82 FR 29448 - Air Plan Approval; Alabama: Infrastructure Requirements for the 2012 PM2.5
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Federal Register Volume 82, Issue 124 (June 29, 2017)
Federal Register Volume 82, Issue 124 (June 29, 2017)
| Page Range | 29448-29457 | |
| FR Document | 2017-13671 |
[Federal Register Volume 82, Number 124 (Thursday, June 29, 2017)] [Proposed Rules] [Pages 29448-29457] From the Federal Register Online [www.thefederalregister.org] [FR Doc No: 2017-13671] ======================================================================= ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 52 [EPA-R04-OAR-2016-0208; FRL-9964-10-Region 4] Air Plan Approval; Alabama: Infrastructure Requirements for the 2012 PM2.5 National Ambient Air Quality Standard AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency. ACTION: Proposed rule. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to approve portions of the December 9, 2015, State Implementation Plan (SIP) submission, submitted by the State of Alabama, through the Alabama Department of Environmental Management (ADEM), for inclusion into the Alabama SIP. This proposal pertains to the infrastructure requirements of the Clean Air Act (CAA or Act) for the 2012 annual particulate matter (PM2.5 ) national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS). The CAA requires that each state adopt and submit a SIP for the implementation, maintenance and enforcement of each NAAQS promulgated by EPA, which is commonly referred to as an ``infrastructure SIP.'' ADEM certified that the Alabama SIP contains provisions that ensure the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS is implemented, enforced, and maintained in Alabama. EPA is proposing to determine that Alabama's infrastructure SIP submission provided to EPA on December 9, 2015, satisfies certain required infrastructure elements for the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS. DATES: Written comments must be received on or before July 31, 2017. ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-R04- OAR-2016-0208 at http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the online instructions for submitting comments. Once submitted, comments cannot be edited or removed from Regulations.gov. EPA may publish any comment received to its public docket. Do not submit electronically any information you consider to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Multimedia submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be accompanied by a written comment. The written comment is considered the official comment and should include discussion of all points you wish to make. EPA will generally not consider comments or comment contents located outside of the primary submission (i.e. on the web, cloud, or other file sharing system). For additional submission methods, the full EPA public comment policy, information about CBI or multimedia submissions, and general guidance on making effective comments, please visit http://www2.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-epa-dockets. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Tiereny Bell, Air Regulatory Management Section, Air Planning and Implementation Branch, Air, Pesticides and Toxics Management Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4, 61 Forsyth Street SW., Atlanta, Georgia 30303-8960. Ms. Bell can be reached via telephone at (404) 562-9088 or via electronic mail at bell.tiereny@epa.gov. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Background and Overview On December 14, 2012 (78 FR 3086, January 15, 2013), EPA promulgated a revised primary annual PM2.5 NAAQS. The standard was strengthened from 15.0 micrograms per cubic meter ([mu]g/ m\3\) to 12.0 [mu]g/m\3\. Pursuant to section 110(a)(1) of the CAA, states are required to submit SIPs meeting the applicable requirements of section 110(a)(2) within three years after promulgation of a new or revised NAAQS or within such shorter period as EPA may prescribe. Section 110(a)(2) requires states to address basic SIP elements such as requirements for monitoring, basic program requirements and legal authority that are designed to assure attainment and maintenance of the NAAQS. States were required to submit such SIPs for the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS to EPA no later than December 14, 2015.\1\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ In these infrastructure SIP submissions States generally certify evidence of compliance with sections 110(a)(1) and (2) of the CAA through a combination of state regulations and statutes, some of which have been incorporated into the federally-approved SIP. In addition, certain federally-approved, non-SIP regulations may also be appropriate for demonstrating compliance with sections 110(a)(1) and (2). Throughout this rulemaking, unless otherwise indicated, the term ``ADEM Administrative Code (Admin. Code r).'' indicates that the cited regulation has either been approved, or submitted for approval into Alabama's federally-approved SIP. The term ``Alabama Code'' (Ala. Code) indicates cited Alabama state statutes, which are not a part of the SIP unless otherwise indicated. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- This action is proposing to approve Alabama's infrastructure SIP \2\ submission for the applicable requirements of the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS, with the exception of the interstate transport provisions pertaining to contribution to nonattainment or interference with maintenance in other states of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) (prongs 1 and 2) and visibility of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) (prong 4), and the state board requirements of section 110(a)(2)(E)(ii). With respect to the interstate transport provisions pertaining to contribution to nonattainment or interference with maintenance in other states of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) (prongs 1 and 2) and visibility of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) (prong 4), and the state board requirements of section 110(a)(2)(E)(ii), EPA will address these in separate rulemaking actions. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \2\ Alabama's 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS infrastructure SIP submission dated December 9, 2015, is referred to as ``Alabama's infrastructure SIP submission'' in this action. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- II. What elements are required under sections 110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2)? Section 110(a) of the CAA requires states to submit SIPs to provide for the implementation, maintenance, and enforcement of a new or revised NAAQS within three years following the promulgation of such NAAQS, or within such shorter period as EPA may prescribe. Section 110(a) imposes the obligation upon states to make a SIP submission to EPA for a new or revised NAAQS, but the contents of that submission may vary depending upon the facts and circumstances. In particular, the data and analytical tools available at the time the state develops and submits the SIP for a new or revised NAAQS affects the content of the submission. The contents of such SIP submissions may also vary depending upon what provisions the state's existing SIP already contains. More specifically, section 110(a)(1) provides the procedural and timing requirements for SIPs. Section 110(a)(2) lists specific elements that states must meet for infrastructure SIP requirements related to a newly established or revised NAAQS. As mentioned above, these requirements include basic SIP elements such as requirements for monitoring, basic program requirements and legal authority that are designed to assure attainment and maintenance of the NAAQS. The requirements of section 110(a)(2) are summarized below and in EPA's September 13, 2013, memorandum entitled ``Guidance on Infrastructure State Implementation [[Page 29449]] Plan (SIP) Elements under Clean Air Act Sections 110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2).\3\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \3\ Two elements identified in section 110(a)(2) are not governed by the three-year submission deadline of section 110(a)(1) because SIPs incorporating necessary local nonattainment area controls are not due within three years after promulgation of a new or revised NAAQS, but rather due at the time the nonattainment area plan requirements are due pursuant to section 172. These requirements are: (1) Submissions required by section 110(a)(2)(C) to the extent that subsection refers to a permit program as required in part D, title I of the CAA; and (2) submissions required by section 110(a)(2)(I) which pertain to the nonattainment planning requirements of part D, title I of the CAA. This proposed rulemaking does not address infrastructure elements related to section 110(a)(2)(I) or the nonattainment planning requirements of 110(a)(2)(C).110(a)(2)(A): Emission Limits and Other Control Measures 110(a)(2)(B): Ambient Air Quality Monitoring/Data System 110(a)2(C): Programs for Enforcement of Control Measures and for Construction or Modification of Stationary Sources 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) and (II): Interstate Pollution Transport 110(a)(2)(D)(ii): Interstate Pollution Abatement and International Air Pollution 110(a)(2)(E): Adequate Resources and Authority, Conflict of Interest, and Oversight of Local Governments and Regional Agencies 110(a)(2)(F): Stationary Source Monitoring and Reporting 110(a)(2)(G): Emergency Powers 110(a)(2)(H): SIP Revisions 110(a)(2)(I): Plan Revisions for Nonattainment Areas \4\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \4\ As mentioned above, this element is not relevant to this proposed rulemaking. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 110(a)(2)(J): Consultation with Government Officials, Public Notification, and Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) and Visibility Protection 110(a)(2)(K): Air Quality Modeling and Submission of Modeling Data 110(a)(2)(L): Permitting fees 110(a)(2)(M): Consultation and Participation by Affected Local Entities III. What is EPA's approach to the review of infrastructure SIP submissions? EPA is acting upon the SIP submission from Alabama that addresses the infrastructure requirements of CAA sections 110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2) for the 2012 Annual PM 2.5 NAAQS. The requirement for states to make a SIP submission of this type arises out of CAA section 110(a)(1). Pursuant to section 110(a)(1), states must make SIP submissions ``within 3 years (or such shorter period as the Administrator may prescribe) after the promulgation of a national primary ambient air quality standard (or any revision thereof),'' and these SIP submissions are to provide for the ``implementation, maintenance, and enforcement'' of such NAAQS. The statute directly imposes on states the duty to make these SIP submissions, and the requirement to make the submissions is not conditioned upon EPA's taking any action other than promulgating a new or revised NAAQS. Section 110(a)(2) includes a list of specific elements that ``[e]ach such plan'' submission must address. EPA has historically referred to these SIP submissions made for the purpose of satisfying the requirements of CAA sections 110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2) as ``infrastructure SIP'' submissions. Although the term ``infrastructure SIP'' does not appear in the CAA, EPA uses the term to distinguish this particular type of SIP submission from submissions that are intended to satisfy other SIP requirements under the CAA, such as ``nonattainment SIP'' or ``attainment plan SIP'' submissions to address the nonattainment planning requirements of part D of title I of the CAA, ``regional haze SIP'' submissions required by EPA rule to address the visibility protection requirements of CAA section 169A, and nonattainment new source review permit program submissions to address the permit requirements of CAA, title I, part D. Section 110(a)(1) addresses the timing and general requirements for infrastructure SIP submissions, and section 110(a)(2) provides more details concerning the required contents of these submissions. The list of required elements provided in section 110(a)(2) contains a wide variety of disparate provisions, some of which pertain to required legal authority, some of which pertain to required substantive program provisions, and some of which pertain to requirements for both authority and substantive program provisions.\5\ EPA therefore believes that while the timing requirement in section 110(a)(1) is unambiguous, some of the other statutory provisions are ambiguous. In particular, EPA believes that the list of required elements for infrastructure SIP submissions provided in section 110(a)(2) contains ambiguities concerning what is required for inclusion in an infrastructure SIP submission. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \5\ For example: Section 110(a)(2)(E)(i) provides that states must provide assurances that they have adequate legal authority under state and local law to carry out the SIP; section 110(a)(2)(C) provides that states must have a SIP-approved program to address certain sources as required by part C of title I of the CAA; and section 110(a)(2)(G) provides that states must have legal authority to address emergencies as well as contingency plans that are triggered in the event of such emergencies. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- The following examples of ambiguities illustrate the need for EPA to interpret some section 110(a)(1) and section 110(a)(2) requirements with respect to infrastructure SIP submissions for a given new or revised NAAQS. One example of ambiguity is that section 110(a)(2) requires that ``each'' SIP submission must meet the list of requirements therein, while EPA has long noted that this literal reading of the statute is internally inconsistent and would create a conflict with the nonattainment provisions in part D of title I of the Act, which specifically address nonattainment SIP requirements.\6\ Section 110(a)(2)(I) pertains to nonattainment SIP requirements and part D addresses when attainment plan SIP submissions to address nonattainment area requirements are due. For example, section 172(b) requires EPA to establish a schedule for submission of such plans for certain pollutants when the Administrator promulgates the designation of an area as nonattainment, and section 107(d)(1)(B) allows up to two years, or in some cases three years, for such designations to be promulgated.\7\ This ambiguity illustrates that rather than apply all the stated requirements of section 110(a)(2) in a strict literal sense, EPA must determine which provisions of section 110(a)(2) are applicable for a particular infrastructure SIP submission. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \6\ See, e.g., ``Rule To Reduce Interstate Transport of Fine Particulate Matter and Ozone (Clean Air Interstate Rule); Revisions to Acid Rain Program; Revisions to the NOX SIP Call; Final Rule,'' 70 FR 25162, at 25163-65 (May 12, 2005) (explaining relationship between timing requirement of section 110(a)(2)(D) versus section 110(a)(2)(I)). \7\ EPA notes that this ambiguity within section 110(a)(2) is heightened by the fact that various subparts of part D set specific dates for submission of certain types of SIP submissions in designated nonattainment areas for various pollutants. Note, e.g., that section 182(a)(1) provides specific dates for submission of emissions inventories for the ozone NAAQS. Some of these specific dates are necessarily later than three years after promulgation of the new or revised NAAQS. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Another example of ambiguity within sections 110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2) with respect to infrastructure SIPs pertains to whether states must meet all of the infrastructure SIP requirements in a single SIP submission, and whether EPA must act upon such SIP submission in a single action. Although section 110(a)(1) directs states to submit ``a plan'' to meet these requirements, EPA interprets the CAA to allow states to make multiple SIP submissions separately addressing infrastructure SIP elements for the same NAAQS. If states [[Page 29450]] elect to make such multiple SIP submissions to meet the infrastructure SIP requirements, EPA can elect to act on such submissions either individually or in a larger combined action.\8\ Similarly, EPA interprets the CAA to allow it to take action on the individual parts of one larger, comprehensive infrastructure SIP submission for a given NAAQS without concurrent action on the entire submission. For example, EPA has sometimes elected to act at different times on various elements and sub-elements of the same infrastructure SIP submission.\9\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \8\ See, e.g., ``Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; New Mexico; Revisions to the New Source Review (NSR) State Implementation Plan (SIP); Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) and Nonattainment New Source Review (NNSR) Permitting,'' 78 FR 4339 (January 22, 2013) (EPA's final action approving the structural PSD elements of the New Mexico SIP submitted by the State separately to meet the requirements of EPA's 2008 PM2.5 NSR rule), and ``Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; New Mexico; Infrastructure and Interstate Transport Requirements for the 2006 PM2.5 NAAQS,'' (78 FR 4337) (January 22, 2013) (EPA's final action on the infrastructure SIP for the 2006 PM2.5 NAAQS). \9\ On December 14, 2007, the State of Tennessee, through the Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, made a SIP revision to EPA demonstrating that the State meets the requirements of sections 110(a)(1) and (2). EPA proposed action for infrastructure SIP elements (C) and (J) on January 23, 2012 (77 FR 3213) and took final action on March 14, 2012 (77 FR 14976). On April 16, 2012 (77 FR 22533) and July 23, 2012 (77 FR 42997), EPA took separate proposed and final actions on all other section 110(a)(2) infrastructure SIP elements of Tennessee's December 14, 2007 submittal. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ambiguities within sections 110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2) may also arise with respect to infrastructure SIP submission requirements for different NAAQS. Thus, EPA notes that not every element of section 110(a)(2) would be relevant, or as relevant, or relevant in the same way, for each new or revised NAAQS. The states' attendant infrastructure SIP submissions for each NAAQS therefore could be different. For example, the monitoring requirements that a state might need to meet in its infrastructure SIP submission for purposes of section 110(a)(2)(B) could be very different for different pollutants because the content and scope of a state's infrastructure SIP submission to meet this element might be very different for an entirely new NAAQS than for a minor revision to an existing NAAQS.\10\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \10\ For example, implementation of the 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS required the deployment of a system of new monitors to measure ambient levels of that new indicator species for the new NAAQS. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- EPA notes that interpretation of section 110(a)(2) is also necessary when EPA reviews other types of SIP submissions required under the CAA. Therefore, as with infrastructure SIP submissions, EPA also has to identify and interpret the relevant elements of section 110(a)(2) that logically apply to these other types of SIP submissions. For example, section 172(c)(7) requires that attainment plan SIP submissions required by part D have to meet the ``applicable requirements'' of section 110(a)(2). Thus, for example, attainment plan SIP submissions must meet the requirements of section 110(a)(2)(A) regarding enforceable emission limits and control measures and section 110(a)(2)(E)(i) regarding air agency resources and authority. By contrast, it is clear that attainment plan SIP submissions required by part D would not need to meet the portion of section 110(a)(2)(C) that pertains to the PSD program required in part C of title I of the CAA, because PSD does not apply to a pollutant for which an area is designated nonattainment and thus subject to part D planning requirements. As this example illustrates, each type of SIP submission may implicate some elements of section 110(a)(2) but not others. Given the potential for ambiguity in some of the statutory language of section 110(a)(1) and section 110(a)(2), EPA believes that it is appropriate to interpret the ambiguous portions of section 110(a)(1) and section 110(a)(2) in the context of acting on a particular SIP submission. In other words, EPA assumes that Congress could not have intended that each and every SIP submission, regardless of the NAAQS in question or the history of SIP development for the relevant pollutant, would meet each of the requirements, or meet each of them in the same way. Therefore, EPA has adopted an approach under which it reviews infrastructure SIP submissions against the list of elements in section 110(a)(2), but only to the extent each element applies for that particular NAAQS. Historically, EPA has elected to use guidance documents to make recommendations to states for infrastructure SIPs, in some cases conveying needed interpretations on newly arising issues and in some cases conveying interpretations that have already been developed and applied to individual SIP submissions for particular elements.\11\ EPA most recently issued guidance for infrastructure SIPs on September 13, 2013 (2013 Guidance).\12\ EPA developed this document to provide states with up-to-date guidance for infrastructure SIPs for any new or revised NAAQS. Within this guidance, EPA describes the duty of states to make infrastructure SIP submissions to meet basic structural SIP requirements within three years of promulgation of a new or revised NAAQS. EPA also made recommendations about many specific subsections of section 110(a)(2) that are relevant in the context of infrastructure SIP submissions.\13\ The guidance also discusses the substantively important issues that are germane to certain subsections of section 110(a)(2). Significantly, EPA interprets sections 110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2) such that infrastructure SIP submissions need to address certain issues and need not address others. Accordingly, EPA reviews each infrastructure SIP submission for compliance with the applicable statutory provisions of section 110(a)(2), as appropriate. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \11\ EPA notes, however, that nothing in the CAA requires EPA to provide guidance or to promulgate regulations for infrastructure SIP submissions. The CAA directly applies to states and requires the submission of infrastructure SIP submissions, regardless of whether or not EPA provides guidance or regulations pertaining to such submissions. EPA elects to issue such guidance in order to assist states, as appropriate. \12\ ``Guidance on Infrastructure State Implementation Plan (SIP) Elements under Clean Air Act Sections 110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2),'' Memorandum from Stephen D. Page, September 13, 2013. \13\ EPA's September 13, 2013, guidance did not make recommendations with respect to infrastructure SIP submissions to address section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I). EPA issued the guidance shortly after the United States (U.S.) Supreme Court agreed to review the D.C. Circuit decision in EME Homer City, 696 F.3d7 (D.C. Cir. 2012) which had interpreted the requirements of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I). In light of the uncertainty created by ongoing litigation, EPA elected not to provide additional guidance on the requirements of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) at that time. As the guidance is neither binding nor required by statute, whether EPA elects to provide guidance on a particular section has no impact on a state's CAA obligations. On March 17, 2016, EPA released a memorandum titled, ``Information on the Interstate Transport `Good Neighbor' Provision for the 2012 Fine Particulate Matter National Ambient Air Quality Standards under Clean Air Act Section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I)'' to provide guidance to states for interstate transport requirements specific to the PM2.5 NAAQS. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- As an example, section 110(a)(2)(E)(ii) is a required element of section 110(a)(2) for infrastructure SIP submissions. Under this element, a state must meet the substantive requirements of section 128, which pertain to state boards that approve permits or enforcement orders and heads of executive agencies with similar powers. Thus, EPA reviews infrastructure SIP submissions to ensure that the state's implementation plan appropriately addresses the requirements of section 110(a)(2)(E)(ii) and section 128. The 2013 Guidance explains EPA's interpretation that there may be a variety of ways by which states can appropriately address these substantive [[Page 29451]] statutory requirements, depending on the structure of an individual state's permitting or enforcement program (e.g., whether permits and enforcement orders are approved by a multi-member board or by a head of an executive agency). However they are addressed by the state, the substantive requirements of section 128 are necessarily included in EPA's evaluation of infrastructure SIP submissions because section 110(a)(2)(E)(ii) explicitly requires that the state satisfy the provisions of section 128. As another example, EPA's review of infrastructure SIP submissions with respect to the PSD program requirements in sections 110(a)(2)(C), (D)(i)(II), and (J) focuses upon the structural PSD program requirements contained in part C and EPA's PSD regulations. Structural PSD program requirements include provisions necessary for the PSD program to address all regulated sources and new source review (NSR) pollutants, including greenhouse gases (GHGs). By contrast, structural PSD program requirements do not include provisions that are not required under EPA's regulations at 40 CFR 51.166 but are merely available as an option for the state, such as the option to provide grandfathering of complete permit applications with respect to the 2012 annual particulate matter (PM2.5 ) NAAQS. Accordingly, the latter optional provisions are types of provisions EPA considers irrelevant in the context of an infrastructure SIP action. For other section 110(a)(2) elements, however, EPA's review of a state's infrastructure SIP submission focuses on assuring that the state's implementation plan meets basic structural requirements. For example, section 110(a)(2)(C) includes, among other things, the requirement that states have a program to regulate minor new sources. Thus, EPA evaluates whether the state has an EPA-approved minor NSR program and whether the program addresses the pollutants relevant to that NAAQS. In the context of acting on an infrastructure SIP submission, however, EPA does not think it is necessary to conduct a review of each and every provision of a state's existing minor source program (i.e., already in the existing SIP) for compliance with the requirements of the CAA and EPA's regulations that pertain to such programs. With respect to certain other issues, EPA does not believe that an action on a state's infrastructure SIP submission is necessarily the appropriate type of action in which to address possible deficiencies in a state's existing SIP. These issues include: (i) Existing provisions related to excess emissions from sources during periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction that may be contrary to the CAA and EPA's policies addressing such excess emissions (``SSM''); (ii) existing provisions related to ``director's variance'' or ``director's discretion'' that may be contrary to the CAA because they purport to allow revisions to SIP-approved emissions limits while limiting public process or not requiring further approval by EPA; and (iii) existing provisions for PSD programs that may be inconsistent with current requirements of EPA's ``Final NSR Improvement Rule,'' 67 FR 80186 (December 31, 2002), as amended by 72 FR 32526 (June 13, 2007) (``NSR Reform''). Thus, EPA believes it may approve an infrastructure SIP submission without scrutinizing the totality of the existing SIP for such potentially deficient provisions and may approve the submission even if it is aware of such existing provisions.\14\ It is important to note that EPA's approval of a state's infrastructure SIP submission should not be construed as explicit or implicit re-approval of any existing potentially deficient provisions that relate to the three specific issues just described. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \14\ By contrast, EPA notes that if a state were to include a new provision in an infrastructure SIP submission that contained a legal deficiency, such as a new exemption for excess emissions during SSM events, then EPA would need to evaluate that provision for compliance against the rubric of applicable CAA requirements in the context of the action on the infrastructure SIP. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- EPA's approach to review of infrastructure SIP submissions is to identify the CAA requirements that are logically applicable to that submission. EPA believes that this approach to the review of a particular infrastructure SIP submission is appropriate, because it would not be reasonable to read the general requirements of section 110(a)(1) and the list of elements in 110(a)(2) as requiring review of each and every provision of a state's existing SIP against all requirements in the CAA and EPA regulations merely for purposes of assuring that the state in question has the basic structural elements for a functioning SIP for a new or revised NAAQS. Because SIPs have grown by accretion over the decades as statutory and regulatory requirements under the CAA have evolved, they may include some outmoded provisions and historical artifacts. These provisions, while not fully up to date, nevertheless may not pose a significant problem for the purposes of ``implementation, maintenance, and enforcement'' of a new or revised NAAQS when EPA evaluates adequacy of the infrastructure SIP submission. EPA believes that a better approach is for states and EPA to focus attention on those elements of section 110(a)(2) of the CAA most likely to warrant a specific SIP revision due to the promulgation of a new or revised NAAQS or other factors. For example, EPA's 2013 Guidance gives simpler recommendations with respect to carbon monoxide than other NAAQS pollutants to meet the visibility requirements of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II), because carbon monoxide does not affect visibility. As a result, an infrastructure SIP submission for any future new or revised NAAQS for carbon monoxide need only state this fact in order to address the visibility prong of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II). Finally, EPA believes that its approach with respect to infrastructure SIP requirements is based on a reasonable reading of sections 110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2) because the CAA provides other avenues and mechanisms to address specific substantive deficiencies in existing SIPs. These other statutory tools allow EPA to take appropriately tailored action, depending upon the nature and severity of the alleged SIP deficiency. Section 110(k)(5) authorizes EPA to issue a ``SIP call'' whenever the Agency determines that a state's implementation plan is substantially inadequate to attain or maintain the NAAQS, to mitigate interstate transport, or to otherwise comply with the CAA.\15\ Section 110(k)(6) authorizes EPA to correct errors in past actions, such as past approvals of SIP submissions.\16\ Significantly, EPA's determination that an action on a state's infrastructure SIP submission is not the appropriate time and place to address all potential existing SIP deficiencies does not preclude EPA's subsequent reliance on [[Page 29452]] provisions in section 110(a)(2) as part of the basis for action to correct those deficiencies at a later time. For example, although it may not be appropriate to require a state to eliminate all existing inappropriate director's discretion provisions in the course of acting on an infrastructure SIP submission, EPA believes that section 110(a)(2)(A) may be among the statutory bases that EPA relies upon in the course of addressing such deficiency in a subsequent action.\17\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \15\ For example, EPA issued a SIP call to Utah to address specific existing SIP deficiencies related to the treatment of excess emissions during SSM events. See ``Finding of Substantial Inadequacy of Implementation Plan; Call for Utah State Implementation Plan Revisions,'' 74 FR 21639 (April 18, 2011). \16\ EPA has used this authority to correct errors in past actions on SIP submissions related to PSD programs. See ``Limitation of Approval of Prevention of Significant Deterioration Provisions Concerning Greenhouse Gas Emitting-Sources in State Implementation Plans; Final Rule,'' 75 FR 82536 (December 30, 2010). EPA has previously used its authority under CAA section 110(k)(6) to remove numerous other SIP provisions that the Agency determined it had approved in error. See, e.g., 61 FR 38664 (July 25, 1996) and 62 FR 34641 (June 27, 1997) (corrections to American Samoa, Arizona, California, Hawaii, and Nevada SIPs); 69 FR 67062 (November 16, 2004) (corrections to California SIP); and 74 FR 57051 (November 3, 2009) (corrections to Arizona and Nevada SIPs). \17\ See, e.g., EPA's disapproval of a SIP submission from Colorado on the grounds that it would have included a director's discretion provision inconsistent with CAA requirements, including section 110(a)(2)(A). See, e.g., 75 FR 42342 at 42344 (July 21, 2010) (proposed disapproval of director's discretion provisions); 76 FR 4540 (Jan. 26, 2011) (final disapproval of such provisions). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- IV. What is EPA's analysis of how Alabama addressed the elements of the section 110(a)(1) and (2) ``infrastructure'' provisions? Alabama's infrastructure SIP submission addresses the provisions of sections 110(a)(1) and (2) as described below. 1. 110(a)(2)(A) Emission Limits and Other Control Measures: Section 110(a)(2)(A) requires that each implementation plan include enforceable emission limitations and other control measures, means, or techniques (including economic incentives such as fees, marketable permits, and auctions of emissions rights), as well as schedules and timetables for compliance, as may be necessary or appropriate to meet the applicable requirements. Several regulations within Alabama's SIP are relevant to air quality control regulations. The regulations described below have been federally approved in the Alabama SIP and include enforceable emission limitations and other control measures. ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-3-1-.03--Ambient Air Quality Standards, authorizes ADEM to adopt rules for the control of air pollution in order to comply with NAAQS, including those necessary to obtain EPA approval under section 110 of the CAA. ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-3-1-.06--Compliance Schedule, sets the schedule for compliance with the State's Air Pollution Control rules and regulations to be consistent with the requirements of the CAA. ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-3-1-.05--Sampling and Testing Methods, details the authority and means with which ADEM can require testing and emissions verification. Also, the following ADEM Administrative Code rules address this element: 335-3-14-.03(2)--Stack Heights, subparagraphs (d) and (e), 335-3-15-.02(9)--Stack Heights, subparagraphs (d) and (e), and 335-3-16-.02(10)--General Provisions, subparagraphs (d) and (e). EPA has made the preliminary determination that Alabama's SIP satisfies Section 110(a)(2)(A) for the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS in the State. In this action, EPA is not proposing to approve or disapprove any existing State provisions with regard to excess emissions during SSM of operations at a facility. EPA believes that a number of states have SSM provisions which are contrary to the CAA and existing EPA guidance, ``State Implementation Plans: Policy Regarding Excess Emissions During Malfunctions, Startup, and Shutdown'' (September 20, 1999), and the Agency is addressing such state regulations in a separate action.\18\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \18\ On June 12, 2015, EPA published a final action entitled, ``State Implementation Plans: Response to Petition for Rulemaking; Restatement and Update of EPA's SSM Policy Applicable to SIPs; Findings of Substantial Inadequacy; and SIP Calls to Amend Provisions Applying to Excess Emissions During Periods of Startup, Shutdown, and Malfunction.'' See 80 FR 33840. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Additionally, in this action, EPA is not proposing to approve or disapprove any existing State rules with regard to director's discretion or variance provisions. EPA believes that a number of states have such provisions which are contrary to the CAA and existing EPA guidance (52 FR 45109 (November 24, 1987)), and the Agency plans to take action in the future to address such state regulations. In the meantime, EPA encourages any state having a director's discretion or variance provision which is contrary to the CAA and EPA guidance to take steps to correct the deficiency as soon as possible. 2. 110(a)(2)(B) Ambient Air Quality Monitoring/Data System: Section 110(a)(2)(B) requires SIPs to provide for establishment and operation of appropriate devices, methods, systems, and procedures necessary to: (i) Monitor, compile, and analyze data on ambient air quality, and (ii) upon request, make such data available to the Administrator. ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-3-1-.04--Monitoring, Records, and Reporting, requires sources to submit emissions monitoring reports as prescribed by the Director of ADEM. Pursuant to this regulation, these sources collect air monitoring data, quality assure the results, and report the data to EPA. ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-3-1-.05--Sampling and Testing Methods, details the authority and means through which ADEM can require testing and emissions verification. ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-3-14-.04-- Air Permits Authorizing Construction in Clean Air: Prevention of Significant Deterioration Permitting (PSD), describes the State's use of ambient air quality monitoring data for purposes of permitting new facilities and assessing major modifications to existing facilities. Annually, States develop and submit to EPA for approval statewide ambient monitoring network plans consistent with the requirements of 40 CFR parts 50, 53, and 58. The annual network plan involves an evaluation of any proposed changes to the monitoring network, and includes the annual ambient monitoring network design plan and a certified evaluation of the agency's ambient monitors and auxiliary support equipment.\19\ On July 22, 2015, Alabama submitted its plan to EPA. On November 19, 2015, EPA approved Alabama's monitoring network plan. Alabama's approved monitoring network plan can be accessed at www.regulations.gov using Docket ID No. EPA-R04-OAR-2016-0208. EPA has made the preliminary determination that Alabama's SIP and practices are adequate for the ambient air quality monitoring and data system related to the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \19\ On occasion, proposed changes to the monitoring network are evaluated outside of the network plan approval process in accordance with 40 CFR part 58. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3. 110(a)(2)(C) Programs for Enforcement of Control Measures and for Construction or Modification of Stationary Sources: This element consists of three sub-elements: Enforcement, state-wide regulation of new and modified minor sources and minor modifications of major sources, and preconstruction permitting of major sources and major modifications in areas designated attainment or unclassifiable for the subject NAAQS as required by CAA title I part C (i.e., the major source PSD program). ADEM's 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS infrastructure SIP submission cited a number of SIP provisions to address these requirements. Specifically, the submission cited ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-3-14-.01--General Provisions, 335-3-14-.02,--Permit Procedure, 335- 3-14-.03--Standards for Granting Permits, 335-3-14-.04--Prevention of Significant Deterioration in Permitting and 335-3-14-.05--Air Permits Authorizing Construction in or Near Nonattainment Areas. Collectively, these provisions of Alabama's SIP cover enforcement, and permitting of new and modified major and minor sources. Enforcement: ADEM's above-described, SIP-approved regulations [[Page 29453]] provide for enforcement of PM2.5 emission limits and control measures through construction permitting for new or modified stationary sources. Note also that ADEM has authority to issue enforcement orders and assess penalties (see Ala. Code sections 22-22A-5, 22-28-10 and 22- 28-22). PSD Permitting for Major Sources: EPA interprets the PSD sub- element to require that a state's infrastructure SIP submission for a particular NAAQS demonstrate that the state has a complete PSD permitting program in place covering the structural PSD requirements for all regulated NSR pollutants. A state's PSD permitting program is complete for this sub-element (and prong 3 of D(i) and J related to PSD) if EPA has already approved or is simultaneously approving the state's implementation plan with respect to all structural PSD requirements that are due under the EPA regulations or the CAA on or before the date of the EPA's proposed action on the infrastructure SIP submission. For the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS, Alabama's authority to regulate new and modified sources to assist in the protection of air quality in Alabama is established in the Alabama Administrative Code Chapters 335-3-14-.01--General Provisions, 335-3-14-.02--Permit Procedure, 335-3-14-.03--Standards for Granting Permits, 335-3-14-.04-- Prevention of Significant Deterioration in Permitting, and 335-3- 14-.05--Air Permits Authorizing Construction in or Near Nonattainment Areas. Alabama's infrastructure SIP submission demonstrates that new major sources and major modifications in areas of the State designated attainment or unclassifiable for the specified NAAQS are subject to a federally-approved PSD permitting program meeting current structural requirements of part C of title I of the CAA to satisfy the infrastructure SIP PSD elements.\20\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \20\ For more information on the structural PSD program requirements that are relevant to EPA's review of Alabama's infrastructure SIP in connection with the current PSD-related infrastructure requirements, see the Technical Support Document in the docket for today's rulemaking. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Regulation of minor sources and modifications: Section 110(a)(2)(C) also requires the SIP to include provisions that govern the minor source program that regulates emissions of the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS. ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-3-14-.01 General Provisions, 335-3-14-.02 Permit Procedure, and 335-3-14-.03--Standards for Granting Permits govern the preconstruction permitting of modifications and construction of minor stationary sources. EPA has made the preliminary determination that Alabama's SIP is adequate for enforcement of control measures, the PSD element, and regulation of minor stationary sources and minor modifications of major stationary sources related to the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS. 4. 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) and (II) Interstate Pollution Transport: Section 110(a)(2)(D)(i) has two components: 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) and 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II). Each of these components has two subparts resulting in four distinct components, commonly referred to as ``prongs,'' that must be addressed in infrastructure SIP submissions. The first two prongs, which are codified in section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I), are provisions that prohibit any source or other type of emissions activity in one state from contributing significantly to nonattainment of the NAAQS in another state (``prong 1''), and interfering with maintenance of the NAAQS in another state (``prong 2''). The third and fourth prongs, which are codified in section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II), are provisions that prohibit emissions activity in one state from interfering with measures required to prevent significant deterioration of air quality in another state (``prong 3''), or to protect visibility in another state (``prong 4''). 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I)--prongs 1 and 2: EPA is not proposing any action in this rulemaking related to the interstate transport provisions pertaining to the contribution to nonattainment or interference with maintenance in other states of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) (prongs 1 and 2). EPA will take action on 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) (prongs 1 and 2) in a separate rulemaking. 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II)--prong 3: With regard to section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II), the PSD element, referred to as prong 3, this requirement may be met by a state's confirmation in an infrastructure SIP submission that new major sources and major modifications in the state are subject to: A PSD program meeting current structural requirements of part C of title I of the CAA, or (if the state contains a nonattainment area that has the potential to impact PSD in another state) a NNSR program. As discussed in more detail above under section 110(a)(2)(C), Alabama's SIP contains a PSD program that reflect the required structural PSD requirements to satisfy prong 3 at 335-3- 14-.04--Prevention of Significant Deterioration in Permitting and a NNSR program at 335-3-14-.05--Air Permits Authorizing Construction in or Near Nonattainment Areas. EPA has made the preliminary determination that Alabama's SIP is adequate for interstate transport for PSD permitting of major sources and major modifications related to the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS for section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) (prong 3). 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II)--prong 4: EPA is not proposing any action in this rulemaking related to the interstate transport provisions pertaining to visibility protection of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) (prong 4) and will consider these requirements in relation to Alabama's 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS infrastructure submission in a separate rulemaking. 5. 110(a)(2)(D)(ii) Interstate and International Transport Provisions: Section 110(a)(2)(D)(ii) requires SIPs to include provisions ensuring compliance with sections 115 and 126 of the Act, relating to interstate and international pollution abatement. ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-3-14-.04--Prevention of Significant Deterioration in Permitting describes how Alabama notifies neighboring states of potential emission impacts from new or modified sources applying for PSD permits. This regulation requires ADEM to provide an opportunity for a public hearing to the public, which includes state or local air pollution control agencies, ``whose lands may be affected by emissions from the source or modification.'' Additionally, Alabama does not have any pending obligation under sections 115 and 126 of the CAA. EPA has made the preliminary determination that Alabama's SIP and practices are adequate for ensuring compliance with the applicable requirements relating to interstate and international pollution abatement for the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS. 6. 110(a)(2)(E) Adequate Resources and Authority, Conflict of Interest, and Oversight of Local Governments and Regional Agencies: Section 110(a)(2)(E) requires that each implementation plan provide: (i) Necessary assurances that the state will have adequate personnel, funding, and authority under state law to carry out its implementation plan, (ii) that the state comply with the requirements respecting state boards pursuant to section 128 of the Act, and (iii) necessary assurances that, where the state has relied on a local or regional government, agency, or instrumentality for the implementation of any plan provision, the state has responsibility for ensuring adequate implementation of such plan provisions. EPA is proposing to approve Alabama's infrastructure SIP submission as meeting the requirements of sub-elements 110(a)(2)(E)(i) and (iii). With respect to sub-element 110(a)(2)(E)(ii) [[Page 29454]] (regarding state boards), EPA will address this sub-element in a separate action from today. EPA's rationale respecting each sub-element for which EPA is proposing action on today is described below. In support of EPA's proposal to approve sub-elements 110(a)(2)(E)(i) and (iii), ADEM's infrastructure submission demonstrates that it is responsible for promulgating rules and regulations for the NAAQS, emissions standards, general policies, a system of permits, fee schedules for the review of plans, and other planning needs as authorized at Ala. Code section 22-28-11 and section 22-28-9. As evidence of the adequacy of ADEM's resources with respect to sub-elements (i) and (iii), EPA submitted a letter to Alabama on April 19, 2016, outlining 105 grant commitments and current status of these commitments for fiscal year 2015. The letter EPA submitted to Alabama can be accessed at www.regulations.gov using Docket ID No. EPA- R04-OAR-2016-0208-2014-0431. Annually, states update these grant commitments based on current SIP requirements, air quality planning, and applicable requirements related to the NAAQS. There were no outstanding issues in relation to the SIP for fiscal year 2015, therefore, Alabama's grants were finalized and closed out. Alabama's funding is also met through the state's title V fee program at ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-1-7--Air Division Operating Permit Fees \21\ and ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-1-6--Application Fees.\22\ For 110(a)(2)(E)(iii), requirements dictating the roles of local or regional governments are derived from Ala. Code section 22-28-23, which do not allow local programs to be less strict than the Alabama SIP and allows for oversight from the Alabama Environmental Commission. EPA has made the preliminary determination that Alabama has adequate authority and resources for implementation of the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \21\ Title V program regulations are federally-approved but not incorporated into the federally-approved SIP. \22\ This regulation has not been incorporated into the federally-approved SIP. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 7. 110(a)(2)(F) Stationary Source Monitoring and Reporting: Section 110(a)(2)(F) requires SIPs to meet applicable requirements addressing: (i) The installation, maintenance, and replacement of equipment, and the implementation of other necessary steps, by owners or operators of stationary sources to monitor emissions from such sources, (ii) periodic reports on the nature and amounts of emissions and emissions related data from such sources, and (iii) correlation of such reports by the state agency with any emission limitations or standards established pursuant to this section, which reports shall be available at reasonable times for public inspection. ADEM's infrastructure SIP submission describes the establishment of requirements for compliance testing by emissions sampling and analysis, and for emissions and operation monitoring to ensure the quality of data in the State. The Alabama infrastructure SIP submission also describes how the major source and minor source emission inventory programs collect emission data throughout the State and ensure the quality of such data. Alabama meets these requirements through ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-3-1-.04-- Monitoring, Records, and Reporting, and 335-3-12--Continuous Monitoring Requirements for Existing Sources. ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-3-1-.04, details how sources are required as appropriate to establish and maintain records; make reports; install, use, and maintain such monitoring equipment or methods; and provide periodic emission reports as the regulation requires. Additionally, ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-3- 12-.02 requires owners and operators of emissions sources to ``install, calibrate, operate and maintain all monitoring equipment necessary for continuously monitoring the pollutants.'' \23\ ADEM Admin. Code r. 335- 3-1-.13--Credible Evidence, makes allowances for owners and/or operators to utilize ``any credible evidence or information relevant'' to demonstrate compliance with applicable requirements if the appropriate performance or compliance test had been performed, for the purpose of submitting compliance certification and can be used to establish whether or not an owner or operator has violated or is in violation of any rule or standard. Accordingly, EPA is unaware of any provision preventing the use of credible evidence in the Alabama SIP. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \23\ ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-3-12-.02 establishes that data reporting requirements for sources required to conduct continuous monitoring in the state should comply with data reporting requirements set forth at 40 CFR part 51, Appendix P. Section 40 CFR part 51, Appendix P includes that the averaging period used for data reporting should be established by the state to correspond to the averaging period specified in the emission test method used to determine compliance with an emission standard for the pollutant/ source category in question. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Additionally, Alabama is required to submit emissions data to EPA for purposes of the National Emissions Inventory (NEI). The NEI is EPA's central repository for air emissions data. EPA published the Air Emissions Reporting Rule (AERR) on December 5, 2008, which modified the requirements for collecting and reporting air emissions data (73 FR 76539). The AERR shortened the time states had to report emissions data from 17 to 12 months, giving states one calendar year to submit emissions data. All states are required to submit a comprehensive emissions inventory every three years and report emissions for certain larger sources annually through EPA's online Emissions Inventory System. States report emissions data for the six criteria pollutants and the precursors that form them--nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxides, ammonia, lead, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and volatile organic compounds. Many states also voluntarily report emissions of hazardous air pollutants. Alabama made its latest update to the 2014 NEI on July 8, 2016 and the network plan addendum on October 28, 2016. EPA compiles the emissions data, supplementing it where necessary, and releases it to the general public through the Web site https://www.epa.gov/air-emissions-inventories. EPA has made the preliminary determination that Alabama's SIP and practices are adequate for the stationary source monitoring systems related to the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS. 8. 110(a)(2)(G) Emergency Powers: This section requires that states demonstrate authority comparable with section 303 of the CAA and adequate contingency plans to implement such authority. Ala. Code sections 22-28-22, 22-28-14 and 22-28-21 grant ADEM authority to adopt regulations for the purpose of protecting human health, welfare and the environment as required by section 303 of the CAA. ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-3-2,--Air Pollution Emergency, provides for the identification of air pollution emergency episodes, episode criteria, and emissions reduction plans. Alabama's compliance with section 303 of the CAA and adequate contingency plans to implement such authority is also met by Ala. Code section 22-28-21 Air Pollution Emergencies. Ala. Code Section 22-28-21 provides ADEM the authority to order the ``person or persons responsible for the operation or operations of one or more air contaminants sources'' causing ``imminent danger to human health or safety in question to reduce or discontinue emissions immediately.'' The order triggers a hearing no later than 24-hours after issuance before the Environmental Management Commission which can affirm, modify or set aside the Director's order. [[Page 29455]] Additionally, the Governor can, by proclamation, declare, as to all or any part of said area, that an air pollution emergency exists and exercise certain powers in whole or in part, by the issuance of an order or orders to protect the public health. Under Ala. Code sections 22-28-3(a) and 22-28-10(2), ADEM also has the authority to issue such orders as may be necessary to effectuate the purposes of the Alabama Pollution Control Act, which includes achieving and maintaining such levels of air quality as will protect human health and safety and, to the greatest degree practicable, prevent injury to plant and animal life and property, foster the comfort and convenience of the people, promote the social development of this state and facilitate the enjoyment of the natural attractions of the state. EPA has made the preliminary determination that Alabama's SIP, state laws and practices are adequate to satisfy the infrastructure SIP obligations for emergency powers related to the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS. Accordingly, EPA is proposing to approve Alabama's infrastructure SIP submission with respect to section 110(a)(2)(G). 9. 110(a)(2)(H) SIP Revisions: Section 110(a)(2)(H), in summary, requires each SIP to provide for revisions of such plan: (i) As may be necessary to take account of revisions of such national primary or secondary ambient air quality standard or the availability of improved or more expeditious methods of attaining such standard, and (ii) whenever the Administrator finds that the plan is substantially inadequate to attain the NAAQS or to otherwise comply with any additional applicable requirements. As previously discussed, ADEM is responsible for adopting air quality rules and revising SIPs as needed to attain or maintain the NAAQS. Alabama has the ability and authority to respond to calls for SIP revisions, and has provided a number of SIP revisions over the years for implementation of the NAAQS. ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-1-1-.03--Organization and Duties of the Commission,\24\ provides the Alabama Environmental Management Commission with the authority to establish, adopt, promulgate, modify, repeal and suspend rules, regulations, or environmental standards which may be applicable to Alabama or ``any of its geographic parts.'' Admin. Code r. 335-3- 1-.03--Ambient Air Quality Standards, incorporates NAAQS, as amended or revised, and provides that the NAAQS apply throughout the State. EPA has made the preliminary determination that Alabama adequately demonstrates a commitment to provide future SIP revisions related to the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS when necessary. Accordingly, EPA is proposing to approve Alabama's infrastructure SIP submission with respect to section 110(a)(2)(H). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \24\ This regulation has not been incorporated into the federally-approved SIP. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10. 110(a)(2)(J) Consultation with government officials, public notification, and PSD and visibility protection: EPA is proposing to approve Alabama's infrastructure SIP for the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS with respect to the general requirement in section 110(a)(2)(J) to include a program in the SIP that complies with the applicable consultation requirements of section 121, the public notification requirements of section 127, PSD and visibility protection. EPA's rationale for each sub-element is described below. Consultation with government officials (121 consultation): Section 110(a)(2)(J) of the CAA requires states to provide a process for consultation with local governments, designated organizations and Federal Land Managers (FLMs) carrying out NAAQS implementation requirements pursuant to section 121 relative to consultation. ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-3-1-.03--Ambient Air Quality Standards, as well as its Regional Haze Implementation Plan (which allows for continued consultation with appropriate state, local, and tribal air pollution control agencies as well as the corresponding FLMs), provide for consultation with government officials whose jurisdictions might be affected by SIP development activities. In addition, Alabama adopted state-wide consultation procedures for the implementation of transportation conformity which includes the development of mobile inventories for SIP development. Required partners covered by Alabama's consultation procedures include federal, state and local transportation and air quality agency officials. EPA has made the preliminary determination that Alabama's SIP and practices adequately demonstrate consultation with government officials related to the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS when necessary. Public notification (127 public notification): ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-3-14-.01(7)--Public Participation, and 335-3-14-.05(13)--Public Participation, and Ala. Code section 22-28-21--Air Pollution Emergencies, provide for public notification when air pollution episodes occur. Furthermore, ADEM has several public notice mechanisms in place to notify the public of ozone and PM2.5 forecasting. Alabama maintains a public Web site on which daily air quality index forecasts are posted for the Birmingham, Huntsville, and Mobile areas. This Web site can be accessed at: http://adem.alabama.gov/programs/air/airquality.cnt. Accordingly, EPA is proposing to approve Alabama's infrastructure SIP submission with respect to section 110(a)(2)(J) public notification. PSD: With regard to the PSD element of section 110(a)(2)(J), this requirement is met by the state's confirmation in an infrastructure SIP submission that it has a complete PSD program meeting current structural requirements of part C of title I of the CAA. As discussed in more detail above under the section discussing 110(a)(2)(C), Alabama's SIP contains a PSD program that reflects the required structural PSD requirements to satisfy the PSD element of section 110(a)(2)(J). EPA has made the preliminary determination that Alabama's SIP is adequate for PSD permitting of major sources and major modifications related to the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS for the PSD element of section 110(a)(2)(J). Visibility protection: EPA's 2013 Guidance notes that it does not treat the visibility protection aspects of section 110(a)(2)(J) as applicable for purposes of the infrastructure SIP approval process. ADEM referenced its regional haze program as germane to the visibility component of section 110(a)(2)(J). EPA recognizes that states are subject to visibility protection and regional haze program requirements under part C of the Act (which includes sections 169A and 169B). However, there are no newly applicable visibility protection obligations after the promulgation of a new or revised NAAQS. Thus, EPA has determined that states do not need to address the visibility component of 110(a)(2)(J) in infrastructure SIP submittals so ADEM does not need to rely on its regional haze program to fulfill its obligations under section 110(a)(2)(J). As such, EPA has made the preliminary determination that Alabama's submission is approvable for the visibility protection element of section 110(a)(2)(J) and that Alabama does not need to rely on its regional haze program to address this element. 11. 110(a)(2)(K) Air Quality Modeling and Submission of Modeling Data: Section 110(a)(2)(K) of the CAA requires that SIPs provide for performing air quality modeling so that effects on air quality of emissions from NAAQS pollutants can be predicted and submission of such data to the EPA can be made. ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-3-14-.04-- Prevention of Significant [[Page 29456]] Deterioration Permitting, specifically sub-paragraph (11)--Air Quality Models, specifies that required air modeling be conducted in accordance with 40 CFR part 51, Appendix W ``Guideline on Air Quality Models''. ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-3-1-.04--Monitoring, Records, and Reporting details how sources are required as appropriate to establish and maintain records; make reports; install, use, and maintain such monitoring equipment or methods; and provide periodic emission reports as the regulation requires. These reports and records are required to be compiled, and submitted on forms furnished by the State. These regulations also demonstrate that Alabama has the authority to provide relevant data for the purpose of predicting the effect on ambient air quality of the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS. Additionally, Alabama participates in a regional effort to coordinate the development of emissions inventories and conduct regional modeling for several NAAQS, including the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS, for the southeastern states. Taken as a whole, Alabama's air quality regulations and practices demonstrate that ADEM has the authority to provide relevant data for the purpose of predicting the effect on ambient air quality of any emissions of any pollutant for which a NAAQS has been promulgated, and to provide such information to the EPA Administrator upon request. EPA has made the preliminary determination that Alabama's SIP and practices adequately demonstrate the State's ability to provide for air quality modeling, along with analysis of the associated data, related to the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS. Accordingly, EPA is proposing to approve Alabama's infrastructure SIP submission with respect to section 110(a)(2)(K). 12. 110(a)(2)(L) Permitting Fees: This section requires the owner or operator of each major stationary source to pay to the permitting authority, as a condition of any permit required under the CAA, a fee sufficient to cover (i) the reasonable costs of reviewing and acting upon any application for such a permit, and (ii) if the owner or operator receives a permit for such source, the reasonable costs of implementing and enforcing the terms and conditions of any such permit (not including any court costs or other costs associated with any enforcement action), until such fee requirement is superseded with respect to such sources by the Administrator's approval of a fee program under title V. ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-1-6--Application Fees \25\ requires ADEM to charge permit-specific fees to the applicant/ source as authorized by Ala. Code section 22-22A-5. ADEM relies on these State requirements to demonstrate that its permitting fee structure is sufficient for the reasonable cost of reviewing and acting upon PSD and NNSR permits. Additionally, Alabama has a fully-approved title V operating permit program--ADEM Admin. Code r. 335-1-7--Air Division Operating Permit Fees \26\--that covers the cost of implementation and enforcement of PSD and NNSR permits after they have been issued. EPA has made the preliminary determination that Alabama's state rules and practices adequately provide for permitting fees related to the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS, when necessary. Accordingly, EPA is proposing to approve Alabama's infrastructure SIP submission with respect to section 110(a)(2)(L). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \25\ This regulation has not been incorporated into the federally-approved SIP. \26\ Title V program regulations are federally approved but not incorporated into the federally-approved SIP. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13. 110(a)(2)(M) Consultation and Participation by Affected Local Entities: Section 110(a)(2)(M) of the Act requires states to provide for consultation and participation in SIP development by local political subdivisions affected by the SIP. ADEM coordinates with local governments affected by the SIP. ADEM Administrative Code 335-3- 17-.01--Transportation Conformity is one way that Alabama provides for consultation with affected local entities. More specifically, Alabama adopted state-wide consultation procedures for the implementation of transportation conformity which includes the development of mobile inventories for SIP development and the requirements that link transportation planning and air quality planning in nonattainment and maintenance areas. Required partners covered by Alabama's consultation procedures include federal, state and local transportation and air quality agency officials. Furthermore, ADEM has worked with the Federal Land Managers as a requirement of the regional haze rule. EPA has made the preliminary determination that Alabama's SIP and practices adequately demonstrate consultation with affected local entities related to the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS when necessary. V. Proposed Action With the exception of interstate transport provisions pertaining to contribution to nonattainment or interference with maintenance in other states of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) (prongs 1 and 2) and visibility protection requirements of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) (prong 4), and the state board requirements of section 110(a)(2)(E)(ii), EPA is proposing to approve Alabama's April 23, 2013, SIP submission for the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS for the above described infrastructure SIP requirements. The interstate transport requirements of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) (prongs 1, 2 and 4) and the state board requirements of section 110(a)(2)(E)(ii) will be addressed by EPA in other actions. VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews Under the CAA, the Administrator is required to approve a SIP submission that complies with the provisions of the Act and applicable federal regulations. See 42 U.S.C. 7410(k); 40 CFR 52.02(a). Thus, in reviewing SIP submissions, EPA's role is to approve state choices, provided that they meet the criteria of the CAA. Accordingly, this proposed action merely approves state law as meeting federal requirements and does not impose additional requirements beyond those imposed by state law. For that reason, this proposed action:Is not a significant regulatory action subject to review by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Orders 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993) and 13563 (76 FR 3821, January 21, 2011); Does not impose an information collection burden under the provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.); Is certified as not having a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.); Does not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or uniquely affect small governments, as described in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4); Does not have Federalism implications as specified in Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999); Is not an economically significant regulatory action based on health or safety risks subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 19885, April 23, 1997); Is not a significant regulatory action subject to Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001); Is not subject to requirements of section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 note) because application of those requirements would be inconsistent with the CAA; and [[Page 29457]] Does not provide EPA with the discretionary authority to address, as appropriate, disproportionate human health or environmental effects, using practicable and legally permissible methods, under Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994). In addition, the SIP is not approved to apply on any Indian reservation land or in any other area where EPA or an Indian tribe has demonstrated that a tribe has jurisdiction. In those areas of Indian country, the rule does not have tribal implications as specified by Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000), nor will it impose substantial direct costs on tribal governments or preempt tribal law. List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52 Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental relations, Particulate matter, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, Volatile organic compounds. Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq. Dated: June 14, 2017. V. Anne Heard, Acting Regional Administrator, Region 4. [FR Doc. 2017-13671 Filed 6-28-17; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
![29448 Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 124 / Thursday, June 29, 2017 / Proposed Rules
Issued in Kansas City, Missouri, on June whose disclosure is restricted by statute. This action is proposing to approve
21, 2017. Multimedia submissions (audio, video, Alabama’s infrastructure SIP 2
Pat Mullen, etc.) must be accompanied by a written submission for the applicable
Acting Manager, Small Airplane Directorate, comment. The written comment is requirements of the 2012 Annual PM2.5
Aircraft Certification Service. considered the official comment and NAAQS, with the exception of the
[FR Doc. 2017–13498 Filed 6–28–17; 8:45 am] should include discussion of all points interstate transport provisions
BILLING CODE 4910–13–P you wish to make. EPA will generally pertaining to contribution to
not consider comments or comment nonattainment or interference with
contents located outside of the primary maintenance in other states of section
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION submission (i.e. on the web, cloud, or 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) (prongs 1 and 2) and
AGENCY other file sharing system). For visibility of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II)
additional submission methods, the full (prong 4), and the state board
40 CFR Part 52 EPA public comment policy, requirements of section 110(a)(2)(E)(ii).
information about CBI or multimedia With respect to the interstate transport
[EPA–R04–OAR–2016–0208; FRL–9964–10–
submissions, and general guidance on provisions pertaining to contribution to
Region 4]
making effective comments, please visit nonattainment or interference with
Air Plan Approval; Alabama: http://www2.epa.gov/dockets/ maintenance in other states of section
Infrastructure Requirements for the commenting-epa-dockets. 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) (prongs 1 and 2) and
2012 PM2.5 National Ambient Air FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: visibility of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II)
Quality Standard Tiereny Bell, Air Regulatory (prong 4), and the state board
Management Section, Air Planning and requirements of section 110(a)(2)(E)(ii),
AGENCY: Environmental Protection Implementation Branch, Air, Pesticides EPA will address these in separate
Agency. and Toxics Management Division, U.S. rulemaking actions.
ACTION: Proposed rule. Environmental Protection Agency,
Region 4, 61 Forsyth Street SW., II. What elements are required under
SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Atlanta, Georgia 30303–8960. Ms. Bell sections 110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2)?
Agency (EPA) is proposing to approve can be reached via telephone at (404) Section 110(a) of the CAA requires
portions of the December 9, 2015, State 562–9088 or via electronic mail at states to submit SIPs to provide for the
Implementation Plan (SIP) submission, bell.tiereny@epa.gov. implementation, maintenance, and
submitted by the State of Alabama, SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: enforcement of a new or revised
through the Alabama Department of NAAQS within three years following
Environmental Management (ADEM), I. Background and Overview the promulgation of such NAAQS, or
for inclusion into the Alabama SIP. This On December 14, 2012 (78 FR 3086, within such shorter period as EPA may
proposal pertains to the infrastructure January 15, 2013), EPA promulgated a prescribe. Section 110(a) imposes the
requirements of the Clean Air Act (CAA revised primary annual PM2.5 NAAQS. obligation upon states to make a SIP
or Act) for the 2012 annual particulate The standard was strengthened from submission to EPA for a new or revised
matter (PM2.5) national ambient air 15.0 micrograms per cubic meter (mg/ NAAQS, but the contents of that
quality standard (NAAQS). The CAA m3) to 12.0 mg/m3. Pursuant to section submission may vary depending upon
requires that each state adopt and 110(a)(1) of the CAA, states are required the facts and circumstances. In
submit a SIP for the implementation, to submit SIPs meeting the applicable particular, the data and analytical tools
maintenance and enforcement of each requirements of section 110(a)(2) within available at the time the state develops
NAAQS promulgated by EPA, which is three years after promulgation of a new and submits the SIP for a new or revised
commonly referred to as an or revised NAAQS or within such NAAQS affects the content of the
‘‘infrastructure SIP.’’ ADEM certified shorter period as EPA may prescribe. submission. The contents of such SIP
that the Alabama SIP contains Section 110(a)(2) requires states to submissions may also vary depending
provisions that ensure the 2012 Annual address basic SIP elements such as upon what provisions the state’s
PM2.5 NAAQS is implemented, requirements for monitoring, basic existing SIP already contains.
enforced, and maintained in Alabama. program requirements and legal More specifically, section 110(a)(1)
EPA is proposing to determine that authority that are designed to assure provides the procedural and timing
Alabama’s infrastructure SIP submission attainment and maintenance of the requirements for SIPs. Section 110(a)(2)
provided to EPA on December 9, 2015, NAAQS. States were required to submit lists specific elements that states must
satisfies certain required infrastructure such SIPs for the 2012 Annual PM2.5 meet for infrastructure SIP requirements
elements for the 2012 Annual PM2.5 NAAQS to EPA no later than December related to a newly established or revised
NAAQS. 14, 2015.1 NAAQS. As mentioned above, these
DATES: Written comments must be 1 In these infrastructure SIP submissions States
requirements include basic SIP elements
received on or before July 31, 2017. generally certify evidence of compliance with
such as requirements for monitoring,
ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, sections 110(a)(1) and (2) of the CAA through a basic program requirements and legal
identified by Docket ID No. EPA–R04– combination of state regulations and statutes, some authority that are designed to assure
of which have been incorporated into the federally- attainment and maintenance of the
OAR–2016–0208 at http:// approved SIP. In addition, certain federally-
www.regulations.gov. Follow the online NAAQS. The requirements of section
sradovich on DSK3GMQ082PROD with PROPOSALS
approved, non-SIP regulations may also be
instructions for submitting comments. appropriate for demonstrating compliance with 110(a)(2) are summarized below and in
Once submitted, comments cannot be sections 110(a)(1) and (2). Throughout this EPA’s September 13, 2013,
rulemaking, unless otherwise indicated, the term memorandum entitled ‘‘Guidance on
edited or removed from Regulations.gov. ‘‘ADEM Administrative Code (Admin. Code r).’’
EPA may publish any comment received indicates that the cited regulation has either been Infrastructure State Implementation
to its public docket. Do not submit approved, or submitted for approval into Alabama’s
2 Alabama’s 2012 Annual PM
federally-approved SIP. The term ‘‘Alabama Code’’ 2.5 NAAQS
electronically any information you (Ala. Code) indicates cited Alabama state statutes, infrastructure SIP submission dated December 9,
consider to be Confidential Business which are not a part of the SIP unless otherwise 2015, is referred to as ‘‘Alabama’s infrastructure SIP
Information (CBI) or other information indicated. submission’’ in this action.
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Plan (SIP) Elements under Clean Air Act Administrator may prescribe) after the concerning what is required for
Sections 110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2).3 promulgation of a national primary inclusion in an infrastructure SIP
• 110(a)(2)(A): Emission Limits and ambient air quality standard (or any submission.
Other Control Measures revision thereof),’’ and these SIP The following examples of
• 110(a)(2)(B): Ambient Air Quality submissions are to provide for the ambiguities illustrate the need for EPA
Monitoring/Data System ‘‘implementation, maintenance, and to interpret some section 110(a)(1) and
• 110(a)2(C): Programs for Enforcement enforcement’’ of such NAAQS. The section 110(a)(2) requirements with
of Control Measures and for statute directly imposes on states the respect to infrastructure SIP
Construction or Modification of duty to make these SIP submissions, submissions for a given new or revised
Stationary Sources and the requirement to make the NAAQS. One example of ambiguity is
• 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) and (II): Interstate submissions is not conditioned upon that section 110(a)(2) requires that
Pollution Transport EPA’s taking any action other than ‘‘each’’ SIP submission must meet the
• 110(a)(2)(D)(ii): Interstate Pollution promulgating a new or revised NAAQS. list of requirements therein, while EPA
Abatement and International Air Section 110(a)(2) includes a list of has long noted that this literal reading
Pollution specific elements that ‘‘[e]ach such of the statute is internally inconsistent
• 110(a)(2)(E): Adequate Resources and plan’’ submission must address. and would create a conflict with the
Authority, Conflict of Interest, and EPA has historically referred to these nonattainment provisions in part D of
Oversight of Local Governments and SIP submissions made for the purpose title I of the Act, which specifically
Regional Agencies of satisfying the requirements of CAA address nonattainment SIP
• 110(a)(2)(F): Stationary Source sections 110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2) as requirements.6 Section 110(a)(2)(I)
Monitoring and Reporting ‘‘infrastructure SIP’’ submissions. pertains to nonattainment SIP
• 110(a)(2)(G): Emergency Powers Although the term ‘‘infrastructure SIP’’ requirements and part D addresses
• 110(a)(2)(H): SIP Revisions does not appear in the CAA, EPA uses when attainment plan SIP submissions
• 110(a)(2)(I): Plan Revisions for the term to distinguish this particular to address nonattainment area
Nonattainment Areas 4 type of SIP submission from requirements are due. For example,
• 110(a)(2)(J): Consultation with submissions that are intended to satisfy section 172(b) requires EPA to establish
Government Officials, Public other SIP requirements under the CAA, a schedule for submission of such plans
Notification, and Prevention of such as ‘‘nonattainment SIP’’ or for certain pollutants when the
Significant Deterioration (PSD) and ‘‘attainment plan SIP’’ submissions to Administrator promulgates the
address the nonattainment planning designation of an area as nonattainment,
Visibility Protection
requirements of part D of title I of the and section 107(d)(1)(B) allows up to
• 110(a)(2)(K): Air Quality Modeling
CAA, ‘‘regional haze SIP’’ submissions two years, or in some cases three years,
and Submission of Modeling Data
required by EPA rule to address the for such designations to be
• 110(a)(2)(L): Permitting fees
visibility protection requirements of promulgated.7 This ambiguity illustrates
• 110(a)(2)(M): Consultation and
CAA section 169A, and nonattainment that rather than apply all the stated
Participation by Affected Local
new source review permit program requirements of section 110(a)(2) in a
Entities
submissions to address the permit strict literal sense, EPA must determine
III. What is EPA’s approach to the requirements of CAA, title I, part D. which provisions of section 110(a)(2)
review of infrastructure SIP Section 110(a)(1) addresses the timing are applicable for a particular
submissions? and general requirements for infrastructure SIP submission.
infrastructure SIP submissions, and Another example of ambiguity within
EPA is acting upon the SIP
section 110(a)(2) provides more details sections 110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2) with
submission from Alabama that
concerning the required contents of respect to infrastructure SIPs pertains to
addresses the infrastructure
these submissions. The list of required whether states must meet all of the
requirements of CAA sections 110(a)(1)
elements provided in section 110(a)(2) infrastructure SIP requirements in a
and 110(a)(2) for the 2012 Annual PM2.5
contains a wide variety of disparate single SIP submission, and whether EPA
NAAQS. The requirement for states to provisions, some of which pertain to must act upon such SIP submission in
make a SIP submission of this type required legal authority, some of which a single action. Although section
arises out of CAA section 110(a)(1). pertain to required substantive program 110(a)(1) directs states to submit ‘‘a
Pursuant to section 110(a)(1), states provisions, and some of which pertain plan’’ to meet these requirements, EPA
must make SIP submissions ‘‘within 3 to requirements for both authority and interprets the CAA to allow states to
years (or such shorter period as the substantive program provisions.5 EPA make multiple SIP submissions
3 Two elements identified in section 110(a)(2) are
therefore believes that while the timing separately addressing infrastructure SIP
not governed by the three-year submission deadline
requirement in section 110(a)(1) is elements for the same NAAQS. If states
of section 110(a)(1) because SIPs incorporating unambiguous, some of the other
necessary local nonattainment area controls are not statutory provisions are ambiguous. In 6 See, e.g., ‘‘Rule To Reduce Interstate Transport
due within three years after promulgation of a new particular, EPA believes that the list of of Fine Particulate Matter and Ozone (Clean Air
or revised NAAQS, but rather due at the time the Interstate Rule); Revisions to Acid Rain Program;
nonattainment area plan requirements are due
required elements for infrastructure SIP Revisions to the NOX SIP Call; Final Rule,’’ 70 FR
pursuant to section 172. These requirements are: (1) submissions provided in section 25162, at 25163–65 (May 12, 2005) (explaining
Submissions required by section 110(a)(2)(C) to the 110(a)(2) contains ambiguities relationship between timing requirement of section
extent that subsection refers to a permit program as 110(a)(2)(D) versus section 110(a)(2)(I)).
sradovich on DSK3GMQ082PROD with PROPOSALS
required in part D, title I of the CAA; and (2) 5 For example: Section 110(a)(2)(E)(i) provides 7 EPA notes that this ambiguity within section
submissions required by section 110(a)(2)(I) which that states must provide assurances that they have 110(a)(2) is heightened by the fact that various
pertain to the nonattainment planning requirements adequate legal authority under state and local law subparts of part D set specific dates for submission
of part D, title I of the CAA. This proposed to carry out the SIP; section 110(a)(2)(C) provides of certain types of SIP submissions in designated
rulemaking does not address infrastructure that states must have a SIP-approved program to nonattainment areas for various pollutants. Note,
elements related to section 110(a)(2)(I) or the address certain sources as required by part C of title e.g., that section 182(a)(1) provides specific dates
nonattainment planning requirements of I of the CAA; and section 110(a)(2)(G) provides that for submission of emissions inventories for the
110(a)(2)(C). states must have legal authority to address ozone NAAQS. Some of these specific dates are
4 As mentioned above, this element is not emergencies as well as contingency plans that are necessarily later than three years after promulgation
relevant to this proposed rulemaking. triggered in the event of such emergencies. of the new or revised NAAQS.
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![Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 124 / Thursday, June 29, 2017 / Proposed Rules 29457
• Does not provide EPA with the DATES: Written comments must be • Identify the rulemaking by docket
discretionary authority to address, as received on or before July 31, 2017. number and other identifying
appropriate, disproportionate human ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, information (subject heading, Federal
health or environmental effects, using identified by Docket ID No. EPA–R08– Register volume, date, and page
practicable and legally permissible OAR–2013–0558 at number);
methods, under Executive Order 12898 www.regulations.gov. Follow the online • Follow directions and organize your
(59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994). instructions for submitting comments. comments;
In addition, the SIP is not approved Once submitted, comments cannot be • Explain why you agree or disagree;
to apply on any Indian reservation land edited or removed from • Suggest alternatives and substitute
or in any other area where EPA or an www.regulations.gov. The EPA may language for your requested changes;
Indian tribe has demonstrated that a publish any comment received to its • Describe any assumptions and
tribe has jurisdiction. In those areas of public docket. Do not submit provide any technical information and/
Indian country, the rule does not have electronically any information you or data that you used;
tribal implications as specified by consider to be Confidential Business • If you estimate potential costs or
Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, Information (CBI) or other information burdens, explain how you arrived at
November 9, 2000), nor will it impose whose disclosure is restricted by statute. your estimate in sufficient detail to
substantial direct costs on tribal Multimedia submissions (audio, video, allow for it to be reproduced;
governments or preempt tribal law. etc.) must be accompanied by a written • Provide specific examples to
comment. The written comment is illustrate your concerns, and suggest
List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52 considered the official comment and alternatives;
Environmental protection, Air should include discussion of all points • Explain your views as clearly as
pollution control, Incorporation by you wish to make. The EPA will possible, avoiding the use of profanity
reference, Intergovernmental relations, generally not consider comments or or personal threats; and,
• Make sure to submit your
Particulate matter, Reporting and comment contents located outside of the
comments by the comment period
recordkeeping requirements, Volatile primary submission (i.e., on the web,
cloud, or other file sharing system). For deadline identified.
organic compounds.
Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq. additional submission methods, the full II. Background
EPA public comment policy, On June 2, 2010, the EPA
Dated: June 14, 2017. information about CBI or multimedia
V. Anne Heard, promulgated a new NAAQS for SO2,
submissions, and general guidance on establishing a new one-hour SO2
Acting Regional Administrator, Region 4. making effective comments, please visit standard at a level of 75 parts per billion
[FR Doc. 2017–13671 Filed 6–28–17; 8:45 am] http://www2.epa.gov/dockets/ (ppb) based on the three-year average of
BILLING CODE 6560–50–P commenting-epa-dockets.
the 99th percentile of 1-hour daily
FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Kate maximum concentrations. Additionally,
Gregory, Air Program, U.S. the EPA revoked both the existing 24-
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Environmental Protection Agency hour and annual primary SO2 standards
AGENCY (EPA), Region 8, Mail Code 8P–AR, (75 FR 35520, June 22, 2010).
1595 Wynkoop Street, Denver, Colorado Subsequently, on January 15, 2013, the
40 CFR Part 52 80202–1129, (303) 312–6175, EPA promulgated a new NAAQS for
[EPA–R08–OAR–2013–0558; FRL–9964–30– gregory.kate@epa.gov. PM2.5, revising the annual PM2.5 NAAQS
Region 8] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: by lowering the level to 12.0
Promulgation of State Implementation I. General Information micrograms per cubic meter (mg/m3).
Plan Revisions; Infrastructure Additionally, the EPA retained the 24-
What should I consider as I prepare my hour PM2.5 standard at a level of 35
Requirements for the 2010 SO2 and comments for the EPA?
2012 PM2.5 National Ambient Air mg/m3 and is revising the Air Quality
Quality Standards; North Dakota 1. Submitting Confidential Business Index (AQI) for PM2.5 to be consistent
Information (CBI). Do not submit CBI to with the revised primary PM2.5
AGENCY: Environmental Protection the EPA through www.regulations.gov or standards (78 FR 3086, January 15,
Agency. email. Clearly mark the part or all of the 2013).
ACTION: Proposed rule. information that you claim to be CBI. Under sections 110(a)(1) and (2) of the
For CBI information on a disk or CD– CAA, states are required to submit
SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection ROM that you mail to the EPA, mark the infrastructure SIPs to ensure their SIPs
Agency (EPA) is proposing to approve outside of the disk or CD–ROM as CBI provide for implementation,
elements of State Implementation Plan and then identify electronically within maintenance and enforcement of the
(SIP) revisions from the State of North the disk or CD–ROM the specific NAAQS. These submissions must
Dakota to demonstrate the State meets information that is claimed as CBI. In contain any revisions needed for
infrastructure requirements of the Clean addition to one complete version of the meeting the applicable SIP requirements
Air Act (Act or CAA) for the National comment that includes information of section 110(a)(2), or certifications that
Ambient Air Quality Standards claimed as CBI, a copy of the comment their existing SIPs for PM2.5, ozone, Pb,
(NAAQS) promulgated for sulfur that does not contain the information NO2, and SO2 already meet those
sradovich on DSK3GMQ082PROD with PROPOSALS
dioxide (SO2) on June 2, 2010 (40 CFR claimed as CBI must be submitted for requirements. The EPA highlighted this
50.17) and fine particulate matter inclusion in the public docket. statutory requirement in an October 2,
(PM2.5) on January 15, 2013 (78 FR Information so marked will not be 2007, guidance document entitled
3086). Section 110(a) of the CAA disclosed except in accordance with ‘‘Guidance on SIP Elements Required
requires that each state submit a SIP for procedures set forth in 40 CFR part 2. Under Sections 110(a)(1) and (2) for the
the implementation, maintenance and 2. Tips for preparing your comments. 1997 8-hour Ozone and PM2.5 National
enforcement of each NAAQS When submitting comments, remember Ambient Air Quality Standards’’ (2007
promulgated by the EPA. to: Memo). On September 25, 2009, the
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Document Created: 2018-11-14 10:17:06
Document Modified: 2018-11-14 10:17:06
| Category | Regulatory Information | |
| Collection | Federal Register | |
| sudoc Class | AE 2.7: GS 4.107: AE 2.106: | |
| Publisher | Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration | |
| Section | Proposed Rules | |
| Action | Proposed rule. | |
| Dates | Written comments must be received on or before July 31, 2017. | |
| Contact | Tiereny Bell, Air Regulatory Management Section, Air Planning and Implementation Branch, Air, Pesticides and Toxics Management Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4, 61 Forsyth Street SW., Atlanta, Georgia 30303-8960. Ms. Bell can be reached via telephone at (404) 562-9088 or via electronic mail at [email protected] | |
| FR Citation | 82 FR 29448 | |
| CFR Associated | Environmental Protection; Air Pollution Control; Incorporation by Reference; Intergovernmental Relations; Particulate Matter; Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements and Volatile Organic Compounds |
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