81_FR_81964 81 FR 81741 - Request for Comments and Notice of Public Meeting on a Preliminary Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Currently Being Negotiated at The Hague Conference on Private International Law

81 FR 81741 - Request for Comments and Notice of Public Meeting on a Preliminary Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments Currently Being Negotiated at The Hague Conference on Private International Law

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Patent and Trademark Office

Federal Register Volume 81, Issue 223 (November 18, 2016)

Page Range81741-81744
FR Document2016-27799

The Hague Conference on Private International Law (``The Hague Conference''), an international organization in the Netherlands, is sponsoring negotiations for a convention on the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments in civil and commercial matters. In February 2016, the Council on General Affairs and Policy of The Hague Conference created a Special Commission on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Judgments (``the Special Commission'') to prepare a preliminary draft text of the convention, which is subject to a formal diplomatic negotiation open to member States of The Hague Conference. At its first session in June 2016, the Special Commission produced a Preliminary Draft Convention that contains general and specific provisions that would apply to the recognition and enforcement of judgments arising from transnational intellectual property disputes. The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) seeks public comments on the June 2016 Preliminary Draft Convention (the ``Preliminary Draft'') as it relates to intellectual property matters. To assist the USPTO in determining the best way to address this topic, the USPTO will host a public meeting to obtain public input. The meeting will be open to the public and will provide a forum for discussion of the questions identified in this notice. Written comments in response to the questions set forth in this notice also are requested.

Federal Register, Volume 81 Issue 223 (Friday, November 18, 2016)
[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 223 (Friday, November 18, 2016)]
[Notices]
[Pages 81741-81744]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2016-27799]


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DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE

 Patent and Trademark Office

[Docket No.: PTO-P-2016-0046]


Request for Comments and Notice of Public Meeting on a 
Preliminary Draft Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of 
Foreign Judgments Currently Being Negotiated at The Hague Conference on 
Private International Law

AGENCY: United States Patent and Trademark Office, Department of 
Commerce.

ACTION: Notice of public meeting; request for comments.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The Hague Conference on Private International Law (``The Hague 
Conference''), an international organization in the Netherlands, is 
sponsoring negotiations for a convention on the recognition and 
enforcement of foreign judgments in civil and commercial matters. In 
February 2016, the Council on General Affairs and Policy of The Hague 
Conference created a Special Commission on the Recognition and 
Enforcement of Foreign Judgments (``the Special Commission'') to 
prepare a preliminary draft text of the convention, which is subject to 
a formal diplomatic negotiation open to member States of The Hague 
Conference. At its first session in June 2016, the Special Commission 
produced a Preliminary Draft Convention that contains general and 
specific provisions that would apply to the recognition and enforcement 
of judgments arising from transnational intellectual property disputes. 
The United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) seeks public 
comments on the June 2016 Preliminary Draft Convention (the 
``Preliminary

[[Page 81742]]

Draft'') as it relates to intellectual property matters.
    To assist the USPTO in determining the best way to address this 
topic, the USPTO will host a public meeting to obtain public input. The 
meeting will be open to the public and will provide a forum for 
discussion of the questions identified in this notice. Written comments 
in response to the questions set forth in this notice also are 
requested.

DATES: The public meeting will be held on January 12, 2017, beginning 
at 1:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST) and ending at 4:00 p.m. EST.
    Public Meeting Registration Deadline: Registration to attend the 
public meeting in person or via webcast is required by January 5, 2017. 
Additionally, requests to participate in the public meeting as a 
speaker must be submitted in writing no later than December 29, 2016. 
See the ``Event Registration Information'' section of this notice for 
additional details on how to register and how to request to present as 
a speaker.
    Written Comments: Written comments must be received on or before 
January 9, 2017.

ADDRESSES:
    Event Address: The public meeting will be held in the USPTO 
Headquarters, Global Intellectual Property Academy (GIPA), Madison 
Building (East), Second Floor, 600 Dulany Street, Alexandria, Virginia 
22314.
    Written Comments: Interested parties are encouraged to file written 
comments electronically by email to [email protected]. 
Comments submitted by email should be machine-searchable and should not 
be copy-protected. Written comments also may be submitted by mail to 
the Office of Policy and International Affairs, United States Patent 
and Trademark Office, Mail Stop International Affairs, P.O. Box 1450, 
Alexandria, Virginia 22313-1450. Responders should include the name of 
the person or organization filing the comment, as well as a page 
number, on each page of their submissions. Paper submissions should 
also include a CD or DVD containing the submission in MS Word[supreg], 
WordPerfect[supreg], or pdf format. CDs or DVDs should be labeled with 
the name and organizational affiliation of the filer, and the name of 
the word processing program used to create the document. All personally 
identifiable information (for example, name, address, etc.) voluntarily 
submitted by the commenter may be publicly accessible. Do not submit 
confidential business information or otherwise sensitive or protected 
information. The USPTO will accept anonymous written comments (enter 
``N/A'' in the required fields if you wish to remain anonymous).
    All comments received are part of the public record and will be 
available for public inspection without change via the USPTO's Web site 
at www.uspto.gov/learning-and-resources/ip-policy/hague-conference-private-international-law and at the Office of the Director, Policy and 
International Affairs, located in Madison West, Tenth Floor, 600 Dulany 
Street, Alexandria, Virginia 22314, upon request. Because comments will 
be available for public inspection, information that is not desired to 
be made public, such as name, an address or phone number, etc., should 
not be included in the written comments.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Requests for additional information 
should be directed to the attention of Michael Shapiro, Senior Counsel, 
Office of Policy and International Affairs, USPTO, by telephone at 571-
272-9300, or by email to [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Background

    The Hague Conference is sponsoring negotiations for a convention on 
the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. Following 
preparatory work on the draft convention by a Working Group beginning 
in 2012, in February 2016, the Council on General Affairs and Policy of 
The Hague Conference established a Special Commission to prepare a 
preliminary draft convention on the recognition and enforcement of 
foreign judgments in civil and commercial matters. The first meeting of 
the Special Commission took place June 1-9, 2016, at The Hague, 
Netherlands. The second meeting of the Special Commission is scheduled 
to take place February 16-24, 2017, at The Hague. The text of the 
Preliminary Draft produced at the first session of the Special 
Commission, along with other documents relating to the convention is 
available at: https://www.hcch.net/en/projects/legislative-projects/judgments/special-commission1.

Brief Summary of the Draft Convention

    The Preliminary Draft currently contains 16 articles organized into 
two chapters. Chapter I (Articles 1-3) sets forth the scope and 
definitions for the draft treaty. Chapter II (Articles 4-16) sets forth 
the basic rules governing the recognition and enforcement of judgments 
under the treaty.

Scope, Exclusions From Scope, and Definitions

    The Preliminary Draft applies to the recognition and enforcement of 
judgments in a Contracting State of judgments relating to civil or 
commercial matters in another Contracting State (Article 1). The term 
``judgment'' means any decision on the merits, including determinations 
of costs or expenses related to such decisions (Article 3). Judgments 
related to revenue, customs, and administrative matters are excluded 
from the scope of the Convention (Article 1) as well as more specific 
subject matter such as family law matters, wills and succession, and 
insolvency, but judgments related to intellectual property matters 
(Article 2) are not excluded.

Bases for Recognition and Enforcement

    The Preliminary Draft requires that a judgment of a court in a 
Contracting State (the ``State of origin'') be recognized and enforced 
in another Contracting State (the ``requested State'') without 
reviewing its merits (Article 4). Recognition and enforcement, however, 
may be refused but only under the grounds set forth in the treaty. The 
Preliminary Draft sets forth the bases for recognition and enforcement 
of judgments (Article 5).
    Of particular importance to the intellectual property community are 
paragraphs 5(1)(k) and 5(1)(l), which set forth the bases for the 
recognition and enforcement of judgments for infringements of a patent, 
trademark, design, or other similar right, and judgments on the 
validity or infringement of a copyright or a related right, 
respectively. It should also be noted (subject to Article 6, discussed 
below), a judgment in such an infringement case might also be 
enforceable if one of the other bases for recognition and enforcement 
of the judgment set forth in Article 5 exists (for example, the person 
against whom recognition or enforcement is sought brought the claim on 
which the judgment is based) applies.

Exclusive Bases for Recognition and Enforcement

    Notwithstanding Article 5, a judgment on the registration or 
validity of patents, trademarks, designs, or other similar rights that 
are required to be deposited or registered is eligible for recognition 
and enforcement in a requested State ``if and only if'' the State of 
origin is the State where the deposit or registration took place, or is 
deemed to have taken place under an international or regional

[[Page 81743]]

instrument (Article 6). Judgments on the validity of copyrights or 
related rights, however, are not subject to the exclusive jurisdiction 
rule in Article 6. The Preliminary Draft also lists several bases on 
which a court of a Contracting State may refuse to recognize and 
enforce foreign judgments (Article 7).

Preliminary Questions

    The Preliminary Draft bars the recognition and enforcement of 
rulings on the registration or validity of patents, trademarks, and 
designs, or other similar rights that arose as a preliminary question 
in courts other than those with exclusive jurisdiction under Article 6 
(Article 8(1)). The Explanatory Note Providing Background on the 
Proposed Draft Text and Identifying Outstanding Issues (Prel. Doc. No. 
2) provides the following example of a preliminary question: a ruling 
on the validity of a patent raised as a defense to an infringement 
claim (Prel. Doc. No. 2, para. 111). In such instances, however, a 
court may refuse or postpone the recognition or enforcement of a ruling 
on validity only (1) where the ruling is inconsistent with a judgment 
or a decision of a competent authority on the matter or (2) where the 
proceedings on validity took place in the State with exclusive 
jurisdiction under Article 6 (Article 8(3)). A court may refuse to 
recognize a judgment ``if, and to the extent that, it was based on'' a 
ruling on registration or validity as a preliminary question by in 
courts other than those with exclusive jurisdiction under Article 6.

Damages and Other Remedies

    The Preliminary Draft allows the court of the requested State to 
refuse recognition and enforcement of judgment awarding damages if and 
to the extent that those damages (including exemplary or punitive 
damages) do not compensate a party for actual loss or harm suffered 
(Article 9). The Preliminary Draft does not expressly address 
enforcement of judgments for injunctive relief. However, the 
Explanatory on the Preliminary Draft notes, without expressly 
mentioning injunctive relief, that ``non-money judgments have been 
included in the scope of the Proposed Draft Text'' (Prel. Doc. No 2, 
para. 52).

Questions Posed

    The USPTO is seeking comments on the Preliminary Draft as it 
relates to intellectual property. Interested members of the public are 
invited to present written comments on any issues they believe to be 
relevant to protection of intellectual property or any aspect of the 
proposed Convention as it relates to intellectual property. Comments 
also are invited on any or all of the questions listed below.
    As used in the Preliminary Draft, the term ``intellectual property 
rights'' includes patents, trademarks, designs, and copyrights or 
related rights. If your response does not apply to all of these 
intellectual property rights, please state the specific intellectual 
property right, or rights, to which your response applies. Other 
intellectual property rights that are outside the scope of the current 
text of the Preliminary Draft, such as trade secrets, are identified 
separately in this notice where appropriate.
    With respect to these and any other issues raised by the 
Preliminary Draft, in your responses, please: (1) Clearly identify the 
matter being addressed; (2) provide examples where appropriate; (3) 
identify any relevant legal authorities to support your comment; (4) 
indicate approaches and provisions that are unacceptable; and (5) 
express preferences for approaches, effective solutions to specific 
challenges, and drafting recommendations to address the matter being 
addressed.
    1. What are your experiences in having U.S. judgments involving 
intellectual property matters recognized and enforced in foreign 
courts?
    2. What are the benefits, if any, of increasing the recognition and 
enforcement of U.S. judgments involving intellectual property matters 
in foreign courts through joining a multilateral treaty?
    3. What are your experiences in having foreign judgments recognized 
in U.S. courts, including on the basis of comity or under state 
statutes?
    4. What are the risks, if any, of increasing the recognition and 
enforcement of foreign judgments involving intellectual property 
matters by U.S. courts through joining a multilateral treaty?
    5. Are uniform rules for international enforcement of intellectual 
property judgments desirable?
    6. What impact, if any, would the territorial nature of 
intellectual property rights have on enforcing rights across borders?
    7. What impact, if any, would differences in procedural practices 
across borders have on enforcing intellectual property rights across 
borders?
    8. What impact, if any, would differences in substantive law have 
on enforcing intellectual property rights across borders?
    9. Would this convention have any disproportionate effects on a 
particular technology sector? If so, which ones and how?
    10. Please identity problems that could occur from recognizing or 
enforcing judgments rendered on intellectual property matters in other 
Contracting States that have policies or laws that are inconsistent 
with U.S. intellectual property laws and policies.
    11. Please identify any challenges with respect to enforcement in 
foreign courts of U.S. judgments, or in U.S. courts of foreign 
judgments, involving intellectual property matters.
    12. How often are U.S. nationals also foreign intellectual property 
owners who would then be able to use this Convention to have judgments 
they obtain in foreign courts enforced by U.S. courts? Would that be 
useful for U.S. nationals?
    13. What changes, if any, to U.S. law would be needed to implement 
the proposed convention? Please identify any drawbacks and/or 
advantages to such changes.
    14. What effect, if any, would the Preliminary Draft have on the 
enforcement of intellectual property rights in the digital environment? 
In particular, should the language in the Preliminary Draft be revised 
to take into account issues that arise in connection with infringement 
and enforcement of intellectual property rights on the Internet?

Exclusions From Scope

    15. Should judgments on the validity and/or the infringements of 
intellectual property rights, other than copyright and related rights, 
be excluded from the scope of the treaty under Article 2(2)? Please 
identify the specific intellectual property right at issue and the 
specific concerns, if any, raised by including it within the scope of 
this convention?
    16. Should judgments on the validity, ownership, subsistence, and/
or the infringement of copyright and related rights be excluded from 
the scope of the treaty under Article 2(2)? Please state the specific 
concerns, if any, raised by including copyrights or related rights 
within the scope of this convention.
    17. Should judgments on the validity or misappropriation and/or 
theft of trade secrets be excluded from the scope of the treaty under 
Article 2(2)? Please state the specific concerns, if any, raised by 
including judgments on the validity or misappropriation and/or theft of 
trade secrets within the scope of this convention.

Bases for Recognition and Enforcement

    18. Should judgments on the infringement of intellectual property 
rights, other than copyright and related

[[Page 81744]]

rights, be included as bases for recognition and enforcement in Article 
5(1)(k)?
    19. Should judgments on the infringements of plant breeders' rights 
be included in Article 5(1)(k)?
    20. Should judgments on the infringements of service marks, trade 
dress, and geographical indications rights be expressly included in 
Article 5(1)(k)?
    21. Should judgments on the validity or infringement of 
unregistered designs and trademarks be included in Article 5(1)(l)?
    22. Should judgments on the validity or the misappropriation and/or 
theft of trade secrets be included in Article 5(1)(l)?
    23. Should the bracketed language in Article 5(1)(l) be included?
    24. Should judgments on the validity, ownership, subsistence or 
infringement of copyright or related rights be included in Article 
5(1)(l) in cases where the right arose under the law of the State of 
origin?
    25. Should such judgments be included in Article 5(1)(l) where the 
right did not arise under the law of the State of origin but where 
another basis for jurisdiction set forth in Article 5 is satisfied?

Exclusive Jurisdiction

    26. With respect to a judgment on the registration or validity of 
patents, trademarks, designs, or other similar rights that are required 
to be deposited, registered, or issued, the Preliminary Draft provides 
for exclusive jurisdiction of the court in the State of origin where 
the right issued or registration took place, or is deemed to have taken 
place under an international or regional instrument (Article 6). Please 
comment on the appropriateness of this rule.
    27. Should a judgment on the registration or validity of mask works 
or vessel designs that are required to be deposited, registered, or 
issued be included in Article 6?

Preliminary Matters

    28. What are your experiences in having U.S. rulings on preliminary 
questions, or judgments based on such rulings, involving the 
registration or validity of patents, trademarks, and designs, or other 
similar rights, by courts other than those with exclusive jurisdiction 
recognized and enforced by a foreign court?
    29. Should a judgment on the registration or validity of mask works 
or vessel designs that are required to be deposited, registered, or 
issued be included in Article 8?
    30. Does Article 8 provide an appropriate framework for resolving 
problems, if any, related to recognition and enforcement of rulings on 
preliminary questions and judgments based on such rulings?
    31. How much discretion should a court in the requested State have 
to refuse or postpone the recognition or enforcement of a ruling on the 
validity of a patent, trademark, design, and other similar rights 
raised as preliminary matter in a court in the State of origin?
    Remedies
    32. Article 9 provides that recognition or enforcement of a 
judgment may be refused if, and to the extent that, the judgment awards 
damages, including exemplary or punitive damages, that do not 
compensate a party for actual loss or harm suffered. Should the court 
in a requested State be allowed to recognize and enforce non-
compensatory damages in judgments involving intellectual property 
matters?
    33. Does Article 9 include the types of damages that would provide 
effective relief for intellectual property right owners? If not, what 
other types of damages or other remedies ought to be included? Why?
    34. How should statutory damages for copyright infringement be 
treated under this Article, and should Article 9 be amended to address 
statutory damages expressly?
    35. When a judgment for infringement of an intellectual property 
covered by the convention includes injunctive relief, should a court in 
the requested State be required to recognize and enforce the award of 
injunctive relief?
    36. If so, should there be any limitation on the circumstances 
under which such awards should be recognized and enforced (for example, 
by specifying the limitation in Article 5)? If not, should a judgment 
for infringement of an intellectual property right covered by the 
convention that includes injunctive relief be excluded as a basis for 
recognition and enforcement, or whole or in part, under Article 5?
    Event Registration Information: To register to attend or to request 
to present as a speaker, please send an email message to 
[email protected] and provide the following information: (1) 
Your name, title, company or organization (if applicable), address, 
phone number, and email address; (2) whether you wish to attend in 
person or via webcast; and (3) whether you wish to make an oral 
presentation at the meeting and, if so, which question(s) identified in 
the supplementary information section of this notice will be addressed 
and the approximate desired length of your presentation. Each attendee, 
even if from the same organization, must register separately. In order 
to give all speakers a meaningful opportunity to speak, the USPTO may 
not be able to accommodate all persons who wish to make a presentation. 
However, the USPTO will attempt to accommodate as many persons as 
possible who wish to make a presentation. After reviewing the speaker 
requests and the information regarding the presentations provided in 
the requests, the USPTO will contact each speaker prior to the event 
with the amount of time available and the approximate time that the 
speaker's presentation is scheduled to begin. The amount of time 
available for each speaker presentation and selected speakers without a 
formal presentation may be limited to ensure that all persons selected 
to speak will have a meaningful opportunity to do so. Speakers who opt 
to employ slides as part of their presentation must send final 
electronic copies of the slides in Microsoft PowerPoint[supreg] to 
[email protected] by January 5, 2017, so that the slides can 
be displayed at the meeting. Additionally, and only if time allows, the 
USPTO will provide an opportunity for persons in the audience, who did 
not register as speakers or were not selected as speakers, to speak at 
the meeting without a formal presentation. For more information on the 
meeting, including webcast access instructions, agenda, and a list of 
speakers, please visit USPTO's Web site at www.uspto.gov/learning-and-resources/ip-policy/hague-conference-private-international-law. If 
special accommodations due to a disability are needed, please inform 
the contact person(s) identified under the heading FOR FURTHER 
INFORMATION CONTACT.

    Dated: November 14, 2016.
Michelle K. Lee,
Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual Property and Director of 
the United States Patent and Trademark Office.
[FR Doc. 2016-27799 Filed 11-17-16; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 3510-16-P



                                                                              Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 223 / Friday, November 18, 2016 / Notices                                                81741

                                                  information security systems, facilities                Estimated Total Annual Cost to Public                 clarity of the information to be
                                                  and procedures in place to protect the                     ACAB Systems Safeguards Attestation                collected; and (d) ways to minimize the
                                                  security of the Limited Access DMF, as                  Form: NTIS expects to receive                         burden of the collection of information
                                                  required under Section 1110.102(a)(2) of                approximately 500 ACAB Systems                        on respondents, including through the
                                                  the final rule. The AG or IG Systems                    Safeguards Attestation Forms annually                 use of automated collection techniques
                                                  Safeguards Attestation Form collects                    at a fee of $525 per form, for a total cost           or other forms of information
                                                  information based on an assessment by                   of $262,500. This total annual cost                   technology.
                                                  the state or local government AG or IG                  reflects the cost to the Federal                        Comments submitted in response to
                                                  conducted within three years prior to                   Government for the ACAB Systems                       this notice will be summarized and/or
                                                  the date of the Person or Certified                     Safeguards Attestation Forms, which                   included in the request for OMB
                                                  Person’s submission of a completed                      consists of the expenses associated with              approval of this information collection;
                                                  certification statement under Section                   NTIS personnel reviewing and                          they also will become a matter of public
                                                  1110.101(a) of the final rule. This                     processing these forms. NTIS estimates                record.
                                                  collection includes specific                            that it will take an ACAB’s senior                    Sheleen Dumas,
                                                  requirements of the final rule, which the               auditor three hours to complete the form
                                                  state or local government AG or IG must                                                                       PRA Departmental Lead, Office of the Chief
                                                                                                          at a rate of approximately $135 per                   Information Officer.
                                                  certify are satisfied, and the provision of             hour, for a total additional cost to the              [FR Doc. 2016–27707 Filed 11–17–16; 8:45 am]
                                                  specific information by the state or local              public of $202,500 (1500 burden hours
                                                  government AG or IG, such as the date                                                                         BILLING CODE 3510–13–P
                                                                                                          × $135/hour = $202,500). NTIS
                                                  of the assessment.                                      estimates the total annual cost to the
                                                  III. Data                                               public for the ACAB Systems                           DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
                                                                                                          Safeguards forms to be $465,000
                                                     OMB Control Number: [0692–XXXX].                     ($262,500 in fees + $202,500 in staff                 Patent and Trademark Office
                                                     Form Number(s): NTIS FM100A and                      time = $465,000).
                                                  NTIS FM100B.                                                                                                  [Docket No.: PTO–P–2016–0046]
                                                                                                             AG or IG Systems Safeguards
                                                     Type of Review: New information                      Attestation Form: NTIS expects to                     Request for Comments and Notice of
                                                  collection.                                             receive approximately 60 AG or IG                     Public Meeting on a Preliminary Draft
                                                     Affected Public: Accredited                          Systems Safeguards Attestation Forms                  Convention on the Recognition and
                                                  Conformity Assessment Bodies and state                  annually at a fee of $525 per form, for               Enforcement of Foreign Judgments
                                                  or local government Auditors General or                 a total cost of $31,500. This total annual            Currently Being Negotiated at The
                                                  Inspectors General attesting that a                     cost reflects the cost to the Federal                 Hague Conference on Private
                                                  Person seeking certification or a                       Government for the AG or IG Systems                   International Law
                                                  Certified Person seeking renewal of                     Safeguards Attestation Forms, which
                                                  certification under the final rule for the              consists of the expenses associated with              AGENCY:  United States Patent and
                                                  ‘‘Certification Program for Access to the               NTIS personnel reviewing and                          Trademark Office, Department of
                                                  Death Master File’’ has information                     processing these forms. NTIS estimates                Commerce.
                                                  security systems, facilities and                        that it will take an AG or IG senior                  ACTION: Notice of public meeting;
                                                  procedures in place to protect the                      auditor three hours to complete the form              request for comments.
                                                  security of the Limited Access DMF, as                  at a rate of approximately $100 per
                                                  required by the final rule.                             hour, for a total additional cost to the              SUMMARY:   The Hague Conference on
                                                                                                          public of $18,000 (180 burden hours ×                 Private International Law (‘‘The Hague
                                                  Estimated Number of Respondents                         $100/hour = $18,000). NTIS estimates                  Conference’’), an international
                                                     ACAB Systems Safeguards Attestation                  the total annual cost to the public for               organization in the Netherlands, is
                                                  Form: NTIS expects to receive                           AG or IG Systems Safeguards                           sponsoring negotiations for a
                                                  approximately 500 ACAB Systems                          Attestation Forms to be $49,500                       convention on the recognition and
                                                  Safeguards Attestation Forms from                       ($31,500 in fees + $18,000 in staff time              enforcement of foreign judgments in
                                                  Persons and Certified Persons annually.                 = $49,500).                                           civil and commercial matters. In
                                                     AG or IG Systems Safeguards                             NTIS estimates the total annual cost               February 2016, the Council on General
                                                  Attestation Form: NTIS expects to                       to the public for both the ACAB Systems               Affairs and Policy of The Hague
                                                  receive approximately 60 AG or IG                       Safeguards Attestation Forms and the                  Conference created a Special
                                                  Systems Safeguards Attestation Forms                    AG or IG Systems Safeguards                           Commission on the Recognition and
                                                  from Persons and Certified Persons                      Attestation Forms to be $514,500                      Enforcement of Foreign Judgments (‘‘the
                                                  annually.                                               ($465,000 for ACAB Systems Safeguards                 Special Commission’’) to prepare a
                                                                                                          Attestation Forms + $49,500 for AG or                 preliminary draft text of the convention,
                                                  Estimated Time per Response                             IG Systems Safeguards Attestation                     which is subject to a formal diplomatic
                                                                                                          Forms.                                                negotiation open to member States of
                                                    ACAB Systems Safeguards Attestation
                                                                                                                                                                The Hague Conference. At its first
                                                  Form: 3 hours.                                          IV. Request for Comments                              session in June 2016, the Special
                                                    AG or IG Systems Safeguards                              Comments are invited on: (a) Whether               Commission produced a Preliminary
                                                  Attestation Form: 3 hours.                              the proposed collection of information                Draft Convention that contains general
                                                    Estimated Total Annual Burden                         is necessary for the proper performance               and specific provisions that would
mstockstill on DSK3G9T082PROD with NOTICES




                                                  Hours: 1680.                                            of the functions of the agency, including             apply to the recognition and
                                                    ACAB Systems Safeguards Attestation                   whether the information shall have                    enforcement of judgments arising from
                                                  Form: 1500 (500 × 3 hours = 1500                        practical utility; (b) the accuracy of the            transnational intellectual property
                                                  hours).                                                 agency’s estimate of the burden                       disputes. The United States Patent and
                                                    AG or IG Systems Safeguards                           (including hours and cost) of the                     Trademark Office (USPTO) seeks public
                                                  Attestation Form: 180 (60 × 3 hours =                   proposed collection of information; (c)               comments on the June 2016 Preliminary
                                                  180 hours).                                             ways to enhance the quality, utility, and             Draft Convention (the ‘‘Preliminary


                                             VerDate Sep<11>2014   20:21 Nov 17, 2016   Jkt 241001   PO 00000   Frm 00023   Fmt 4703   Sfmt 4703   E:\FR\FM\18NON1.SGM   18NON1


                                                  81742                       Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 223 / Friday, November 18, 2016 / Notices

                                                  Draft’’) as it relates to intellectual                  sensitive or protected information. The               Scope, Exclusions From Scope, and
                                                  property matters.                                       USPTO will accept anonymous written                   Definitions
                                                     To assist the USPTO in determining                   comments (enter ‘‘N/A’’ in the required                  The Preliminary Draft applies to the
                                                  the best way to address this topic, the                 fields if you wish to remain                          recognition and enforcement of
                                                  USPTO will host a public meeting to                     anonymous).                                           judgments in a Contracting State of
                                                  obtain public input. The meeting will be                   All comments received are part of the
                                                                                                                                                                judgments relating to civil or
                                                  open to the public and will provide a                   public record and will be available for
                                                                                                                                                                commercial matters in another
                                                  forum for discussion of the questions                   public inspection without change via
                                                                                                                                                                Contracting State (Article 1). The term
                                                  identified in this notice. Written                      the USPTO’s Web site at
                                                                                                                                                                ‘‘judgment’’ means any decision on the
                                                  comments in response to the questions                   www.uspto.gov/learning-and-resources/
                                                                                                                                                                merits, including determinations of
                                                  set forth in this notice also are                       ip-policy/hague-conference-private-
                                                                                                                                                                costs or expenses related to such
                                                  requested.                                              international-law and at the Office of
                                                                                                                                                                decisions (Article 3). Judgments related
                                                  DATES: The public meeting will be held                  the Director, Policy and International
                                                                                                                                                                to revenue, customs, and administrative
                                                  on January 12, 2017, beginning at 1:00                  Affairs, located in Madison West, Tenth
                                                                                                                                                                matters are excluded from the scope of
                                                  p.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST) and                    Floor, 600 Dulany Street, Alexandria,
                                                                                                                                                                the Convention (Article 1) as well as
                                                  ending at 4:00 p.m. EST.                                Virginia 22314, upon request. Because
                                                                                                                                                                more specific subject matter such as
                                                     Public Meeting Registration Deadline:                comments will be available for public
                                                                                                                                                                family law matters, wills and
                                                  Registration to attend the public                       inspection, information that is not
                                                                                                                                                                succession, and insolvency, but
                                                  meeting in person or via webcast is                     desired to be made public, such as
                                                                                                                                                                judgments related to intellectual
                                                  required by January 5, 2017.                            name, an address or phone number, etc.,
                                                                                                                                                                property matters (Article 2) are not
                                                  Additionally, requests to participate in                should not be included in the written
                                                                                                                                                                excluded.
                                                  the public meeting as a speaker must be                 comments.
                                                  submitted in writing no later than                      FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:                      Bases for Recognition and Enforcement
                                                  December 29, 2016. See the ‘‘Event                      Requests for additional information                      The Preliminary Draft requires that a
                                                  Registration Information’’ section of this              should be directed to the attention of                judgment of a court in a Contracting
                                                  notice for additional details on how to                 Michael Shapiro, Senior Counsel, Office               State (the ‘‘State of origin’’) be
                                                  register and how to request to present as               of Policy and International Affairs,                  recognized and enforced in another
                                                  a speaker.                                              USPTO, by telephone at 571–272–9300,                  Contracting State (the ‘‘requested State’’)
                                                     Written Comments: Written comments                   or by email to judgmentsproject@                      without reviewing its merits (Article 4).
                                                  must be received on or before January 9,                uspto.gov.                                            Recognition and enforcement, however,
                                                  2017.                                                   SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:                            may be refused but only under the
                                                  ADDRESSES:                                                                                                    grounds set forth in the treaty. The
                                                     Event Address: The public meeting                    Background                                            Preliminary Draft sets forth the bases for
                                                  will be held in the USPTO                                 The Hague Conference is sponsoring                  recognition and enforcement of
                                                  Headquarters, Global Intellectual                       negotiations for a convention on the                  judgments (Article 5).
                                                  Property Academy (GIPA), Madison                        recognition and enforcement of foreign                   Of particular importance to the
                                                  Building (East), Second Floor, 600                      judgments. Following preparatory work                 intellectual property community are
                                                  Dulany Street, Alexandria, Virginia                     on the draft convention by a Working                  paragraphs 5(1)(k) and 5(1)(l), which set
                                                  22314.                                                  Group beginning in 2012, in February                  forth the bases for the recognition and
                                                     Written Comments: Interested parties                 2016, the Council on General Affairs                  enforcement of judgments for
                                                  are encouraged to file written comments                 and Policy of The Hague Conference                    infringements of a patent, trademark,
                                                  electronically by email to                              established a Special Commission to                   design, or other similar right, and
                                                  judgmentsproject@uspto.gov. Comments                    prepare a preliminary draft convention                judgments on the validity or
                                                  submitted by email should be machine-                   on the recognition and enforcement of                 infringement of a copyright or a related
                                                  searchable and should not be copy-                      foreign judgments in civil and                        right, respectively. It should also be
                                                  protected. Written comments also may                    commercial matters. The first meeting of              noted (subject to Article 6, discussed
                                                  be submitted by mail to the Office of                   the Special Commission took place June                below), a judgment in such an
                                                  Policy and International Affairs, United                1–9, 2016, at The Hague, Netherlands.                 infringement case might also be
                                                  States Patent and Trademark Office,                     The second meeting of the Special                     enforceable if one of the other bases for
                                                  Mail Stop International Affairs, P.O. Box               Commission is scheduled to take place                 recognition and enforcement of the
                                                  1450, Alexandria, Virginia 22313–1450.                  February 16–24, 2017, at The Hague.                   judgment set forth in Article 5 exists (for
                                                  Responders should include the name of                   The text of the Preliminary Draft                     example, the person against whom
                                                  the person or organization filing the                   produced at the first session of the                  recognition or enforcement is sought
                                                  comment, as well as a page number, on                   Special Commission, along with other                  brought the claim on which the
                                                  each page of their submissions. Paper                   documents relating to the convention is               judgment is based) applies.
                                                  submissions should also include a CD or                 available at: https://www.hcch.net/en/
                                                  DVD containing the submission in MS                                                                           Exclusive Bases for Recognition and
                                                                                                          projects/legislative-projects/judgments/              Enforcement
                                                  Word®, WordPerfect®, or pdf format.                     special-commission1.
                                                  CDs or DVDs should be labeled with the                                                                           Notwithstanding Article 5, a judgment
                                                  name and organizational affiliation of                  Brief Summary of the Draft Convention                 on the registration or validity of patents,
                                                  the filer, and the name of the word                       The Preliminary Draft currently                     trademarks, designs, or other similar
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                                                  processing program used to create the                   contains 16 articles organized into two               rights that are required to be deposited
                                                  document. All personally identifiable                   chapters. Chapter I (Articles 1–3) sets               or registered is eligible for recognition
                                                  information (for example, name,                         forth the scope and definitions for the               and enforcement in a requested State ‘‘if
                                                  address, etc.) voluntarily submitted by                 draft treaty. Chapter II (Articles 4–16)              and only if’’ the State of origin is the
                                                  the commenter may be publicly                           sets forth the basic rules governing the              State where the deposit or registration
                                                  accessible. Do not submit confidential                  recognition and enforcement of                        took place, or is deemed to have taken
                                                  business information or otherwise                       judgments under the treaty.                           place under an international or regional


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                                                                              Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 223 / Friday, November 18, 2016 / Notices                                            81743

                                                  instrument (Article 6). Judgments on the                the proposed Convention as it relates to              technology sector? If so, which ones and
                                                  validity of copyrights or related rights,               intellectual property. Comments also are              how?
                                                  however, are not subject to the exclusive               invited on any or all of the questions                   10. Please identity problems that
                                                  jurisdiction rule in Article 6. The                     listed below.                                         could occur from recognizing or
                                                  Preliminary Draft also lists several bases                 As used in the Preliminary Draft, the              enforcing judgments rendered on
                                                  on which a court of a Contracting State                 term ‘‘intellectual property rights’’                 intellectual property matters in other
                                                  may refuse to recognize and enforce                     includes patents, trademarks, designs,                Contracting States that have policies or
                                                  foreign judgments (Article 7).                          and copyrights or related rights. If your             laws that are inconsistent with U.S.
                                                                                                          response does not apply to all of these               intellectual property laws and policies.
                                                  Preliminary Questions                                                                                            11. Please identify any challenges
                                                                                                          intellectual property rights, please state
                                                     The Preliminary Draft bars the                       the specific intellectual property right,             with respect to enforcement in foreign
                                                  recognition and enforcement of rulings                  or rights, to which your response                     courts of U.S. judgments, or in U.S.
                                                  on the registration or validity of patents,             applies. Other intellectual property                  courts of foreign judgments, involving
                                                  trademarks, and designs, or other                       rights that are outside the scope of the              intellectual property matters.
                                                  similar rights that arose as a preliminary              current text of the Preliminary Draft,                   12. How often are U.S. nationals also
                                                  question in courts other than those with                such as trade secrets, are identified                 foreign intellectual property owners
                                                  exclusive jurisdiction under Article 6                  separately in this notice where                       who would then be able to use this
                                                  (Article 8(1)). The Explanatory Note                    appropriate.                                          Convention to have judgments they
                                                  Providing Background on the Proposed                       With respect to these and any other                obtain in foreign courts enforced by U.S.
                                                  Draft Text and Identifying Outstanding                  issues raised by the Preliminary Draft,               courts? Would that be useful for U.S.
                                                  Issues (Prel. Doc. No. 2) provides the                  in your responses, please: (1) Clearly                nationals?
                                                  following example of a preliminary                      identify the matter being addressed; (2)                 13. What changes, if any, to U.S. law
                                                  question: a ruling on the validity of a                 provide examples where appropriate; (3)               would be needed to implement the
                                                  patent raised as a defense to an                        identify any relevant legal authorities to            proposed convention? Please identify
                                                  infringement claim (Prel. Doc. No. 2,                   support your comment; (4) indicate                    any drawbacks and/or advantages to
                                                  para. 111). In such instances, however,                 approaches and provisions that are                    such changes.
                                                  a court may refuse or postpone the                      unacceptable; and (5) express                            14. What effect, if any, would the
                                                  recognition or enforcement of a ruling                  preferences for approaches, effective                 Preliminary Draft have on the
                                                  on validity only (1) where the ruling is                solutions to specific challenges, and                 enforcement of intellectual property
                                                  inconsistent with a judgment or a                       drafting recommendations to address                   rights in the digital environment? In
                                                  decision of a competent authority on the                the matter being addressed.                           particular, should the language in the
                                                  matter or (2) where the proceedings on                     1. What are your experiences in                    Preliminary Draft be revised to take into
                                                  validity took place in the State with                   having U.S. judgments involving                       account issues that arise in connection
                                                  exclusive jurisdiction under Article 6                  intellectual property matters recognized              with infringement and enforcement of
                                                  (Article 8(3)). A court may refuse to                   and enforced in foreign courts?                       intellectual property rights on the
                                                  recognize a judgment ‘‘if, and to the                      2. What are the benefits, if any, of               Internet?
                                                  extent that, it was based on’’ a ruling on              increasing the recognition and
                                                                                                                                                                Exclusions From Scope
                                                  registration or validity as a preliminary               enforcement of U.S. judgments
                                                  question by in courts other than those                  involving intellectual property matters                  15. Should judgments on the validity
                                                  with exclusive jurisdiction under                       in foreign courts through joining a                   and/or the infringements of intellectual
                                                  Article 6.                                              multilateral treaty?                                  property rights, other than copyright
                                                                                                             3. What are your experiences in                    and related rights, be excluded from the
                                                  Damages and Other Remedies                                                                                    scope of the treaty under Article 2(2)?
                                                                                                          having foreign judgments recognized in
                                                    The Preliminary Draft allows the                      U.S. courts, including on the basis of                Please identify the specific intellectual
                                                  court of the requested State to refuse                  comity or under state statutes?                       property right at issue and the specific
                                                  recognition and enforcement of                             4. What are the risks, if any, of                  concerns, if any, raised by including it
                                                  judgment awarding damages if and to                     increasing the recognition and                        within the scope of this convention?
                                                  the extent that those damages (including                enforcement of foreign judgments                         16. Should judgments on the validity,
                                                  exemplary or punitive damages) do not                   involving intellectual property matters               ownership, subsistence, and/or the
                                                  compensate a party for actual loss or                   by U.S. courts through joining a                      infringement of copyright and related
                                                  harm suffered (Article 9). The                          multilateral treaty?                                  rights be excluded from the scope of the
                                                  Preliminary Draft does not expressly                       5. Are uniform rules for international             treaty under Article 2(2)? Please state
                                                  address enforcement of judgments for                    enforcement of intellectual property                  the specific concerns, if any, raised by
                                                  injunctive relief. However, the                         judgments desirable?                                  including copyrights or related rights
                                                  Explanatory on the Preliminary Draft                       6. What impact, if any, would the                  within the scope of this convention.
                                                  notes, without expressly mentioning                     territorial nature of intellectual property              17. Should judgments on the validity
                                                  injunctive relief, that ‘‘non-money                     rights have on enforcing rights across                or misappropriation and/or theft of
                                                  judgments have been included in the                     borders?                                              trade secrets be excluded from the scope
                                                  scope of the Proposed Draft Text’’ (Prel.                  7. What impact, if any, would                      of the treaty under Article 2(2)? Please
                                                  Doc. No 2, para. 52).                                   differences in procedural practices                   state the specific concerns, if any, raised
                                                                                                          across borders have on enforcing                      by including judgments on the validity
                                                  Questions Posed
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                                                                                                          intellectual property rights across                   or misappropriation and/or theft of
                                                    The USPTO is seeking comments on                      borders?                                              trade secrets within the scope of this
                                                  the Preliminary Draft as it relates to                     8. What impact, if any, would                      convention.
                                                  intellectual property. Interested                       differences in substantive law have on
                                                  members of the public are invited to                    enforcing intellectual property rights                Bases for Recognition and Enforcement
                                                  present written comments on any issues                  across borders?                                          18. Should judgments on the
                                                  they believe to be relevant to protection                  9. Would this convention have any                  infringement of intellectual property
                                                  of intellectual property or any aspect of               disproportionate effects on a particular              rights, other than copyright and related


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                                                  81744                       Federal Register / Vol. 81, No. 223 / Friday, November 18, 2016 / Notices

                                                  rights, be included as bases for                           30. Does Article 8 provide an                      Each attendee, even if from the same
                                                  recognition and enforcement in Article                  appropriate framework for resolving                   organization, must register separately. In
                                                  5(1)(k)?                                                problems, if any, related to recognition              order to give all speakers a meaningful
                                                     19. Should judgments on the                          and enforcement of rulings on                         opportunity to speak, the USPTO may
                                                  infringements of plant breeders’ rights                 preliminary questions and judgments                   not be able to accommodate all persons
                                                  be included in Article 5(1)(k)?                         based on such rulings?                                who wish to make a presentation.
                                                     20. Should judgments on the                             31. How much discretion should a                   However, the USPTO will attempt to
                                                  infringements of service marks, trade                   court in the requested State have to                  accommodate as many persons as
                                                  dress, and geographical indications                     refuse or postpone the recognition or                 possible who wish to make a
                                                  rights be expressly included in Article                 enforcement of a ruling on the validity               presentation. After reviewing the
                                                  5(1)(k)?                                                of a patent, trademark, design, and other             speaker requests and the information
                                                     21. Should judgments on the validity                 similar rights raised as preliminary                  regarding the presentations provided in
                                                  or infringement of unregistered designs                 matter in a court in the State of origin?             the requests, the USPTO will contact
                                                  and trademarks be included in Article                      Remedies                                           each speaker prior to the event with the
                                                                                                             32. Article 9 provides that recognition            amount of time available and the
                                                  5(1)(l)?
                                                                                                          or enforcement of a judgment may be                   approximate time that the speaker’s
                                                     22. Should judgments on the validity
                                                                                                          refused if, and to the extent that, the               presentation is scheduled to begin. The
                                                  or the misappropriation and/or theft of
                                                                                                          judgment awards damages, including                    amount of time available for each
                                                  trade secrets be included in Article                    exemplary or punitive damages, that do
                                                  5(1)(l)?                                                                                                      speaker presentation and selected
                                                                                                          not compensate a party for actual loss or             speakers without a formal presentation
                                                     23. Should the bracketed language in                 harm suffered. Should the court in a
                                                  Article 5(1)(l) be included?                                                                                  may be limited to ensure that all
                                                                                                          requested State be allowed to recognize               persons selected to speak will have a
                                                     24. Should judgments on the validity,                and enforce non-compensatory damages
                                                  ownership, subsistence or infringement                                                                        meaningful opportunity to do so.
                                                                                                          in judgments involving intellectual                   Speakers who opt to employ slides as
                                                  of copyright or related rights be                       property matters?
                                                  included in Article 5(1)(l) in cases                                                                          part of their presentation must send
                                                                                                             33. Does Article 9 include the types
                                                  where the right arose under the law of                                                                        final electronic copies of the slides in
                                                                                                          of damages that would provide effective
                                                  the State of origin?                                                                                          Microsoft PowerPoint® to
                                                                                                          relief for intellectual property right
                                                     25. Should such judgments be                                                                               judgmentsproject@uspto.gov by January
                                                                                                          owners? If not, what other types of
                                                  included in Article 5(1)(l) where the                                                                         5, 2017, so that the slides can be
                                                                                                          damages or other remedies ought to be
                                                  right did not arise under the law of the                                                                      displayed at the meeting. Additionally,
                                                                                                          included? Why?
                                                  State of origin but where another basis                    34. How should statutory damages for               and only if time allows, the USPTO will
                                                  for jurisdiction set forth in Article 5 is              copyright infringement be treated under               provide an opportunity for persons in
                                                  satisfied?                                              this Article, and should Article 9 be                 the audience, who did not register as
                                                                                                          amended to address statutory damages                  speakers or were not selected as
                                                  Exclusive Jurisdiction                                                                                        speakers, to speak at the meeting
                                                                                                          expressly?
                                                     26. With respect to a judgment on the                   35. When a judgment for infringement               without a formal presentation. For more
                                                  registration or validity of patents,                    of an intellectual property covered by                information on the meeting, including
                                                  trademarks, designs, or other similar                   the convention includes injunctive                    webcast access instructions, agenda, and
                                                  rights that are required to be deposited,               relief, should a court in the requested               a list of speakers, please visit USPTO’s
                                                  registered, or issued, the Preliminary                  State be required to recognize and                    Web site at www.uspto.gov/learning-
                                                  Draft provides for exclusive jurisdiction               enforce the award of injunctive relief?               and-resources/ip-policy/hague-
                                                  of the court in the State of origin where                  36. If so, should there be any                     conference-private-international-law. If
                                                  the right issued or registration took                   limitation on the circumstances under                 special accommodations due to a
                                                  place, or is deemed to have taken place                 which such awards should be                           disability are needed, please inform the
                                                  under an international or regional                      recognized and enforced (for example,                 contact person(s) identified under the
                                                  instrument (Article 6). Please comment                  by specifying the limitation in Article               heading FOR FURTHER
                                                  on the appropriateness of this rule.                    5)? If not, should a judgment for                     INFORMATION CONTACT.
                                                     27. Should a judgment on the                         infringement of an intellectual property                Dated: November 14, 2016.
                                                  registration or validity of mask works or               right covered by the convention that                  Michelle K. Lee,
                                                  vessel designs that are required to be                  includes injunctive relief be excluded as             Under Secretary of Commerce for Intellectual
                                                  deposited, registered, or issued be                     a basis for recognition and enforcement,              Property and Director of the United States
                                                  included in Article 6?                                  or whole or in part, under Article 5?                 Patent and Trademark Office.
                                                                                                             Event Registration Information: To                 [FR Doc. 2016–27799 Filed 11–17–16; 8:45 am]
                                                  Preliminary Matters
                                                                                                          register to attend or to request to present           BILLING CODE 3510–16–P
                                                     28. What are your experiences in                     as a speaker, please send an email
                                                  having U.S. rulings on preliminary                      message to judgmentsproject@uspto.gov
                                                  questions, or judgments based on such                   and provide the following information:
                                                  rulings, involving the registration or                  (1) Your name, title, company or                      COMMITTEE FOR PURCHASE FROM
                                                  validity of patents, trademarks, and                    organization (if applicable), address,                PEOPLE WHO ARE BLIND OR
                                                  designs, or other similar rights, by                    phone number, and email address; (2)                  SEVERELY; DISABLED
                                                  courts other than those with exclusive                  whether you wish to attend in person or
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                                                  jurisdiction recognized and enforced by                 via webcast; and (3) whether you wish                 Procurement List; Proposed Deletions
                                                  a foreign court?                                        to make an oral presentation at the                   AGENCY:  Committee for Purchase From
                                                     29. Should a judgment on the                         meeting and, if so, which question(s)                 People Who Are Blind or Severely
                                                  registration or validity of mask works or               identified in the supplementary                       Disabled.
                                                  vessel designs that are required to be                  information section of this notice will
                                                                                                                                                                ACTION: Proposed Deletions from the
                                                  deposited, registered, or issued be                     be addressed and the approximate
                                                                                                                                                                Procurement List.
                                                  included in Article 8?                                  desired length of your presentation.


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Document Created: 2018-02-14 08:32:12
Document Modified: 2018-02-14 08:32:12
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionNotices
ActionNotice of public meeting; request for comments.
DatesThe public meeting will be held on January 12, 2017, beginning at 1:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time (EST) and ending at 4:00 p.m. EST.
ContactRequests for additional information should be directed to the attention of Michael Shapiro, Senior Counsel, Office of Policy and International Affairs, USPTO, by telephone at 571- 272-9300, or by email to [email protected]
FR Citation81 FR 81741 

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