82_FR_21552 82 FR 21464 - Special Conditions: Gulfstream Aerospace LP, Model Gulfstream 200 Airplane; Non-Rechargeable Lithium Battery Installations

82 FR 21464 - Special Conditions: Gulfstream Aerospace LP, Model Gulfstream 200 Airplane; Non-Rechargeable Lithium Battery Installations

DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
Federal Aviation Administration

Federal Register Volume 82, Issue 88 (May 9, 2017)

Page Range21464-21467
FR Document2017-09320

These special conditions are issued for non-rechargeable lithium battery installations on the Gulfstream Aerospace LP (GALP) Model Gulfstream 200 airplane, as modified by Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation (Gulfstream). Non-rechargeable lithium batteries are a novel or unusual design feature when compared to the state of technology envisioned in the airworthiness standards for transport category airplanes. The applicable airworthiness regulations do not contain adequate or appropriate safety standards for this design feature. These special conditions contain the additional safety standards that the Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of safety equivalent to that established by the existing airworthiness standards.

Federal Register, Volume 82 Issue 88 (Tuesday, May 9, 2017)
[Federal Register Volume 82, Number 88 (Tuesday, May 9, 2017)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 21464-21467]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2017-09320]


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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration

14 CFR Part 25

[Docket No. FAA-2017-0364; Special Conditions No. 25-667-SC]


Special Conditions: Gulfstream Aerospace LP, Model Gulfstream 200 
Airplane; Non-Rechargeable Lithium Battery Installations

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION: Final special conditions; request for comment.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: These special conditions are issued for non-rechargeable 
lithium battery installations on the Gulfstream Aerospace LP (GALP) 
Model Gulfstream 200 airplane, as modified by Gulfstream Aerospace 
Corporation (Gulfstream). Non-rechargeable lithium batteries are a 
novel or unusual design feature when compared to the state of 
technology envisioned in the airworthiness standards for transport 
category airplanes. The applicable airworthiness regulations do not 
contain adequate or appropriate safety standards for this design 
feature. These special conditions contain the additional safety 
standards that the Administrator considers necessary to establish a 
level of safety equivalent to that established by the existing 
airworthiness standards.

DATES: This action is effective on Gulfstream Aerospace LP on May 9, 
2017. We must receive your comments by June 23, 2017.

ADDRESSES: Send comments identified by docket number FAA-2017-0364 
using any of the following methods:
     Federal eRegulations Portal: Go to http://www.regulations.gov/ and follow the online instructions for sending 
your comments electronically.
     Mail: Send comments to Docket Operations, M-30, U.S. 
Department of Transportation (DOT), 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Room 
W12-140, West Building Ground Floor, Washington, DC, 20590-0001.
     Hand Delivery or Courier: Take comments to Docket 
Operations in Room W12-140 of the West Building Ground Floor at 1200 
New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., 
Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.
     Fax: Fax comments to Docket Operations at 202-493-2251.
    Privacy: The FAA will post all comments it receives, without 
change, to http://www.regulations.gov/, including any personal 
information the commenter provides. Using the search function of the 
docket Web site, anyone can find and read the electronic form of all 
comments received into any FAA docket, including the name of the 
individual sending the comment (or signing the comment for an 
association, business, labor union, etc.). DOT's complete Privacy Act 
Statement can be found in the Federal Register published on April 11, 
2000 (65 FR 19477-19478), as well as at http://DocketsInfo.dot.gov/.
    Docket: Background documents or comments received may be read at 
http://www.regulations.gov/ at any time. Follow the online instructions 
for accessing the docket or go to Docket Operations in Room W12-140 of 
the West Building Ground Floor at 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., 
Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, 
except Federal holidays.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Nazih Khaouly, Airplane and Flight 
Crew Interface Branch, ANM-111, Transport Airplane Directorate, 
Aircraft Certification Service, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, 
Washington, 98057-3356; telephone 425-227-2432; facsimile 425-227-1149.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Future Requests for Installation of Non-Rechargeable Lithium Batteries

    The FAA anticipates that non-rechargeable lithium batteries will be 
installed in most makes and models of transport category airplanes. We 
intend to require special conditions for certification projects 
involving non-rechargeable lithium battery installations to address 
certain safety issues until we can revise the airworthiness 
requirements. Applying special conditions to these installations across 
the range of transport category airplanes will ensure regulatory 
consistency.
    Typically, the FAA issues special conditions after receiving an 
application for type certificate approval of a novel or unusual design 
feature. However, the FAA has found that the presence of non-
rechargeable lithium batteries in certification projects is not always 
immediately identifiable, since the battery itself may not be the focus 
of the project. Meanwhile, the inclusion of these batteries has become 
virtually ubiquitous on in-production transport category airplanes, 
which shows that there will be a need for these special conditions. 
Also, delaying the issuance of special conditions until after each 
design application is received could lead to costly certification 
delays. Therefore the FAA finds it necessary to issue special 
conditions applicable to these battery installations on particular 
makes and models of aircraft.
    On April 22, 2016, the FAA published special conditions no. 25-612-
SC in the Federal Register (81 FR 23573) applicable to Gulfstream 
Aerospace Corporation for the GVI airplane. Those were the first 
special conditions the FAA issued for non-rechargeable lithium battery 
installations. We explained in that document our decision to make those 
special conditions effective one year after publication in the Federal 
Register, which is April 22, 2017. In those special conditions, the FAA 
stated its intention to apply non-rechargeable lithium battery special 
conditions to design changes on other makes and models applied for 
after this same date.
    Section 1205 of the FAA Reauthorization Act of 1996 requires the 
FAA to consider the extent to which Alaska is not served by 
transportation modes other than aviation and to establish appropriate 
regulatory distinctions when modifying airworthiness regulations that 
affect intrastate aviation in Alaska. In consideration of this 
requirement and the overall impact on safety, the FAA does not intend 
to require non-rechargeable lithium battery special conditions for 
design changes that only replace a 121.5 megahertz (MHz) emergency 
locator transmitter (ELT) with a 406 MHz ELT that meets Technical 
Standard Order C126b, or later revision, on transport airplanes 
operating only in Alaska. This will support our efforts of encouraging 
operators in Alaska to upgrade to a 406 MHz ELT. These ELTs provide 
significantly improved accuracy for lifesaving services to locate an 
accident site in Alaskan terrain. The FAA considers that the safety 
benefits from upgrading to a 406 MHz ELT for

[[Page 21465]]

Alaskan operations will outweigh the battery fire risk.

Comments Invited

    The substance of these special conditions has been subjected to the 
notice and comment period in prior instances and has been derived 
without substantive change from those previously issued. It is unlikely 
that prior public comment would result in a significant change from the 
substance contained herein. Therefore, the FAA has determined that 
prior public notice and comment are unnecessary and impracticable, and 
good cause exists for adopting these special conditions upon 
publication in the Federal Register. The FAA is requesting comments to 
allow interested persons to submit views that may not have been 
submitted in response to the prior opportunities for comment described 
above.
    We invite interested people to take part in this rulemaking by 
sending written comments, data, or views. The most helpful comments 
reference a specific portion of the special conditions, explain the 
reason for any recommended change, and include supporting data.
    We will consider all comments we receive by the closing date for 
comments. We may change these special conditions based on the comments 
we receive.

Background

    Gulfstream periodically applies to amend its supplemental type 
certificate that installs an executive passenger cabin interior, which 
includes non-rechargeable lithium batteries, in the GALP Model 
Gulfstream 200 airplane. The GALP Model Gulfstream 200, approved under 
type certificate no. A53NM, is a twin engine, transport category 
airplane with a passenger seating capacity of 19 and a maximum takeoff 
weight of 34,850 to 35,650 pounds, depending on the specific design.
    The FAA is issuing these special conditions for non-rechargeable 
lithium battery installations on the GALP Model Gulfstream 200 
airplane, as modified by Gulfstream. The current battery requirements 
in title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR) part 25 are 
inadequate for addressing an airplane with non-rechargeable lithium 
batteries.

Type Certification Basis

    Under the provisions of 14 CFR 21.101, Gulfstream must show that 
the change and areas affected by the change on the GALP Model 
Gulfstream 200 airplane meet the applicable regulations in effect on 
the date of application for the change, except for earlier amendments 
as agreed upon by the FAA. Earlier amended regulations may not precede 
those listed in type certificate no. A53NM or, for amended supplemental 
type certificate projects, those listed in the supplemental type 
certificate. In addition, the certification basis includes certain 
special conditions, exemptions, or later amended sections that are not 
relevant to these special conditions.
    If the Administrator finds that the applicable airworthiness 
regulations (i.e., 14 CFR part 25) do not contain adequate or 
appropriate safety standards for the GALP Model Gulfstream 200 
airplane, as modified by Gulfstream, because of a novel or unusual 
design feature, special conditions are prescribed under the provisions 
of Sec.  21.16.
    Special conditions are initially applicable to the airplane model 
for which they are issued. Should the applicant apply for a 
supplemental type certificate to modify any other model included on the 
same type certificate to incorporate the same novel or unusual design 
feature, these special conditions would also apply to the other model 
under Sec.  21.101.
    In addition to the applicable airworthiness regulations and special 
conditions, the GALP Model Gulfstream 200 airplane must comply with the 
fuel vent and exhaust emission requirements of 14 CFR part 34 and the 
noise certification requirements of 14 CFR part 36.
    The FAA issues special conditions, as defined in 14 CFR 11.19, in 
accordance with Sec.  11.38, and they become part of the type 
certification basis under Sec.  21.101.

Novel or Unusual Design Feature

    The novel or unusual design feature is the installation of non-
rechargeable lithium batteries.
    For the purpose of these special conditions, we refer to a battery 
and battery system as a battery. A battery system consists of the 
battery and any protective, monitoring, and alerting circuitry or 
hardware inside or outside of the battery. It also includes vents 
(where necessary) and packaging.

Discussion

    The FAA derived the current regulations governing installation of 
batteries in transport category airplanes from Civil Air Regulations 
(CAR) 4b.625(d) as part of the recodification of CAR 4b that 
established 14 CFR part 25 in February 1965. This recodification 
basically reworded the CAR 4b battery requirements, which are currently 
in Sec.  25.1353(b)(1) through (4). Non-rechargeable lithium batteries 
are novel and unusual with respect to the state of technology 
considered when these requirements were codified. These batteries 
introduce higher energy levels into airplane systems through new 
chemical compositions in various battery cell sizes and construction. 
Interconnection of these cells in battery packs introduces failure 
modes that require unique design considerations, such as provisions for 
thermal management.
    Recent events involving rechargeable and non-rechargeable lithium 
batteries prompted the FAA to initiate a broad evaluation of these 
energy storage technologies. In January 2013, two independent events 
involving rechargeable lithium-ion batteries revealed unanticipated 
failure modes. A National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) letter to 
the FAA, dated May 22, 2014, which is available at http://www.ntsb.gov, 
filename A-14-032-036.pdf, describes these events.
    On July 12, 2013, an event involving a non-rechargeable lithium 
battery in an emergency locator transmitter installation demonstrated 
unanticipated failure modes. The United Kingdom's Air Accidents 
Investigation Branch Bulletin S5/2013 describes this event.
    Some known uses of rechargeable and non-rechargeable lithium 
batteries on airplanes include:
     Flight deck and avionics systems such as displays, global 
positioning systems, cockpit voice recorders, flight data recorders, 
underwater locator beacons, navigation computers, integrated avionics 
computers, satellite network and communication systems, communication 
management units, and remote-monitor electronic line-replaceable units;
     Cabin safety, entertainment, and communications equipment, 
including emergency locator transmitters, life rafts, escape slides, 
seatbelt air bags, cabin management systems, Ethernet switches, routers 
and media servers, wireless systems, internet and in-flight 
entertainment systems, satellite televisions, remotes, and handsets;
     Systems in cargo areas including door controls, sensors, 
video surveillance equipment, and security systems.
    Some known potential hazards and failure modes associated with non-
rechargeable lithium batteries are:
     Internal failures: In general, these batteries are 
significantly more susceptible to internal failures that can result in 
self-sustaining increases in temperature and pressure (i.e., thermal 
runaway) than their nickel-cadmium or

[[Page 21466]]

lead-acid counterparts. The metallic lithium can ignite, resulting in a 
self-sustaining fire or explosion.
     Fast or imbalanced discharging: Fast discharging or an 
imbalanced discharge of one cell of a multi-cell battery may create an 
overheating condition that results in an uncontrollable venting 
condition, which in turn leads to a thermal event or an explosion.
     Flammability: Unlike nickel-cadmium and lead-acid 
batteries, lithium batteries use higher energy and current in an 
electrochemical system that can be configured to maximize energy 
storage of lithium. They also use liquid electrolytes that can be 
extremely flammable. The electrolyte, as well as the electrodes, can 
serve as a source of fuel for an external fire if the battery casing is 
breached.
    Special condition no. 1 of these special conditions requires that 
each individual cell within a non-rechargeable lithium battery be 
designed to maintain safe temperatures and pressures. Special condition 
no. 2 addresses these same issues but for the entire battery. Special 
condition no. 2 requires the battery be designed to prevent propagation 
of a thermal event, such as self-sustained, uncontrollable increases in 
temperature or pressure from one cell to adjacent cells.
    Special conditions nos. 1 and 2 are intended to ensure that the 
non-rechargeable lithium battery and its cells are designed to 
eliminate the potential for uncontrollable failures. However, a certain 
number of failures will occur due to various factors beyond the control 
of the battery designer. Therefore, other special conditions are 
intended to protect the airplane and its occupants if failure occurs.
    Special conditions 3, 7, and 8 are self-explanatory.
    Special condition no. 4 makes it clear that the flammable fluid 
fire protection requirements of Sec.  25.863 apply to non-rechargeable 
lithium battery installations. Section 25.863 is applicable to areas of 
the airplane that could be exposed to flammable fluid leakage from 
airplane systems. Non-rechargeable lithium batteries contain an 
electrolyte that is a flammable fluid.
    Special condition no. 5 requires that each non-rechargeable lithium 
battery installation not damage surrounding structure or adjacent 
systems, equipment, or electrical wiring from corrosive fluids or gases 
that may escape in such a way as to cause a major or more severe 
failure condition.
    While special condition no. 5 addresses corrosive fluids and gases, 
special condition no. 6 addresses heat. Special condition no. 6 
requires that each non-rechargeable lithium battery installation have 
provisions to prevent any hazardous effect on airplane structure or 
systems caused by the maximum amount of heat the battery installation 
can generate due to any failure of it or its individual cells. The 
means of meeting special conditions nos. 5 and 6 may be the same, but 
the requirements are independent and address different hazards.
    These special conditions apply to all non-rechargeable lithium 
battery installations in lieu of Sec.  25.1353(b)(1) through (4) at 
Amendment 25-123 or Sec.  25.1353(c)(1) through (4) at earlier 
amendments. Those regulations remain in effect for other battery 
installations.
    These special conditions contain the additional safety standards 
that the Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of 
safety equivalent to that established by the existing airworthiness 
standards.

Applicability

    These special conditions are applicable to the GALP Model 
Gulfstream 200 airplane, as modified by Gulfstream. Should Gulfstream 
apply at a later date for a supplemental type certificate to modify any 
other model included on type certificate no. A53NM to incorporate the 
same novel or unusual design feature, these special conditions would 
apply to that model as well.
    These special conditions are only applicable to design changes 
applied for after the effective date.
    These special conditions are not applicable to changes to 
previously certified non-rechargeable lithium battery installations 
where the only change is either cosmetic or to relocate the 
installation to improve the safety of the airplane and occupants. 
Previously certified non-rechargeable lithium battery installations, as 
used in this paragraph, are those installations approved for 
certification projects applied for on or before the effective date of 
these special conditions. A cosmetic change is a change in appearance 
only, and does not change any function or safety characteristic of the 
battery installation. These special conditions are also not applicable 
to unchanged, previously certified non-rechargeable lithium battery 
installations that are affected by a change in a manner that improves 
the safety of its installation. The FAA determined that these 
exclusions are in the public interest because the need to meet all of 
the special conditions might otherwise deter these design changes that 
improve safety.

Conclusion

    This action affects only a certain novel or unusual design feature 
on one model of airplane. It is not a rule of general applicability.
    The substance of these special conditions has been subjected to the 
notice and comment period in prior instances and has been derived 
without substantive change from those previously issued. It is unlikely 
that prior public comment would result in a significant change from the 
substance contained herein. Therefore, the FAA has determined that 
prior public notice and comment are unnecessary and impracticable, and 
good cause exists for adopting these special conditions upon 
publication in the Federal Register. The FAA is requesting comments to 
allow interested persons to submit views that may not have been 
submitted in response to the prior opportunities for comment described 
above.

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25

    Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting and record keeping 
requirements.

    The authority citation for these special conditions is as follows:

    Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702, 44704.

The Special Conditions

    Accordingly, pursuant to the authority delegated to me by the 
Administrator, the following special conditions are issued as part of 
the type certification basis for the GALP Model Gulfstream 200 airplane 
modified by Gulfstream.

Non-Rechargeable Lithium Battery Installations

    In lieu of Sec.  25.1353(b)(1) through (4) at Amendment 25-123 or 
Sec.  25.1353(c)(1) through (4) at earlier amendments, each non-
rechargeable lithium battery installation must:
    1. Be designed to maintain safe cell temperatures and pressures 
under all foreseeable operating conditions to prevent fire and 
explosion.
    2. Be designed to prevent the occurrence of self-sustaining, 
uncontrollable increases in temperature or pressure.
    3. Not emit explosive or toxic gases, either in normal operation or 
as a result of its failure, that may accumulate in hazardous quantities 
within the airplane.
    4. Meet the requirements of Sec.  25.863.
    5. Not damage surrounding structure or adjacent systems, equipment, 
or electrical wiring from corrosive fluids or gases that may escape in 
such a way as to cause a major or more severe failure condition.

[[Page 21467]]

    6. Have provisions to prevent any hazardous effect on airplane 
structure or systems caused by the maximum amount of heat it can 
generate due to any failure of it or its individual cells.
    7. Have a failure sensing and warning system to alert the 
flightcrew if its failure affects safe operation of the airplane.
    8. Have a means for the flightcrew or maintenance personnel to 
determine the battery charge state if the battery's function is 
required for safe operation of the airplane.

    Note: A battery system consists of the battery and any 
protective, monitoring, and alerting circuitry or hardware inside or 
outside of the battery. It also includes vents (where necessary) and 
packaging. For the purpose of these special conditions, a 
``battery'' and ``battery system'' are referred to as a battery.


    Issued in Renton, Washington, on April 24, 2017.
Michael Kaszycki,
Assistant Manager, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft 
Certification Service.
[FR Doc. 2017-09320 Filed 5-8-17; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 4910-13-P



                                             21464                Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 88 / Tuesday, May 9, 2017 / Rules and Regulations

                                               8. Have a means for the flightcrew or                 the online instructions for sending your                 Typically, the FAA issues special
                                             maintenance personnel to determine the                  comments electronically.                              conditions after receiving an application
                                             battery charge state if the battery’s                      • Mail: Send comments to Docket                    for type certificate approval of a novel
                                             function is required for safe operation of              Operations, M–30, U.S. Department of                  or unusual design feature. However, the
                                             the airplane.                                           Transportation (DOT), 1200 New Jersey                 FAA has found that the presence of non-
                                                Note: A battery system consists of the               Avenue SE., Room W12–140, West                        rechargeable lithium batteries in
                                             battery and any protective, monitoring, and             Building Ground Floor, Washington,                    certification projects is not always
                                             alerting circuitry or hardware inside or                DC, 20590–0001.                                       immediately identifiable, since the
                                             outside of the battery. It also includes vents             • Hand Delivery or Courier: Take                   battery itself may not be the focus of the
                                             (where necessary) and packaging. For the                comments to Docket Operations in                      project. Meanwhile, the inclusion of
                                             purpose of these special conditions, a                  Room W12–140 of the West Building                     these batteries has become virtually
                                             ‘‘battery’’ and ‘‘battery system’’ are referred to      Ground Floor at 1200 New Jersey
                                             as a battery.
                                                                                                                                                           ubiquitous on in-production transport
                                                                                                     Avenue SE., Washington, DC, between 9                 category airplanes, which shows that
                                               Issued in Renton, Washington, on April 24,            a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through                       there will be a need for these special
                                             2017.                                                   Friday, except Federal holidays.                      conditions. Also, delaying the issuance
                                             Michael Kaszycki,
                                                                                                        • Fax: Fax comments to Docket                      of special conditions until after each
                                                                                                     Operations at 202–493–2251.                           design application is received could
                                             Assistant Manager, Transport Airplane
                                                                                                        Privacy: The FAA will post all                     lead to costly certification delays.
                                             Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service.
                                                                                                     comments it receives, without change,
                                             [FR Doc. 2017–09319 Filed 5–8–17; 8:45 am]                                                                    Therefore the FAA finds it necessary to
                                                                                                     to http://www.regulations.gov/,
                                             BILLING CODE 4910–13–P                                                                                        issue special conditions applicable to
                                                                                                     including any personal information the
                                                                                                                                                           these battery installations on particular
                                                                                                     commenter provides. Using the search
                                                                                                                                                           makes and models of aircraft.
                                                                                                     function of the docket Web site, anyone
                                             DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION                                                                                     On April 22, 2016, the FAA published
                                                                                                     can find and read the electronic form of
                                                                                                     all comments received into any FAA                    special conditions no. 25–612–SC in the
                                             Federal Aviation Administration                                                                               Federal Register (81 FR 23573)
                                                                                                     docket, including the name of the
                                                                                                     individual sending the comment (or                    applicable to Gulfstream Aerospace
                                             14 CFR Part 25                                                                                                Corporation for the GVI airplane. Those
                                                                                                     signing the comment for an association,
                                             [Docket No. FAA–2017–0364; Special                      business, labor union, etc.). DOT’s                   were the first special conditions the
                                             Conditions No. 25–667–SC]                               complete Privacy Act Statement can be                 FAA issued for non-rechargeable
                                                                                                     found in the Federal Register published               lithium battery installations. We
                                             Special Conditions: Gulfstream                                                                                explained in that document our
                                             Aerospace LP, Model Gulfstream 200                      on April 11, 2000 (65 FR 19477–19478),
                                                                                                     as well as at http://DocketsInfo.dot.gov/.            decision to make those special
                                             Airplane; Non-Rechargeable Lithium                                                                            conditions effective one year after
                                                                                                        Docket: Background documents or
                                             Battery Installations                                                                                         publication in the Federal Register,
                                                                                                     comments received may be read at
                                             AGENCY:  Federal Aviation                               http://www.regulations.gov/ at any time.              which is April 22, 2017. In those special
                                             Administration (FAA), DOT.                              Follow the online instructions for                    conditions, the FAA stated its intention
                                             ACTION: Final special conditions; request               accessing the docket or go to Docket                  to apply non-rechargeable lithium
                                             for comment.                                            Operations in Room W12–140 of the                     battery special conditions to design
                                                                                                     West Building Ground Floor at 1200                    changes on other makes and models
                                             SUMMARY:   These special conditions are                 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington,                    applied for after this same date.
                                             issued for non-rechargeable lithium                     DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday                    Section 1205 of the FAA
                                             battery installations on the Gulfstream                 through Friday, except Federal holidays.              Reauthorization Act of 1996 requires the
                                             Aerospace LP (GALP) Model Gulfstream                    FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:                      FAA to consider the extent to which
                                             200 airplane, as modified by Gulfstream                 Nazih Khaouly, Airplane and Flight                    Alaska is not served by transportation
                                             Aerospace Corporation (Gulfstream).                     Crew Interface Branch, ANM–111,                       modes other than aviation and to
                                             Non-rechargeable lithium batteries are a                Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft              establish appropriate regulatory
                                             novel or unusual design feature when                    Certification Service, 1601 Lind Avenue               distinctions when modifying
                                             compared to the state of technology                     SW., Renton, Washington, 98057–3356;                  airworthiness regulations that affect
                                             envisioned in the airworthiness                         telephone 425–227–2432; facsimile                     intrastate aviation in Alaska. In
                                             standards for transport category                        425–227–1149.                                         consideration of this requirement and
                                             airplanes. The applicable airworthiness                 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:                            the overall impact on safety, the FAA
                                             regulations do not contain adequate or                                                                        does not intend to require non-
                                             appropriate safety standards for this                   Future Requests for Installation of Non-              rechargeable lithium battery special
                                             design feature. These special conditions                Rechargeable Lithium Batteries                        conditions for design changes that only
                                             contain the additional safety standards                    The FAA anticipates that non-                      replace a 121.5 megahertz (MHz)
                                             that the Administrator considers                        rechargeable lithium batteries will be                emergency locator transmitter (ELT)
                                             necessary to establish a level of safety                installed in most makes and models of                 with a 406 MHz ELT that meets
                                             equivalent to that established by the                   transport category airplanes. We intend               Technical Standard Order C126b, or
                                             existing airworthiness standards.                       to require special conditions for                     later revision, on transport airplanes
                                             DATES: This action is effective on                      certification projects involving non-                 operating only in Alaska. This will
                                             Gulfstream Aerospace LP on May 9,                       rechargeable lithium battery                          support our efforts of encouraging
                                             2017. We must receive your comments                     installations to address certain safety               operators in Alaska to upgrade to a 406
nlaroche on DSK30NT082PROD with RULES




                                             by June 23, 2017.                                       issues until we can revise the                        MHz ELT. These ELTs provide
                                             ADDRESSES: Send comments identified                     airworthiness requirements. Applying                  significantly improved accuracy for
                                             by docket number FAA–2017–0364                          special conditions to these installations             lifesaving services to locate an accident
                                             using any of the following methods:                     across the range of transport category                site in Alaskan terrain. The FAA
                                                • Federal eRegulations Portal: Go to                 airplanes will ensure regulatory                      considers that the safety benefits from
                                             http://www.regulations.gov/ and follow                  consistency.                                          upgrading to a 406 MHz ELT for


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                                                                  Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 88 / Tuesday, May 9, 2017 / Rules and Regulations                                         21465

                                             Alaskan operations will outweigh the                    the change, except for earlier                        § 25.1353(b)(1) through (4). Non-
                                             battery fire risk.                                      amendments as agreed upon by the                      rechargeable lithium batteries are novel
                                                                                                     FAA. Earlier amended regulations may                  and unusual with respect to the state of
                                             Comments Invited
                                                                                                     not precede those listed in type                      technology considered when these
                                               The substance of these special                        certificate no. A53NM or, for amended                 requirements were codified. These
                                             conditions has been subjected to the                    supplemental type certificate projects,               batteries introduce higher energy levels
                                             notice and comment period in prior                      those listed in the supplemental type                 into airplane systems through new
                                             instances and has been derived without                  certificate. In addition, the certification           chemical compositions in various
                                             substantive change from those                           basis includes certain special                        battery cell sizes and construction.
                                             previously issued. It is unlikely that                  conditions, exemptions, or later                      Interconnection of these cells in battery
                                             prior public comment would result in a                  amended sections that are not relevant                packs introduces failure modes that
                                             significant change from the substance                   to these special conditions.                          require unique design considerations,
                                             contained herein. Therefore, the FAA                       If the Administrator finds that the                such as provisions for thermal
                                             has determined that prior public notice                 applicable airworthiness regulations                  management.
                                             and comment are unnecessary and                         (i.e., 14 CFR part 25) do not contain                    Recent events involving rechargeable
                                             impracticable, and good cause exists for                adequate or appropriate safety standards              and non-rechargeable lithium batteries
                                             adopting these special conditions upon                  for the GALP Model Gulfstream 200                     prompted the FAA to initiate a broad
                                             publication in the Federal Register. The                airplane, as modified by Gulfstream,                  evaluation of these energy storage
                                             FAA is requesting comments to allow                     because of a novel or unusual design                  technologies. In January 2013, two
                                             interested persons to submit views that                 feature, special conditions are                       independent events involving
                                             may not have been submitted in                          prescribed under the provisions of                    rechargeable lithium-ion batteries
                                             response to the prior opportunities for                 § 21.16.                                              revealed unanticipated failure modes. A
                                             comment described above.                                   Special conditions are initially                   National Transportation Safety Board
                                               We invite interested people to take                   applicable to the airplane model for                  (NTSB) letter to the FAA, dated May 22,
                                             part in this rulemaking by sending                      which they are issued. Should the                     2014, which is available at http://
                                             written comments, data, or views. The                   applicant apply for a supplemental type               www.ntsb.gov, filename A–14–032–
                                             most helpful comments reference a                       certificate to modify any other model                 036.pdf, describes these events.
                                             specific portion of the special                         included on the same type certificate to                 On July 12, 2013, an event involving
                                             conditions, explain the reason for any                  incorporate the same novel or unusual                 a non-rechargeable lithium battery in an
                                             recommended change, and include                         design feature, these special conditions              emergency locator transmitter
                                             supporting data.                                        would also apply to the other model                   installation demonstrated unanticipated
                                               We will consider all comments we                      under § 21.101.                                       failure modes. The United Kingdom’s
                                             receive by the closing date for                            In addition to the applicable                      Air Accidents Investigation Branch
                                             comments. We may change these special                   airworthiness regulations and special                 Bulletin S5/2013 describes this event.
                                             conditions based on the comments we                     conditions, the GALP Model Gulfstream                    Some known uses of rechargeable and
                                             receive.                                                200 airplane must comply with the fuel                non-rechargeable lithium batteries on
                                                                                                     vent and exhaust emission requirements                airplanes include:
                                             Background                                                                                                       • Flight deck and avionics systems
                                                                                                     of 14 CFR part 34 and the noise
                                               Gulfstream periodically applies to                    certification requirements of 14 CFR                  such as displays, global positioning
                                             amend its supplemental type certificate                 part 36.                                              systems, cockpit voice recorders, flight
                                             that installs an executive passenger                       The FAA issues special conditions, as              data recorders, underwater locator
                                             cabin interior, which includes non-                     defined in 14 CFR 11.19, in accordance                beacons, navigation computers,
                                             rechargeable lithium batteries, in the                  with § 11.38, and they become part of                 integrated avionics computers, satellite
                                             GALP Model Gulfstream 200 airplane.                     the type certification basis under                    network and communication systems,
                                             The GALP Model Gulfstream 200,                          § 21.101.                                             communication management units, and
                                             approved under type certificate no.                                                                           remote-monitor electronic line-
                                             A53NM, is a twin engine, transport                      Novel or Unusual Design Feature                       replaceable units;
                                             category airplane with a passenger                         The novel or unusual design feature is                • Cabin safety, entertainment, and
                                             seating capacity of 19 and a maximum                    the installation of non-rechargeable                  communications equipment, including
                                             takeoff weight of 34,850 to 35,650                      lithium batteries.                                    emergency locator transmitters, life
                                             pounds, depending on the specific                          For the purpose of these special                   rafts, escape slides, seatbelt air bags,
                                             design.                                                 conditions, we refer to a battery and                 cabin management systems, Ethernet
                                               The FAA is issuing these special                      battery system as a battery. A battery                switches, routers and media servers,
                                             conditions for non-rechargeable lithium                 system consists of the battery and any                wireless systems, internet and in-flight
                                             battery installations on the GALP Model                 protective, monitoring, and alerting                  entertainment systems, satellite
                                             Gulfstream 200 airplane, as modified by                 circuitry or hardware inside or outside               televisions, remotes, and handsets;
                                             Gulfstream. The current battery                         of the battery. It also includes vents                   • Systems in cargo areas including
                                             requirements in title 14, Code of Federal               (where necessary) and packaging.                      door controls, sensors, video
                                             Regulations (14 CFR) part 25 are                                                                              surveillance equipment, and security
                                                                                                     Discussion
                                             inadequate for addressing an airplane                                                                         systems.
                                             with non-rechargeable lithium batteries.                  The FAA derived the current                            Some known potential hazards and
                                                                                                     regulations governing installation of                 failure modes associated with non-
                                             Type Certification Basis                                batteries in transport category airplanes
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                                                                                                                                                           rechargeable lithium batteries are:
                                               Under the provisions of 14 CFR                        from Civil Air Regulations (CAR)                         • Internal failures: In general, these
                                             21.101, Gulfstream must show that the                   4b.625(d) as part of the recodification of            batteries are significantly more
                                             change and areas affected by the change                 CAR 4b that established 14 CFR part 25                susceptible to internal failures that can
                                             on the GALP Model Gulfstream 200                        in February 1965. This recodification                 result in self-sustaining increases in
                                             airplane meet the applicable regulations                basically reworded the CAR 4b battery                 temperature and pressure (i.e., thermal
                                             in effect on the date of application for                requirements, which are currently in                  runaway) than their nickel-cadmium or


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                                             21466                Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 88 / Tuesday, May 9, 2017 / Rules and Regulations

                                             lead-acid counterparts. The metallic                    Special condition no. 6 requires that                 Conclusion
                                             lithium can ignite, resulting in a self-                each non-rechargeable lithium battery                   This action affects only a certain
                                             sustaining fire or explosion.                           installation have provisions to prevent               novel or unusual design feature on one
                                                • Fast or imbalanced discharging:                    any hazardous effect on airplane                      model of airplane. It is not a rule of
                                             Fast discharging or an imbalanced                       structure or systems caused by the                    general applicability.
                                             discharge of one cell of a multi-cell                   maximum amount of heat the battery                      The substance of these special
                                             battery may create an overheating                       installation can generate due to any                  conditions has been subjected to the
                                             condition that results in an                            failure of it or its individual cells. The            notice and comment period in prior
                                             uncontrollable venting condition, which                 means of meeting special conditions                   instances and has been derived without
                                             in turn leads to a thermal event or an                  nos. 5 and 6 may be the same, but the                 substantive change from those
                                             explosion.                                              requirements are independent and                      previously issued. It is unlikely that
                                                • Flammability: Unlike nickel-                       address different hazards.                            prior public comment would result in a
                                             cadmium and lead-acid batteries,                           These special conditions apply to all              significant change from the substance
                                             lithium batteries use higher energy and                 non-rechargeable lithium battery                      contained herein. Therefore, the FAA
                                             current in an electrochemical system                    installations in lieu of § 25.1353(b)(1)              has determined that prior public notice
                                             that can be configured to maximize                      through (4) at Amendment 25–123 or                    and comment are unnecessary and
                                             energy storage of lithium. They also use                § 25.1353(c)(1) through (4) at earlier                impracticable, and good cause exists for
                                             liquid electrolytes that can be extremely               amendments. Those regulations remain                  adopting these special conditions upon
                                             flammable. The electrolyte, as well as                  in effect for other battery installations.            publication in the Federal Register. The
                                             the electrodes, can serve as a source of                   These special conditions contain the               FAA is requesting comments to allow
                                             fuel for an external fire if the battery                additional safety standards that the                  interested persons to submit views that
                                             casing is breached.                                     Administrator considers necessary to                  may not have been submitted in
                                                Special condition no. 1 of these                     establish a level of safety equivalent to             response to the prior opportunities for
                                             special conditions requires that each                   that established by the existing                      comment described above.
                                             individual cell within a non-                           airworthiness standards.
                                             rechargeable lithium battery be designed                                                                      List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25
                                                                                                     Applicability
                                             to maintain safe temperatures and                                                                               Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting
                                             pressures. Special condition no. 2                         These special conditions are                       and record keeping requirements.
                                             addresses these same issues but for the                 applicable to the GALP Model
                                                                                                                                                             The authority citation for these
                                             entire battery. Special condition no. 2                 Gulfstream 200 airplane, as modified by
                                                                                                                                                           special conditions is as follows:
                                             requires the battery be designed to                     Gulfstream. Should Gulfstream apply at
                                             prevent propagation of a thermal event,                 a later date for a supplemental type                    Authority: 49 U.S.C. 106(g), 40113, 44701,
                                                                                                     certificate to modify any other model                 44702, 44704.
                                             such as self-sustained, uncontrollable
                                             increases in temperature or pressure                    included on type certificate no. A53NM                The Special Conditions
                                             from one cell to adjacent cells.                        to incorporate the same novel or
                                                                                                                                                             Accordingly, pursuant to the
                                                Special conditions nos. 1 and 2 are                  unusual design feature, these special
                                                                                                                                                           authority delegated to me by the
                                             intended to ensure that the non-                        conditions would apply to that model as
                                                                                                                                                           Administrator, the following special
                                             rechargeable lithium battery and its                    well.
                                                                                                        These special conditions are only                  conditions are issued as part of the type
                                             cells are designed to eliminate the                                                                           certification basis for the GALP Model
                                             potential for uncontrollable failures.                  applicable to design changes applied for
                                                                                                     after the effective date.                             Gulfstream 200 airplane modified by
                                             However, a certain number of failures                                                                         Gulfstream.
                                             will occur due to various factors beyond                   These special conditions are not
                                             the control of the battery designer.                    applicable to changes to previously                   Non-Rechargeable Lithium Battery
                                             Therefore, other special conditions are                 certified non-rechargeable lithium                    Installations
                                             intended to protect the airplane and its                battery installations where the only                     In lieu of § 25.1353(b)(1) through (4)
                                             occupants if failure occurs.                            change is either cosmetic or to relocate              at Amendment 25–123 or § 25.1353(c)(1)
                                                Special conditions 3, 7, and 8 are self-             the installation to improve the safety of             through (4) at earlier amendments, each
                                             explanatory.                                            the airplane and occupants. Previously                non-rechargeable lithium battery
                                                Special condition no. 4 makes it clear               certified non-rechargeable lithium                    installation must:
                                             that the flammable fluid fire protection                battery installations, as used in this                   1. Be designed to maintain safe cell
                                             requirements of § 25.863 apply to non-                  paragraph, are those installations                    temperatures and pressures under all
                                             rechargeable lithium battery                            approved for certification projects                   foreseeable operating conditions to
                                             installations. Section 25.863 is                        applied for on or before the effective                prevent fire and explosion.
                                             applicable to areas of the airplane that                date of these special conditions. A                      2. Be designed to prevent the
                                             could be exposed to flammable fluid                     cosmetic change is a change in                        occurrence of self-sustaining,
                                             leakage from airplane systems. Non-                     appearance only, and does not change                  uncontrollable increases in temperature
                                             rechargeable lithium batteries contain                  any function or safety characteristic of              or pressure.
                                             an electrolyte that is a flammable fluid.               the battery installation. These special                  3. Not emit explosive or toxic gases,
                                                Special condition no. 5 requires that                conditions are also not applicable to                 either in normal operation or as a result
                                             each non-rechargeable lithium battery                   unchanged, previously certified non-                  of its failure, that may accumulate in
                                             installation not damage surrounding                     rechargeable lithium battery                          hazardous quantities within the
                                             structure or adjacent systems,                          installations that are affected by a                  airplane.
                                                                                                     change in a manner that improves the
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                                             equipment, or electrical wiring from                                                                             4. Meet the requirements of § 25.863.
                                             corrosive fluids or gases that may escape               safety of its installation. The FAA                      5. Not damage surrounding structure
                                             in such a way as to cause a major or                    determined that these exclusions are in               or adjacent systems, equipment, or
                                             more severe failure condition.                          the public interest because the need to               electrical wiring from corrosive fluids or
                                                While special condition no. 5                        meet all of the special conditions might              gases that may escape in such a way as
                                             addresses corrosive fluids and gases,                   otherwise deter these design changes                  to cause a major or more severe failure
                                             special condition no. 6 addresses heat.                 that improve safety.                                  condition.


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                                                                  Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 88 / Tuesday, May 9, 2017 / Rules and Regulations                                               21467

                                                6. Have provisions to prevent any                    DATES:  This AD is effective June 13,                 the issuance of a revision to the AMM
                                             hazardous effect on airplane structure or               2017.                                                 that introduced new or more restrictive
                                             systems caused by the maximum                              The Director of the Federal Register               maintenance requirements and/or
                                             amount of heat it can generate due to                   approved the incorporation by reference               airworthiness limitations. The NPRM
                                             any failure of it or its individual cells.              of a certain publication listed in this AD            proposed to require revising the
                                                7. Have a failure sensing and warning                as of June 13, 2017.                                  maintenance or inspection program, as
                                             system to alert the flightcrew if its                      The Director of the Federal Register               applicable, to incorporate new or
                                             failure affects safe operation of the                   approved the incorporation by reference               revised maintenance requirements and
                                             airplane.                                               of a certain other publication listed in              airworthiness limitations. We are
                                                8. Have a means for the flightcrew or                this AD as of March 19, 2013 (78 FR                   issuing this AD to prevent reduced
                                             maintenance personnel to determine the                  9798, February 12, 2013).                             structural integrity of the airplane.
                                             battery charge state if the battery’s                   ADDRESSES: For service information                       The European Aviation Safety Agency
                                             function is required for safe operation of              identified in this final rule, contact                (EASA), which is the Technical Agent
                                             the airplane.                                           Dassault Falcon Jet Corporation,                      for the Member States of the European
                                                Note: A battery system consists of the               Teterboro Airport, P.O. Box 2000, South               Union, has issued EASA Airworthiness
                                             battery and any protective, monitoring, and             Hackensack, NJ 07606; telephone 201–                  Directive 2016–0067, dated April 7,
                                             alerting circuitry or hardware inside or                440–6700; Internet http://                            2016 (referred to after this as the
                                             outside of the battery. It also includes vents                                                                Mandatory Continuing Airworthiness
                                             (where necessary) and packaging. For the
                                                                                                     www.dassaultfalcon.com. You may
                                                                                                     view this referenced service information              Information, or ‘‘the MCAI’’), to correct
                                             purpose of these special conditions, a
                                             ‘‘battery’’ and ‘‘battery system’’ are referred to      at the FAA, Transport Airplane                        an unsafe condition for all Dassault
                                             as a battery.                                           Directorate, 1601 Lind Avenue SW.,                    Aviation Model MYSTERE–FALCON 50
                                                                                                     Renton, WA. For information on the                    airplanes. The MCAI states:
                                               Issued in Renton, Washington, on April 24,            availability of this material at the FAA,                The airworthiness limitations and
                                             2017.                                                   call 425–227–1221. It is also available               maintenance requirements for the Mystère
                                             Michael Kaszycki,                                       on the Internet at http://                            Falcon 50 type design are included in DA
                                             Assistant Manager, Transport Airplane                   www.regulations.gov by searching for                  Mystère Falcon 50 Aircraft Maintenance
                                             Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service.            and locating Docket No. FAA–2016–                     Manual (AMM) chapter 5–40 and are
                                             [FR Doc. 2017–09320 Filed 5–8–17; 8:45 am]                                                                    approved by EASA.
                                                                                                     9569.
                                             BILLING CODE 4910–13–P
                                                                                                                                                              Failure to implement these limitations or
                                                                                                     Examining the AD Docket                               accomplish these tasks could result in an
                                                                                                                                                           unsafe condition [reduced structural integrity
                                                                                                       You may examine the AD docket on                    of the airplane]. Consequently, compliance
                                             DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION                            the Internet at http://                               with these actions has been identified as
                                                                                                     www.regulations.gov by searching for                  mandatory for continued airworthiness.
                                             Federal Aviation Administration                         and locating Docket No. FAA–2016–                        Consequently, EASA issued AD 2011–0246
                                                                                                     9569; or in person at the Docket                      [which corresponds to FAA AD 2013–03–12]
                                             14 CFR Part 39                                          Management Facility between 9 a.m.                    to require accomplishment of the
                                             [Docket No. FAA–2016–9569; Directorate                  and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday,                    maintenance tasks, and implementation of
                                             Identifier 2016–NM–052–AD; Amendment                    except Federal holidays. The AD docket                the airworthiness limitations, as specified in
                                             39–18865; AD 2017–09–03]                                                                                      DA Mystère Falcon 50 AMM chapter 5–40
                                                                                                     contains this AD, the regulatory                      Revision 21.
                                             RIN 2120–AA64                                           evaluation, any comments received, and                   Since that [EASA] AD was issued, DA
                                                                                                     other information. The street address for             issued revision 23 of the Mystere Falcon 50
                                             Airworthiness Directives; Dassault                      the Docket Office (telephone 800–647–                 AMM chapter 5–40 (hereafter referred to as
                                             Aviation Airplanes                                      5527) is Docket Management Facility,                  ‘the ALS’ in this [EASA] AD), which
                                                                                                     U.S. Department of Transportation,                    introduces new and more restrictive
                                             AGENCY:  Federal Aviation                                                                                     maintenance requirements and/or
                                                                                                     Docket Operations, M–30, West
                                             Administration (FAA), Department of                                                                           airworthiness limitations.
                                                                                                     Building Ground Floor, Room W12–140,
                                             Transportation (DOT).                                                                                            The ALS introduces, among others, the
                                                                                                     1200 New Jersey Avenue SE.,
                                             ACTION: Final rule.                                                                                           following changes:
                                                                                                     Washington, DC 20590.
                                                                                                                                                           —Addition of more detailed data regarding
                                             SUMMARY:    We are superseding                          FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Tom                     SSIP program,
                                             Airworthiness Directive (AD) 2013–03–                   Rodriguez, Aerospace Engineer,                        —Task 53–50–35–220–802 ‘‘Detailed
                                             12 for all Dassault Aviation Model                      International Branch, ANM–116,                           inspection of the frame 35 upper and lower
                                             MYSTERE–FALCON 50 airplanes. AD                         Transport Airplane Directorate, FAA,                     sections’’, replacing Task 53–50–35–220–
                                             2013–03–12 required revising the                        1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, WA                         801,
                                             maintenance program to incorporate                      98057–3356; telephone 425–227–1137;                   —Task 55–00–00–270–801 ‘‘Ultrasonic
                                             certain maintenance requirements and                    fax 425–227–1149.                                        inspection for stress corrosion in stabilizer
                                                                                                                                                              hinges’’, replacing Task 55–00–00–250–
                                             airworthiness limitations. This AD                      SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:                               801, and
                                             requires revising the maintenance or                                                                          —Task 78–31–00–250–802 ‘‘Special detailed
                                             inspection program, as applicable, to                   Discussion
                                                                                                                                                              inspection (fluorescent penetrant) of thrust
                                             incorporate new or revised maintenance                    We issued a notice of proposed                         reverser door hinge fittings’’, replacing
                                             requirements and airworthiness                          rulemaking (NPRM) to amend 14 CFR                        Task 78–31–00–250–801.
                                             limitations. This AD was prompted by                    part 39 to supersede AD 2013–03–12,                      For the reasons described above, this
                                             issuance of a revision to the airplane                  Amendment 39–17347 (78 FR 9798,
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                                                                                                                                                           [EASA] AD, retains the requirements of
                                             maintenance manual (AMM) that                           February 12, 2013) (‘‘AD 2013–03–12’’).               EASA AD 2011–0246, which is superseded,
                                             introduces new or more restrictive                      AD 2013–03–12 applied to all Dassault                 and requires the implementation of the
                                             maintenance requirements and/or                         Aviation Model MYSTERE–FALCON 50                      maintenance tasks and airworthiness
                                             airworthiness limitations. We are                       airplanes. The NPRM published in the                  limitations, as specified in the ALS.
                                             issuing this AD to address the unsafe                   Federal Register on January 6, 2017 (82                This AD requires revising the
                                             condition on these products.                            FR 1621). The NPRM was prompted by                    maintenance or inspection program, as


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Document Created: 2018-11-08 08:41:07
Document Modified: 2018-11-08 08:41:07
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionRules and Regulations
ActionFinal special conditions; request for comment.
DatesThis action is effective on Gulfstream Aerospace LP on May 9, 2017. We must receive your comments by June 23, 2017.
ContactNazih Khaouly, Airplane and Flight Crew Interface Branch, ANM-111, Transport Airplane Directorate, Aircraft Certification Service, 1601 Lind Avenue SW., Renton, Washington, 98057-3356; telephone 425-227-2432; facsimile 425-227-1149.
FR Citation82 FR 21464 
CFR AssociatedAircraft; Aviation Safety and Reporting and Record Keeping Requirements

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