1,1,1-trifluoroethane (HFC-143a); 1,1-difluoroethane (HFC-152a); parachlorobenzotrifluoride (PCBTF); cyclic, branched, or linear completely methylated siloxanes; acetone; perchloroethylene (tetrachloroethylene); 3,3-dichloro- 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoropropane (HCFC-225ca); 1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2,3- pentafluoropropane (HCFC-225cb); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-decafluoropentane (HFC 43-10mee); difluoromethane (HFC-32); ethylfluoride (HFC-161); 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa); 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245ca); 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245ea); 1,1,1,2,3- pentafluoropropane (HFC-245eb); 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC- 245fa); 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane (HFC-236ea); 1,1,1,3,3- pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc); chlorofluoromethane (HCFC-31); 1 chloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-151a); 1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-123a); 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-methoxy-butane (C4 F9 OCH3 or HFE-7100); 2- (difluoromethoxymethyl)-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane [[Page 50336]] ((CF3 )2 CFCF2 OCH3 ); 1- ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane (C4 F9 OC2 H5 or HFE-7200); 2- (ethoxydifluoromethyl)-1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane ((CF3 )2 CFCF2 OC2 H5 ); methyl acetate; 1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-3-methoxy-propane (n- C3F7OCH3, HFE-7000); 3-ethoxy-1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6-dodecafluoro-2- (trifluoromethyl) hexane (HFE-7500); 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC 227ea); methyl formate (HCOOCH3); 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoro- 3-methoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-pentane (HFE-7300); propylene carbonate; dimethyl carbonate; trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; HCF2 OCF2 H (HFE-134); HCF2 OCF2 OCF2 H (HFE-236cal2); HCF2 OCF2 CF2 OCF2 H (HFE- 338pcc13); HCF2 OCF2 OCF2 CF2 OCF2 H (H-Galden 1040x or H-Galden ZT 130 (or 150 or 180)); trans 1-chloro- 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene; 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; 2-amino-2- methyl-1-propanol; t-butyl acetate; 1,1,2,2- Tetrafluoro -1-(2,2,2- trifluoroethoxy) ethane; and perfluorocarbon compounds which fall into these classes: * * * * * [FR Doc. 2016-17789 Filed 7-29-16; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
![50330 Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 147 / Monday, August 1, 2016 / Rules and Regulations
obtaining regulatory objectives and an accessible format (e.g., braille, large DATES: This rule is effective on
taking into account—among other things print, audiotape, or compact disc) on September 30, 2016 without further
and to the extent practicable—the costs request to the program contact person notice, unless the EPA receives adverse
of cumulative regulations; listed under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION comment by August 31, 2016. If the EPA
(3) In choosing among alternative CONTACT. receives adverse comment, we will
regulatory approaches, select those Electronic Access to This Document: publish a timely withdrawal in the
approaches that maximize net benefits The official version of this document is Federal Register informing the public
(including potential economic, the document published in the Federal that the rule will not take effect.
environmental, public health and safety, Register. Free Internet access to the ADDRESSES: Submit your comments,
and other advantages; distributive official edition of the Federal Register identified by Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–
impacts; and equity); and the Code of Federal Regulations is OAR–2015–0041, at http://
(4) To the extent feasible, specify available via the Federal Digital System www.regulations.gov. Follow the online
performance objectives, rather than the at: www.gpo.gov/fdsys. At this site you instructions for submitting comments.
behavior or manner of compliance a can view this document, as well as all Once submitted, comments cannot be
regulated entity must adopt; and other documents of this Department edited or removed from Regulations.gov.
(5) Identify and assess available published in the Federal Register, in The EPA may publish any comment
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including economic incentives—such as (PDF). To use PDF you must have submit electronically any information
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techniques to quantify anticipated Specifically, through the advanced The written comment is considered the
present and future benefits and costs as search feature at this site, you can limit official comment and should include
accurately as possible.’’ The Office of your search to documents published by discussion of all points you wish to
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OMB has emphasized that these consider comments or comment
Dated: July 26, 2016.
techniques may include ‘‘identifying contents located outside of the primary
changing future compliance costs that Sue Swenson,
Acting Assistant Secretary for Special
submission (i.e. on the web, cloud, or
might result from technological other file sharing system). For
innovation or anticipated behavioral Education and Rehabilitative Services.
[FR Doc. 2016–18031 Filed 7–29–16; 8:45 am]
additional submission methods, the full
changes.’’ EPA public comment policy,
We are issuing these final priorities, BILLING CODE 4000–01–P
information about CBI or multimedia
requirements, and definitions only on a submissions, and general guidance on
reasoned determination that their making effective comments, please visit
benefits justify their costs. In choosing ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION http://www2.epa.gov/dockets/
among alternative regulatory AGENCY commenting-epa-dockets.
approaches, we selected those
40 CFR Part 51 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
approaches that maximize net benefits.
Souad Benromdhane, Office of Air
Based on the analysis that follows, the [EPA–HQ–OAR–2015–0041; FRL–9949–77– Quality Planning and Standards, Health
Department believes that this regulatory OAR] and Environmental Impacts Division,
action is consistent with the principles
RIN 2060–AR94 Mail Code C539–07, Environmental
in Executive Order 13563.
We also have determined that this Protection Agency, Research Triangle
Air Quality: Revision to the Regulatory Park, NC 27711; telephone: (919) 541–
regulatory action does not unduly
Definition of Volatile Organic 4359; fax number: (919) 541–5315;
interfere with State, local, and tribal
Compounds—Exclusion of 1,1,2,2- email address: benromdhane.souad@
governments in the exercise of their
Tetrafluoro-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) epa.gov.
governmental functions.
In accordance with both Executive Ethane (HFE-347pcf2)
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
orders, the Department has assessed the AGENCY: Environmental Protection Table of Contents
potential costs and benefits, both Agency (EPA).
quantitative and qualitative, of this ACTION: Direct final rule. I. Why is the EPA using a direct final rule?
regulatory action. The potential costs II. Does this action apply to me?
are those resulting from statutory SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection III. Background
Agency (EPA) is taking direct final A. The EPA’s VOC Exemption Policy
requirements and those we have B. Petition To List HFE-347pcf2 as an
determined as necessary for action to revise the regulatory definition Exempt Compound
administering the Department’s of volatile organic compounds (VOC) IV. The EPA’s Assessment of the Petition
programs and activities. under the Clean Air Act (CAA). This A. Contribution to Tropospheric Ozone
Intergovernmental Review: This direct final action adds 1,1,2,2- Formation
competition is subject to Executive Tetrafluoro-1-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) B. Contribution to Stratospheric Ozone
sradovich on DSK3GMQ082PROD with RULES
Order 12372 and the regulations in 34 ethane (also known as HFE-347pcf2; Depletion
CFR part 79. However, under 34 CFR CAS number 406–78–0) to the list of C. Toxicity
compounds excluded from the D. Contribution to Climate Change
79.8(a), we waive intergovernmental E. Conclusions
review in order to make an award by the regulatory definition of VOC on the V. Direct Final Action
end of FY 2016. basis that this compound makes a VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
Accessible Format: Individuals with negligible contribution to tropospheric A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory
disabilities can obtain this document in ozone (O3) formation. Planning and Review and Executive
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[A] comparison to ethane on a mass basis (2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy) ethane (HFE- To address the potential for
strikes the right balance between a threshold 347pcf2; CAS number 406–78–0) be stratospheric O3 impacts, the petitioner
that is low enough to capture compounds exempted from the regulatory definition contended that, given the atmospheric
that significantly affect ozone concentrations
and a threshold that is high enough to
of VOC. The petition was based on the lifetime of HFE-347pcf2 and that it does
exempt some compounds that may usefully argument that HFE-347pcf2 has low not contain chlorine or bromine, it is
substitute for more highly reactive reactivity relative to ethane. The not expected to contribute to the
compounds. petitioner indicated that HFE-347pcf2 depletion of the stratospheric O3 layer.
When reviewing compounds that have may be used in a variety of applications
been suggested for VOC-exempt status, EPA as a precision cleaning agent to remove IV. The EPA’s Assessment of the
will continue to compare them to ethane contaminants including oil, flux, and Petition
using kOH expressed on a molar basis and
fingerprints from items like medical The EPA is taking direct final action
MIR values expressed on a mass basis.
devices, artificial implants, crucial to respond to the petition by exempting
The 2005 Interim Guidance also noted military and aerospace items, electric HFE-347pcf2 from the regulatory
that concerns have sometimes been components, printed circuit boards, definition of VOC. This action is based
raised about the potential impact of a optics, jewelry, ball bearings, aircraft on consideration of the compound’s low
VOC exemption on environmental guidance systems, film, relays, and a
endpoints other than O3 concentrations, contribution to tropospheric O3 and the
variety of metal components, among low likelihood of risk to human health
including fine particle formation, air others.
toxics exposures, stratospheric O3 or the environment. In this case, the
To support its petition, AGC EPA considered issues of contribution
depletion, and climate change. The EPA
Chemicals America, Inc. referenced to stratospheric O3 depletion, toxicity,
has recognized, however, that there are
several documents, including two peer- and climate change. Additional
existing regulatory and non-regulatory
reviewed journal articles on HFE- information on these topics is provided
programs that are specifically designed
to address these issues, and the EPA 347pcf2’s reaction rates (Tokuhashi et in the following sections.
continues to believe in general that the al., 2000; Pitts et al, 1983). In 2014, AGC
provided a supplemental technical A. Contribution to Tropospheric Ozone
impacts of VOC exemptions on Formation
environmental endpoints other than O3 report on the maximum incremental
formation will be adequately addressed reactivity of HFE-347pcf2 (Carter, 2014). The reaction rate of HFE-347pcf2 with
by these programs. The VOC exemption According to this report, the maximum the OH radical (kOH) has been measured
policy is intended to facilitate incremental reactivity of HFE-347pcf2 to be 9.16 × 10¥15 cm3/molecule-sec
attainment of the O3 NAAQS. In general, ranges between 0.0007 g O3/g HFE- (Tokuhashi et al., 2000); other reactions
VOC exemption decisions will continue 347pcf2 (best estimate) and 0.0013 g with O3 and the nitrate radical were
to be based solely on consideration of a O3/g HFE-347pcf2 (high reactivity negligibly small. The corresponding
compound’s contribution to O3 estimate) on the mass-based MIR scale. reaction rate of ethane with OH is 2.4 ×
formation. However, if the EPA This reactivity rate is much lower than 10¥13 cm3/molecule-sec (Atkinson et
determines that a particular VOC that of ethane (0.28 g O3/g ethane), the al., 2006).
exemption is likely to result in a compound that the EPA has used for
comparison to define ‘‘negligible’’ O3 The overall atmospheric reactivity of
significant increase in the use of a HFE-347pcf2 was not studied in an
compound and that the increased use reactivity for the purpose of exempting
compounds from the regulatory experimental smog chamber, but the
would pose a significant risk to human chemical mechanism derived from other
health or the environment that would definition of VOC. The rate constant for
the gas-phase reaction of OH radicals chamber studies (Carter, 2011) was used
not be addressed adequately by existing to model the complete formation of O3
programs or policies, then the EPA may with HFE-347pcf2 (kOH) has been
measured to be 9.16 × 10¥15 cm3/ for an entire single day under realistic
exercise its judgment accordingly in atmospheric conditions (Carter, 2014).
deciding whether to grant an exemption. molecule-sec at ∼298 K (Pitts et al.,
1983, Tokuhashi et al., 2000). Based on In 2014, Carter calculated a MIR value
B. Petition To List HFE-347pcf2 as an the measured reactivity rate of HFE- of 0.0007 to 0.0013 g O3/g VOC for HFE-
Exempt Compound 347pcf2 (Pitts et al., 1983), HFE-347pcf2 347pcf2 for ‘‘averaged conditions,’’
Asahi Glass Company, AGC has a smaller kOH than ethane (kOH of versus 0.28 g O3/g VOC for ethane.
Chemicals America, Inc. submitted a ethane = 2.4 × 10¥13 cm3/molecule-sec Table 1 presents the three reactivity
petition to the EPA on February 5, 2007, at ∼298 K) and, therefore, is less reactive metrics for HFE-347pcf2 as they
requesting that 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1- than ethane. compare to ethane.
TABLE 1—REACTIVITIES OF ETHANE AND HFE-347pcf2
Maximum Maximum
kOH incremental incremental
Compound (cm3/molecule-sec) reactivity (MIR) reactivity (MIR)
(g O3/mole VOC) (g O3/g VOC)
Ethane .................................................................................................................. 2.4 × 10¥13 8.4 0.28
HFE-347pcf2 ........................................................................................................ 9.16 × 10¥15 0.14–0.26 0.0007–0.0013
Notes:
sradovich on DSK3GMQ082PROD with RULES
1. kOH value at 298 K for ethane is from Atkinson et al., 2006 (page 3626).
2. kOH value at 298 K for HFE-347pcf2 is from Tokuhashi, 2000.
3. Mass-based MIR value (g O3/g VOC) of ethane is from Carter, 2011.
4. Mass-based MIR value (g O3/g VOC) of HFE-347pcf2 is from a supplemental report by Carter, 2014.
5. Molar-based MIR (g O3/mole VOC) values were calculated from the mass-based MIR (g O3/g VOC) values using the number of moles per
gram of the relevant organic compound.
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peoples, as specified in Executive Order potentials of 1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoro-1-(2,2,2- PART 51—REQUIREMENTS FOR
12898 (59 FR 7629 February 16, 1994). trifluoroethoxy) ethane (HFE-347pcf2), PREPARATION, ADOPTION, AND
This action removes HFE-347pcf2 from November 13, 2014. SUBMITTAL OF IMPLEMENTATION
the regulatory definition of VOC and IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: The PLANS
thereby relieves manufacturers, Physical Science Basis. Contribution of
distributers, and users of the compound Working Group I to the Fourth Subpart F—Procedural Requirements
from requirements to control emissions Assessment Report of the
of the compound. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ■ 1. The authority citation for part 51,
Change [Solomon, S., D. Qin, M. subpart F, continues to read as follows:
K. Congressional Review Act (CRA) Manning, Z. Chen, M. Marquis, K. B. Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401, 7411, 7412,
This action is subject to the CRA, and Averyt, M. Tignor and H. L. Miller 7413, 7414, 7470–7479, 7501–7508, 7601,
the EPA will submit a rule report to (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, and 7602.
each House of the Congress and to the Cambridge, United Kingdom and New ■ 2. Section 51.100 is amended by
Comptroller General of the United York, NY, USA, 996 pp. revising the introductory text of
States. This action is not a ‘‘major rule’’ IPCC, 2013: Climate Change 2013: The paragraph (s)(1) to read as follows:
as defined by 5 U.S.C. 804(2). Physical Science Basis. Contribution of
Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment § 51.100 Definitions.
L. Judicial Review Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on * * * * *
Under section 307(b)(1) of the CAA, Climate Change [Stocker, T. F., D. Qin, (s)(1) This includes any such organic
petitions for judicial review of this G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S. K. Allen, J. compound other than the following,
action must be filed in the United States Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and which have been determined to have
Court of Appeals for the District of P. M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge negligible photochemical reactivity:
Columbia Circuit Court within 60 days University Press, Cambridge, United Methane; ethane; methylene chloride
from the date the final action is Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 1535 (dichloromethane); 1,1,1-trichloroethane
published in the Federal Register. pp. (methyl chloroform); 1,1,2-trichloro-
Filing a petition for review by the Pitts, J. N. Jr., Winer, A. M., Aschmann, S. 1,2,2-trifluoroethane (CFC-113);
Administrator of this final action does M., Carter, W. P. L., and Atkinson, K. trichlorofluoromethane (CFC-11);
not affect the finality of this action for (1983), Experimental Protocol for dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12);
the purposes of judicial review nor does Determining Hydroxyl Radical Reaction chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22);
it extend the time within which a Rate Constants Environmental Science trifluoromethane (HFC-23); 1,2-dichloro
petition for judicial review must be Research Laboratory, ORD, USEPA. 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (CFC-114);
filed, and shall not postpone the EPA600/3–82–038. chloropentafluoroethane (CFC-115);
effectiveness of such action. Thus, any Tokuhashi, K., Takahashi, A., Kaise, M., 1,1,1-trifluoro 2,2-dichloroethane
Kondo, K., Sekiya, A., Yamashita, S., and (HCFC-123); 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
petitions for review of this action
Ito, H., (2000), Rate Constants for the (HFC-134a); 1,1-dichloro 1-fluoroethane
related to the exemption of HFE-347pcf2
Reactions of OH Radicals with (HCFC-141b); 1-chloro 1,1-
from the regulatory definition of VOC
CH3OCF2CHF2, CHF2OCH2CF2CHF2, difluoroethane (HCFC-142b); 2-chloro-
must be filed in the Court of Appeals for
CHF2OCH2CF2CF3, and 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HCFC-124);
the District of Columbia Circuit within CF3CH2OCF2CHF2 over the Temperature
60 days from the date final action is pentafluoroethane (HFC-125); 1,1,2,2-
Range 250–430 K. J. Phys. Chem. Kinet tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134); 1,1,1-
published in the Federal Register. A, 2000, V 104, N 6, 17 February, 2000. trifluoroethane (HFC-143a); 1,1-
References UNEP (2002), Montreal Protocol on
difluoroethane (HFC-152a);
Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer:
Atkinson, R., Baulch, D. L., Cox, R. A., parachlorobenzotrifluoride (PCBTF);
2002 Report of the Solvents, Coatings,
Crowley, J. N., Hampson, Jr., R. F., cyclic, branched, or linear completely
Hynes, R. G., Jenkin, M. E., Kerr, J. A., and Adhesives Technical Options
methylated siloxanes; acetone;
Rossi, M. J., and Troe, J. (2006) Evaluated Committee, Assessment Report, 2002.
perchloroethylene (tetrachloroethylene);
kinetic and photochemical data for UNEP Technology and Economic Assessment
3,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2,2-
atmospheric chemistry: Volume II—gas Panel, UNEP/TEAP, (2005), Montreal
Protocol on Substances that Deplete the
pentafluoropropane (HCFC-225ca); 1,3-
phase reactions of organic species.
Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6: 3625–4055. Ozone Layer, Progress Report, May 2005.
dichloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane
Carter, W. P. L. (1994) Development of ozone USEPA, (USEPA/SNAP), (2004), The U.S. (HCFC-225cb); 1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,5-
reactivity scales for volatile organic Solvents Cleaning Industry and the decafluoropentane (HFC 43-10mee);
compounds. J. Air Waste Manage, 44: Transition to Non Ozone Depleting difluoromethane (HFC-32); ethylfluoride
881–899. Substances, September 2004. (HFC-161); 1,1,1,3,3,3-
Carter, W. P. L. (2008) Reactivity Estimates hexafluoropropane (HFC-236fa);
for Selected Consumer Product List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 51 1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-
Compounds, Final Report to California 245ca); 1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoropropane
Air Resources Board Contract No. 06– Environmental protection,
408, February 19, 2008. http://
(HFC-245ea); 1,1,1,2,3-
Administrative practice and procedure, pentafluoropropane (HFC-245eb);
www.arb.ca.gov/research/reactivity/ Air pollution control, Ozone, Reporting
consumer_products.pdf. 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-
Carter, W. P. L. (2011) SAPRC Atmospheric
and recordkeeping requirements, 245fa); 1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoropropane
Chemical Mechanisms and VOC Volatile organic compounds. (HFC-236ea); 1,1,1,3,3-
Reactivity Scales, Web page at http:// Dated: July 20, 2016. pentafluorobutane (HFC-365mfc);
sradovich on DSK3GMQ082PROD with RULES
www.engr.ucr.edu/∼carter/SAPRC/ Last chlorofluoromethane (HCFC-31); 1
Gina McCarthy,
updated in Sept. 14, 2013. Tables of chloro-1-fluoroethane (HCFC-151a); 1,2-
Maximum Incremental Reactivity (MIR) Administrator.
Values available at http://
dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethane (HCFC-
www.arb.ca.gov/regact/2009/mir2009/ For reasons stated in the preamble, 123a); 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-4-
mir2009.htm. May 11, 2011. part 51 of chapter I of title 40 of the methoxy-butane (C4F9OCH3 or HFE-
Carter, W. P. L. (2014) Estimating the ground- Code of Federal Regulations is amended 7100); 2-(difluoromethoxymethyl)-
level atmospheric ozone formation as follows: 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane
VerDate Sep<11>2014 17:30 Jul 29, 2016 Jkt 238001 PO 00000 Frm 00053 Fmt 4700 Sfmt 4700 E:\FR\FM\01AUR1.SGM 01AUR1](https://thefederalregister.org/doc/81_FR_50477/page/6.svg)
![50336 Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 147 / Monday, August 1, 2016 / Rules and Regulations
((CF3)2CFCF2OCH3); 1-ethoxy- direct final rule in the Federal Register authorities information that should
1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-nonafluorobutane and inform the public that the rule will assist them in determining RACT for
(C4F9OC2H5 or HFE-7200); 2- not take effect. VOCs from various sources of fiberglass
(ethoxydifluoromethyl)-1,1,1,2,3,3,3- ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, boat manufacturing. EPA has not
heptafluoropropane identified by Docket ID No. EPA–R03– published a previous CTG for fiberglass
((CF3)2CFCF2OC2H5); methyl acetate; OAR–2016–0304 at http:// boat manufacturing materials, but did
1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-3-methoxy- www.regulations.gov, or via email to publish an assessment of VOC
propane (n-C3F7OCH3, HFE-7000); 3- fernandez.cristina@epa.gov. For emissions from fiberglass boat
ethoxy-1,1,1,2,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,6- comments submitted at Regulations.gov, manufacturing in 1990. The 1990
dodecafluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl) hexane follow the online instructions for assessment defined the nature and
(HFE-7500); 1,1,1,2,3,3,3- submitting comments. Once submitted, scope of VOC emissions from fiberglass
heptafluoropropane (HFC 227ea); comments cannot be edited or removed boat manufacturing, characterized the
methyl formate (HCOOCH3); from Regulations.gov. For either manner industry, estimated per plant and
1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5-decafluoro-3- of submission, the EPA may publish any national VOC emissions, and identified
methoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-pentane comment received to its public docket. and evaluated potential control options.
(HFE-7300); propylene carbonate; Do not submit electronically any In 2001, EPA promulgated the National
dimethyl carbonate; trans-1,3,3,3- information you consider to be Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
tetrafluoropropene; HCF2OCF2H (HFE- confidential business information (CBI) Pollutants for Boat Manufacturing, 40
134); HCF2OCF2OCF2H (HFE-236cal2); or other information whose disclosure is CFR part 63, subpart VVVV (2001
HCF2OCF2CF2OCF2H (HFE-338pcc13); restricted by statute. Multimedia NESHAP). The 2001 NESHAP
HCF2OCF2OCF2CF2OCF2H (H-Galden submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be established organic hazardous air
1040x or H-Galden ZT 130 (or 150 or accompanied by a written comment. pollutant (HAP) emissions limits based
180)); trans 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop- The written comment is considered the on low-HAP resins and gel coats and
1-ene; 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene; 2- official comment and should include low-emitting resin application
amino-2-methyl-1-propanol; t-butyl discussion of all points you wish to technology. Several of the air pollution
acetate; 1,1,2,2- Tetrafluoro -1-(2,2,2- make. EPA will generally not consider control districts in California have
trifluoroethoxy) ethane; and comments or comment contents located specific regulations that control VOC
perfluorocarbon compounds which fall outside of the primary submission (i.e. emissions from fiberglass boat
into these classes: on the web, cloud, or other file sharing manufacturing operations as part of
* * * * * system). For additional submission their regulations for limiting VOC
[FR Doc. 2016–17789 Filed 7–29–16; 8:45 am] methods, please contact the person emissions from polyester resin
BILLING CODE 6560–50–P identified in the FOR FURTHER operations. Several other states also
have regulations that address VOC
INFORMATION CONTACT section. For the
emissions from fiberglass boat
full EPA public comment policy,
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION manufacturing as part of polyester resin
information about CBI or multimedia
AGENCY operations. After reviewing the 1990
submissions, and general guidance on
VOC assessment, the 2001 NESHAP,
making effective comments, please visit
40 CFR Part 52 and existing California district and other
http://www2.epa.gov/dockets/
state VOC emission reduction
[EPA–R03–OAR–2016–0304; FRL–9949–72– commenting-epa-dockets.
Region 3]
approaches, and after considering
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: information obtained since the issuance
Gavin Huang, (215) 814–2042, or by of the 2001 NESHAP, EPA developed a
Approval and Promulgation of Air
email at huang.gavin@epa.gov. CTG entitled Control Techniques
Quality Implementation Plans;
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Guidelines for Fiberglass Boat
Maryland; Control of Volatile Organic
Compounds Emissions From I. Background Manufacturing Materials (Publication
Fiberglass Boat Manufacturing No. EPA 453/R–08–004; September
Section 172(c)(1) of the CAA provides 2008).
Materials
that SIPs for nonattainment areas must The CTG for fiberglass boat
AGENCY: Environmental Protection include reasonably available control manufacturing materials provides
Agency (EPA). measures (RACM), including reasonably control recommendations for reducing
ACTION: Direct final rule. available control technology (RACT), for VOC emissions from the use of gel coats,
sources of emissions. Additionally, resins, and materials used to clean
SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Maryland is in the Ozone Transport application equipment in fiberglass boat
Agency (EPA) is taking direct final Region (OTR) established under section manufacturing operations. This CTG
action to approve a state 184(a) of the CAA. Pursuant to section applies to facilities that manufacture
implementation plan (SIP) revision 184(b)(1)(B) of the CAA, all areas in the hulls or decks of boats from fiberglass or
submitted by the State of Maryland. OTR must submit SIP revisions that build molds to make fiberglass boat
This revision pertains to Maryland’s include implementation of RACT with hulls or decks. EPA’s 2008 CTG
adoption of the requirements in EPA’s respect to all sources of VOCs in the recommends that the following
control technique guidelines (CTG) for states covered by a CTG. See CAA operations should be covered: Open
fiberglass boat manufacturing materials. section 184(b)(1). EPA defines RACT as molding resin and gel coat operations
This action is being taken under the ‘‘the lowest emission limitation that a (these include pigmented gel coat, clear
sradovich on DSK3GMQ082PROD with RULES
Clean Air Act (CAA). particular source is capable of meeting gel coat, production resin, tooling gel
DATES: This rule is effective on by the application of control technology coat, and tooling resin); resin and gel
September 30, 2016 without further that is reasonably available considering coat mixing operations; and resin and
notice, unless EPA receives adverse technological and economic feasibility.’’ gel coat application equipment cleaning
written comment by August 31, 2016. If 44 FR 53761 (September 17, 1979). operations.
EPA receives such comments, it will CTGs are intended to provide state EPA’s 2008 CTG recommends the
publish a timely withdrawal of the and local air pollution control following VOC reduction measures:
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Document Created: 2016-07-30 06:25:52
Document Modified: 2016-07-30 06:25:52
| Category | Regulatory Information | |
| Collection | Federal Register | |
| sudoc Class | AE 2.7: GS 4.107: AE 2.106: | |
| Publisher | Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration | |
| Section | Rules and Regulations | |
| Action | Direct final rule. | |
| Dates | This rule is effective on September 30, 2016 without further notice, unless the EPA receives adverse comment by August 31, 2016. If the EPA receives adverse comment, we will publish a timely withdrawal in the Federal Register informing the public that the rule will not take effect. | |
| Contact | Souad Benromdhane, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Health and Environmental Impacts Division, Mail Code C539-07, Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; telephone: (919) 541-4359; fax number: (919) | |
| FR Citation | 81 FR 50330 | |
| RIN Number | 2060-AR94 | |
| CFR Associated | Environmental Protection; Administrative Practice and Procedure; Air Pollution Control; Ozone; Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements and Volatile Organic Compounds |
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