82 FR 13644 - Notice of Issuance of Final Determination Concerning Certain Data Storage Products

DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
U.S. Customs and Border Protection

Federal Register Volume 82, Issue 48 (March 14, 2017)

This document provides notice that U.S. Customs and Border Protection (``CBP'') has issued a final determination concerning the country of origin of three data storage products. Based upon the facts presented, CBP has concluded that the country of origin of two data storage products is Mexico and the country of origin of the third data storage is Malaysia for purposes of U.S. Government procurement.

[Federal Register Volume 82, Number 48 (Tuesday, March 14, 2017)]
[Notices]
[Pages 13644-13648]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2017-04953]


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DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY

U.S. Customs and Border Protection


Notice of Issuance of Final Determination Concerning Certain Data 
Storage Products

AGENCY: U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Department of Homeland 
Security.

ACTION: Notice of final determination.

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SUMMARY: This document provides notice that U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection (``CBP'') has issued a final determination concerning the 
country of origin of three data storage products. Based upon the facts 
presented, CBP has concluded that the country of origin of two data 
storage products is Mexico and the country of origin of the third data 
storage is Malaysia for purposes of U.S. Government procurement.

DATES: The final determination was issued on March 8, 2017. A copy of 
the final determination is attached. Any party-at-interest, as defined 
in 19 CFR 177.22(d), may seek judicial review of this final 
determination within April 13, 2017.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Grace A. Kim, Tariff Classification 
and Marking Branch, Regulations and Rulings, Office of Trade, (202) 
325-7941.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Notice is hereby given that on March 8, 
2017, pursuant to subpart B of part 177, U.S. Customs and Border 
Protection Regulations (19 CFR 177(B)), CBP issued a final 
determination concerning the country of origin of certain data storage 
products, which may be offered to the U.S. Government under an 
undesignated government procurement contract. This final determination, 
HQ H269185, was issued under procedures set forth at 19 CFR 177(B), 
which implements Title III of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979, as 
amended (19 U.S.C. 2511-18). In the final determination, CBP concluded 
that for two of the three products, the processing in Mexico results in 
a substantial transformation. However, for the third product, the 
processing in Mexico does not result in a substantial transformation. 
Therefore, the country of origin of two data storage products is

[[Page 13645]]

Mexico and the country of origin of the third data storage is Malaysia 
for purposes of U.S. Government procurement.
    Section 177.29, CBP Regulations (19 CFR 177.29), provides that a 
notice of final determination shall be published in the Federal 
Register within 60 days of the date the final determination is issued. 
Section 177.30, CBP Regulations (19 CFR 177.30), provides that any 
party-at-interest, as defined in 19 CFR 177.22(d), may seek judicial 
review of a final determination within 30 days of publication of such 
determination in the Federal Register.

    Dated: March 8, 2017.
Alice A. Kipel,
Executive Director, Regulations and Rulings, Office of Trade.
Attachment
HQ H269185
OT:RR:CTF:VS H269185 GaK
CATEGORY: Marking
Stuart P. Seidel
Baker & McKenzie LLP
815 Connecticut Ave. NW.
Washington, DC 20006

RE: Final Determination; Government Procurement; Country of Origin of 
data storage system; Substantial Transformation

Dear Mr. Seidel:

    This is in response to a letter we received dated September 18, 
2013, requesting a final determination on behalf of [********] (``the 
Company''), pursuant to subpart B of Part 177 of the U.S. Customs and 
Border Protection Regulations (19 CFR part 177) and to two follow-up 
submissions dated January 6, 2014, and May 30, 2014. You also requested 
a country of origin marking decision. CBP also received notification on 
July 21, 2015 that the Company was acquired by another corporation and 
counsel for the Company was replaced. Under 19 CFR part 177, which 
implements Title III of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (TAA), as 
amended (19 U.S.C. 2511 et seq.), CBP issues country of origin advisory 
rulings and final determinations as to whether an article is or would 
be a product of a designated country or instrumentality for the 
purposes of granting waivers of certain ``Buy American'' restrictions 
in U.S. law or practice for products offered for sale to the U.S. 
Government.
    This final determination concerns the country of origin of three 
data storage products for government procurement. As a U.S. importer, 
the Company is a party-at-interest within the meaning of 19 CFR 
177.22(d)(1) and is entitled to request this final determination. A 
meeting was held at our office on February 19, 2014.
    In your letter, you requested confidential treatment for certain 
information contained in the file. Pursuant to 19 CFR 177.2(b)(7), the 
identified information has been bracketed and will be redacted in the 
public version of this final determination.
FACTS:
    The Company is a data storage technology company headquartered in 
the United Kingdom with worldwide operations. The Company manufactures 
a variety of high performance enterprise data storage products that are 
used for the storage of electronic data onto physical disc drives. 
These products serve as the building blocks for medium to large 
corporations with a need to store and access large amounts of data 
securely and rapidly. Physically, the products operate in large server 
rooms or similar facilities, managed by trained professional 
information technology staff.
    Three products are the subject of this ruling and they all apply 
the Integrated Storage Test Platform (``ISTP''). ISTP is a highly 
proprietary, Linux-based global hardware and software solution 
representing approximately 100 man-years of software development time 
over the past ten years and 6,500,000 lines of code, developed in the 
United Kingdom and the United States for the Company's manufacturing 
processes. You state that ISTP is a critical element of the Company's 
products. As discussed infra, the firmware for the three data storage 
products is developed and managed in the United Kingdom and a team of 
19 United Kingdom-based software engineers manage ISTP. There are also 
software engineers at each production facility, including a Mexican 
facility at issue, that are trained by the United Kingdom-based 
engineers. ISTP-qualified engineers are located at the production site 
to provide input into the manufacturing and testing processes and all 
engineers have a high level of competence in ``C'' programming, test 
engineering, and the Company's product knowledge. The ISTP undergoes 
approximately 40 updates a month incorporating customer requirements 
and design updates that directly affect the manufacturing process in 
Mexico.
    Product One, the [********] is a storage application platform 
delivering integrated storage and enterprise server system resources 
that tailor the amount of processing, memory, storage capacity, and 
high bandwidth input/output resources to meet customers' requirements. 
While Product One can be configured based on customer requirements, it 
generally includes hard disc slots that can carry up to 24 hard disc 
drivers in drive carrier, server-grade Intel processor(s), memory 
chips, and seven Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (``PCIe'') 
input/output slots. It can accept both a base-level operating system 
and unique storage applications developed by Original Equipment 
Manufacturers (``OEM''). The chassis subassembly is imported from 
Malaysia; hard disc drives are imported from China, Singapore, or 
Thailand; and a power supply included in the chassis subassembly is 
imported from the Philippines. All of the components are imported into 
Mexico for assembly, firmware installation, inspection, and testing. 
The workers at the Mexican facility are stated to be highly trained and 
many positions require college/technical degrees, in addition to 1-7 
years of experience.
    The assembly process in Mexico starts with the chassis subassembly, 
which is a non-functioning unit that includes certain electronic 
components (e.g., printed circuit board assemblies, a controller/
central processing unit), but not the disc drives, firmware/software, 
or the ISTP configuration essential to the finished product. The 
assembly process takes approximately 135 minutes and is as follows:
    1. The chassis subassembly is removed from the packaging, prepared 
for production, and inspected.
    2. A SAP-trained employee generates labels to be applied to the 
subassembly to track the subassembly parts through the production.
    3. The individual hard drives from China, Singapore, or Thailand, 
and drive carriers from Malaysia are assembled to create 24 disc drive 
assemblies. This process is conducted under stringent electrostatic 
discharge (``ESD'') controlled conditions and operators must use SAP to 
determine the assembly process. The installation of each hard drive 
into the drive carrier takes 12 steps.
    4. The disc drive assemblies are installed into the chassis 
subassembly in a 15 step process, with SAP-generated labels.
    5. The assembled chassis build undergoes first inspection, in an 
approximately 80-85 step process, which primarily focuses on the 
physical condition and the traceability of all the parts.
    6. During the basic assurance test and functional test/firmware and 
software installation, the chassis build is connected to a custom test 
server to

[[Page 13646]]

enable the correct configuration of the unit for customer use. Then, 
the updated software is loaded, including the specified level of 
firmware, vital product data, security data, and serialization 
information. The firmware is developed and managed by engineers in the 
United Kingdom.
    7. A controlled environment reliability test is conducted to ensure 
that the chassis build can endure challenging physical environments 
(excessive heat or cold).
    8. The Hipot test is conducted to verify that the chassis build is 
electrically safe, which confirms that the electric current used to run 
the unit is adequately shielded so that neither the operators nor the 
equipment are harmed by electrical shock and that all insulation is 
installed correctly.
    9. Customer region-specific power cables, installation, and other 
customer-specific documentation are added.
    10. Final inspection is performed.
    Product Two, the [********] is a combined storage and server 
platform on which OEMs can deploy their own data storage software as a 
storage solution to their end customers. The embedded servers have less 
memory, processing, and input/output capacity than Product One, but 
they are designed to provide OEMs with a high availability storage 
solution that can withstand a server failure. While Product Two can be 
configured based on customer requirements, it generally includes hard 
disc drive slots that can carry up to 24 hard disc drives in drive 
carriers, and two embedded server modules with a low-power server-grade 
Intel processor, memory chips, and one PCIe input/output slot. It can 
also accept both a case-level operating system and unique OEM 
applications. The assembly process is similar to the Product One 
assembly, in that it starts with the chassis subassembly, but does not 
include disc drive assemblies and has a different computing capacity. 
The assembly process takes approximately 76 minutes of labor time.
    Product Three, the [********], is also substantially similar to 
Product One, but it can incorporate up to 84 disc drives. Otherwise, 
the assembly in Mexico is substantially similar to that of Product One. 
The assembly process takes approximately 355 minutes of labor time.
    During the Basic Assurance Test and Functional Test/Firmware and 
Software Installation process in all three products, the Company loads 
numerous firmware files onto the system (15 firmware files in Product 
One and Product Three, and 22 firmware files in Product Two). The 
specific firmware is said to confer customer specific operational 
functionality to the system and enable the components to work together. 
The disc drives are programmed with key codes in order to work with the 
customer application, and the Company states that the disc drives are 
not functional without this step. The drives are programmed to set up 
to 300 custom drive performance characteristics, such as timeouts, 
error thresholds, and data block size. The Company states that the 
post-assembly programming and testing enables the operation of each 
product and customizes it for its customers. The Company's programming 
process is driven and managed by the ISTP and is as follows:
    1. Initialization and hardware validation is performed to ensure 
that all necessary physical components are present (disc drives, power 
units, batteries, motherboards, other printed circuit boards, etc).
    2. Canister master/slave validation is performed to ensure that the 
``master'' canister (controller) is properly communicating with the 
other canisters (the ``slaves'').
    3. Code load and validation are conducted in three phrases to 
establish the customer-specific operating systems and application code: 
boot loader (loading code that establish initial functions required by 
the customer), enclosure configuration (ensuring that hardware is 
compatible with the software or application that will operate on the 
product), and virtual product data load and configuration (customizing 
the product instruction to be specific to the customer's product).
    4. Motherboard Ethernet branding ensures that the Ethernet ports 
operate correctly.
    5. An SES element test is performed to ensure that sensors are 
present and communicating with the system.
    6. Hard disc drive presence, code load, and validation is performed 
to ensure that all hard disc drives have been installed properly and 
are able to communicate with the system. The Company will load the 
customer's firmware and establish the operational behavior of the 
drives.
    7. A hard disc drive rotational vibration test is performed to 
ensure that the fan vibration does not affect the integrity of data 
sent to and received by the disc drives.
    8. Hard disc drive performance, link speed, and status are verified 
to assess the response time between the drives and execute the 
instruction from the main processing unit.
    9. Hard disc drive branding and validation is performed.
    10. Fan speed test is conducted.
    11. Voltage, battery, and temperature validation is performed.
    12. Log analysis is conducted.
    The Company also states that all three storage products are 
classified under subheading 8471.70 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule 
of the United States (``HTSUS''). As reflected in the General Note 
(``GN'') 12(u)(6) of the HTSUS, the Company states that the goods are 
considered originating goods for purposes of the North American Free 
Trade Agreement (``NAFTA'') when imported into the United States from 
Mexico. The Company states that the major components imported into 
Mexico (chassis subassemblies, disc drives, drive carriers, drawer 
assemblies, etc.) are classified within the subheadings of 8471.60 and 
8472.90, HTSUS.
ISSUES:
    I. What is the country of origin of the three data storage products 
for purposes of U.S. Government procurement?
    II. What is the proper country of origin marking under the NAFTA 
Marking Rules of the three storage products?
LAW AND ANALYSIS:

I. Country of Origin for Procurement Purposes

    Pursuant to subpart B of Part 177, 19 CFR 177.21 et seq., which 
implements Title III of the Trade Agreements Act of 1979, as amended 
(19 U.S.C. 2511 et seq.), CBP issues country of origin advisory rulings 
and final determinations as to whether an article is or would be a 
product of a designated country or instrumentality for the purposes of 
granting waivers of certain ``Buy American'' restrictions in U.S. law 
or practice for products offered for sale to the U.S. Government.
    Under the rule of origin set forth under 19 U.S.C. 2518(4)(B):

An article is a product of a country or instrumentality only if (i) 
it is wholly the growth, product, or manufacture of that country or 
instrumentality, or (ii) in the case of an article which consists in 
whole or in part of materials from another country or 
instrumentality, it has been substantially transformed into a new 
and different article of commerce with a name, character, or use 
distinct from that of the article or articles from which it was so 
transformed.

    See also 19 CFR 177.22(a).
    In Data General v. United States, 4 Ct. Int'l Trade 182 (1982), the 
court determined that for purposes of determining eligibility under 
item 807.00, Tariff Schedules of the U.S. (predecessor to subheading 
9802.00.80, HTSUS), the programming of a foreign

[[Page 13647]]

PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory chip) in the United States 
substantially transformed the PROM into a U.S. article. In programming 
the imported PROMs, the U.S. engineers systematically caused various 
distinct electronic interconnections to be formed within each 
integrated circuit. The programming bestowed upon each circuit its 
electronic function, that is, its ``memory'' which could be retrieved. 
A distinct physical change was effected in the PROM by the opening or 
closing of the fuses, depending on the method of programming. This 
physical alteration, not visible to the naked eye, could be discerned 
by electronic testing of the PROM. The court noted that the programs 
were designed by a project engineer with many years of experience in 
``designing and building hardware.'' While replicating the program 
pattern from a ``master'' PROM may be a quick one-step process, the 
development of the pattern and the production of the ``master'' PROM 
required much time and expertise. The court noted that it was 
undisputed that programming altered the character of a PROM. The 
essence of the article, its interconnections or stored memory, was 
established by programming. The court concluded that altering the non-
functioning circuitry comprising a PROM through technological expertise 
in order to produce a functioning read only memory device, possessing a 
desired distinctive circuit pattern, was no less a ``substantial 
transformation'' than the manual interconnection of transistors, 
resistors and diodes upon a circuit board creating a similar pattern.
    In determining whether the combining of parts or materials 
constitutes a substantial transformation, the determinative issue is 
the extent of operations performed and whether the parts lose their 
identity and become an integral part of the new article. Belcrest 
Linens v. United States, 573 F. Supp. 1149 (Ct. Int'l Trade 1983), 
aff'd, 741 F.2d 1368 (Fed. Cir. 1984). Assembly operations that are 
minimal or simple, as opposed to complex or meaningful, will generally 
not result in a substantial transformation.
    In order to determine whether a substantial transformation occurs 
when components of various origins are assembled into complete 
products, CBP considers the totality of the circumstances and makes 
such determinations on a case-by-case basis. The country of origin of 
the item's components, extent of the processing that occurs within a 
country, and whether such processing renders a product with a new name, 
character, and use are primary considerations in such cases. 
Additionally, factors such as the resources expended on product design 
and development, the extent and nature of post-assembly inspection and 
testing procedures, and worker skill required during the actual 
manufacturing process will be considered when determining whether a 
substantial transformation has occurred. No one factor is 
determinative.
    You argue that the country of origin of the three products is 
Mexico because the components imported into Mexico are substantially 
transformed as a result of the Mexican assembly operations, as 
described infra, downloading of the software, programming and 
customization of the software and firmware, and extensive testing of 
the data storage products.
    In Headquarters Ruling Letter (``HQ'') H082476, dated May 11, 2010, 
and in New York Ruling Letter (``NY'') N083979 dated December 3, 2009, 
the United States was determined to be the country of origin of ICS 
clustered storage units, when foreign components were assembled into 
the units and programmed in the United States. In HQ H025023 dated 
April 1, 2008, CBP determined that the Czech Republic was the country 
of origin of a fabric switch that was assembled to completion and 
programmed in that country. See also HQ H089762, dated June 2, 2010 
(GTX Mobile and Handheld Computer); and HQ H090115, dated August 2, 
2010 (Unified Communications Solution). In HQ H125975 dated January 19, 
2011, CBP considered a similar scenario to the one here. In HQ H125975, 
all of the components were assembled into the data storage system in 
Mexico and the previously programmed controller assembly was downloaded 
with software, which was stated to impart the functional intelligence 
to the system to allow for storage management, performance monitoring 
and access control. In HQ H125975, CBP found that the major operating 
hardware components were the controller assembly and the hard drives 
set, which were of Thai origin. However, the assembly process in Mexico 
involved multiple countries of origin with development and programming 
also occurring in two different countries. CBP concluded that the 
imported components of various origins lost their individual identities 
and were substantially transformed into a new and different article, as 
a result of the assembly and programming operations that took place in 
Mexico.
    In this case, there are also significant assembly operations of the 
data storage products occurring in Mexico. Similar to HQ H125975, we 
have various countries involved: Chassis assembly from Malaysia; power 
supply from the Philippines; software from the United Kingdom; hard 
disc drives from China, Singapore, or Thailand; and assembly in Mexico. 
Given the totality of the circumstances in this case, we find that 
Products One and Three are substantially transformed in Mexico mainly 
because of the assembly of the various components. However, we find 
that the origin of Product Two is Malaysia because it lacks the disc 
drive assemblies, which make up a significant part of the assembly 
process. For purposes of government procurement, Mexico is the country 
of origin for Products One and Three, and Malaysia is the country of 
origin for Product Two.

II. NAFTA Marking

    Section 304 of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended (19 U.S.C. 1304), 
provides that, unless excepted, every article of foreign origin 
imported into the United States shall be marked in a conspicuous place 
as legibly, indelibly, and permanently as the nature of the article (or 
its container) will permit, in such a manner as to indicate to the 
ultimate purchaser in the United States the English name of the country 
of origin of the article. By enacting 19 U.S.C. 1304, Congress intended 
to ensure ``that the ultimate purchaser would be able to know by 
inspecting the marking on the imported goods the country of which the 
goods are the product. The evident purpose is to mark the goods so that 
at the time of purchase the ultimate purchaser may, by knowing where 
the goods were produced, be able to buy or refuse to buy them, if such 
marking should influence his will.'' United States v. Friedlaender & 
Co., 27 C.C.P.A. 297, 302 (1940).
    Section 134.1(b), CBP Regulations (19 CFR 134.1(b)), defines 
``country of origin'' as ``the country of manufacture, production or 
growth of any article of foreign origin entering the United States. 
Further work or material added to an article in another country must 
effect a substantial transformation in order to render such other 
country the `country of origin' within the meaning of this part; 
however, for a good of a NAFTA country, the NAFTA Marking Rules will 
determine the country of origin.''
    The NAFTA Marking Rules require the application of the country of 
origin rules per 19 CFR 102.11, in order to determine whether a good 
qualifies to be marked as a good of a NAFTA country. See 19 CFR 
134.1(j). Section 102.11, CBP Regulations (19 CFR 102.11), provides the 
hierarchical rules for determining the country of origin of

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imported goods for NAFTA purposes, in part, as follows:
    (1) The good is wholly obtained or produced;
    (2) The good is produced exclusively from domestic materials; or
    (3) Each foreign material incorporated in that good undergoes an 
applicable change in tariff classification set out in 102.20 and 
satisfies any other applicable requirements of that section and all 
other applicable requirements of these rules are satisfied.
    The three data storage products are neither wholly obtained or 
produced in a single NAFTA country or produced exclusively from 
domestic materials. You state that the three products are classified 
under subheading 8471.70, HTSUS. CBP agrees with the Company's 
classification with regard to Product One and Product Three. However, 
after consulting with the National Commodity Specialist Division 
(``NCSD''), we have determined that Product Two is classified in 
subheading 8471.80, HTSUS. The tariff shift rule for goods of 
subheading 8471.70 and 8471.80 is set forth in 19 CFR 102.20 as 
follows:

8471.60-8472.90

A change to subheading 8471.60 through 8472.90 from any other 
subheading outside that group, except from subheading 8504.40 or 
from heading 8473; or

A change to subheading 8471.60 through 8472.90 from any other 
subheading within that group or from subheading 8504.90 or from 
heading 8473, provided that the change is not the result of simple 
assembly.

    In all three instances, the Company concedes that the tariff shift 
rule is not met because the major components are classified in 
subheadings between 8471.60 and 8472.90, HTSUS, and do not undergo a 
tariff shift.
    However, the Company states that the products will qualify for 
preferential tariff treatment under the NAFTA. Assuming the Company 
plans to make a NAFTA claim at the time of entry, 19 CFR 102.19(a) 
provides as follows:

. . . if a good is originating within the meaning of 181.1(q) of 
this chapter is not determined under 102.11(a) or (b) or 102.21 to 
be a good of a single NAFTA country, the country of origin of such 
good is the last NAFTA country in which that good underwent 
production other than minor processing . . .

    The language of 19 CFR 102.19(a) is applicable because pursuant to 
GN 12(b)(v), the three products are considered originating because they 
are classified under subheading 8471.70 and 8471.80, HTSUS.\1\ Since 
the three products undergo production other than minor processing in 
Mexico, the country of origin for marking purposes under the NAFTA 
Marking Rules will be Mexico.
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    \1\ GN 12(b)(v) states that the goods enumerated in subdivision 
(u) of GN 12 are originating in the territory of a NAFTA party. GN 
12(u) states that automatic data processing machines and parts that 
are classified under subheading 8471.70 and 8471.80 are considered 
originating when they are imported into the customs territory of the 
United States from the territory of Canada or of Mexico.
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HOLDING:
    Based on the facts provided, we find that the country of origin of 
Products One and Three for purposes of U.S. Government procurement is 
Mexico. The country of origin of Product Two for purposes of U.S. 
Government procurement is Malaysia. The country of origin for all three 
products for marking purposes will be Mexico under the NAFTA Marking 
Rules.
    Notice of this final determination will be given in the Federal 
Register, as required by 19 CFR 177.29. Any party-at-interest other 
than the party which requested this final determination may request, 
pursuant to 19 CFR 177.31, that CBP reexamine the matter anew and issue 
a new final determination. Pursuant to 19 CFR 177.30, any party-at-
interest may, within 30 days of publication of the Federal Register 
Notice referenced above, seek judicial review of this final 
determination before the Court of International Trade.

Sincerely,

Alice A. Kipel,
Executive Director,
Regulations and Rulings,
Office of Trade.

[FR Doc. 2017-04953 Filed 3-13-17; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 9111-14-P