81_FR_63717 81 FR 63538 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Fixed Income Clearing Corporation; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To Describe the Backtesting Charge and the Holiday Charge That May Be Imposed on Members

81 FR 63538 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Fixed Income Clearing Corporation; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To Describe the Backtesting Charge and the Holiday Charge That May Be Imposed on Members

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Federal Register Volume 81, Issue 179 (September 15, 2016)

Page Range63538-63541
FR Document2016-22156

Federal Register, Volume 81 Issue 179 (Thursday, September 15, 2016)
[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 179 (Thursday, September 15, 2016)]
[Notices]
[Pages 63538-63541]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2016-22156]


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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

[Release No. 34-78807; File No. SR-FICC-2016-006]


Self-Regulatory Organizations; Fixed Income Clearing Corporation; 
Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To Describe the Backtesting 
Charge and the Holiday Charge That May Be Imposed on Members

September 9, 2016.
    Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 
(``Act''),\1\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\2\ notice is hereby given that 
on September 2, 2016, Fixed Income Clearing Corporation (``FICC'') 
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (``Commission'') the 
proposed rule change as described in Items I, II and III below, which 
Items have been prepared by the clearing agency. The Commission is 
publishing this notice to solicit comments on the proposed rule change 
from interested persons.
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    \1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
    \2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
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I. Clearing Agency's Statement of the Terms of Substance of the 
Proposed Rule Change

    The proposed rule change consists of amendments to the Government 
Securities Division (``GSD'') Rulebook (the ``GSD Rules'') and the 
Mortgage-Backed Securities Division (``MBSD'') Clearing Rules (the 
``MBSD Rules'') \3\ in order to include two margin charges (the 
``Backtesting Charge'' and ``Holiday Charge'' as further described 
below) that may be imposed on Netting Members of GSD and Clearing 
Members of MBSD (for purposes of this filing, GSD Netting Members and 
MBSD Clearing Members will be referred to as ``Members'' and each of 
the GSD and the MBSD shall be referred to as a ``Division'' and 
together as the ``Divisions''). The Backtesting Charge is assessed for 
those Members whose portfolios experience backtesting deficiencies over 
the prior 12-month period, as described further below. The Backtesting 
Charge is calculated by each Division to mitigate exposures to the 
Division caused by settlement risks that may not be adequately captured 
by the Division's portfolio volatility model. The Holiday Charge is 
applied to all Members on the Business Day prior to any day on which 
the Corporation is closed, but the day is not observed as a holiday by 
the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association and the bond 
markets are open (``Holiday''). The Holiday Charge addresses the risk 
exposure that a Member's portfolio on the applicable Holiday poses to 
the Corporation. The proposed rule change would amend GSD Rule 1 
(Definitions) and MBSD Rule 1 (Definitions) to add the Backtesting 
Charge and the Holiday Charge as defined terms, including the manner 
and circumstances in which FICC calculates and imposes such charges, 
and would amend Section 1b of GSD Rule 4 (Clearing Fund and Loss 
Allocation) and Section 2(c) of MBSD Rule 4 (Clearing Fund and Loss 
Allocation) to include these charges as additional components of the 
Required Fund Deposit when applicable. FICC is filing this proposed 
rule change in order to provide transparency in the GSD Rules and MBSD 
Rules with respect to these existing charges, as described in greater 
detail below.
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    \3\ The GSD Rules and MBSD Rules are available at http://www.dtcc.com/legal/rules-and-procedures. Capitalized terms used 
herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meaning assigned to 
such terms in the GSD Rules and MBSD Rules, as applicable.
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II. Clearing Agency's Statement of the Purpose of, and Statutory Basis 
for, the Proposed Rule Change

    In its filing with the Commission, the clearing agency included 
statements concerning the purpose of and basis for the proposed rule 
change and discussed any comments it received on the proposed rule 
change. The text of these statements may be examined at the places 
specified in Item IV below. The clearing agency has prepared summaries, 
set forth in sections A, B, and C below, of the most significant 
aspects of such statements.

(A) Clearing Agency's Statement of the Purpose of, and Statutory Basis 
for, the Proposed Rule Change

1. Purpose
    The proposed rule change provides transparency in the GSD Rules and 
MBSD Rules with respect to the Backtesting Charge and Holiday Charge, 
two margin charges that each Division may temporarily impose on a 
Member as part of such Member's Required Fund Deposit.
    A Division may impose the Backtesting Charge on a Member when the 
Division has observed deficiencies in the backtesting of such Member's 
Required Fund Deposit over the prior 12-month period, such that the 
Division determines the VaR Charge being calculated for that Member may 
not fully address the projected liquidation losses estimated from that 
Member's settlement activity.
    The Holiday Charge addresses the risk exposure that occurs on 
Holidays when the Divisions are unable to collect Clearing Fund from 
Members. The Divisions impose the Holiday Charge on all Members to 
cover the additional day of exposure that is not contemplated in the 
prior day's VaR Charge.
(i) Background
A. Backtesting and the Required Fund Deposit
    The GSD's Clearing Fund and the MBSD's Clearing Fund each address 
potential Member exposure through a number of risk-based component 
charges (as margin) calculated and assessed daily. Each of the 
component charges collectively constitute [sic] a Member's Required 
Fund Deposit with respect to each Division. The objective of the 
Required Fund Deposit is to mitigate potential losses to FICC 
associated with liquidation of the Member's portfolio in the event that 
the GSD and/or the MBSD ceases to act for

[[Page 63539]]

a Member (hereinafter referred to as a ``default''). FICC determines 
Required Fund Deposit amounts in both the GSD and the MBSD using risk-
based margin methodologies that are intended to capture market price 
risk. The methodologies for each Clearing Fund use historical market 
moves to project or forecast the potential gains or losses on the 
liquidation of a defaulting Member's portfolio, assuming that a 
portfolio would take three days to liquidate or hedge in normal market 
conditions. The projected liquidation gains or losses are used to 
determine the Member's Required Fund Deposit in each Division, which is 
calculated to cover projected liquidation losses at a 99 percent 
confidence level. The aggregate of all Members' Required Fund Deposits 
in each Division constitutes the Division's Clearing Fund, which the 
Division would be able to access should a defaulting Member's own 
Required Fund Deposit be insufficient to satisfy losses to the Division 
caused by the liquidation of that Member's portfolio.
    FICC employs daily backtesting to determine the adequacy of each 
Member's Required Fund Deposit. FICC compares the Required Fund Deposit 
\4\ for each Member with the simulated liquidation gains/losses using 
the actual positions in the Member's portfolio, and the actual 
historical security returns. FICC investigates the cause(s) of any 
backtesting deficiencies. As a part of this investigation, FICC pays 
particular attention to Members with backtesting deficiencies that 
bring the results for that Member below the 99 percent confidence 
target (i.e., greater than two backtesting deficiency days in a rolling 
twelve-month period) to determine if there is an identifiable cause of 
repeat backtesting deficiencies. FICC also evaluates whether multiple 
Members may experience backtesting deficiencies for the same underlying 
reason.
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    \4\ For backtesting comparisons, FICC uses the Required Fund 
Deposit amount, without regard to the actual collateral posted by 
the Member.
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    While multiple factors may contribute to a Member's backtesting 
deficiency, FICC has observed that some Members with position increases 
after the intraday calculation of their Required Fund Deposit may incur 
backtesting deficiencies due to the additional exposure that is not 
mitigated until the collection of the Required Fund Deposit on the next 
Business Day.
B. Calculation of the Backtesting Charge
    The objective of the Backtesting Charge is to increase Required 
Fund Deposits for Members that are likely to experience backtesting 
deficiencies on the basis described above by an amount sufficient to 
maintain such Member's backtesting coverage above the 99 percent 
confidence threshold. Because the settlement activity and size of the 
backtesting deficiencies varies among impacted Members, FICC must 
assess a Backtesting Charge that is specific to each impacted Member. 
To do so, FICC examines each impacted Member's historical backtesting 
deficiencies observed over the prior 12-month period to identify the 
three largest backtesting deficiencies that have occurred during that 
time (for GSD Netting Members only, excluding any backtesting 
deficiencies attributable to the Blackout Period). The presumptive 
Backtesting Charge amount equals that Member's third largest historical 
backtesting deficiency, subject to adjustment as further described 
below. FICC believes that applying an additional margin charge equal to 
the third largest historical backtesting deficiency would bring the 
Member's historically-observed backtesting coverage above the 99 
percent target.\5\ If assessed, the resulting Backtesting Charge is 
added to the VaR Charge for such Member determined pursuant to each 
Division's risk-based margining methodology. The Backtesting Charge is 
imposed on a daily basis for a one-month period.
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    \5\ Each occurrence of a backtesting deficiency reduces a 
Member's overall backtesting coverage by 0.4 percent (1 exception/
250 observation days). Accordingly, an increase equal to the third 
largest backtesting deficiency would bring backtesting coverage up 
to 99.2 percent.
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    This charge is only applicable to those Members whose overall 12-
month trailing backtesting coverage falls below the 99 percent coverage 
target (for GSD Netting Members only, excluding Blackout Period 
deficiencies).
    Although the third largest historical backtesting deficiency for a 
Member is used as the Backtesting Charge in most cases, each Division 
retains discretion to adjust the charge amount based on other 
circumstances that may be relevant for assessing whether an impacted 
Member is likely to experience future backtesting deficiencies and the 
estimated size of such deficiencies. Examples of relevant circumstances 
that would be considered in calculating the final, applicable 
Backtesting Charge amount include material differences in the three 
largest backtesting deficiencies observed over the prior 12-month 
period, variability in the net settlement activity after the collection 
of the Member's intraday Required Fund Deposit, seasonality in observed 
backtesting deficiencies and observed market price volatility in excess 
of the Member's historical VaR Charge(s). Based on FICC's assessment of 
the impact of these circumstances on the likelihood of, and estimated 
size of, future backtesting deficiencies for a Member, FICC may, in its 
discretion, adjust the Backtesting Charge for such Member in an amount 
that FICC determines to be more appropriate for maintaining such 
Member's backtesting results above the 99 percent coverage threshold 
(including a reasonable buffer).
C. Communication With Members and Imposition of the Backtesting Charge
    If FICC determines that a Backtesting Charge should apply to a 
Member that was not assessed a Backtesting Charge during the 
immediately preceding month or that the Backtesting Charge applied to a 
Member during the previous month should be increased, the applicable 
Division will notify the Member on or around the 25th calendar day of 
the month prior to the assessment of the Backtesting Charge, or prior 
to the increase to the Backtesting Charge.
    Each Division imposes the Backtesting Charge as an additional 
charge applied to each impacted Member's Required Fund Deposit on a 
daily basis for a one month period, and reviews each applied 
Backtesting Charge each month. If an impacted Member's trailing 12-
month backtesting coverage exceeds 99 percent (without taking into 
account historically-imposed Backtesting Charges), the Backtesting 
Charge is removed.
D. Holidays and the Required Fund Deposit
    As described above, FICC determines its Members' Required Fund 
Deposit amounts in each Division using a risk-based margin methodology 
that is intended to capture market price risk, assuming that a 
portfolio would take three days to liquidate or hedge in normal market 
conditions.
    The Holiday Charge may be applied on the Business Day prior to any 
Holiday. This charge approximates the exposure that a Member's trading 
activity on the applicable Holiday could pose to the Division. Since 
the Divisions cannot collect margin on the Holiday, the Holiday Charge 
is due on the Business Day prior to the applicable Holiday.
E. Calculation and Notification of the Holiday Charge
    FICC would determine the appropriate methodology for calculating 
the Holiday Charge in advance of each applicable Holiday. Potential 
methodologies for calculating the Holiday Charge include, for example, 
time scaling of the VaR Charge \6\ or

[[Page 63540]]

application of stress scenarios that cover potential market price risk 
exposure that may not be appropriately covered by scaling the VaR 
Charge. FICC would establish a methodology for calculating each Holiday 
Charge that would take into consideration the market conditions 
prevailing at that time in order to permit FICC to calculate a Holiday 
Charge that appropriately estimates the risk that may be presented to 
FICC on the applicable Holiday, when Members' Required Fund Deposit 
cannot be collected. The Holiday Charge would represent a percentage 
increase of the VaR Charge on the Business Day prior to the Holiday, 
and such percentage increase applies uniformly to all Members. This 
means that if the Holiday Charge is levied, the same methodology (i.e., 
formula) is applied to all Members (that is, the Holiday Charge is not 
a set dollar amount applied to all Members).
    Members would be notified of the applicable methodology by an 
Important Notice issued no later than 10 Business Days prior to the 
application the Holiday Charge, and the charge is collected on the 
Business Day prior to the applicable Holiday. The Holiday Charge is 
removed from the Required Fund Deposit on the Business Day following 
the Holiday.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN15SE16.006

Statutory Basis
    Section 17A(b)(3)(F) of the Act requires, in part, that the rules 
of a clearing agency be designed to assure the safeguarding of 
securities and funds that are within the custody or control of the 
clearing agency.\7\ Rule 17Ad-22(b)(1) under the Act requires a 
clearing agency to establish, implement, maintain and enforce written 
policies and procedures reasonably designed to measure its credit 
exposures to its participants at least once a day and limit its 
exposures to potential losses from defaults by its participants under 
normal market conditions, so that the operations of the clearing agency 
would not be disrupted and non-defaulting participants would not be 
exposed to losses that they cannot anticipate or control.\8\ Rule 17Ad-
22(b)(2) under the Act requires a clearing agency to maintain and 
enforce written policies and procedures reasonably designed to use 
margin requirements to limit its credit exposures to participants under 
normal market conditions.\9\
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    \7\ 15 U.S.C. 78q-1(b)(3)(F).
    \8\ 17 CFR 240.17Ad-22(b)(1).
    \9\ 17 CFR 240.17Ad-22(b)(2).
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    By incorporating the Backtesting Charge and the Holiday Charge into 
the GSD Rules and the MBSD Rules, the proposed change addresses 
exposure that could subject FICC to potential losses under normal 
market conditions in the event that a Member defaults. Specifically, 
the proposed change seeks to remedy potential situations that are 
described above where the Divisions could be undermargined by requiring 
additional margin. Therefore, FICC believes the proposed rule change 
enhances the safeguarding of securities and funds that are in the 
custody or control of FICC, consistent with Section 17(b)(3)(F) of the 
Act.
    The Backtesting Charge is calculated and imposed to cover credit 
exposures estimated by FICC based on historical backtesting 
deficiencies with the goal of maintaining each Member's Required Fund 
Deposit in each Division above the 99 percent coverage threshold. This 
management of FICC's credit exposures to Members is consistent with 
Rule 17Ad-22(b)(1) under the Act. Further, the charge is part of the 
Members' Required Fund Deposits designed to maintain the coverage of 
credit exposures in each Division at a confidence level of at least 99 
percent, which limits FICC's exposures to Members under normal market 
conditions. The proposed Backtesting Charge seeks to address 
backtesting deficiencies that could potentially leave the GSD and/or 
the MBSD undermargined by using the risk-based methodology described 
above to limit its credit exposure to Members. It therefore is also 
consistent with Rule 17Ad-22(b)(2) under the Act.
    The Holiday Charge is calculated and imposed to cover credit 
exposures that result from market price moves that occur on a Holiday 
and are not incorporated in each Member's Required Fund Deposit. This 
management of FICC's credit exposures to Members is consistent with 
Rules 17Ad-22(b)(1) and 17Ad-22(b)(2) under the Act.

(B) Clearing Agency's Statement on Burden on Competition

    FICC does not believe that either the Backtesting Charge or the 
Holiday Charge impose any burden on competition that is not necessary 
or appropriate.\10\ These charges are necessary for FICC to limit its 
exposure to potential losses from defaults by Members.
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    \10\ 15 U.S.C. 78q-1(b)(3)(I).
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    The Backtesting Charge is imposed on each Member on an 
individualized basis in an amount reasonably calculated to maintain its 
Required Fund Deposit above each Division's 99 percent coverage 
threshold. FICC employs reasonable methods to calculate and impose an 
individualized charge in an amount designed to maintain each impacted 
Member's future backtesting coverage above the 99 percent coverage 
threshold in each Division, including a reasonable buffer.
    Because the market price movements that occur on Holidays are 
related to the behavior of the market as a whole, the impact of such 
price movements on FICC's risk is considered general market price risk. 
Therefore, the Holiday Charge is imposed on all Members on a uniform 
basis in an amount reasonably calculated to mitigate the market price 
changes that could occur on a Holiday when the Corporation is closed. 
The Holiday Charge would represent a percentage increase of the VaR 
Charge on the Business Day prior to the Holiday, and such percentage 
increase applies uniformly to all Members in each Division. This means 
that if the Holiday Charge is levied, the same methodology (i.e., 
formula) is applied to all Members (that is, the Holiday Charge is not 
a set dollar amount applied to all Members).
    FICC believes, any burden on competition imposed by the addition of 
these two charges to the GSD Rules and MBSD Rules would be necessary 
and appropriate to limit FICC's exposures to

[[Page 63541]]

the risks being mitigated by such charges.

(C) Clearing Agency's Statement on Comments on the Proposed Rule Change 
Received From Members, Participants, or Others

    FICC has not received any written comments relating to this 
proposal. FICC will notify the Commission of any written comments 
received.

III. Date of Effectiveness of the Proposed Rule Change, and Timing for 
Commission Action

    Within 45 days of the date of publication of this notice in the 
Federal Register or within such longer period up to 90 days (i) as the 
Commission may designate if it finds such longer period to be 
appropriate and publishes its reasons for so finding or (ii) as to 
which the self-regulatory organization consents, the Commission will:
    (A) By order approve or disapprove such proposed rule change, or
    (B) institute proceedings to determine whether the proposed rule 
change should be disapproved.

IV. Solicitation of Comments

    Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views and 
arguments concerning the foregoing, including whether the proposed rule 
change is consistent with the Act. Comments may be submitted by any of 
the following methods:

Electronic Comments

     Use the Commission's Internet comment form (http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml); or
     Send an email to [email protected]. Please include 
File Number SR-FICC-2016-006 on the subject line.

Paper Comments

     Send paper comments in triplicate to Secretary, Securities 
and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street NE., Washington, DC 20549.

All submissions should refer to File Number SR-FICC-2016-006. This file 
number should be included on the subject line if email is used. To help 
the Commission process and review your comments more efficiently, 
please use only one method. The Commission will post all comments on 
the Commission's Internet Web site (http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the submission, all subsequent amendments, all 
written statements with respect to the proposed rule change that are 
filed with the Commission, and all written communications relating to 
the proposed rule change between the Commission and any person, other 
than those that may be withheld from the public in accordance with the 
provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be available for Web site viewing and 
printing in the Commission's Public Reference Room, 100 F Street NE., 
Washington, DC 20549 on official business days between the hours of 
10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Copies of the filing also will be available 
for inspection and copying at the principal office of FICC and on 
DTCC's Web site (http://dtcc.com/legal/sec-rule-filings.aspx). All 
comments received will be posted without change; the Commission does 
not edit personal identifying information from submissions. You should 
submit only information that you wish to make available publicly. All 
submissions should refer to File Number SR-FICC-2016-006 and should be 
submitted on or before October 6, 2016.

    For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets, 
pursuant to delegated authority.\11\
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    \11\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).
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Brent J. Fields,
Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2016-22156 Filed 9-14-16; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 8011-01-P



                                                63538                     Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 179 / Thursday, September 15, 2016 / Notices

                                                ‘‘the exchange operated by the                          have been prepared by the clearing                    these existing charges, as described in
                                                Company’’ would remove an obsolete                      agency. The Commission is publishing                  greater detail below.
                                                reference to NYSE Market (DE) from the                  this notice to solicit comments on the
                                                                                                                                                              II. Clearing Agency’s Statement of the
                                                Operating Agreement. The Exchange                       proposed rule change from interested
                                                                                                                                                              Purpose of, and Statutory Basis for, the
                                                explains that the Delegation Agreement                  persons.
                                                                                                                                                              Proposed Rule Change
                                                pursuant to which the Exchange
                                                                                                        I. Clearing Agency’s Statement of the                    In its filing with the Commission, the
                                                delegated its market functions to NYSE
                                                                                                        Terms of Substance of the Proposed                    clearing agency included statements
                                                Market (DE) has expired, thereby
                                                                                                        Rule Change                                           concerning the purpose of and basis for
                                                making the reference to NYSE Market
                                                (DE) in Section 2.02 obsolete.40 The                       The proposed rule change consists of               the proposed rule change and discussed
                                                Commission finds that eliminating such                  amendments to the Government                          any comments it received on the
                                                an obsolete reference would add clarity                 Securities Division (‘‘GSD’’) Rulebook                proposed rule change. The text of these
                                                to the Exchange’s rules and is consistent               (the ‘‘GSD Rules’’) and the Mortgage-                 statements may be examined at the
                                                with the public interest and the                        Backed Securities Division (‘‘MBSD’’)                 places specified in Item IV below. The
                                                protection of investors. The proposed                   Clearing Rules (the ‘‘MBSD Rules’’) 3 in              clearing agency has prepared
                                                addition of a reference to ‘‘the exchange               order to include two margin charges (the              summaries, set forth in sections A, B,
                                                operated by the Company’’ in Section                    ‘‘Backtesting Charge’’ and ‘‘Holiday                  and C below, of the most significant
                                                2.02 would clarify that the Board has                   Charge’’ as further described below) that             aspects of such statements.
                                                general supervision relating to the                     may be imposed on Netting Members of                  (A) Clearing Agency’s Statement of the
                                                collection, dissemination and use of                    GSD and Clearing Members of MBSD                      Purpose of, and Statutory Basis for, the
                                                quotations and of reports of prices on                  (for purposes of this filing, GSD Netting             Proposed Rule Change
                                                the Exchange.                                           Members and MBSD Clearing Members
                                                   The Commission finds that the                        will be referred to as ‘‘Members’’ and                1. Purpose
                                                foregoing revisions to the Operating                    each of the GSD and the MBSD shall be                    The proposed rule change provides
                                                Agreement are consistent with the Act.                  referred to as a ‘‘Division’’ and together            transparency in the GSD Rules and
                                                IV. Conclusion                                          as the ‘‘Divisions’’). The Backtesting                MBSD Rules with respect to the
                                                                                                        Charge is assessed for those Members                  Backtesting Charge and Holiday Charge,
                                                  It is therefore ordered, pursuant to                  whose portfolios experience backtesting               two margin charges that each Division
                                                Section 19(b)(2) of the Act,41 that the                 deficiencies over the prior 12-month                  may temporarily impose on a Member
                                                proposed rule change (SR–NYSE–2016–                     period, as described further below. The               as part of such Member’s Required Fund
                                                51) be, and it hereby is, approved.                     Backtesting Charge is calculated by each              Deposit.
                                                  For the Commission, by the Division of                Division to mitigate exposures to the                    A Division may impose the
                                                Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated              Division caused by settlement risks that              Backtesting Charge on a Member when
                                                authority.42                                            may not be adequately captured by the                 the Division has observed deficiencies
                                                Brent J. Fields,                                        Division’s portfolio volatility model.                in the backtesting of such Member’s
                                                Secretary.                                              The Holiday Charge is applied to all                  Required Fund Deposit over the prior
                                                [FR Doc. 2016–22154 Filed 9–14–16; 8:45 am]             Members on the Business Day prior to                  12-month period, such that the Division
                                                BILLING CODE 8011–01–P                                  any day on which the Corporation is                   determines the VaR Charge being
                                                                                                        closed, but the day is not observed as a              calculated for that Member may not
                                                                                                        holiday by the Securities Industry and                fully address the projected liquidation
                                                SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE                                 Financial Markets Association and the                 losses estimated from that Member’s
                                                COMMISSION                                              bond markets are open (‘‘Holiday’’). The              settlement activity.
                                                [Release No. 34–78807; File No. SR–FICC–                Holiday Charge addresses the risk                        The Holiday Charge addresses the risk
                                                2016–006]                                               exposure that a Member’s portfolio on                 exposure that occurs on Holidays when
                                                                                                        the applicable Holiday poses to the                   the Divisions are unable to collect
                                                Self-Regulatory Organizations; Fixed                    Corporation. The proposed rule change                 Clearing Fund from Members. The
                                                Income Clearing Corporation; Notice of                  would amend GSD Rule 1 (Definitions)                  Divisions impose the Holiday Charge on
                                                Filing of Proposed Rule Change To                       and MBSD Rule 1 (Definitions) to add                  all Members to cover the additional day
                                                Describe the Backtesting Charge and                     the Backtesting Charge and the Holiday                of exposure that is not contemplated in
                                                the Holiday Charge That May Be                          Charge as defined terms, including the                the prior day’s VaR Charge.
                                                Imposed on Members                                      manner and circumstances in which                     (i) Background
                                                                                                        FICC calculates and imposes such
                                                September 9, 2016.                                                                                            A. Backtesting and the Required Fund
                                                                                                        charges, and would amend Section 1b of
                                                   Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the                  GSD Rule 4 (Clearing Fund and Loss                    Deposit
                                                Securities Exchange Act of 1934                         Allocation) and Section 2(c) of MBSD                    The GSD’s Clearing Fund and the
                                                (‘‘Act’’),1 and Rule 19b–4 thereunder,2                 Rule 4 (Clearing Fund and Loss                        MBSD’s Clearing Fund each address
                                                notice is hereby given that on                          Allocation) to include these charges as               potential Member exposure through a
                                                September 2, 2016, Fixed Income                         additional components of the Required                 number of risk-based component
                                                Clearing Corporation (‘‘FICC’’) filed                   Fund Deposit when applicable. FICC is                 charges (as margin) calculated and
                                                with the Securities and Exchange                        filing this proposed rule change in order             assessed daily. Each of the component
                                                Commission (‘‘Commission’’) the                         to provide transparency in the GSD                    charges collectively constitute [sic] a
sradovich on DSK3GMQ082PROD with NOTICES




                                                proposed rule change as described in                    Rules and MBSD Rules with respect to                  Member’s Required Fund Deposit with
                                                Items I, II and III below, which Items
                                                                                                                                                              respect to each Division. The objective
                                                  40 See Notice, supra note 3, at 51250.
                                                                                                           3 The GSD Rules and MBSD Rules are available       of the Required Fund Deposit is to
                                                  41 15
                                                                                                        at http://www.dtcc.com/legal/rules-and-procedures.    mitigate potential losses to FICC
                                                        U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).                               Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise
                                                  42 17 CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).
                                                                                                        defined shall have the meaning assigned to such
                                                                                                                                                              associated with liquidation of the
                                                  1 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
                                                                                                        terms in the GSD Rules and MBSD Rules, as             Member’s portfolio in the event that the
                                                  2 17 CFR 240.19b–4.                                   applicable.                                           GSD and/or the MBSD ceases to act for


                                           VerDate Sep<11>2014   17:34 Sep 14, 2016   Jkt 238001   PO 00000   Frm 00072   Fmt 4703   Sfmt 4703   E:\FR\FM\15SEN1.SGM   15SEN1


                                                                         Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 179 / Thursday, September 15, 2016 / Notices                                           63539

                                                a Member (hereinafter referred to as a                  the basis described above by an amount                of the impact of these circumstances on
                                                ‘‘default’’). FICC determines Required                  sufficient to maintain such Member’s                  the likelihood of, and estimated size of,
                                                Fund Deposit amounts in both the GSD                    backtesting coverage above the 99                     future backtesting deficiencies for a
                                                and the MBSD using risk-based margin                    percent confidence threshold. Because                 Member, FICC may, in its discretion,
                                                methodologies that are intended to                      the settlement activity and size of the               adjust the Backtesting Charge for such
                                                capture market price risk. The                          backtesting deficiencies varies among                 Member in an amount that FICC
                                                methodologies for each Clearing Fund                    impacted Members, FICC must assess a                  determines to be more appropriate for
                                                use historical market moves to project or               Backtesting Charge that is specific to                maintaining such Member’s backtesting
                                                forecast the potential gains or losses on               each impacted Member. To do so, FICC                  results above the 99 percent coverage
                                                the liquidation of a defaulting Member’s                examines each impacted Member’s                       threshold (including a reasonable
                                                portfolio, assuming that a portfolio                    historical backtesting deficiencies                   buffer).
                                                would take three days to liquidate or                   observed over the prior 12-month period
                                                                                                        to identify the three largest backtesting             C. Communication With Members and
                                                hedge in normal market conditions. The                                                                        Imposition of the Backtesting Charge
                                                projected liquidation gains or losses are               deficiencies that have occurred during
                                                used to determine the Member’s                          that time (for GSD Netting Members                      If FICC determines that a Backtesting
                                                Required Fund Deposit in each                           only, excluding any backtesting                       Charge should apply to a Member that
                                                Division, which is calculated to cover                  deficiencies attributable to the Blackout             was not assessed a Backtesting Charge
                                                projected liquidation losses at a 99                    Period). The presumptive Backtesting                  during the immediately preceding
                                                percent confidence level. The aggregate                 Charge amount equals that Member’s                    month or that the Backtesting Charge
                                                of all Members’ Required Fund Deposits                  third largest historical backtesting                  applied to a Member during the
                                                in each Division constitutes the                        deficiency, subject to adjustment as                  previous month should be increased,
                                                Division’s Clearing Fund, which the                     further described below. FICC believes                the applicable Division will notify the
                                                Division would be able to access should                 that applying an additional margin                    Member on or around the 25th calendar
                                                a defaulting Member’s own Required                      charge equal to the third largest                     day of the month prior to the assessment
                                                Fund Deposit be insufficient to satisfy                 historical backtesting deficiency would               of the Backtesting Charge, or prior to the
                                                losses to the Division caused by the                    bring the Member’s historically-                      increase to the Backtesting Charge.
                                                liquidation of that Member’s portfolio.                 observed backtesting coverage above the                 Each Division imposes the
                                                   FICC employs daily backtesting to                    99 percent target.5 If assessed, the                  Backtesting Charge as an additional
                                                determine the adequacy of each                          resulting Backtesting Charge is added to              charge applied to each impacted
                                                Member’s Required Fund Deposit. FICC                    the VaR Charge for such Member                        Member’s Required Fund Deposit on a
                                                compares the Required Fund Deposit 4                    determined pursuant to each Division’s                daily basis for a one month period, and
                                                for each Member with the simulated                      risk-based margining methodology. The                 reviews each applied Backtesting
                                                liquidation gains/losses using the actual               Backtesting Charge is imposed on a                    Charge each month. If an impacted
                                                positions in the Member’s portfolio, and                daily basis for a one-month period.                   Member’s trailing 12-month backtesting
                                                the actual historical security returns.                    This charge is only applicable to those            coverage exceeds 99 percent (without
                                                FICC investigates the cause(s) of any                   Members whose overall 12-month                        taking into account historically-imposed
                                                backtesting deficiencies. As a part of                  trailing backtesting coverage falls below             Backtesting Charges), the Backtesting
                                                this investigation, FICC pays particular                the 99 percent coverage target (for GSD               Charge is removed.
                                                attention to Members with backtesting                   Netting Members only, excluding
                                                                                                        Blackout Period deficiencies).                        D. Holidays and the Required Fund
                                                deficiencies that bring the results for                                                                       Deposit
                                                                                                           Although the third largest historical
                                                that Member below the 99 percent
                                                                                                        backtesting deficiency for a Member is                   As described above, FICC determines
                                                confidence target (i.e., greater than two
                                                                                                        used as the Backtesting Charge in most                its Members’ Required Fund Deposit
                                                backtesting deficiency days in a rolling
                                                                                                        cases, each Division retains discretion to            amounts in each Division using a risk-
                                                twelve-month period) to determine if
                                                                                                        adjust the charge amount based on other               based margin methodology that is
                                                there is an identifiable cause of repeat
                                                                                                        circumstances that may be relevant for                intended to capture market price risk,
                                                backtesting deficiencies. FICC also
                                                                                                        assessing whether an impacted Member                  assuming that a portfolio would take
                                                evaluates whether multiple Members
                                                                                                        is likely to experience future backtesting            three days to liquidate or hedge in
                                                may experience backtesting deficiencies
                                                                                                        deficiencies and the estimated size of                normal market conditions.
                                                for the same underlying reason.
                                                                                                        such deficiencies. Examples of relevant                  The Holiday Charge may be applied
                                                   While multiple factors may contribute
                                                                                                        circumstances that would be considered                on the Business Day prior to any
                                                to a Member’s backtesting deficiency,
                                                                                                        in calculating the final, applicable                  Holiday. This charge approximates the
                                                FICC has observed that some Members
                                                                                                        Backtesting Charge amount include                     exposure that a Member’s trading
                                                with position increases after the
                                                                                                        material differences in the three largest             activity on the applicable Holiday could
                                                intraday calculation of their Required
                                                                                                        backtesting deficiencies observed over                pose to the Division. Since the Divisions
                                                Fund Deposit may incur backtesting
                                                                                                        the prior 12-month period, variability in             cannot collect margin on the Holiday,
                                                deficiencies due to the additional
                                                                                                        the net settlement activity after the                 the Holiday Charge is due on the
                                                exposure that is not mitigated until the
                                                                                                        collection of the Member’s intraday                   Business Day prior to the applicable
                                                collection of the Required Fund Deposit                 Required Fund Deposit, seasonality in
                                                on the next Business Day.                                                                                     Holiday.
                                                                                                        observed backtesting deficiencies and
                                                                                                        observed market price volatility in                   E. Calculation and Notification of the
                                                B. Calculation of the Backtesting Charge
                                                                                                                                                              Holiday Charge
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                                                  The objective of the Backtesting                      excess of the Member’s historical VaR
                                                                                                        Charge(s). Based on FICC’s assessment                   FICC would determine the
                                                Charge is to increase Required Fund
                                                                                                                                                              appropriate methodology for calculating
                                                Deposits for Members that are likely to                   5 Each occurrence of a backtesting deficiency       the Holiday Charge in advance of each
                                                experience backtesting deficiencies on                  reduces a Member’s overall backtesting coverage by    applicable Holiday. Potential
                                                                                                        0.4 percent (1 exception/250 observation days).
                                                  4 For backtesting comparisons, FICC uses the          Accordingly, an increase equal to the third largest
                                                                                                                                                              methodologies for calculating the
                                                Required Fund Deposit amount, without regard to         backtesting deficiency would bring backtesting        Holiday Charge include, for example,
                                                the actual collateral posted by the Member.             coverage up to 99.2 percent.                          time scaling of the VaR Charge 6 or


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                                                63540                    Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 179 / Thursday, September 15, 2016 / Notices

                                                application of stress scenarios that cover              when Members’ Required Fund Deposit                     Members would be notified of the
                                                potential market price risk exposure that               cannot be collected. The Holiday Charge               applicable methodology by an Important
                                                may not be appropriately covered by                     would represent a percentage increase                 Notice issued no later than 10 Business
                                                scaling the VaR Charge. FICC would                      of the VaR Charge on the Business Day                 Days prior to the application the
                                                establish a methodology for calculating                 prior to the Holiday, and such                        Holiday Charge, and the charge is
                                                each Holiday Charge that would take                     percentage increase applies uniformly to              collected on the Business Day prior to
                                                into consideration the market                           all Members. This means that if the                   the applicable Holiday. The Holiday
                                                conditions prevailing at that time in                   Holiday Charge is levied, the same                    Charge is removed from the Required
                                                order to permit FICC to calculate a                     methodology (i.e., formula) is applied to             Fund Deposit on the Business Day
                                                Holiday Charge that appropriately                       all Members (that is, the Holiday Charge
                                                                                                                                                              following the Holiday.
                                                estimates the risk that may be presented                is not a set dollar amount applied to all
                                                to FICC on the applicable Holiday,                      Members).




                                                Statutory Basis                                         and funds that are in the custody or                  appropriate.10 These charges are
                                                                                                        control of FICC, consistent with Section              necessary for FICC to limit its exposure
                                                   Section 17A(b)(3)(F) of the Act
                                                                                                        17(b)(3)(F) of the Act.                               to potential losses from defaults by
                                                requires, in part, that the rules of a                     The Backtesting Charge is calculated               Members.
                                                clearing agency be designed to assure                   and imposed to cover credit exposures                    The Backtesting Charge is imposed on
                                                the safeguarding of securities and funds                estimated by FICC based on historical                 each Member on an individualized basis
                                                that are within the custody or control of               backtesting deficiencies with the goal of             in an amount reasonably calculated to
                                                the clearing agency.7 Rule 17Ad–                        maintaining each Member’s Required                    maintain its Required Fund Deposit
                                                22(b)(1) under the Act requires a                       Fund Deposit in each Division above the               above each Division’s 99 percent
                                                clearing agency to establish, implement,                99 percent coverage threshold. This                   coverage threshold. FICC employs
                                                maintain and enforce written policies                   management of FICC’s credit exposures                 reasonable methods to calculate and
                                                and procedures reasonably designed to                   to Members is consistent with Rule                    impose an individualized charge in an
                                                measure its credit exposures to its                     17Ad–22(b)(1) under the Act. Further,                 amount designed to maintain each
                                                participants at least once a day and limit              the charge is part of the Members’                    impacted Member’s future backtesting
                                                its exposures to potential losses from                  Required Fund Deposits designed to                    coverage above the 99 percent coverage
                                                defaults by its participants under                      maintain the coverage of credit                       threshold in each Division, including a
                                                normal market conditions, so that the                   exposures in each Division at a                       reasonable buffer.
                                                operations of the clearing agency would                 confidence level of at least 99 percent,                 Because the market price movements
                                                not be disrupted and non-defaulting                     which limits FICC’s exposures to                      that occur on Holidays are related to the
                                                participants would not be exposed to                    Members under normal market                           behavior of the market as a whole, the
                                                losses that they cannot anticipate or                   conditions. The proposed Backtesting                  impact of such price movements on
                                                control.8 Rule 17Ad–22(b)(2) under the                  Charge seeks to address backtesting                   FICC’s risk is considered general market
                                                Act requires a clearing agency to                       deficiencies that could potentially leave             price risk. Therefore, the Holiday
                                                maintain and enforce written policies                   the GSD and/or the MBSD                               Charge is imposed on all Members on a
                                                and procedures reasonably designed to                   undermargined by using the risk-based                 uniform basis in an amount reasonably
                                                use margin requirements to limit its                    methodology described above to limit                  calculated to mitigate the market price
                                                credit exposures to participants under                  its credit exposure to Members. It                    changes that could occur on a Holiday
                                                normal market conditions.9                              therefore is also consistent with Rule                when the Corporation is closed. The
                                                   By incorporating the Backtesting                     17Ad–22(b)(2) under the Act.                          Holiday Charge would represent a
                                                Charge and the Holiday Charge into the                     The Holiday Charge is calculated and               percentage increase of the VaR Charge
                                                GSD Rules and the MBSD Rules, the                       imposed to cover credit exposures that                on the Business Day prior to the
                                                proposed change addresses exposure                      result from market price moves that                   Holiday, and such percentage increase
                                                that could subject FICC to potential                    occur on a Holiday and are not                        applies uniformly to all Members in
                                                losses under normal market conditions                   incorporated in each Member’s                         each Division. This means that if the
                                                in the event that a Member defaults.                    Required Fund Deposit. This                           Holiday Charge is levied, the same
                                                Specifically, the proposed change seeks                 management of FICC’s credit exposures                 methodology (i.e., formula) is applied to
                                                to remedy potential situations that are                 to Members is consistent with Rules                   all Members (that is, the Holiday Charge
                                                described above where the Divisions                     17Ad–22(b)(1) and 17Ad–22(b)(2) under                 is not a set dollar amount applied to all
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                                                could be undermargined by requiring                     the Act.                                              Members).
                                                additional margin. Therefore, FICC                                                                               FICC believes, any burden on
                                                believes the proposed rule change                       (B) Clearing Agency’s Statement on                    competition imposed by the addition of
                                                enhances the safeguarding of securities                 Burden on Competition                                 these two charges to the GSD Rules and
                                                                                                          FICC does not believe that either the               MBSD Rules would be necessary and
                                                  7 15 U.S.C. 78q–1(b)(3)(F).                           Backtesting Charge or the Holiday                     appropriate to limit FICC’s exposures to
                                                  8 17 CFR 240.17Ad–22(b)(1).                           Charge impose any burden on
                                                                                                                                                                                                          EN15SE16.006</GPH>




                                                  9 17 CFR 240.17Ad–22(b)(2).                           competition that is not necessary or                    10 15   U.S.C. 78q–1(b)(3)(I).



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                                                                         Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 179 / Thursday, September 15, 2016 / Notices                                             63541

                                                the risks being mitigated by such                       Commission and any person, other than                  redemption proceeds, under certain
                                                charges.                                                those that may be withheld from the                    circumstances, more than seven days
                                                                                                        public in accordance with the                          after the tender of shares for
                                                (C) Clearing Agency’s Statement on
                                                                                                        provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be                    redemption; (d) certain affiliated
                                                Comments on the Proposed Rule
                                                                                                        available for Web site viewing and                     persons of a Fund to deposit securities
                                                Change Received From Members,                                                                                  into, and receive securities from, the
                                                                                                        printing in the Commission’s Public
                                                Participants, or Others                                                                                        Fund in connection with the purchase
                                                                                                        Reference Room, 100 F Street NE.,
                                                  FICC has not received any written                     Washington, DC 20549 on official                       and redemption of Creation Units; (e)
                                                comments relating to this proposal.                     business days between the hours of                     certain registered management
                                                FICC will notify the Commission of any                  10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Copies of the                 investment companies and unit
                                                written comments received.                              filing also will be available for                      investment trusts outside of the same
                                                                                                        inspection and copying at the principal                group of investment companies as the
                                                III. Date of Effectiveness of the
                                                                                                        office of FICC and on DTCC’s Web site                  Funds (‘‘Funds of Funds’’) to acquire
                                                Proposed Rule Change, and Timing for
                                                                                                        (http://dtcc.com/legal/sec-rule-                       shares of the Funds; and (f) certain
                                                Commission Action
                                                                                                        filings.aspx). All comments received                   Funds (‘‘Feeder Funds’’) to create and
                                                   Within 45 days of the date of                        will be posted without change; the                     redeem Creation Units in-kind in a
                                                publication of this notice in the Federal               Commission does not edit personal                      master-feeder structure.
                                                Register or within such longer period                   identifying information from
                                                up to 90 days (i) as the Commission may                 submissions. You should submit only                    APPLICANTS:    Foreside Advisor Services,
                                                designate if it finds such longer period                information that you wish to make                      LLC (‘‘FAS’’), a Delaware Corporation
                                                to be appropriate and publishes its                     available publicly. All submissions                    that will be registered as an investment
                                                reasons for so finding or (ii) as to which              should refer to File Number SR–FICC–                   adviser under the Investment Advisers
                                                the self-regulatory organization                        2016–006 and should be submitted on                    Act of 1940, Foreside ETF Trust
                                                consents, the Commission will:                          or before October 6, 2016.                             (‘‘Trust’’), a Delaware statutory trust
                                                   (A) By order approve or disapprove                                                                          registered under the Act as an open-end
                                                such proposed rule change, or                             For the Commission, by the Division of
                                                                                                                                                               management investment company with
                                                   (B) institute proceedings to determine               Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated
                                                                                                        authority.11                                           multiple series, and Foreside Fund
                                                whether the proposed rule change                                                                               Services, LLC (‘‘Distributor’’), a
                                                should be disapproved.                                  Brent J. Fields,
                                                                                                                                                               Delaware limited liability company and
                                                                                                        Secretary.
                                                IV. Solicitation of Comments                                                                                   broker-dealer registered under the
                                                                                                        [FR Doc. 2016–22156 Filed 9–14–16; 8:45 am]            Securities Exchange Act of 1934
                                                  Interested persons are invited to                     BILLING CODE 8011–01–P                                 (‘‘Exchange Act’’).
                                                submit written data, views and                                                                                 FILING DATES: The application was filed
                                                arguments concerning the foregoing,                                                                            on June 6, 2016, and amended on
                                                including whether the proposed rule                     SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
                                                                                                                                                               August 26, 2016.
                                                change is consistent with the Act.                      COMMISSION
                                                                                                                                                               HEARING OR NOTIFICATION OF HEARING:
                                                Comments may be submitted by any of                     [Investment Company Act Release No. IC–
                                                the following methods:                                                                                         An order granting the requested relief
                                                                                                        32256; 812–14659]                                      will be issued unless the Commission
                                                Electronic Comments                                                                                            orders a hearing. Interested persons may
                                                                                                        Foreside Advisor Services, LLC, et al.;
                                                  • Use the Commission’s Internet                                                                              request a hearing by writing to the
                                                                                                        Notice of Application
                                                comment form (http://www.sec.gov/                                                                              Commission’s Secretary and serving
                                                rules/sro.shtml); or                                    September 9, 2016.                                     applicants with a copy of the request,
                                                  • Send an email to rule-comments@                                                                            personally or by mail. Hearing requests
                                                sec.gov. Please include File Number SR–                 AGENCY:    Securities and Exchange                     should be received by the Commission
                                                FICC–2016–006 on the subject line.                      Commission (‘‘Commission’’).                           by 5:30 p.m. on October 4, 2016, and
                                                                                                        ACTION: Notice of an application for an                should be accompanied by proof of
                                                Paper Comments                                                                                                 service on applicants, in the form of an
                                                                                                        order under section 6(c) of the
                                                  • Send paper comments in triplicate                   Investment Company Act of 1940 (the                    affidavit, or for lawyers, a certificate of
                                                to Secretary, Securities and Exchange                   ‘‘Act’’) for an exemption from sections                service. Pursuant to rule 0–5 under the
                                                Commission, 100 F Street NE.,                           2(a)(32), 5(a)(1), 22(d), and 22(e) of the             Act, hearing requests should state the
                                                Washington, DC 20549.                                   Act and rule 22c–1 under the Act, under                nature of the writer’s interest, any facts
                                                All submissions should refer to File                    sections 6(c) and 17(b) of the Act for an              bearing upon the desirability of a
                                                Number SR–FICC–2016–006. This file                      exemption from sections 17(a)(1) and                   hearing on the matter, the reason for the
                                                number should be included on the                        17(a)(2) of the Act, and under section                 request, and the issues contested.
                                                subject line if email is used. To help the              12(d)(1)(J) for an exemption from                      Persons who wish to be notified of a
                                                Commission process and review your                      sections 12(d)(1)(A) and 12(d)(1)(B) of                hearing may request notification by
                                                comments more efficiently, please use                   the Act. The requested order would                     writing to the Commission’s Secretary.
                                                only one method. The Commission will                    permit (a) actively-managed series of                  ADDRESSES: Secretary, Securities and
                                                post all comments on the Commission’s                   certain open-end management                            Exchange Commission, 100 F Street,
                                                Internet Web site (http://www.sec.gov/                  investment companies (‘‘Funds’’) to                    NE., Washington, DC 20549–1090;
                                                rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the                                                                                Applicants: Three Canal Plaza, Suite
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                                                                                                        issue shares redeemable in large
                                                submission, all subsequent                              aggregations only (‘‘Creation Units’’); (b)            100, Portland, ME 04101.
                                                amendments, all written statements                      secondary market transactions in Fund                  FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
                                                with respect to the proposed rule                       shares to occur at negotiated market                   Elizabeth G. Miller, Senior Counsel, at
                                                change that are filed with the                          prices rather than at net asset value                  (202) 551–8707, or Holly Hunter-Ceci,
                                                Commission, and all written                             (‘‘NAV’’); (c) certain Funds to pay                    Branch Chief, at (202) 551–6825
                                                communications relating to the                                                                                 (Division of Investment Management,
                                                proposed rule change between the                          11 17   CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).                         Chief Counsel’s Office).


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Document Created: 2018-02-09 13:18:19
Document Modified: 2018-02-09 13:18:19
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionNotices
FR Citation81 FR 63538 

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