81_FR_60865 81 FR 60694 - Alternative Method for Calculating Off-cycle Credits Under the Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Program: Applications From BMW Group, Ford Motor Company, General Motors Corporation, and Volkswagen Group of America

81 FR 60694 - Alternative Method for Calculating Off-cycle Credits Under the Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Program: Applications From BMW Group, Ford Motor Company, General Motors Corporation, and Volkswagen Group of America

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

Federal Register Volume 81, Issue 171 (September 2, 2016)

Page Range60694-60697
FR Document2016-21217

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is requesting comment on applications from BMW of North American (BMW), Ford Motor Company (Ford), General Motors Corporation (GM), and Volkswagen Group of America (VW) for off-cycle carbon dioxide (CO<INF>2</INF>) credits under EPA's light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas emissions standards. ``Off-cycle'' emission reductions can be achieved by employing technologies that result in real-world benefits, but where that benefit is not adequately captured on the test procedures used by manufacturers to demonstrate compliance with emission standards. EPA's light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas program acknowledges these benefits by giving automobile manufacturers several options for generating ``off-cycle'' carbon dioxide (CO<INF>2</INF>) credits. Under the regulations, a manufacturer may apply for CO<INF>2</INF> credits for off-cycle technologies that result in off-cycle benefits. In these cases, a manufacturer must provide EPA with a proposed methodology for determining the real-world off-cycle benefit. These four manufacturers have submitted applications that describe methodologies for determining off-cycle credits. The off-cycle technologies vary by manufacturer and include active aerodynamics systems, active cabin ventilation, active seat ventilation, solar reflective glass/glazing, solar reflective surface coating (paint), active engine warmup, active transmission warmup, engine idle stop-start systems, and high efficiency lighting. Pursuant to applicable regulations, EPA is making descriptions of each manufacturer's off-cycle credit calculation methodologies available for public comment.

Federal Register, Volume 81 Issue 171 (Friday, September 2, 2016)
[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 171 (Friday, September 2, 2016)]
[Notices]
[Pages 60694-60697]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2016-21217]


=======================================================================
-----------------------------------------------------------------------

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

[FRL-9951-82-OAR]


Alternative Method for Calculating Off-cycle Credits Under the 
Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Program: Applications From 
BMW Group, Ford Motor Company, General Motors Corporation, and 
Volkswagen Group of America

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Notice.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is requesting 
comment on applications from BMW of North American (BMW), Ford Motor 
Company (Ford), General Motors Corporation (GM), and Volkswagen Group 
of America (VW) for off-cycle carbon dioxide (CO2) credits 
under EPA's light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas emissions standards. 
``Off-cycle'' emission reductions can be achieved by employing 
technologies that result in real-world benefits, but where that benefit 
is not adequately captured on the test procedures used by manufacturers 
to demonstrate compliance with emission standards. EPA's light-duty 
vehicle greenhouse gas program acknowledges these benefits by giving 
automobile manufacturers several options for generating ``off-cycle'' 
carbon dioxide (CO2) credits. Under the regulations, a 
manufacturer may apply for CO2 credits for off-cycle 
technologies that result in off-cycle benefits. In these cases, a 
manufacturer must provide EPA with a proposed methodology for 
determining the real-world off-cycle benefit. These four manufacturers 
have submitted applications that describe methodologies for determining 
off-cycle credits. The off-cycle technologies vary by manufacturer and 
include active aerodynamics systems, active cabin ventilation, active 
seat ventilation, solar reflective glass/glazing, solar reflective 
surface coating (paint), active engine warmup, active transmission 
warmup, engine idle stop-start systems, and high efficiency lighting. 
Pursuant to applicable regulations, EPA is making descriptions of each 
manufacturer's off-cycle credit calculation methodologies available for 
public comment.

DATES: Comments must be received on or before October 3, 2016.

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-HQ- 
OAR-2016-0503, to the Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the online instructions for submitting 
comments. Once submitted, comments cannot be edited or withdrawn. The 
EPA may publish any comment received to its public docket. Do not 
submit electronically any information you consider to be Confidential 
Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is 
restricted by statute. Multimedia submissions (audio, video, etc.) must 
be accompanied by a written comment. The written comment is considered 
the official comment and should include discussion of all points you 
wish to make. The EPA will generally not consider comments or comment 
contents located outside of the primary submission (i.e. on the web, 
cloud, or other file sharing system). For additional submission 
methods, the full EPA public comment policy, information about CBI or 
multimedia submissions, and general guidance on making effective 
comments, please visit http://www2.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-epa-dockets.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Roberts French, Environmental 
Protection Specialist, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, 
Compliance Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000 
Traverwood Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. Telephone: (734) 214-4380. Fax: 
(734) 214-4869. Email address: [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. Background

    EPA's light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas (GHG) program provides 
three pathways by which a manufacturer may accrue off-cycle carbon 
dioxide (CO2) credits for those technologies that achieve 
CO2 reductions in the real world but where those reductions 
are not adequately captured on the test used to determine compliance 
with the CO2 standards, and which are not otherwise 
reflected in the standards' stringency. The first pathway is a 
predetermined list of credit values for specific off-cycle technologies 
that may be used beginning in model year 2014.\1\ This pathway allows 
manufacturers to use conservative credit values established by EPA for 
a wide range of technologies, with minimal data submittal or testing 
requirements, as long as the technologies meet EPA regulatory 
definitions. In cases where the off-cycle technology is not on the menu 
but additional laboratory testing can demonstrate emission benefits, a 
second pathway allows manufacturers to use a broader array of emission 
tests (known as ``5-cycle'' testing because the

[[Page 60695]]

methodology uses five different testing procedures) to demonstrate and 
justify off-cycle CO2 credits.\2\ The additional emission 
tests allow emission benefits to be demonstrated over some elements of 
real-world driving not adequately captured by the GHG compliance tests, 
including high speeds, hard accelerations, and cold temperatures. These 
first two methodologies were completely defined through notice and 
comment rulemaking and therefore no additional process is necessary for 
manufacturers to use these methods. The third and last pathway allows 
manufacturers to seek EPA approval to use an alternative methodology 
for determining the off-cycle CO2 credits.\3\ This option is 
only available if the benefit of the technology cannot be adequately 
demonstrated using the 5-cycle methodology. Manufacturers may also use 
this option for model years prior to 2014 to demonstrate off-cycle 
CO2 reductions for technologies that are on the 
predetermined list, or to demonstrate reductions that exceed those 
available via use of the predetermined list.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ See 40 CFR 86.1869-12(b).
    \2\ See 40 CFR 86.1869-12(c).
    \3\ See 40 CFR 86.1869-12(d).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Under the regulations, a manufacturer seeking to demonstrate off-
cycle credits with an alternative methodology (i.e., under the third 
pathway described above) must describe a methodology that meets the 
following criteria:
     Use modeling, on-road testing, on-road data collection, or 
other approved analytical or engineering methods;
     Be robust, verifiable, and capable of demonstrating the 
real-world emissions benefit with strong statistical significance;
     Result in a demonstration of baseline and controlled 
emissions over a wide range of driving conditions and number of 
vehicles such that issues of data uncertainty are minimized;
     Result in data on a model type basis unless the 
manufacturer demonstrates that another basis is appropriate and 
adequate.
    Further, the regulations specify the following requirements 
regarding an application for off-cycle CO2 credits:
     A manufacturer requesting off-cycle credits must develop a 
methodology for demonstrating and determining the benefit of the off-
cycle technology, and carry out any necessary testing and analysis 
required to support that methodology.
     A manufacturer requesting off-cycle credits must conduct 
testing and/or prepare engineering analyses that demonstrate the in-use 
durability of the technology for the full useful life of the vehicle.
     The application must contain a detailed description of the 
off-cycle technology and how it functions to reduce CO2 
emissions under conditions not represented on the compliance tests.
     The application must contain a list of the vehicle 
model(s) which will be equipped with the technology.
     The application must contain a detailed description of the 
test vehicles selected and an engineering analysis that supports the 
selection of those vehicles for testing.
     The application must contain all testing and/or simulation 
data required under the regulations, plus any other data the 
manufacturer has considered in the analysis.
    Finally, the alternative methodology must be approved by EPA prior 
to the manufacturer using it to generate credits. As part of the review 
process defined by regulation, the alternative methodology submitted to 
EPA for consideration must be made available for public comment.\4\ EPA 
will consider public comments as part of its final decision to approve 
or deny the request for off-cycle credits.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \4\ See 40 CFR 86.1869-12(d)(2).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

II. Off-Cycle Credit Applications

A. BMW of North America

    Using the alternative methodology approach discussed above, BMW of 
North America (BMW) is applying for credits for model years prior to 
2014, and thus prior to when the list of default credits became 
available. BMW has applied for off-cycle credits using the alternative 
demonstration methodology pathway for the following technologies: high 
efficiency exterior lighting, solar reflective glass/glazing, active 
seat ventilation, active cabin ventilation, and active engine warmup. 
With the exception of active cabin ventilation, EPA has already 
approved credits for these technologies for model years prior to 
2014.\5\ BMW's request is consistent with previously approved 
methodologies and credits. The application covers 2009-2013 model year 
vehicles. All of these technologies are described in the predetermined 
list of credits available in the 2014 and later model years. The 
methodologies described by BMW are consistent with those used by EPA to 
establish the predetermined list of credits in the regulations, and 
would result in the same credit values as described in the regulations. 
The magnitude of these credits is determined by specification or 
calculations in the regulations based on vehicle-specific measurements 
(e.g., the area of glass or the lighting locations using the specified 
technologies), but would be no higher than the following established 
regulatory values:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \5\ ``EPA Decision Document: Off-cycle Credits for Fiat Chrysler 
Automobiles, Ford Motor Company, and General Motors Corporation.'' 
Compliance Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency. EPA-420-R-15-014, September 2015.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          Off-cycle         Off-cycle
             Technology                 credit--cars     credit--trucks
                                        (grams/mile)      (grams/mile)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
High efficiency lighting............               1.0               1.0
Solar reflective glass/glazing......               2.9               3.9
Active seat ventilation.............               1.0               1.3
Active cabin ventilation............               2.1               2.8
Active engine warmup................               1.5               3.2
------------------------------------------------------------------------

B. Ford Motor Company

    Using the alternative methodology approach discussed above, Ford 
Motor Company (Ford) is applying for credits for model years prior to 
2014, and thus prior to when the list of default credits became 
available. Ford has applied for off-cycle credits using the alternative 
demonstration methodology pathway for the following technologies: high 
efficiency exterior lighting, active seat ventilation, active 
aerodynamics, active transmission warmup, active engine warmup, and 
engine idle stop-start systems. EPA has already approved credits for 
these technologies for the 2012 and 2013 model years for Ford, and for 
some of these technologies for Fiat Chrysler for the 2009-2013 model 
years.\6\ Ford's request is consistent with

[[Page 60696]]

previously approved methodologies and credits. The application covers 
the 2009-2011 model year vehicles, model years which were inadvertently 
omitted from Ford's previous request. All of these technologies are 
described in the predetermined list of credits available in the 2014 
and later model years. The methodologies described by Ford are 
consistent with those used by EPA to establish the predetermined list 
of credits in the regulations, and would result in the same credit 
values as described in the regulations. The magnitude of these credits 
is determined by specification or calculations in the regulations based 
on vehicle-specific measurements (e.g., the area of glass or the 
lighting locations using the specified technologies), but would be no 
higher than the following established regulatory values:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \6\ ``EPA Decision Document: Off-cycle Credits for Fiat Chrysler 
Automobiles, Ford Motor Company, and General Motors Corporation.'' 
Compliance Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency. EPA-420-R-15-014, September 2015.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          Off-cycle         Off-cycle
             Technology                 credit--cars     credit--trucks
                                        (grams/mile)      (grams/mile)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
high efficiency lighting............               1.0               1.0
Active seat ventilation.............               1.0               1.3
                                     -----------------------------------
Active aerodynamics.................  Based on measured reduction in the
                                             coefficient of drag.
                                     -----------------------------------
Active transmission warm-up.........               1.5               3.2
Active engine warm-up...............               1.5               3.2
Engine idle start-stop..............               2.5               4.4
------------------------------------------------------------------------

C. General Motors Corporation

    Using the alternative methodology approach discussed above, General 
Motors Corporation (GM) is applying for credits for model years prior 
to 2014, and thus prior to when the list of default credits became 
available. GM has applied for off-cycle credits using the alternative 
demonstration methodology pathway for the following technologies: high 
efficiency exterior lighting, solar reflective glass/glazing, solar 
reflective paint, active seat ventilation, active aerodynamics, active 
engine warmup, and engine idle stop-start systems. EPA has already 
approved credits for these technologies for model years prior to 
2014.\7\ GM's request is consistent with previously approved 
methodologies and credits. The application covers the 2009-2013 model 
year vehicles. All of these technologies are described in the 
predetermined list of credits available in the 2014 and later model 
years. The methodologies described by GM are consistent with those used 
by EPA to establish the predetermined list of credits in the 
regulations, and would result in the same credit values as described in 
the regulations. The magnitude of these credits is determined by 
specification or calculations in the regulations based on vehicle-
specific measurements (e.g., the area of glass or the lighting 
locations using the specified technologies), but would be no higher 
than the following established regulatory values:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \7\ ``EPA Decision Document: Off-cycle Credits for Fiat Chrysler 
Automobiles, Ford Motor Company, and General Motors Corporation.'' 
Compliance Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency. EPA-420-R-15-014, September 2015.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          Off-cycle         Off-cycle
             Technology                 credit--cars     credit--trucks
                                        (grams/mile)      (grams/mile)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
High efficiency lighting............               1.0               1.0
Solar reflective glass/glazing......               2.9               3.9
Solar reflective paint..............               0.4               0.5
Active seat ventilation.............               1.0               1.3
                                     -----------------------------------
Active aerodynamics.................  Based on measured reduction in the
                                             coefficient of drag.
                                     -----------------------------------
Active engine warm-up...............               1.5               3.2
Engine idle start-stop..............               2.5               4.4
------------------------------------------------------------------------

D. Volkswagen of America

    Using the alternative methodology approach discussed above, 
Volkswagen of America (VW) is applying for credits for model years 
prior to 2014, and thus prior to when the list of default credits 
became available. VW has applied for off-cycle credits using the 
alternative demonstration methodology pathway for the following 
technologies: Active aerodynamics systems, active seat ventilation, 
solar reflective glass/glazing, solar reflective surface coating 
(paint), active engine warmup, active transmission warmup, engine idle 
stop-start systems, and high efficiency lighting. EPA has already 
approved credits for these technologies for model years prior to 
2014.\8\ VW's request is consistent with previously approved 
methodologies and credits. The application covers the 2012-2013 model 
year vehicles. All of these technologies are described in the 
predetermined list of credits available in the 2014 and later model 
years. The methodologies described by VW are consistent with those used 
by EPA to establish the predetermined list of credits in the 
regulations, and would result in the same credit values as described in 
the regulations. The magnitude of these

[[Page 60697]]

credits is determined by specification or calculations in the 
regulations based on vehicle-specific measurements (e.g., the area of 
glass or the lighting locations using the specified technologies), but 
would be no higher than the following established regulatory values:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \8\ ``EPA Decision Document: Off-cycle Credits for Fiat Chrysler 
Automobiles, Ford Motor Company, and General Motors Corporation.'' 
Compliance Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency. EPA-420-R-15-014, September 2015.

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          Off-cycle         Off-cycle
             Technology                 credit--cars     credit--trucks
                                        (grams/mile)      (grams/mile)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
High efficiency lighting............               1.0               1.0
Solar reflective glass/glazing......               2.9               3.9
Solar reflective paint..............               0.4               0.5
Active seat ventilation.............               1.0               1.3
                                     -----------------------------------
Active aerodynamics.................  Based on measured reduction in the
                                             coefficient of drag.
                                     -----------------------------------
Active engine warm-up...............               1.5               3.2
Active transmission warm-up.........               1.5               3.2
Engine idle start-stop..............               2.5               4.4
------------------------------------------------------------------------

III. EPA Decision Process

    EPA has reviewed the applications for completeness and is now 
making the applications available for public review and comment as 
required by the regulations. The off-cycle credit applications 
submitted by BMW, Ford, GM, and VW (with confidential business 
information redacted) have been placed in the public docket (see 
ADDRESSES section above) and on EPA's Web site at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/ld-hwy/greenhouse/ld-ghg.htm. EPA is providing a 30-day 
comment period on the applications for off-cycle credits described in 
this notice, as specified by the regulations. The manufacturers may 
submit a written rebuttal of comments for EPA's consideration, or may 
revise an application in response to comments. After reviewing any 
public comments and any rebuttal of comments submitted by 
manufacturers, EPA will make a final decision regarding the credit 
requests. EPA will make its decision available to the public by placing 
a decision document (or multiple decision documents) in the docket and 
on EPA's Web site at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/regs/ld-hwy/greenhouse/ld-ghg.htm. While the broad methodologies used by these manufacturers 
could potentially be used for other vehicles and by other 
manufacturers, the vehicle specific data needed to demonstrate the off-
cycle emissions reductions would likely be different. In such cases, a 
new application would be required, including an opportunity for public 
comment.

    Dated: August 26, 2016.
Byron J. Bunker,
Director, Compliance Division, Office of Transportation and Air 
Quality, Office of Air and Radiation.
[FR Doc. 2016-21217 Filed 9-1-16; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 6560-50-P



                                                  60694                       Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 171 / Friday, September 2, 2016 / Notices

                                                  submitted a tariff filing: RMR_WACM_                    ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION                              Once submitted, comments cannot be
                                                  LAP_CRSP_174–20160817 (Formula                          AGENCY                                                edited or withdrawn. The EPA may
                                                  Rate Adjustment for Rocky Mountain                                                                            publish any comment received to its
                                                                                                          [FRL–9951–82–OAR]
                                                  Region Transmission Service, Ancillary                                                                        public docket. Do not submit
                                                  Services, Transmission Losses, and                      Alternative Method for Calculating Off-               electronically any information you
                                                  Sales of Surplus Products—Western                       cycle Credits Under the Light-Duty                    consider to be Confidential Business
                                                  Area Power Administration—Rate Order                    Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions                      Information (CBI) or other information
                                                  No. WAPA–174), to be effective 10/1/                    Program: Applications From BMW                        whose disclosure is restricted by statute.
                                                  2016.                                                   Group, Ford Motor Company, General                    Multimedia submissions (audio, video,
                                                                                                          Motors Corporation, and Volkswagen                    etc.) must be accompanied by a written
                                                     Any person desiring to intervene or to                                                                     comment. The written comment is
                                                  protest this filing must file in                        Group of America
                                                                                                                                                                considered the official comment and
                                                  accordance with Rules 211 and 214 of                    AGENCY: Environmental Protection                      should include discussion of all points
                                                  the Commission’s Rules of Practice and                  Agency (EPA).                                         you wish to make. The EPA will
                                                  Procedure (18 CFR 385.211, 385.214).                    ACTION: Notice.                                       generally not consider comments or
                                                  Protests will be considered by the                                                                            comment contents located outside of the
                                                  Commission in determining the                           SUMMARY:   The Environmental Protection               primary submission (i.e. on the web,
                                                  appropriate action to be taken, but will                Agency (EPA) is requesting comment on                 cloud, or other file sharing system). For
                                                  not serve to make protestants parties to                applications from BMW of North                        additional submission methods, the full
                                                  the proceeding. Any person wishing to                   American (BMW), Ford Motor Company                    EPA public comment policy,
                                                  become a party must file a notice of                    (Ford), General Motors Corporation                    information about CBI or multimedia
                                                  intervention or motion to intervene, as                 (GM), and Volkswagen Group of                         submissions, and general guidance on
                                                  appropriate. Such notices, motions, or                  America (VW) for off-cycle carbon                     making effective comments, please visit
                                                  protests must be filed on or before the                 dioxide (CO2) credits under EPA’s light-              http://www2.epa.gov/dockets/
                                                  comment date. On or before the                          duty vehicle greenhouse gas emissions                 commenting-epa-dockets.
                                                  comment date, it is not necessary to                    standards. ‘‘Off-cycle’’ emission                     FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
                                                                                                          reductions can be achieved by                         Roberts French, Environmental
                                                  serve motions to intervene or protests
                                                                                                          employing technologies that result in                 Protection Specialist, Office of
                                                  on persons other than the Applicant.
                                                                                                          real-world benefits, but where that                   Transportation and Air Quality,
                                                     The Commission encourages                            benefit is not adequately captured on                 Compliance Division, U.S.
                                                  electronic submission of protests and                   the test procedures used by                           Environmental Protection Agency, 2000
                                                  interventions in lieu of paper using the                manufacturers to demonstrate                          Traverwood Drive, Ann Arbor, MI
                                                  ‘‘eFiling’’ link at http://www.ferc.gov.                compliance with emission standards.                   48105. Telephone: (734) 214–4380. Fax:
                                                  Persons unable to file electronically                   EPA’s light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas               (734) 214–4869. Email address:
                                                  should submit an original and 5 copies                  program acknowledges these benefits by                french.roberts@epa.gov.
                                                  of the protest or intervention to the                   giving automobile manufacturers several
                                                                                                                                                                SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
                                                  Federal Energy Regulatory Commission,                   options for generating ‘‘off-cycle’’
                                                  888 First Street NE., Washington, DC                    carbon dioxide (CO2) credits. Under the               I. Background
                                                  20426.                                                  regulations, a manufacturer may apply
                                                                                                                                                                   EPA’s light-duty vehicle greenhouse
                                                                                                          for CO2 credits for off-cycle technologies
                                                     This filing is accessible on-line at                                                                       gas (GHG) program provides three
                                                                                                          that result in off-cycle benefits. In these
                                                  http://www.ferc.gov, using the                                                                                pathways by which a manufacturer may
                                                                                                          cases, a manufacturer must provide EPA
                                                  ‘‘eLibrary’’ link and is available for                                                                        accrue off-cycle carbon dioxide (CO2)
                                                                                                          with a proposed methodology for
                                                  review in the Commission’s Public                                                                             credits for those technologies that
                                                                                                          determining the real-world off-cycle
                                                  Reference Room in Washington, DC.                                                                             achieve CO2 reductions in the real
                                                                                                          benefit. These four manufacturers have
                                                  There is an ‘‘eSubscription’’ link on the                                                                     world but where those reductions are
                                                                                                          submitted applications that describe
                                                  Web site that enables subscribers to                                                                          not adequately captured on the test used
                                                                                                          methodologies for determining off-cycle
                                                  receive email notification when a                                                                             to determine compliance with the CO2
                                                                                                          credits. The off-cycle technologies vary
                                                  document is added to a subscribed                                                                             standards, and which are not otherwise
                                                                                                          by manufacturer and include active
                                                  docket(s). For assistance with any FERC                                                                       reflected in the standards’ stringency.
                                                                                                          aerodynamics systems, active cabin
                                                  Online service, please email                                                                                  The first pathway is a predetermined
                                                                                                          ventilation, active seat ventilation, solar
                                                                                                                                                                list of credit values for specific off-cycle
                                                  FERCOnlineSupport@ferc.gov, or call                     reflective glass/glazing, solar reflective
                                                                                                                                                                technologies that may be used beginning
                                                  (866) 208–3676 (toll free). For TTY, call               surface coating (paint), active engine
                                                                                                                                                                in model year 2014.1 This pathway
                                                  (202) 502–8659.                                         warmup, active transmission warmup,
                                                                                                                                                                allows manufacturers to use
                                                     Comment Date: 5:00 p.m. Eastern time                 engine idle stop-start systems, and high
                                                                                                                                                                conservative credit values established
                                                  on September 16, 2016.                                  efficiency lighting. Pursuant to
                                                                                                                                                                by EPA for a wide range of technologies,
                                                                                                          applicable regulations, EPA is making
                                                    Dated: August 26, 2016.                                                                                     with minimal data submittal or testing
                                                                                                          descriptions of each manufacturer’s off-
                                                                                                                                                                requirements, as long as the
                                                  Kimberly D. Bose,                                       cycle credit calculation methodologies
                                                                                                                                                                technologies meet EPA regulatory
                                                  Secretary.                                              available for public comment.
                                                                                                                                                                definitions. In cases where the off-cycle
                                                  [FR Doc. 2016–21171 Filed 9–1–16; 8:45 am]              DATES: Comments must be received on
mstockstill on DSK3G9T082PROD with NOTICES




                                                                                                                                                                technology is not on the menu but
                                                  BILLING CODE 6717–01–P                                  or before October 3, 2016.                            additional laboratory testing can
                                                                                                          ADDRESSES: Submit your comments,                      demonstrate emission benefits, a second
                                                                                                          identified by Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–                   pathway allows manufacturers to use a
                                                                                                          OAR–2016–0503, to the Federal                         broader array of emission tests (known
                                                                                                          eRulemaking Portal: http://                           as ‘‘5-cycle’’ testing because the
                                                                                                          www.regulations.gov. Follow the online
                                                                                                          instructions for submitting comments.                   1 See   40 CFR 86.1869–12(b).



                                             VerDate Sep<11>2014   18:25 Sep 01, 2016   Jkt 238001   PO 00000   Frm 00026   Fmt 4703   Sfmt 4703   E:\FR\FM\02SEN1.SGM    02SEN1


                                                                                        Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 171 / Friday, September 2, 2016 / Notices                                                                              60695

                                                  methodology uses five different testing                                  number of vehicles such that issues of                                    consideration must be made available
                                                  procedures) to demonstrate and justify                                   data uncertainty are minimized;                                           for public comment.4 EPA will consider
                                                  off-cycle CO2 credits.2 The additional                                     • Result in data on a model type basis                                  public comments as part of its final
                                                  emission tests allow emission benefits                                   unless the manufacturer demonstrates                                      decision to approve or deny the request
                                                  to be demonstrated over some elements                                    that another basis is appropriate and                                     for off-cycle credits.
                                                  of real-world driving not adequately                                     adequate.
                                                                                                                             Further, the regulations specify the                                    II. Off-Cycle Credit Applications
                                                  captured by the GHG compliance tests,
                                                  including high speeds, hard                                              following requirements regarding an                                       A. BMW of North America
                                                  accelerations, and cold temperatures.                                    application for off-cycle CO2 credits:
                                                                                                                             • A manufacturer requesting off-cycle                                      Using the alternative methodology
                                                  These first two methodologies were
                                                                                                                           credits must develop a methodology for                                    approach discussed above, BMW of
                                                  completely defined through notice and
                                                                                                                           demonstrating and determining the                                         North America (BMW) is applying for
                                                  comment rulemaking and therefore no
                                                                                                                           benefit of the off-cycle technology, and                                  credits for model years prior to 2014,
                                                  additional process is necessary for
                                                                                                                           carry out any necessary testing and                                       and thus prior to when the list of default
                                                  manufacturers to use these methods.
                                                                                                                           analysis required to support that                                         credits became available. BMW has
                                                  The third and last pathway allows
                                                                                                                           methodology.                                                              applied for off-cycle credits using the
                                                  manufacturers to seek EPA approval to
                                                                                                                             • A manufacturer requesting off-cycle                                   alternative demonstration methodology
                                                  use an alternative methodology for
                                                                                                                           credits must conduct testing and/or                                       pathway for the following technologies:
                                                  determining the off-cycle CO2 credits.3
                                                                                                                           prepare engineering analyses that                                         high efficiency exterior lighting, solar
                                                  This option is only available if the
                                                                                                                           demonstrate the in-use durability of the                                  reflective glass/glazing, active seat
                                                  benefit of the technology cannot be
                                                                                                                           technology for the full useful life of the                                ventilation, active cabin ventilation, and
                                                  adequately demonstrated using the 5-
                                                                                                                           vehicle.                                                                  active engine warmup. With the
                                                  cycle methodology. Manufacturers may
                                                  also use this option for model years                                       • The application must contain a                                        exception of active cabin ventilation,
                                                                                                                           detailed description of the off-cycle                                     EPA has already approved credits for
                                                  prior to 2014 to demonstrate off-cycle
                                                                                                                           technology and how it functions to                                        these technologies for model years prior
                                                  CO2 reductions for technologies that are
                                                                                                                           reduce CO2 emissions under conditions                                     to 2014.5 BMW’s request is consistent
                                                  on the predetermined list, or to
                                                                                                                           not represented on the compliance tests.                                  with previously approved
                                                  demonstrate reductions that exceed
                                                  those available via use of the                                             • The application must contain a list                                   methodologies and credits. The
                                                                                                                           of the vehicle model(s) which will be                                     application covers 2009–2013 model
                                                  predetermined list.
                                                                                                                           equipped with the technology.                                             year vehicles. All of these technologies
                                                    Under the regulations, a manufacturer
                                                                                                                             • The application must contain a                                        are described in the predetermined list
                                                  seeking to demonstrate off-cycle credits                                                                                                           of credits available in the 2014 and later
                                                                                                                           detailed description of the test vehicles
                                                  with an alternative methodology (i.e.,                                                                                                             model years. The methodologies
                                                                                                                           selected and an engineering analysis
                                                  under the third pathway described                                                                                                                  described by BMW are consistent with
                                                                                                                           that supports the selection of those
                                                  above) must describe a methodology                                                                                                                 those used by EPA to establish the
                                                                                                                           vehicles for testing.
                                                  that meets the following criteria:                                         • The application must contain all                                      predetermined list of credits in the
                                                    • Use modeling, on-road testing, on-                                   testing and/or simulation data required                                   regulations, and would result in the
                                                  road data collection, or other approved                                  under the regulations, plus any other                                     same credit values as described in the
                                                  analytical or engineering methods;                                       data the manufacturer has considered in                                   regulations. The magnitude of these
                                                    • Be robust, verifiable, and capable of                                the analysis.                                                             credits is determined by specification or
                                                  demonstrating the real-world emissions                                     Finally, the alternative methodology                                    calculations in the regulations based on
                                                  benefit with strong statistical                                          must be approved by EPA prior to the                                      vehicle-specific measurements (e.g., the
                                                  significance;                                                            manufacturer using it to generate                                         area of glass or the lighting locations
                                                    • Result in a demonstration of                                         credits. As part of the review process                                    using the specified technologies), but
                                                  baseline and controlled emissions over                                   defined by regulation, the alternative                                    would be no higher than the following
                                                  a wide range of driving conditions and                                   methodology submitted to EPA for                                          established regulatory values:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                         Off-cycle         Off-cycle
                                                                                                                        Technology                                                                                     credit—cars      credit—trucks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                       (grams/mile)      (grams/mile)

                                                  High efficiency lighting .....................................................................................................................................                  1.0                1.0
                                                  Solar reflective glass/glazing ...........................................................................................................................                      2.9                3.9
                                                  Active seat ventilation ......................................................................................................................................                  1.0                1.3
                                                  Active cabin ventilation ....................................................................................................................................                   2.1                2.8
                                                  Active engine warmup .....................................................................................................................................                      1.5                3.2



                                                  B. Ford Motor Company                                                    became available. Ford has applied for                                    warmup, and engine idle stop-start
                                                                                                                           off-cycle credits using the alternative                                   systems. EPA has already approved
                                                    Using the alternative methodology                                      demonstration methodology pathway                                         credits for these technologies for the
                                                  approach discussed above, Ford Motor                                     for the following technologies: high                                      2012 and 2013 model years for Ford,
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                                                  Company (Ford) is applying for credits                                   efficiency exterior lighting, active seat                                 and for some of these technologies for
                                                  for model years prior to 2014, and thus                                  ventilation, active aerodynamics, active                                  Fiat Chrysler for the 2009–2013 model
                                                  prior to when the list of default credits                                transmission warmup, active engine                                        years.6 Ford’s request is consistent with
                                                    2 See 40 CFR 86.1869–12(c).                                              5 ‘‘EPA Decision Document: Off-cycle Credits for                        U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA–420–
                                                    3 See 40 CFR 86.1869–12(d).                                            Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Ford Motor Company,                            R–15–014, September 2015.
                                                    4 See 40 CFR 86.1869–12(d)(2).                                         and General Motors Corporation.’’ Compliance                                6 ‘‘EPA Decision Document: Off-cycle Credits for

                                                                                                                           Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality,                       Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Ford Motor Company,
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               Continued



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                                                  60696                                 Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 171 / Friday, September 2, 2016 / Notices

                                                  previously approved methodologies and                                     methodologies described by Ford are                                       calculations in the regulations based on
                                                  credits. The application covers the                                       consistent with those used by EPA to                                      vehicle-specific measurements (e.g., the
                                                  2009–2011 model year vehicles, model                                      establish the predetermined list of                                       area of glass or the lighting locations
                                                  years which were inadvertently omitted                                    credits in the regulations, and would                                     using the specified technologies), but
                                                  from Ford’s previous request. All of                                      result in the same credit values as                                       would be no higher than the following
                                                  these technologies are described in the                                   described in the regulations. The                                         established regulatory values:
                                                  predetermined list of credits available in                                magnitude of these credits is
                                                  the 2014 and later model years. The                                       determined by specification or

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Off-cycle         Off-cycle
                                                                                                                        Technology                                                                                      credit—cars      credit—trucks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        (grams/mile)      (grams/mile)

                                                  high efficiency lighting .....................................................................................................................................                   1.0                 1.0
                                                  Active seat ventilation ......................................................................................................................................                   1.0                 1.3

                                                  Active aerodynamics ........................................................................................................................................        Based on measured reduction in the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              coefficient of drag.

                                                  Active transmission warm-up ...........................................................................................................................                          1.5                 3.2
                                                  Active engine warm-up ....................................................................................................................................                       1.5                 3.2
                                                  Engine idle start-stop .......................................................................................................................................                   2.5                 4.4



                                                  C. General Motors Corporation                                             paint, active seat ventilation, active                                    consistent with those used by EPA to
                                                                                                                            aerodynamics, active engine warmup,                                       establish the predetermined list of
                                                     Using the alternative methodology                                      and engine idle stop-start systems. EPA                                   credits in the regulations, and would
                                                  approach discussed above, General                                         has already approved credits for these                                    result in the same credit values as
                                                  Motors Corporation (GM) is applying for                                   technologies for model years prior to                                     described in the regulations. The
                                                  credits for model years prior to 2014,                                    2014.7 GM’s request is consistent with                                    magnitude of these credits is
                                                  and thus prior to when the list of default                                previously approved methodologies and                                     determined by specification or
                                                  credits became available. GM has                                          credits. The application covers the                                       calculations in the regulations based on
                                                  applied for off-cycle credits using the                                   2009–2013 model year vehicles. All of                                     vehicle-specific measurements (e.g., the
                                                  alternative demonstration methodology                                     these technologies are described in the                                   area of glass or the lighting locations
                                                  pathway for the following technologies:                                   predetermined list of credits available in                                using the specified technologies), but
                                                  high efficiency exterior lighting, solar                                  the 2014 and later model years. The                                       would be no higher than the following
                                                  reflective glass/glazing, solar reflective                                methodologies described by GM are                                         established regulatory values:

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Off-cycle         Off-cycle
                                                                                                                        Technology                                                                                      credit—cars      credit—trucks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        (grams/mile)      (grams/mile)

                                                  High efficiency lighting .....................................................................................................................................                   1.0                 1.0
                                                  Solar reflective glass/glazing ...........................................................................................................................                       2.9                 3.9
                                                  Solar reflective paint ........................................................................................................................................                  0.4                 0.5
                                                  Active seat ventilation ......................................................................................................................................                   1.0                 1.3

                                                  Active aerodynamics ........................................................................................................................................        Based on measured reduction in the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              coefficient of drag.

                                                  Active engine warm-up ....................................................................................................................................                       1.5                 3.2
                                                  Engine idle start-stop .......................................................................................................................................                   2.5                 4.4



                                                  D. Volkswagen of America                                                  aerodynamics systems, active seat                                         application covers the 2012–2013 model
                                                                                                                            ventilation, solar reflective glass/                                      year vehicles. All of these technologies
                                                    Using the alternative methodology                                       glazing, solar reflective surface coating                                 are described in the predetermined list
                                                  approach discussed above, Volkswagen                                      (paint), active engine warmup, active                                     of credits available in the 2014 and later
                                                  of America (VW) is applying for credits                                   transmission warmup, engine idle stop-                                    model years. The methodologies
                                                  for model years prior to 2014, and thus                                   start systems, and high efficiency                                        described by VW are consistent with
                                                  prior to when the list of default credits                                 lighting. EPA has already approved                                        those used by EPA to establish the
                                                  became available. VW has applied for                                      credits for these technologies for model                                  predetermined list of credits in the
                                                  off-cycle credits using the alternative                                   years prior to 2014.8 VW’s request is                                     regulations, and would result in the
                                                  demonstration methodology pathway                                         consistent with previously approved                                       same credit values as described in the
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                                                  for the following technologies: Active                                    methodologies and credits. The                                            regulations. The magnitude of these

                                                  and General Motors Corporation.’’ Compliance                              and General Motors Corporation.’’ Compliance                              and General Motors Corporation.’’ Compliance
                                                  Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality,                       Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality,                       Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality,
                                                  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA–420–                            U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA–420–                            U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA–420–
                                                  R–15–014, September 2015.                                                 R–15–014, September 2015.                                                 R–15–014, September 2015.
                                                    7 ‘‘EPA Decision Document: Off-cycle Credits for                          8 ‘‘EPA Decision Document: Off-cycle Credits for

                                                  Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Ford Motor Company,                            Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Ford Motor Company,



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                                                                                        Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 171 / Friday, September 2, 2016 / Notices                                                                               60697

                                                  credits is determined by specification or                                 area of glass or the lighting locations                                   would be no higher than the following
                                                  calculations in the regulations based on                                  using the specified technologies), but                                    established regulatory values:
                                                  vehicle-specific measurements (e.g., the

                                                                                                                                                                                                                          Off-cycle         Off-cycle
                                                                                                                        Technology                                                                                      credit—cars      credit—trucks
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        (grams/mile)      (grams/mile)

                                                  High efficiency lighting .....................................................................................................................................                   1.0               1.0
                                                  Solar reflective glass/glazing ...........................................................................................................................                       2.9               3.9
                                                  Solar reflective paint ........................................................................................................................................                  0.4               0.5
                                                  Active seat ventilation ......................................................................................................................................                   1.0               1.3

                                                  Active aerodynamics ........................................................................................................................................        Based on measured reduction in the
                                                                                                                                                                                                                              coefficient of drag.

                                                  Active engine warm-up ....................................................................................................................................                       1.5               3.2
                                                  Active transmission warm-up ...........................................................................................................................                          1.5               3.2
                                                  Engine idle start-stop .......................................................................................................................................                   2.5               4.4



                                                  III. EPA Decision Process                                                 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION                                                    Reserve, Comment Period Ends: 10/
                                                     EPA has reviewed the applications for                                  AGENCY                                                                      17/2016, Contact: Jean Tanimoto 808–
                                                  completeness and is now making the                                                                                                                    725–5253.
                                                                                                                            [ER–FRL–9028–8]
                                                  applications available for public review                                                                                                            EIS No. 20160198, Final, NOAA,
                                                  and comment as required by the                                            Environmental Impact Statements;                                            USFWS, MI, Programmatic—
                                                  regulations. The off-cycle credit                                         Notice of Availability                                                      Restoration Resulting from the
                                                  applications submitted by BMW, Ford,                                                                                                                  Kalamazoo River Natural Resource
                                                                                                                            AGENCY:        Office of Federal Activities,
                                                  GM, and VW (with confidential                                                                                                                         Damage Assessment, Review Period
                                                                                                                            EPA.
                                                  business information redacted) have                                                                                                                   Ends: 10/03/2016, Contact: Lisa
                                                  been placed in the public docket (see                                     ACTION:      Notice.
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Williams 517–351–8324. The U.S.
                                                  ADDRESSES section above) and on EPA’s                                     SUMMARY:   Weekly receipt of                                                Department of the Interior’s Fish and
                                                  Web site at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/                                      Environmental Impact Statements                                             Wildlife Service and the U.S.
                                                  regs/ld-hwy/greenhouse/ld-ghg.htm.                                        (EISs).                                                                     Department of Commerce’s National
                                                  EPA is providing a 30-day comment                                         Filed 08/22/2016 Through 08/26/2016.                                        Oceanic and Atmospheric
                                                  period on the applications for off-cycle                                  FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:                                            Administration are joint lead agencies
                                                  credits described in this notice, as                                      General Information (202) 564–7146 or
                                                  specified by the regulations. The                                                                                                                     for the above project.
                                                                                                                            http://www.epa.gov/nepa
                                                  manufacturers may submit a written                                                                                                                  EIS No. 20160199, Final, BLM, UT,
                                                                                                                            SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Pursuant
                                                  rebuttal of comments for EPA’s                                                                                                                        Proposed Resource Management Plans
                                                                                                                            to 40 CFR 1506.9.
                                                  consideration, or may revise an                                                                                                                       for the Beaver Dam Wash and Red
                                                  application in response to comments.                                        Section 309(a) of the Clean Air Act                                       Cliffs National Conservation Areas;
                                                  After reviewing any public comments                                       requires that EPA make public its                                           Proposed Amendment to the St.
                                                  and any rebuttal of comments submitted                                    comments on EISs issued by other
                                                                                                                                                                                                        George Field Office Resource
                                                  by manufacturers, EPA will make a final                                   Federal agencies. EPA’s comment letters
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Management Plan, Review Period
                                                  decision regarding the credit requests.                                   on EISs are available at: http://
                                                                                                                                                                                                        Ends: 10/03/2016, Contact: Keith
                                                  EPA will make its decision available to                                   www.epa.gov/compliance/nepa/
                                                                                                                            eisdata.html.                                                               Rigtrup 435–865–3063.
                                                  the public by placing a decision
                                                                                                                            EIS No. 20160193, Final, DOS, CA, Otay                                    EIS No. 20160200, Draft, USACE, NY,
                                                  document (or multiple decision
                                                  documents) in the docket and on EPA’s                                       Mesa Conveyance and Disinfection                                          Atlantic Coast of New York, East
                                                  Web site at http://www.epa.gov/otaq/                                        System Project, Review Period Ends:                                       Rockaway Inlet to Rockaway Inlet and
                                                  regs/ld-hwy/greenhouse/ld-ghg.htm.                                          10/03/2016, Contact: Jill Reilly 202–                                     Jamaica Bay, Comment Period Ends:
                                                  While the broad methodologies used by                                       647–9798.                                                                 11/02/2016, Contact: Robert J. Smith
                                                  these manufacturers could potentially                                     EIS No. 20160194, Final, FAA, AK,                                           917–790–8729.
                                                  be used for other vehicles and by other                                     Angoon Airport Project, Review
                                                                                                                              Period Ends: 10/03/2016, Contact:                                       Amended Notices
                                                  manufacturers, the vehicle specific data
                                                  needed to demonstrate the off-cycle                                         Leslie Grey 907–271–5453.                                               EIS No. 20160188, Final, NHTSA, NAT,
                                                  emissions reductions would likely be                                      EIS No. 20160195, Draft, FHWA, NC, I–
                                                                                                                                                                                                         Phase 2 Fuel Efficiency Standards for
                                                  different. In such cases, a new                                             4400/I–4700—I–26 Widening,
                                                                                                                                                                                                         Medium- and Heavy-Duty Engines
                                                  application would be required,                                              Comment Period. Ends: 10/31/2016,
                                                                                                                                                                                                         and Vehicles, Contact: James Tamm
                                                  including an opportunity for public                                         Contact: Clarence Coleman 919–747–
                                                                                                                              7014.                                                                      202–493–0515.
                                                  comment.
                                                                                                                            EIS No. 20160196, Final, NPS, PRO,                                           Revision to FR Notice Published 08/
mstockstill on DSK3G9T082PROD with NOTICES




                                                    Dated: August 26, 2016.                                                   Revision of 9B Regulations Governing                                    26/2016; Change Review Period to No
                                                  Byron J. Bunker,                                                            Non-Federal Oil and Gas Activities,                                     Review Period.
                                                  Director, Compliance Division, Office of                                    Review Period Ends: 10/03/2016,                                            Under 49 U.S.C. 304a(b), NHTSA has
                                                  Transportation and Air Quality, Office of Air                               Contact: Michael B. Edwards 303–
                                                  and Radiation.                                                                                                                                      issued a Final EIS and ROD. Therefore,
                                                                                                                              969–2694.                                                               the 30-day wait/review period under
                                                  [FR Doc. 2016–21217 Filed 9–1–16; 8:45 am]                                EIS No. 20160197, Draft, NOAA, HI,
                                                  BILLING CODE 6560–50–P                                                      Heeia National Estuarine Research                                       NEPA does not apply to this action.



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Document Created: 2018-02-09 11:55:36
Document Modified: 2018-02-09 11:55:36
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionNotices
ActionNotice.
DatesComments must be received on or before October 3, 2016.
ContactRoberts French, Environmental Protection Specialist, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Compliance Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000 Traverwood Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. Telephone: (734) 214-4380. Fax:
FR Citation81 FR 60694 

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