82_FR_20914 82 FR 20829 - Indirect Food Additives: Polymers

82 FR 20829 - Indirect Food Additives: Polymers

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
Food and Drug Administration

Federal Register Volume 82, Issue 85 (May 4, 2017)

Page Range20829-20832
FR Document2017-08988

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or we) is amending the food additive regulations to no longer provide for the use of potassium perchlorate as an additive in closure-sealing gaskets for food containers because this use has been abandoned. This action is in response to a petition filed by Keller and Heckman LLP on behalf of the Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc.

Federal Register, Volume 82 Issue 85 (Thursday, May 4, 2017)
[Federal Register Volume 82, Number 85 (Thursday, May 4, 2017)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 20829-20832]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2017-08988]


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DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Food and Drug Administration

21 CFR Part 177

[Docket No. FDA-2016-F-1805]


Indirect Food Additives: Polymers

AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS.

ACTION: Final rule.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA or we) is amending the 
food additive regulations to no longer provide for the use of potassium 
perchlorate as an additive in closure-sealing gaskets for food 
containers because this use has been abandoned. This action is in 
response to a petition filed by Keller and Heckman LLP on behalf of the 
Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc.

DATES: This rule is effective May 4, 2017. Submit either electronic or 
written objections and requests for a hearing on the final rule by June 
5, 2017. See the ADDRESSES section, and SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION 
section VIII of this document, for further information on the filing of 
objections.

ADDRESSES: You may submit objections and requests for a hearing as 
follows. Please note that late, untimely filed objections will not be 
considered. Electronic objections must be submitted on or before June 
5, 2017. The https://www.regulations.gov electronic filing system will 
accept comments until midnight Eastern Time at the end of June 5, 2017. 
Objections received by mail/hand delivery/courier (for written/paper 
submissions) will be considered timely if they are postmarked or the 
delivery service acceptance receipt is on or before that date.

Electronic Submissions

    Submit electronic objections in the following way:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: https://www.regulations.gov. 
Follow the instructions for submitting comments. Objections submitted 
electronically, including attachments, to https://www.regulations.gov 
will be posted to the docket unchanged. Because your objection will be 
made public, you are solely responsible for ensuring that your 
objection does not include any confidential information that you or a 
third party may not wish to be posted, such as medical information, 
your or anyone else's Social Security number, or confidential business 
information, such as a manufacturing process. Please note that if you 
include your name, contact information, or other information that 
identifies you in the body of your objection, that information will be 
posted on https://www.regulations.gov.
     If you want to submit an objection with confidential 
information that you do not wish to be made available to the public, 
submit the objection as a written/paper submission and in the manner 
detailed (see ``Written/Paper Submissions'' and ``Instructions'').

Written/Paper Submissions

    Submit written/paper submissions as follows:
     Mail/Hand delivery/Courier (for written/paper 
submissions): Division of Dockets Management (HFA-305), Food and Drug 
Administration, 5630 Fishers Lane, Rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852.
     For written/paper objections submitted to the Division of 
Dockets Management, FDA will post your objection, as well as any 
attachments, except for information submitted, marked and identified, 
as confidential, if submitted as detailed in ``Instructions.''
    Instructions: All submissions received must include the Docket No. 
FDA-2016-F-1805 for ``Indirect Food Additives: Polymers.'' Received 
objections, those filed in a timely manner (see DATES), will be placed 
in the docket and, except for those submitted as ``Confidential 
Submissions,'' publicly viewable at https://www.regulations.gov or at 
the Division of Dockets Management between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday 
through Friday.
     Confidential Submissions--To submit an objection with 
confidential information that you do not wish to be made publicly 
available, submit your objections only as a written/paper submission. 
You should submit two copies total. One copy will include the 
information you claim to be confidential with a heading or cover note 
that states ``THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION.'' We 
will review this copy, including the claimed confidential information, 
in our consideration of comments. The second copy, which will have the 
claimed confidential information redacted/blacked out, will be 
available for public viewing and posted on https://www.regulations.gov. 
Submit both copies to the Division of Dockets Management. If you do not 
wish your name and contact information to be made publicly available, 
you can provide this information on the cover sheet and not in the body 
of your comments and you must identify this information as 
``confidential.'' Any information marked as ``confidential'' will not 
be disclosed except in accordance with 21 CFR 10.20 and other 
applicable disclosure law. For more information about FDA's posting of 
comments to public dockets, see 80 FR 56469, September 18, 2015, or 
access the information at: https://www.thefederalregister.org/fdsys/pkg/FR-2015-09-18/pdf/2015-23389.pdf.
    Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or 
the electronic and written/paper comments received, go to https://www.regulations.gov and insert the docket number, found in brackets in 
the heading of this document, into the ``Search'' box and follow the 
prompts and/or go to the Division of Dockets Management, 5630 Fishers 
Lane, Rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Vivian Gilliam, Center for Food Safety 
and Applied Nutrition (HFS-275), Food and Drug Administration, 5001 
Campus Dr., College Park, MD 20740-3835, 240-402-1193.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. Background

    In a document published in the Federal Register of June 30, 2016 
(81 FR 42585), we announced that we filed a food additive petition (FAP 
6B4816) submitted on behalf of Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. 
(SPI) by Keller and Heckman LLP, 1001 G Street NW., Suite 500 West, 
Washington, DC 20001. The petition proposed to amend Sec.  177.1210 (21 
CFR 177.1210) to no longer provide for the use of potassium perchlorate 
as an additive in closure-sealing gaskets for food containers because 
the use has been intentionally and permanently abandoned.

[[Page 20830]]

    In response to food additive petitions filed in 1962, FDA 
authorized the use of 66 substances, including potassium perchlorate, 
for the use in manufacturing closure-sealing gaskets under Sec.  
177.1210 (27 FR 7092, July 26, 1962).

II. Evaluation of Abandonment

    Section 409(i) of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the 
FD&C Act) (21 U.S.C. 348(i)) states that we shall, by regulation, 
establish the procedure for amending or repealing a food additive 
regulation, and that this procedure shall conform to the procedure 
provided in section 409 of the FD&C Act. Our regulations specific to 
administrative actions for food additives provide that the Commissioner 
of Food and Drugs, on his own initiative or on the petition of any 
interested person, may propose the issuance of a regulation amending or 
repealing a regulation pertaining to a food additive (Sec.  171.130(a) 
(21 CFR 171.130(a))). These regulations further provide that any such 
petition must include an assertion of facts, supported by data, showing 
that new information exists with respect to the food additive or that 
new uses have been developed or old uses abandoned, that new data are 
available as to toxicity of the chemical, or that experience with the 
existing regulation or exemption may justify its amendment or repeal. 
New data submitted as a food additive petition must be furnished in the 
form specified in 21 CFR 171.1 and 171.100 for submitting such 
petitions (Sec.  171.130(b)). Under these regulations, a petitioner may 
propose that we amend a food additive regulation if the petitioner can 
demonstrate that there are ``old uses abandoned'' for the relevant food 
additive. Such abandonment must be complete and permanent for any 
intended uses in the U.S. market. Although section 409 of the FD&C Act 
and Sec.  171.130 also provide for amending or revoking a food additive 
regulation based on safety, an amendment or revocation based on 
abandonment is not based on the safety of the food additive. Instead, 
the amendment or revocation is based on the fact that regulatory 
authorization is no longer necessary because the use of the food 
additive has been permanently and completely abandoned.
    Abandonment may be based on the abandonment of certain authorized 
food additive uses for a substance (e.g., if a substance is no longer 
used in certain product categories) or on the abandonment of all 
authorized food additive uses of a substance (e.g., if a substance is 
no longer being manufactured). If a petition seeks an amendment to a 
food additive regulation based on the abandonment of certain uses of 
the food additive, such uses must be adequately defined so that both 
the scope of the abandonment and any amendment to the food additive 
regulation are clear.
    The present petition includes the following information to support 
the claim that the use of potassium perchlorate as a food additive in 
closure-sealing gaskets for food containers has been abandoned in the 
U.S. market: (1) None of the companies that originally petitioned for 
the inclusion of potassium perchlorate in Sec.  177.1210 use potassium 
perchlorate for food-contact applications in the United States; (2) the 
sole domestic manufacturer of potassium perchlorate does not market the 
substance into food contact applications in the United States; (3) the 
major domestic manufacturers of gaskets do not use potassium 
perchlorate in the manufacture of their products; and (4) none of the 
member companies, which include domestic and international companies, 
surveyed by SPI indicated that they had any knowledge or reason to 
believe that potassium perchlorate was being used in closures with 
sealing gaskets for food containers.
    First, the petition provided information to show that the original 
petitioners who filed the food additive petitions that resulted in the 
listing of potassium perchlorate in Sec.  177.1210 do not use potassium 
perchlorate for food-contact applications in the United States. The 
petition stated that three of the original four companies that filed 
the food additive petitions that resulted in the listing for potassium 
perchlorate in Sec.  177.1210 are still operating, and that the 
division of the fourth company that participated in the original 
petition is no longer in business. The petitioner surveyed the 
remaining three companies (or their appropriate successor(s) in 
interest) about their use of potassium perchlorate in closures with 
sealing gaskets for food containers and asked them to verify that they 
do not: (1) Currently manufacture potassium perchlorate for use as a 
component of closures with sealing gaskets for food containers in the 
United States; (2) currently import potassium perchlorate for use as a 
component of closures with sealing gaskets for food containers in the 
United States; (3) intend to manufacture or import potassium 
perchlorate for use as a component of closures with sealing gaskets for 
food containers in the United States in the future; or (4) currently 
maintain any inventory of potassium perchlorate for sale or 
distribution into commerce that is intended to be marketed for use as a 
component of closures with sealing gaskets for food containers in the 
United States. The petition included signed letters from the three 
companies confirming agreement with these four points.
    Second, the petition asserted that American Pacific Corporation, 
Western Electrochemical Company (AMPAC) is the sole known domestic 
manufacturer of potassium perchlorate and provided information to show 
that AMPAC does not market the substance for food contact applications 
in the United States. Specifically, the petition included a signed 
letter from AMPAC stating that it does not manufacture, import, or 
maintain any inventory of potassium perchlorate for sale or 
distribution for use in closures with sealing gaskets for food 
containers in the United States. In addition, AMPAC provided 
supplemental information stating that, to the best of its knowledge, 
AMPAC is the sole domestic manufacturer of potassium perchlorate in the 
United States.
    Third, the petition provided information to show that the major 
domestic manufacturers of gaskets do not use potassium perchlorate in 
the manufacture of their products. The petition stated that SPI 
conducted research to identify all major U.S.-based manufacturers of 
closures with sealing gaskets for food containers. The petition further 
stated that SPI contacted each manufacturer identified by its research, 
and that each company confirmed to SPI that it does not use potassium 
perchlorate in the manufacture of gaskets for food contact materials, 
and that potassium perchlorate may never have been used for this 
purpose. According to the petition, these manufactures believe that 
they represent the substantial majority of gasket production, not only 
domestically, but globally as well.
    Fourth, the petition stated that SPI surveyed the 53 companies in 
its Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Packaging Materials Committee (FDCPMC). 
According to the petition, the FDCPMC companies represent the full 
range of the packing supply chain of plastic food-contact material 
manufacturers and their raw material suppliers, and they include 
international companies with affiliates throughout the world. The 
petition stated that the survey asked the companies to advise whether 
they had any actual knowledge or reason to believe that ``potassium 
perchlorate is being manufactured, used, distributed, or imported into 
the U.S. for use in the manufacture of closures with sealing gaskets 
for food-contact applications.'' No company responded that it had any

[[Page 20831]]

knowledge or reason to believe that potassium perchlorate was being 
used in closures with sealing gaskets for food containers. Moreover, 
the petition stated that, in its effort to gather supporting 
information, the petitioner was unable to identify any company with 
memory of, or records indicating, that potassium perchlorate had ever 
been used commercially as a component of closures with sealing gaskets.

III. Comments on the Filing Notification

    We provided 60 days for comments on the filing notification. We 
received two comments. For ease of reading, we preface each comment 
discussion with a numbered ``Comment,'' and the word ``Response'' 
appears before FDA's response. The number assigned is for 
organizational purposes only and does not signify any individual 
comment's value, importance, or order in which it was received.
    (Comment 1) The comment requested that we not make a final decision 
on the petition until after we make a final decision on the petition 
(FAP 4B4808) submitted in 2014 by Natural Resources Defense Council et 
al. (Docket No. FDA-2015-F-0537), asking us to remove certain 
authorizations, including the use of potassium perchlorate that is the 
subject of this petition. The comment stated that we are statutorily 
required to regulate food additives and prevent the use of those that 
are unsafe and that FDA's failure to make a determination based on 
safety would fall short of FDA's statutory duty. The comment stated 
that if we make a decision on the petition based on abandonment before 
making a decision on FAP 4B4808 based on safety, a company may conclude 
that the use of potassium perchlorate in closures with sealing gaskets 
for food containers is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) without 
notifying us. The comment also stated that making a decision on the 
abandonment petition first encourages industry to only consider whether 
a use of a food additive has been abandoned in order to preempt a 
safety decision.
    (Response) FDA disagrees. We are not required to make a final 
decision on FAP 4B4808 before the current petition. With regard to the 
assertion that FDA is required to make a safety determination, FDA has 
numerous responsibilities related to food additives. Each year, FDA 
receives and responds to hundreds of submissions under the various 
petition and notification programs it administers. Therefore, if the 
use of a food additive is no longer authorized in response to an 
abandonment petition, FDA may determine that it is neither necessary 
nor an efficient use of its limited resources to address safety 
arguments related to an abandoned use.
    With regard to the comment's concern that a manufacturer may 
conclude that the use of potassium perchlorate in closures with sealing 
gaskets for food containers is GRAS without notifying us, we note that, 
for a substance to be GRAS based on scientific procedures, the 
scientific data and information about the use of a substance must be 
generally available and there must be general recognition among 
qualified experts that those data and information establish that the 
substance is safe under the conditions of its intended use (Sec.  
170.30). Prior approval as a food additive does not necessarily mean 
that the use of a substance is GRAS (see 81 FR 54960 at 54976, August 
17, 2016). FDA encourages firms to seek our evaluation of any 
conclusion of GRAS status before they introduce the substance into the 
market. In the event that, after the authorization in Sec.  177.1210 
has been removed based on abandonment, a manufacturer later wishes to 
use potassium perchlorate for this intended use, we would expect the 
manufacturer to seek re-authorization through submission of a food 
contact notification or food additive petition because this intended 
use was previously authorized under section 409 of the FD&C Act.
    With regard to the assertion that an abandonment petition could be 
used by industry to preempt a safety determination by FDA, we have the 
discretion to make a safety determination regardless of whether there 
is an abandonment petition.
    (Comment 2) The comment stated that SPI has not considered overseas 
use and manufacturing of potassium perchlorate in closures with sealing 
gaskets for food containers. The comment indicated that SPI had not 
provided sufficient assurances that the uses of potassium perchlorate 
had been abandoned.
    (Response) FDA disagrees. According to the petition, SPI gathered 
information about the use of potassium perchlorate used in closures 
with sealing gaskets for food containers from its member companies, 
which include international companies with affiliates throughout the 
world, and from major domestic manufacturers of gaskets, and these 
manufacturers believe that they represent the substantial majority of 
gasket production, not only domestically, but globally as well. None of 
the companies surveyed reported that they had any reason to believe 
that potassium perchlorate is used to make closures with sealing 
gaskets for food containers. We note that the comment did not provide 
information to show that this use has not been abandoned.
    In addition, when we publish a notice of filing of a food additive 
petition, we notify the World Trade Organization (WTO) of the FAP 
filing. The WTO provides notice of the potential action (in this case, 
the removal of authorization for potassium perchlorate in Sec.  
177.1210 based upon abandonment) to the WTO contact point for each WTO 
member country. The WTO contact point for each country distributes the 
notices to the relevant regulatory agencies and industry bodies within 
that country. If the proposed action affects a member country's trade 
of affected products, it would provide comment to the WTO notice by 
commenting to the appropriate docket established for the petition. We 
did not receive any comments to the WTO notice on the filing of this 
petition.

IV. Conclusion

    We reviewed the data and information in the petition and other 
available relevant material to determine whether the use of potassium 
perchlorate as an additive in closure-sealing gaskets for food 
containers has been permanently and completely abandoned. Based on the 
available information, we conclude that the use of potassium 
perchlorate has been abandoned for use as an additive in closure-
sealing gaskets for food containers. Therefore, we are amending part 
177 as set forth in this document to no longer provide for the use of 
potassium perchlorate as an additive in closure-sealing gaskets for 
food containers.
    Because the authorization for this intended use has been removed 
from Sec.  177.1210 based on abandonment, we do not anticipate that 
industry will resume this intended use in the future. In the event 
that, after the authorization in Sec.  177.1210 has been removed based 
on abandonment, a manufacturer later wishes to use potassium 
perchlorate for this intended use, we would expect the manufacturer to 
seek re-authorization through submission of a food contact notification 
or food additive petition because this intended use was previously 
authorized under section 409 of the FD&C Act.

V. Public Disclosure

    In accordance with Sec.  171.1(h), the petition and the documents 
that we considered and relied upon in reaching our decision to approve 
the petition will be made available for public disclosure (see FOR 
FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT). As provided in Sec.  171.1(h), we will 
delete from the documents any

[[Page 20832]]

materials that are not available for public disclosure.

VI. Analysis of Environmental Impact

    We previously considered the environmental effects of this rule, as 
stated in the Federal Register of June 30, 2016, notice of petition for 
FAP 6B4816. We stated that we had determined, under 21 CFR 25.32(m), 
that this action ``is of a type that does not individually or 
cumulatively have a significant effect on the human environment,'' such 
that neither an environmental assessment nor an environmental impact 
statement is required. We have not received any new information or 
comments that would affect our previous determination.

VII. Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995

    This final rule contains no collection of information. Therefore, 
clearance by the Office of Management and Budget under the Paperwork 
Reduction Act of 1995 is not required.

VIII. Objections

    If you will be adversely affected by one or more provisions of this 
regulation, you may file with the Division of Dockets Management (see 
ADDRESSES) either electronic or written objections. You must separately 
number each objection, and within each numbered objection you must 
specify with particularity the provision(s) to which you object, and 
the grounds for your objection. Within each numbered objection, you 
must specifically state whether you are requesting a hearing on the 
particular provision that you specify in that numbered objection. If 
you do not request a hearing for any particular objection, you waive 
the right to a hearing on that objection. If you request a hearing, 
your objection must include a detailed description and analysis of the 
specific factual information you intend to present in support of the 
objection in the event that a hearing is held. If you do not include 
such a description and analysis for any particular objection, you waive 
the right to a hearing on the objection.
    Any objections received in response to the regulation may be seen 
in the Division of Dockets Management between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday 
through Friday, and will be posted to the docket at https://www.regulations.gov.

List of Subjects in 21 CFR Part 177

    Food additives, Food packaging.

    Therefore, under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act and under 
authority delegated to the Commissioner of Food and Drugs, 21 CFR part 
177 is amended as follows:

PART 177--INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: POLYMERS

0
1. The authority citation for part 177 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321, 342, 348, 379e.


Sec.  177.1210  [Amended]

0
2. In Sec.  177.1210, in paragraph (b)(5), in table 1, remove the entry 
for ``Potassium perchlorate.''

    Dated: April 28, 2017.
Anna K. Abram,
Deputy Commissioner for Policy, Planning, Legislation, and Analysis.
[FR Doc. 2017-08988 Filed 5-3-17; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4164-01-P



                                                                 Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 85 / Thursday, May 4, 2017 / Rules and Regulations                                         20829

                                             at https://www.regulations.gov. FDA has                 delivery service acceptance receipt is on             submission. You should submit two
                                             verified the Web site addresses, as of the              or before that date.                                  copies total. One copy will include the
                                             date this document publishes in the                                                                           information you claim to be confidential
                                                                                                     Electronic Submissions
                                             Federal Register, but Web sites are                                                                           with a heading or cover note that states
                                             subject to change over time.                              Submit electronic objections in the                 ‘‘THIS DOCUMENT CONTAINS
                                                                                                     following way:                                        CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION.’’ We
                                             1. FDA, interim economic impact analysis for
                                                                                                       • Federal eRulemaking Portal:                       will review this copy, including the
                                                 ‘‘Food Labeling; Nutrition Labeling of
                                                 Standard Menu Items in Restaurants and              https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the               claimed confidential information, in our
                                                 Similar Retail Food Establishments;                 instructions for submitting comments.                 consideration of comments. The second
                                                 Extension of Compliance Date; Request               Objections submitted electronically,                  copy, which will have the claimed
                                                 for Comment,’’ April 2017. Available at:            including attachments, to https://                    confidential information redacted/
                                                 http://www.fda.gov/AboutFDA/                        www.regulations.gov will be posted to                 blacked out, will be available for public
                                                 ReportsManualsForms/Reports/                        the docket unchanged. Because your                    viewing and posted on https://
                                                 EconomicAnalyses.                                   objection will be made public, you are                www.regulations.gov. Submit both
                                               Dated: May 1, 2017.                                   solely responsible for ensuring that your             copies to the Division of Dockets
                                             Anna K. Abram,                                          objection does not include any                        Management. If you do not wish your
                                             Deputy Commissioner for Policy, Planning,               confidential information that you or a                name and contact information to be
                                             Legislation, and Analysis.                              third party may not wish to be posted,                made publicly available, you can
                                             [FR Doc. 2017–09029 Filed 5–1–17; 4:15 pm]              such as medical information, your or                  provide this information on the cover
                                             BILLING CODE 4164–01–P
                                                                                                     anyone else’s Social Security number, or              sheet and not in the body of your
                                                                                                     confidential business information, such               comments and you must identify this
                                                                                                     as a manufacturing process. Please note               information as ‘‘confidential.’’ Any
                                             DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND                                that if you include your name, contact                information marked as ‘‘confidential’’
                                             HUMAN SERVICES                                          information, or other information that                will not be disclosed except in
                                                                                                     identifies you in the body of your                    accordance with 21 CFR 10.20 and other
                                             Food and Drug Administration                            objection, that information will be                   applicable disclosure law. For more
                                                                                                     posted on https://www.regulations.gov.                information about FDA’s posting of
                                             21 CFR Part 177                                           • If you want to submit an objection                comments to public dockets, see 80 FR
                                                                                                     with confidential information that you                56469, September 18, 2015, or access
                                             [Docket No. FDA–2016–F–1805]                            do not wish to be made available to the               the information at: https://www.gpo.gov/
                                                                                                     public, submit the objection as a                     fdsys/pkg/FR-2015-09-18/pdf/2015-
                                             Indirect Food Additives: Polymers                       written/paper submission and in the                   23389.pdf.
                                             AGENCY:    Food and Drug Administration,                manner detailed (see ‘‘Written/Paper
                                                                                                     Submissions’’ and ‘‘Instructions’’).                     Docket: For access to the docket to
                                             HHS.                                                                                                          read background documents or the
                                             ACTION:   Final rule.                                   Written/Paper Submissions                             electronic and written/paper comments
                                                                                                        Submit written/paper submissions as                received, go to https://
                                             SUMMARY:   The Food and Drug                                                                                  www.regulations.gov and insert the
                                             Administration (FDA or we) is                           follows:
                                             amending the food additive regulations                     • Mail/Hand delivery/Courier (for                  docket number, found in brackets in the
                                                                                                     written/paper submissions): Division of               heading of this document, into the
                                             to no longer provide for the use of                                                                           ‘‘Search’’ box and follow the prompts
                                             potassium perchlorate as an additive in                 Dockets Management (HFA–305), Food
                                                                                                     and Drug Administration, 5630 Fishers                 and/or go to the Division of Dockets
                                             closure-sealing gaskets for food                                                                              Management, 5630 Fishers Lane, Rm.
                                             containers because this use has been                    Lane, Rm. 1061, Rockville, MD 20852.
                                                                                                        • For written/paper objections                     1061, Rockville, MD 20852.
                                             abandoned. This action is in response to
                                                                                                     submitted to the Division of Dockets                  FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
                                             a petition filed by Keller and Heckman
                                                                                                     Management, FDA will post your                        Vivian Gilliam, Center for Food Safety
                                             LLP on behalf of the Society of the
                                                                                                     objection, as well as any attachments,                and Applied Nutrition (HFS–275), Food
                                             Plastics Industry, Inc.
                                                                                                     except for information submitted,                     and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus
                                             DATES: This rule is effective May 4,                    marked and identified, as confidential,
                                             2017. Submit either electronic or                                                                             Dr., College Park, MD 20740–3835, 240–
                                                                                                     if submitted as detailed in                           402–1193.
                                             written objections and requests for a                   ‘‘Instructions.’’
                                             hearing on the final rule by June 5,                       Instructions: All submissions received             SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
                                             2017. See the ADDRESSES section, and                    must include the Docket No. FDA–
                                             SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section VIII
                                                                                                                                                           I. Background
                                                                                                     2016–F–1805 for ‘‘Indirect Food
                                             of this document, for further                           Additives: Polymers.’’ Received                         In a document published in the
                                             information on the filing of objections.                objections, those filed in a timely                   Federal Register of June 30, 2016 (81 FR
                                             ADDRESSES: You may submit objections                    manner (see DATES), will be placed in                 42585), we announced that we filed a
                                             and requests for a hearing as follows.                  the docket and, except for those                      food additive petition (FAP 6B4816)
                                             Please note that late, untimely filed                   submitted as ‘‘Confidential                           submitted on behalf of Society of the
                                             objections will not be considered.                      Submissions,’’ publicly viewable at                   Plastics Industry, Inc. (SPI) by Keller
                                             Electronic objections must be submitted                 https://www.regulations.gov or at the                 and Heckman LLP, 1001 G Street NW.,
                                             on or before June 5, 2017. The https://                 Division of Dockets Management                        Suite 500 West, Washington, DC 20001.
pmangrum on DSK3GDR082PROD with RULES




                                             www.regulations.gov electronic filing                   between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday                     The petition proposed to amend
                                             system will accept comments until                       through Friday.                                       § 177.1210 (21 CFR 177.1210) to no
                                             midnight Eastern Time at the end of                        • Confidential Submissions—To                      longer provide for the use of potassium
                                             June 5, 2017. Objections received by                    submit an objection with confidential                 perchlorate as an additive in closure-
                                             mail/hand delivery/courier (for written/                information that you do not wish to be                sealing gaskets for food containers
                                             paper submissions) will be considered                   made publicly available, submit your                  because the use has been intentionally
                                             timely if they are postmarked or the                    objections only as a written/paper                    and permanently abandoned.


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                                             20830               Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 85 / Thursday, May 4, 2017 / Rules and Regulations

                                                In response to food additive petitions               amendment to a food additive                          marketed for use as a component of
                                             filed in 1962, FDA authorized the use of                regulation based on the abandonment of                closures with sealing gaskets for food
                                             66 substances, including potassium                      certain uses of the food additive, such               containers in the United States. The
                                             perchlorate, for the use in                             uses must be adequately defined so that               petition included signed letters from the
                                             manufacturing closure-sealing gaskets                   both the scope of the abandonment and                 three companies confirming agreement
                                             under § 177.1210 (27 FR 7092, July 26,                  any amendment to the food additive                    with these four points.
                                             1962).                                                  regulation are clear.                                   Second, the petition asserted that
                                                                                                        The present petition includes the                  American Pacific Corporation, Western
                                             II. Evaluation of Abandonment                           following information to support the                  Electrochemical Company (AMPAC) is
                                                Section 409(i) of the Federal Food,                  claim that the use of potassium                       the sole known domestic manufacturer
                                             Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the FD&C Act)                   perchlorate as a food additive in                     of potassium perchlorate and provided
                                             (21 U.S.C. 348(i)) states that we shall, by             closure-sealing gaskets for food                      information to show that AMPAC does
                                             regulation, establish the procedure for                 containers has been abandoned in the                  not market the substance for food
                                             amending or repealing a food additive                   U.S. market: (1) None of the companies                contact applications in the United
                                             regulation, and that this procedure shall               that originally petitioned for the                    States. Specifically, the petition
                                             conform to the procedure provided in                    inclusion of potassium perchlorate in                 included a signed letter from AMPAC
                                             section 409 of the FD&C Act. Our                        § 177.1210 use potassium perchlorate                  stating that it does not manufacture,
                                             regulations specific to administrative                  for food-contact applications in the                  import, or maintain any inventory of
                                             actions for food additives provide that                 United States; (2) the sole domestic                  potassium perchlorate for sale or
                                             the Commissioner of Food and Drugs,                     manufacturer of potassium perchlorate                 distribution for use in closures with
                                             on his own initiative or on the petition                does not market the substance into food               sealing gaskets for food containers in the
                                             of any interested person, may propose                   contact applications in the United                    United States. In addition, AMPAC
                                             the issuance of a regulation amending or                States; (3) the major domestic                        provided supplemental information
                                             repealing a regulation pertaining to a                  manufacturers of gaskets do not use                   stating that, to the best of its knowledge,
                                             food additive (§ 171.130(a) (21 CFR                     potassium perchlorate in the                          AMPAC is the sole domestic
                                             171.130(a))). These regulations further                 manufacture of their products; and (4)                manufacturer of potassium perchlorate
                                             provide that any such petition must                     none of the member companies, which                   in the United States.
                                             include an assertion of facts, supported                include domestic and international                      Third, the petition provided
                                             by data, showing that new information                   companies, surveyed by SPI indicated                  information to show that the major
                                             exists with respect to the food additive                that they had any knowledge or reason                 domestic manufacturers of gaskets do
                                             or that new uses have been developed                    to believe that potassium perchlorate                 not use potassium perchlorate in the
                                             or old uses abandoned, that new data                    was being used in closures with sealing               manufacture of their products. The
                                             are available as to toxicity of the                     gaskets for food containers.                          petition stated that SPI conducted
                                             chemical, or that experience with the                      First, the petition provided                       research to identify all major U.S.-based
                                             existing regulation or exemption may                    information to show that the original                 manufacturers of closures with sealing
                                             justify its amendment or repeal. New                    petitioners who filed the food additive               gaskets for food containers. The petition
                                             data submitted as a food additive                       petitions that resulted in the listing of             further stated that SPI contacted each
                                             petition must be furnished in the form                  potassium perchlorate in § 177.1210 do                manufacturer identified by its research,
                                             specified in 21 CFR 171.1 and 171.100                   not use potassium perchlorate for food-               and that each company confirmed to SPI
                                             for submitting such petitions                           contact applications in the United                    that it does not use potassium
                                             (§ 171.130(b)). Under these regulations,                States. The petition stated that three of             perchlorate in the manufacture of
                                             a petitioner may propose that we amend                  the original four companies that filed                gaskets for food contact materials, and
                                             a food additive regulation if the                       the food additive petitions that resulted             that potassium perchlorate may never
                                             petitioner can demonstrate that there are               in the listing for potassium perchlorate              have been used for this purpose.
                                             ‘‘old uses abandoned’’ for the relevant                 in § 177.1210 are still operating, and                According to the petition, these
                                             food additive. Such abandonment must                    that the division of the fourth company               manufactures believe that they represent
                                             be complete and permanent for any                       that participated in the original petition            the substantial majority of gasket
                                             intended uses in the U.S. market.                       is no longer in business. The petitioner              production, not only domestically, but
                                             Although section 409 of the FD&C Act                    surveyed the remaining three companies                globally as well.
                                             and § 171.130 also provide for amending                 (or their appropriate successor(s) in                   Fourth, the petition stated that SPI
                                             or revoking a food additive regulation                  interest) about their use of potassium                surveyed the 53 companies in its Food,
                                             based on safety, an amendment or                        perchlorate in closures with sealing                  Drug, and Cosmetic Packaging Materials
                                             revocation based on abandonment is not                  gaskets for food containers and asked                 Committee (FDCPMC). According to the
                                             based on the safety of the food additive.               them to verify that they do not: (1)                  petition, the FDCPMC companies
                                             Instead, the amendment or revocation is                 Currently manufacture potassium                       represent the full range of the packing
                                             based on the fact that regulatory                       perchlorate for use as a component of                 supply chain of plastic food-contact
                                             authorization is no longer necessary                    closures with sealing gaskets for food                material manufacturers and their raw
                                             because the use of the food additive has                containers in the United States; (2)                  material suppliers, and they include
                                             been permanently and completely                         currently import potassium perchlorate                international companies with affiliates
                                             abandoned.                                              for use as a component of closures with               throughout the world. The petition
                                                Abandonment may be based on the                      sealing gaskets for food containers in the            stated that the survey asked the
                                             abandonment of certain authorized food                  United States; (3) intend to manufacture              companies to advise whether they had
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                                             additive uses for a substance (e.g., if a               or import potassium perchlorate for use               any actual knowledge or reason to
                                             substance is no longer used in certain                  as a component of closures with sealing               believe that ‘‘potassium perchlorate is
                                             product categories) or on the                           gaskets for food containers in the United             being manufactured, used, distributed,
                                             abandonment of all authorized food                      States in the future; or (4) currently                or imported into the U.S. for use in the
                                             additive uses of a substance (e.g., if a                maintain any inventory of potassium                   manufacture of closures with sealing
                                             substance is no longer being                            perchlorate for sale or distribution into             gaskets for food-contact applications.’’
                                             manufactured). If a petition seeks an                   commerce that is intended to be                       No company responded that it had any


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                                                                 Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 85 / Thursday, May 4, 2017 / Rules and Regulations                                          20831

                                             knowledge or reason to believe that                     limited resources to address safety                   did not provide information to show
                                             potassium perchlorate was being used                    arguments related to an abandoned use.                that this use has not been abandoned.
                                             in closures with sealing gaskets for food                  With regard to the comment’s concern                  In addition, when we publish a notice
                                             containers. Moreover, the petition stated               that a manufacturer may conclude that                 of filing of a food additive petition, we
                                             that, in its effort to gather supporting                the use of potassium perchlorate in                   notify the World Trade Organization
                                             information, the petitioner was unable                  closures with sealing gaskets for food                (WTO) of the FAP filing. The WTO
                                             to identify any company with memory                     containers is GRAS without notifying                  provides notice of the potential action
                                             of, or records indicating, that potassium               us, we note that, for a substance to be               (in this case, the removal of
                                             perchlorate had ever been used                          GRAS based on scientific procedures,                  authorization for potassium perchlorate
                                             commercially as a component of                          the scientific data and information                   in § 177.1210 based upon abandonment)
                                             closures with sealing gaskets.                          about the use of a substance must be                  to the WTO contact point for each WTO
                                             III. Comments on the Filing Notification                generally available and there must be                 member country. The WTO contact
                                                                                                     general recognition among qualified                   point for each country distributes the
                                                We provided 60 days for comments                     experts that those data and information               notices to the relevant regulatory
                                             on the filing notification. We received                 establish that the substance is safe                  agencies and industry bodies within
                                             two comments. For ease of reading, we                   under the conditions of its intended use              that country. If the proposed action
                                             preface each comment discussion with                    (§ 170.30). Prior approval as a food                  affects a member country’s trade of
                                             a numbered ‘‘Comment,’’ and the word                    additive does not necessarily mean that               affected products, it would provide
                                             ‘‘Response’’ appears before FDA’s                       the use of a substance is GRAS (see 81                comment to the WTO notice by
                                             response. The number assigned is for                    FR 54960 at 54976, August 17, 2016).                  commenting to the appropriate docket
                                             organizational purposes only and does                   FDA encourages firms to seek our                      established for the petition. We did not
                                             not signify any individual comment’s                    evaluation of any conclusion of GRAS                  receive any comments to the WTO
                                             value, importance, or order in which it                 status before they introduce the                      notice on the filing of this petition.
                                             was received.                                           substance into the market. In the event
                                                (Comment 1) The comment requested                                                                          IV. Conclusion
                                                                                                     that, after the authorization in
                                             that we not make a final decision on the
                                                                                                     § 177.1210 has been removed based on                    We reviewed the data and information
                                             petition until after we make a final
                                             decision on the petition (FAP 4B4808)                   abandonment, a manufacturer later                     in the petition and other available
                                             submitted in 2014 by Natural Resources                  wishes to use potassium perchlorate for               relevant material to determine whether
                                             Defense Council et al. (Docket No. FDA–                 this intended use, we would expect the                the use of potassium perchlorate as an
                                             2015–F–0537), asking us to remove                       manufacturer to seek re-authorization                 additive in closure-sealing gaskets for
                                             certain authorizations, including the use               through submission of a food contact                  food containers has been permanently
                                             of potassium perchlorate that is the                    notification or food additive petition                and completely abandoned. Based on
                                             subject of this petition. The comment                   because this intended use was                         the available information, we conclude
                                             stated that we are statutorily required to              previously authorized under section 409               that the use of potassium perchlorate
                                             regulate food additives and prevent the                 of the FD&C Act.                                      has been abandoned for use as an
                                             use of those that are unsafe and that                      With regard to the assertion that an               additive in closure-sealing gaskets for
                                             FDA’s failure to make a determination                   abandonment petition could be used by                 food containers. Therefore, we are
                                             based on safety would fall short of                     industry to preempt a safety                          amending part 177 as set forth in this
                                             FDA’s statutory duty. The comment                       determination by FDA, we have the                     document to no longer provide for the
                                             stated that if we make a decision on the                discretion to make a safety                           use of potassium perchlorate as an
                                             petition based on abandonment before                    determination regardless of whether                   additive in closure-sealing gaskets for
                                             making a decision on FAP 4B4808 based                   there is an abandonment petition.                     food containers.
                                             on safety, a company may conclude that                     (Comment 2) The comment stated that                  Because the authorization for this
                                             the use of potassium perchlorate in                     SPI has not considered overseas use and               intended use has been removed from
                                             closures with sealing gaskets for food                  manufacturing of potassium perchlorate                § 177.1210 based on abandonment, we
                                             containers is generally recognized as                   in closures with sealing gaskets for food             do not anticipate that industry will
                                             safe (GRAS) without notifying us. The                   containers. The comment indicated that                resume this intended use in the future.
                                             comment also stated that making a                       SPI had not provided sufficient                       In the event that, after the authorization
                                             decision on the abandonment petition                    assurances that the uses of potassium                 in § 177.1210 has been removed based
                                             first encourages industry to only                       perchlorate had been abandoned.                       on abandonment, a manufacturer later
                                             consider whether a use of a food                           (Response) FDA disagrees. According                wishes to use potassium perchlorate for
                                             additive has been abandoned in order to                 to the petition, SPI gathered information             this intended use, we would expect the
                                             preempt a safety decision.                              about the use of potassium perchlorate                manufacturer to seek re-authorization
                                                (Response) FDA disagrees. We are not                 used in closures with sealing gaskets for             through submission of a food contact
                                             required to make a final decision on                    food containers from its member                       notification or food additive petition
                                             FAP 4B4808 before the current petition.                 companies, which include international                because this intended use was
                                             With regard to the assertion that FDA is                companies with affiliates throughout the              previously authorized under section 409
                                             required to make a safety determination,                world, and from major domestic                        of the FD&C Act.
                                             FDA has numerous responsibilities                       manufacturers of gaskets, and these
                                                                                                                                                           V. Public Disclosure
                                             related to food additives. Each year,                   manufacturers believe that they
                                             FDA receives and responds to hundreds                   represent the substantial majority of                   In accordance with § 171.1(h), the
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                                             of submissions under the various                        gasket production, not only                           petition and the documents that we
                                             petition and notification programs it                   domestically, but globally as well. None              considered and relied upon in reaching
                                             administers. Therefore, if the use of a                 of the companies surveyed reported that               our decision to approve the petition will
                                             food additive is no longer authorized in                they had any reason to believe that                   be made available for public disclosure
                                             response to an abandonment petition,                    potassium perchlorate is used to make                 (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT).
                                             FDA may determine that it is neither                    closures with sealing gaskets for food                As provided in § 171.1(h), we will
                                             necessary nor an efficient use of its                   containers. We note that the comment                  delete from the documents any


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                                             20832               Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 85 / Thursday, May 4, 2017 / Rules and Regulations

                                             materials that are not available for                    of Food and Drugs, 21 CFR part 177 is                 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:       If
                                             public disclosure.                                      amended as follows:                                   you want to determine whether a
                                                                                                                                                           particular community was suspended
                                             VI. Analysis of Environmental Impact                    PART 177—INDIRECT FOOD                                on the suspension date or for further
                                                We previously considered the                         ADDITIVES: POLYMERS                                   information, contact Patricia Suber,
                                             environmental effects of this rule, as                                                                        Federal Insurance and Mitigation
                                             stated in the Federal Register of June                  ■ 1. The authority citation for part 177              Administration, Federal Emergency
                                             30, 2016, notice of petition for FAP                    continues to read as follows:                         Management Agency, 400 C Street SW.,
                                             6B4816. We stated that we had                               Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321, 342, 348, 379e.         Washington, DC 20472, (202) 646–4149.
                                             determined, under 21 CFR 25.32(m),                                                                            SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The NFIP
                                                                                                     § 177.1210    [Amended]
                                             that this action ‘‘is of a type that does                                                                     enables property owners to purchase
                                             not individually or cumulatively have a                 ■  2. In § 177.1210, in paragraph (b)(5),             Federal flood insurance that is not
                                             significant effect on the human                         in table 1, remove the entry for                      otherwise generally available from
                                             environment,’’ such that neither an                     ‘‘Potassium perchlorate.’’                            private insurers. In return, communities
                                             environmental assessment nor an                           Dated: April 28, 2017.                              agree to adopt and administer local
                                             environmental impact statement is                       Anna K. Abram,                                        floodplain management measures aimed
                                             required. We have not received any new                  Deputy Commissioner for Policy, Planning,             at protecting lives and new construction
                                             information or comments that would                      Legislation, and Analysis.                            from future flooding. Section 1315 of
                                             affect our previous determination.                      [FR Doc. 2017–08988 Filed 5–3–17; 8:45 am]            the National Flood Insurance Act of
                                             VII. Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995                    BILLING CODE 4164–01–P                                1968, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 4022,
                                                                                                                                                           prohibits the sale of NFIP flood
                                               This final rule contains no collection                                                                      insurance unless an appropriate public
                                             of information. Therefore, clearance by                                                                       body adopts adequate floodplain
                                             the Office of Management and Budget                     DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND
                                                                                                     SECURITY                                              management measures with effective
                                             under the Paperwork Reduction Act of                                                                          enforcement measures. The
                                             1995 is not required.                                   Federal Emergency Management                          communities listed in this document no
                                             VIII. Objections                                        Agency                                                longer meet that statutory requirement
                                                                                                                                                           for compliance with program
                                               If you will be adversely affected by                  44 CFR Part 64                                        regulations, 44 CFR part 59.
                                             one or more provisions of this                                                                                Accordingly, the communities will be
                                             regulation, you may file with the                       [Docket ID FEMA–2017–0002; Internal
                                                                                                     Agency Docket No. FEMA–8477]
                                                                                                                                                           suspended on the effective date in the
                                             Division of Dockets Management (see                                                                           third column. As of that date, flood
                                             ADDRESSES) either electronic or written                                                                       insurance will no longer be available in
                                             objections. You must separately number                  Suspension of Community Eligibility
                                                                                                                                                           the community. We recognize that some
                                             each objection, and within each                         AGENCY:  Federal Emergency                            of these communities may adopt and
                                             numbered objection you must specify                     Management Agency, DHS.                               submit the required documentation of
                                             with particularity the provision(s) to                  ACTION: Final rule.                                   legally enforceable floodplain
                                             which you object, and the grounds for                                                                         management measures after this rule is
                                             your objection. Within each numbered                    SUMMARY:    This rule identifies                      published but prior to the actual
                                             objection, you must specifically state                  communities where the sale of flood                   suspension date. These communities
                                             whether you are requesting a hearing on                 insurance has been authorized under                   will not be suspended and will continue
                                             the particular provision that you specify               the National Flood Insurance Program                  to be eligible for the sale of NFIP flood
                                             in that numbered objection. If you do                   (NFIP) that are scheduled for                         insurance. A notice withdrawing the
                                             not request a hearing for any particular                suspension on the effective dates listed              suspension of such communities will be
                                             objection, you waive the right to a                     within this rule because of                           published in the Federal Register.
                                             hearing on that objection. If you request               noncompliance with the floodplain                        In addition, FEMA publishes a Flood
                                             a hearing, your objection must include                  management requirements of the                        Insurance Rate Map (FIRM) that
                                             a detailed description and analysis of                  program. If the Federal Emergency                     identifies the Special Flood Hazard
                                             the specific factual information you                    Management Agency (FEMA) receives                     Areas (SFHAs) in these communities.
                                             intend to present in support of the                     documentation that the community has                  The date of the FIRM, if one has been
                                             objection in the event that a hearing is                adopted the required floodplain                       published, is indicated in the fourth
                                             held. If you do not include such a                      management measures prior to the                      column of the table. No direct Federal
                                             description and analysis for any                        effective suspension date given in this               financial assistance (except assistance
                                             particular objection, you waive the right               rule, the suspension will not occur and               pursuant to the Robert T. Stafford
                                             to a hearing on the objection.                          a notice of this will be provided by                  Disaster Relief and Emergency
                                               Any objections received in response                   publication in the Federal Register on a              Assistance Act not in connection with a
                                             to the regulation may be seen in the                    subsequent date. Also, information                    flood) may be provided for construction
                                             Division of Dockets Management                          identifying the current participation                 or acquisition of buildings in identified
                                             between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday                       status of a community can be obtained                 SFHAs for communities not
                                             through Friday, and will be posted to                   from FEMA’s Community Status Book                     participating in the NFIP and identified
                                             the docket at https://                                  (CSB). The CSB is available at https://               for more than a year on FEMA’s initial
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                                             www.regulations.gov.                                    www.fema.gov/national-flood-                          FIRM for the community as having
                                                                                                     insurance-program-community-status-                   flood-prone areas (section 202(a) of the
                                             List of Subjects in 21 CFR Part 177                     book.                                                 Flood Disaster Protection Act of 1973,
                                               Food additives, Food packaging.                       DATES:  The effective date of each                    42 U.S.C. 4106(a), as amended). This
                                               Therefore, under the Federal Food,                    community’s scheduled suspension is                   prohibition against certain types of
                                             Drug, and Cosmetic Act and under                        the third date (‘‘Susp.’’) listed in the              Federal assistance becomes effective for
                                             authority delegated to the Commissioner                 third column of the following tables.                 the communities listed on the date


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Document Created: 2017-05-04 01:49:08
Document Modified: 2017-05-04 01:49:08
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionRules and Regulations
ActionFinal rule.
DatesThis rule is effective May 4, 2017. Submit either electronic or written objections and requests for a hearing on the final rule by June
ContactVivian Gilliam, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (HFS-275), Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Dr., College Park, MD 20740-3835, 240-402-1193.
FR Citation82 FR 20829 
CFR AssociatedFood Additives and Food Packaging

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