82_FR_45624 82 FR 45436 - Schedules of Controlled Substances: Removal of Naldemedine From Control

82 FR 45436 - Schedules of Controlled Substances: Removal of Naldemedine From Control

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
Drug Enforcement Administration

Federal Register Volume 82, Issue 188 (September 29, 2017)

Page Range45436-45438
FR Document2017-20919

With the issuance of this final rule, the Drug Enforcement Administration removes the substance naldemedine (4R,4aS,7aR,12bS)-3- (cyclopropylmethyl)-4a,7,9-trihydroxy-N-(2-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5- yl)propan-2-yl)-2,3,4,4a,5,7a-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2- e]isoquinoline-6-carboxamide) including its salts from the schedules of the Controlled Substances Act. Prior to the effective date of this rule, naldemedine was a schedule II controlled substance because it can be derived from opium alkaloids. This action removes the regulatory controls and administrative, civil, and criminal sanctions applicable to controlled substances, including those specific to schedule II controlled substances, on persons who handle (manufacture, distribute, reverse distribute, dispense, conduct research, import, export, or conduct chemical analysis) or propose to handle naldemedine.

Federal Register, Volume 82 Issue 188 (Friday, September 29, 2017)
[Federal Register Volume 82, Number 188 (Friday, September 29, 2017)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 45436-45438]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2017-20919]


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DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE

Drug Enforcement Administration

21 CFR Part 1308

[Docket No. DEA-468]


Schedules of Controlled Substances: Removal of Naldemedine From 
Control

AGENCY: Drug Enforcement Administration, Department of Justice.

ACTION: Final rule.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: With the issuance of this final rule, the Drug Enforcement 
Administration removes the substance naldemedine (4R,4aS,7aR,12bS)-3-
(cyclopropylmethyl)-4a,7,9-trihydroxy-N-(2-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-
yl)propan-2-yl)-2,3,4,4a,5,7a-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-
e]isoquinoline-6-carboxamide) including its salts from the schedules of 
the Controlled Substances Act. Prior to the effective date of this 
rule, naldemedine was a schedule II controlled substance because it can 
be derived from opium alkaloids. This action removes the regulatory 
controls and administrative, civil, and criminal sanctions applicable 
to controlled substances, including those specific to schedule II 
controlled substances, on persons who handle (manufacture, distribute, 
reverse distribute, dispense, conduct research, import, export, or 
conduct chemical analysis) or propose to handle naldemedine.

DATES: The effective date of this rule is September 29, 2017.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Michael J. Lewis, Diversion Control 
Division, Drug Enforcement Administration; Mailing Address: 8701 
Morrissette Drive, Springfield, Virginia 22152; Telephone: (202) 598-
6812.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Legal Authority

    Pursuant to 21 U.S.C. 811(a)(2), the Attorney General may, by rule, 
``remove any drug or other substance from the schedules if he finds 
that the drug or other substance does not meet the requirements for 
inclusion in any schedule.'' The Attorney General has delegated 
scheduling authority under 21 U.S.C. 811 to the Administrator of the 
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). 28 CFR 0.100.
    The Controlled Substances Act (CSA) provides that proceedings for 
the issuance, amendment, or repeal of the scheduling of any drug or 
other substance may be initiated by the Attorney General (1) on his own 
motion, (2) at the request of the Secretary of the Department of Health 
and Human Services (HHS) \1\, or (3) on the petition of any interested 
party. 21 U.S.C. 811(a). This action was initiated at the request of 
the Acting Assistant Secretary for Health of the HHS and by a petition 
by the drug sponsor to DEA to remove naldemedine from the list of 
scheduled controlled substances of the CSA, and is supported by, inter 
alia, a recommendation from the Assistant Secretary of the HHS and an 
evaluation of all relevant data by the DEA. This action removes the 
regulatory controls and administrative, civil, and criminal sanctions 
applicable to controlled substances, including those specific to 
schedule II controlled substances, on persons who handle or propose to 
handle naldemedine.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ As set forth in a memorandum of understanding entered into 
by the HHS, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the National 
Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the FDA acts as the lead agency 
within the HHS in carrying out the Secretary's scheduling 
responsibilities under the CSA, with the concurrence of the NIDA. 50 
FR 9518, Mar. 8, 1985. The Secretary of the HHS has delegated to the 
Assistant Secretary for Health of the HHS the authority to make 
domestic drug scheduling recommendations. 58 FR 35460, July 1, 1993.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Background

    Naldemedine, known chemically as (4R,4aS,7aR,12bS)-3-
(cyclopropylmethyl)-4a,7,9-trihydroxy-N-(2-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-
yl)propan-2-yl)-2,3,4,4a,5,7a-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-
e]isoquinoline-6-carboxamide, is an opium alkaloid derivative. 
Naldemedine is a high-affinity antagonist at the mu, kappa, and delta 
opioid receptors. On March 23, 2016, a new drug application (NDA) was 
submitted by Shionogi Inc. (Sponsor) to the Food and Drug 
Administration (FDA) for approval of naldemedine for the treatment of 
opioid induced constipation in patients with chronic non-cancer pain. 
The FDA approved naldemedine for marketing on March 23, 2017, under the 
trade name Symproic[supreg] (0.2 mg tablets).\2\ Naldemedine is 
indicated for the treatment of opioid-induced constipation (OIC) in 
adults with chronic non-cancer pain. Opioid-induced constipation is 
caused by an activation of mu-opioid receptors in the gastrointestinal 
tract. Naldemedine, a peripheral acting mu-opioid antagonist, can 
prevent OIC.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \2\ http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/appletter/2017/208854Orig1s000ltr.pdf (last accessed 04/13/2017).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

DEA and HHS Eight Factor Analyses

    On June 8, 2016, the DEA received a petition from the drug sponsor 
requesting that the DEA amend 21 CFR 1308.12(b)(1) to exclude 
naldemedine as a schedule II substance from the Controlled Substances 
Act (CSA). The petitioner stated that naldemedine is a potent 
peripherally acting mu-opioid receptor antagonist. In accordance with 
21 CFR 1308.43(c), the DEA accepted the petition for filing on August 
5, 2016.
    On March 22, 2017, the HHS provided the DEA with a scientific and 
medical evaluation document prepared by the FDA entitled ``Basis for 
the Recommendation to Decontrol Naldemedine and its Salts from the 
Controlled Substances Act.'' After considering the eight factors in 21 
U.S.C. 811(c), including consideration of the substance's abuse 
potential, legitimate medical use, and dependence liability, the 
Assistant Secretary of the HHS recommended that naldemedine

[[Page 45437]]

and its salts be removed from schedule II of the CSA. In response, the 
DEA conducted its own eight factor analysis of naldemedine pursuant to 
21 U.S.C. 811(c). Both the DEA and HHS analyses are available in their 
entirety in the public docket of this rule (Docket Number DEA-468) at 
http://www.regulations.gov under ``Supporting and Related Material.''

Determination To Decontrol Naldemedine

    After a review of the available data, including the scientific and 
medical evaluation and the recommendation to decontrol naldemedine from 
HHS, the DEA published in the Federal Register a notice of proposed 
rulemaking (NPRM) entitled ``Schedules of Controlled Substances: 
Removal of Naldemedine from Control'' which proposed removal of 
naldemedine including its salts from the schedules of the CSA. 82 FR 
32153, July 12, 2017. The proposed rule provided an opportunity for 
interested persons to file a request for a hearing in accordance with 
DEA regulations by August 11, 2017. No requests for such a hearing were 
received by the DEA. The NPRM also provided an opportunity for 
interested persons to submit written comments on the proposal on or 
before August 11, 2017.

Comments Received

    The DEA received six comments on the proposed rule to remove 
naldemedine from control. Five commenters supported the decontrol of 
naldemedine. One commenter submitted a comment not related to the 
proposed decontrol action.

Support

    One commenter stated that naldemedine does not induce euphoria 
therefore limiting its potential for abuse. Another commenter stated 
that naldemedine can help alleviate constipation which will reduce the 
amount of time a patient is absent from work or the need for placement 
on disability. Further, another commenter stated that since naldemedine 
is a naltrexone derivative, it should be unscheduled.
    One commenter stated that senators and representatives should 
support the removal of naldemedine to allow for safe and efficacious 
use of the drug due to its lack of abuse potential in clinical use. 
This commenter further suggested that naldemedine be made available to 
the public without the need for a prescription to treat individuals 
overdosed on opioids.
    DEA Response: The DEA appreciates the comments in support of this 
rulemaking. The comment about making naldemedine available without 
prescription does not relate to the factors determinative of control of 
a substance (21 U.S.C. 811(c)) or the criteria for placement of a 
substance in a particular schedule (21 U.S.C. 812(b)).

Unrelated Comment

    A commenter expressed concerns about reports on ``opioid epidemic'' 
without consideration of the need for opioids by chronic pain patients. 
This commenter felt ``patients are being denied, dismissed and 
overlooked by our drs (sic) due to all the scrutiny associated with 
treating chronic pain disease.''
    DEA Response: Because naldemedine is not an opioid analgesic, this 
comment about the use of opioid analgesic in the management of pain is 
unrelated to the current decontrol action. Further it does not relate 
to the factors determinative of control of a substance (21 U.S.C. 
811(c)) or the criteria for placement of a substance in a particular 
schedule (21 U.S.C. 812(b)).

Request for Immediate Effective Date

    The drug sponsor (Shionogi Inc.) requested that the effective date 
of this decontrol action correspond to the date of publication of the 
Final Rule.
    DEA Response: Generally, DEA scheduling actions are effective 30 
days from the date of publication of the final rule in the Federal 
Register. 21 CFR 1308.45; see also 5 U.S.C. 553(d). In accordance with 
21 CFR 1308.45, the DEA finds that the limited availability of 
effective therapeutic treatments for opioid induced constipation (OIC), 
coupled with the fact that this is an action for decontrol, supports 
the finding that conditions of public health require this action to be 
effective immediately upon publication in the Federal Register. Due to 
adverse side effects, the majority of treatment alternatives currently 
available for OIC have restricted clinical application. By comparison, 
in clinical studies, naldemedine was well tolerated and exhibited a 
good safety profile in patients with opioid-induced bowel dysfunction.
    In making the determination to make this rule effective 
immediately, the DEA took into consideration the effects of immediate 
implementation. The DEA agrees that making this rule immediately 
effective is in the best interest of the public health and will not 
burden registrants, the healthcare system or law enforcement. The DEA 
notes that its decision to make this rule effective immediately aligns 
with the exceptions to the 30-day effective date requirement of the 
Administrative Procedure Act (APA). One of the APA's exceptions to the 
30-day effective date is for a substantive rule granting or recognizing 
an exemption or which relieves a restriction. 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(1).

Scheduling Conclusion

    Based on the consideration of all comments, the scientific and 
medical evaluation and accompanying recommendation of the HHS, and 
based on the DEA's consideration of its own eight-factor analysis, the 
Administrator finds that these facts and all relevant data demonstrate 
that naldemedine does not meet the requirements for inclusion in any 
schedule, and will be removed from control under the CSA.

Regulatory Analyses

Executive Orders 12866 and 15363

    In accordance with 21 U.S.C. 811(a), this scheduling action is 
subject to formal rulemaking procedures performed ``on the record after 
opportunity for a hearing,'' which are conducted pursuant to the 
provisions of 5 U.S.C. 556 and 557. The CSA sets forth the criteria for 
scheduling a drug or other substance. Such actions are exempt from 
review by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) pursuant to section 
3(d)(1) of Executive Order 12866 and the principles reaffirmed in 
Executive Order 13563.

Executive Order 12988

    This regulation meets the applicable standards set forth in 
sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2) of Executive Order 12988 to eliminate 
drafting errors and ambiguity, minimize litigation, provide a clear 
legal standard for affected conduct, and promote simplification and 
burden reduction.

Executive Order 13132

    This rulemaking does not have federalism implications warranting 
the application of Executive Order 13132. The rule does not have 
substantial direct effects on the States, on the relationship between 
the national government and the States, or the distribution of power 
and responsibilities among the various levels of government.

Executive Order 13175

    This rule does not have tribal implications warranting the 
application of Executive Order 13175. It does not have substantial 
direct effects on one or more Indian tribes, on the relationship 
between the Federal Government and Indian tribes, or on the 
distribution of

[[Page 45438]]

power and responsibilities between the Federal Government and Indian 
tribes.

Regulatory Flexibility Act

    The Administrator, in accordance with the Regulatory Flexibility 
Act (5 U.S.C. 601-612) (RFA), has reviewed this rule and by approving 
it certifies that it will not have a significant economic impact on a 
substantial number of small entities. The purpose of this rule is to 
remove naldemedine from the list of schedules of the CSA. This action 
removes regulatory controls and administrative, civil, and criminal 
sanctions applicable to controlled substances for handlers and proposed 
handlers of naldemedine. Accordingly, it has the potential for some 
economic impact in the form of cost savings.
    This rule will affect all persons who handle, or propose to handle, 
naldemedine. Due to the wide variety of unidentifiable and 
unquantifiable variables that potentially could influence handling of 
naldemedine, the DEA is unable to determine the number of entities and 
small entities which might handle naldemedine. However, the DEA 
estimates that all persons who handle, or propose to handle 
naldemedine, are currently registered with the DEA to handle controlled 
substances. Therefore, the 1.7 million (1,683,023 as of April 2017) 
controlled substance registrations, representing approximately 436,761 
entities, would be the maximum number of entities affected by this 
rule. The DEA estimates that 425,856 (97.5%) of 436,761 affected 
entities are ``small entities'' in accordance with the RFA and Small 
Business Administration size standards.
    The DEA estimates all controlled substance registrants handle both 
controlled and non-controlled substances and these registrants are 
expected to continue to handle naldemedine. Additionally, since 
prospective naldemedine handlers are likely to handle other controlled 
substances, the cost benefits they would receive as a result of the de-
control of naldemedine is minimal. As naldemedine handlers continue to 
handle other controlled substances, they will need to maintain their 
DEA registration and keep the same security and recordkeeping 
processes, equipment, and facilities in place and would experience only 
minimal reduction in security, inventory, recordkeeping, and labeling 
costs. Physical security control requirements are the same for 
controlled substances listed in schedules II, III, IV, and V for the 
vast majority of registrants (practitioners).
    While the DEA does not have a basis to estimate the number of 
affected entities, the DEA estimates that the maximum number of 
affected entities is 436,761 of which 425,856 are estimated to be small 
entities. Since the affected entities are expected to handle other 
controlled substances and maintain security and recordkeeping 
facilities and processes consistent with controlled substances, the DEA 
estimates any economic impact will be minimal. Because of these facts, 
this rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial 
number of small entities.

Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

    In accordance with the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) of 1995, 
2 U.S.C. 1501 et seq., the DEA has determined and certifies that this 
action would not result in any Federal mandate that may result ``in the 
expenditure by State, local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, 
or by the private sector, of $100,000,000 or more (adjusted for 
inflation) in any one year * * *.'' Therefore, neither a Small 
Government Agency Plan nor any other action is required under UMRA of 
1995.

Paperwork Reduction Act

    This action does not impose a new collection of information 
requirement under the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44 U.S.C. 3501-3521. 
This action would not impose recordkeeping or reporting requirements on 
State or local governments, individuals, businesses, or organizations. 
An agency may not conduct or sponsor, and a person is not required to 
respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently 
valid OMB control number.

Congressional Review Act

    This rule is not a major rule as defined by section 804 of the 
Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act of 1996 
(Congressional Review Act (CRA)). This rule will not result in: An 
annual effect on the economy of $100,000,000 or more; a major increase 
in costs or prices for consumers, individual industries, Federal, 
State, or local government agencies, or geographic regions; or 
significant adverse effects on competition, employment, investment, 
productivity, innovation, or on the ability of United States-based 
enterprises to compete with foreign based enterprises in domestic and 
export markets. However, pursuant to the CRA, the DEA has submitted a 
copy of this final rule to both Houses of Congress and to the 
Comptroller General.

List of Subjects in 21 CFR Part 1308

    Administrative practice and procedure, Drug traffic control, 
Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

    For the reasons set out above, 21 CFR part 1308 is amended as 
follows:

PART 1308--SCHEDULES OF CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES

0
1. The authority citation for 21 CFR part 1308 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority: 21 U.S.C. 811, 812, 871(b), 956(b), unless otherwise 
noted.


0
2. In Sec.  1308.12, revise the introductory text of paragraph (b)(1) 
to read as follows:


Sec.  1308.12  Schedule II.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (1) Opium and opiate, and any salt, compound, derivative, or 
preparation of opium or opiate excluding apomorphine, thebaine-derived 
butorphanol, dextrorphan, nalbuphine, naldemedine, nalmefene, 
naloxegol, naloxone, and naltrexone, and their respective salts, but 
including the following:
* * * * *

    Dated: September 22, 2017.
Chuck Rosenberg,
Acting Administrator.
[FR Doc. 2017-20919 Filed 9-28-17; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 4410-09-P



                                                  45436            Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 188 / Friday, September 29, 2017 / Rules and Regulations

                                                  EDGAR Filer Manual, Volume II:                          e]isoquinoline-6-carboxamide)                         of all relevant data by the DEA. This
                                                  ‘‘EDGAR Filing,’’ Version 43 (September                 including its salts from the schedules of             action removes the regulatory controls
                                                  2017). Additional provisions applicable                 the Controlled Substances Act. Prior to               and administrative, civil, and criminal
                                                  to Form N–SAR filers are set forth in the               the effective date of this rule,                      sanctions applicable to controlled
                                                  EDGAR Filer Manual, Volume III: ‘‘N–                    naldemedine was a schedule II                         substances, including those specific to
                                                  SAR Supplement,’’ Version 6 (January                    controlled substance because it can be                schedule II controlled substances, on
                                                  2017). All of these provisions have been                derived from opium alkaloids. This                    persons who handle or propose to
                                                  incorporated by reference into the Code                 action removes the regulatory controls                handle naldemedine.
                                                  of Federal Regulations, which action                    and administrative, civil, and criminal
                                                                                                                                                                Background
                                                  was approved by the Director of the                     sanctions applicable to controlled
                                                  Federal Register in accordance with 5                   substances, including those specific to                  Naldemedine, known chemically as
                                                  U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. You                    schedule II controlled substances, on                 (4R,4aS,7aR,12bS)-3-
                                                  must comply with these requirements in                  persons who handle (manufacture,                      (cyclopropylmethyl)-4a,7,9-trihydroxy-
                                                  order for documents to be timely                        distribute, reverse distribute, dispense,             N-(2-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-
                                                  received and accepted. The EDGAR                        conduct research, import, export, or                  yl)propan-2-yl)-2,3,4,4a,5,7a-hexahydro-
                                                  Filer Manual is available for Web site                  conduct chemical analysis) or propose                 1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-
                                                  viewing and printing; the address for                   to handle naldemedine.                                e]isoquinoline-6-carboxamide, is an
                                                  the Filer Manual is https://www.sec.gov/                DATES: The effective date of this rule is             opium alkaloid derivative. Naldemedine
                                                  info/edgar/edmanuals.htm. You can                       September 29, 2017.                                   is a high-affinity antagonist at the mu,
                                                  obtain paper copies of the EDGAR Filer                                                                        kappa, and delta opioid receptors. On
                                                                                                          FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
                                                  Manual from the following address:                                                                            March 23, 2016, a new drug application
                                                                                                          Michael J. Lewis, Diversion Control
                                                  Public Reference Room, U.S. Securities                                                                        (NDA) was submitted by Shionogi Inc.
                                                                                                          Division, Drug Enforcement
                                                  and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street                                                                         (Sponsor) to the Food and Drug
                                                                                                          Administration; Mailing Address: 8701
                                                  NE., Washington, DC 20549, on official                                                                        Administration (FDA) for approval of
                                                                                                          Morrissette Drive, Springfield, Virginia
                                                  business days between the hours of                                                                            naldemedine for the treatment of opioid
                                                                                                          22152; Telephone: (202) 598–6812.
                                                  10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. You can also                                                                         induced constipation in patients with
                                                                                                          SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
                                                  inspect the document at the National                                                                          chronic non-cancer pain. The FDA
                                                  Archives and Records Administration                     Legal Authority                                       approved naldemedine for marketing on
                                                  (NARA). For information on the                                                                                March 23, 2017, under the trade name
                                                                                                             Pursuant to 21 U.S.C. 811(a)(2), the
                                                  availability of this material at NARA,                                                                        Symproic® (0.2 mg tablets).2
                                                                                                          Attorney General may, by rule, ‘‘remove
                                                  call 202–741–6030, or go to: https://                                                                         Naldemedine is indicated for the
                                                                                                          any drug or other substance from the
                                                  www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/                                                                        treatment of opioid-induced
                                                                                                          schedules if he finds that the drug or
                                                  ibr-locations.html.                                                                                           constipation (OIC) in adults with
                                                                                                          other substance does not meet the
                                                                                                                                                                chronic non-cancer pain. Opioid-
                                                  § 232.301   [Amended]                                   requirements for inclusion in any
                                                                                                                                                                induced constipation is caused by an
                                                                                                          schedule.’’ The Attorney General has
                                                  ■ 4. Effective June 1, 2018, amend                                                                            activation of mu-opioid receptors in the
                                                                                                          delegated scheduling authority under 21
                                                  § 232.301 by removing the fourth                                                                              gastrointestinal tract. Naldemedine, a
                                                                                                          U.S.C. 811 to the Administrator of the
                                                  sentence.                                                                                                     peripheral acting mu-opioid antagonist,
                                                                                                          Drug Enforcement Administration
                                                                                                                                                                can prevent OIC.
                                                    By the Commission.                                    (DEA). 28 CFR 0.100.
                                                    Dated: September 13, 2017.                               The Controlled Substances Act (CSA)                DEA and HHS Eight Factor Analyses
                                                  Brent J. Fields,                                        provides that proceedings for the                        On June 8, 2016, the DEA received a
                                                  Secretary.                                              issuance, amendment, or repeal of the                 petition from the drug sponsor
                                                  [FR Doc. 2017–20654 Filed 9–28–17; 8:45 am]
                                                                                                          scheduling of any drug or other                       requesting that the DEA amend 21 CFR
                                                                                                          substance may be initiated by the                     1308.12(b)(1) to exclude naldemedine as
                                                  BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
                                                                                                          Attorney General (1) on his own motion,               a schedule II substance from the
                                                                                                          (2) at the request of the Secretary of the            Controlled Substances Act (CSA). The
                                                                                                          Department of Health and Human                        petitioner stated that naldemedine is a
                                                  DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE                                   Services (HHS) 1, or (3) on the petition              potent peripherally acting mu-opioid
                                                  Drug Enforcement Administration                         of any interested party. 21 U.S.C. 811(a).            receptor antagonist. In accordance with
                                                                                                          This action was initiated at the request              21 CFR 1308.43(c), the DEA accepted
                                                  21 CFR Part 1308                                        of the Acting Assistant Secretary for                 the petition for filing on August 5, 2016.
                                                                                                          Health of the HHS and by a petition by                   On March 22, 2017, the HHS provided
                                                  [Docket No. DEA–468]                                    the drug sponsor to DEA to remove                     the DEA with a scientific and medical
                                                                                                          naldemedine from the list of scheduled                evaluation document prepared by the
                                                  Schedules of Controlled Substances:                     controlled substances of the CSA, and is
                                                  Removal of Naldemedine From Control                                                                           FDA entitled ‘‘Basis for the
                                                                                                          supported by, inter alia, a                           Recommendation to Decontrol
                                                  AGENCY:  Drug Enforcement                               recommendation from the Assistant                     Naldemedine and its Salts from the
                                                  Administration, Department of Justice.                  Secretary of the HHS and an evaluation                Controlled Substances Act.’’ After
                                                  ACTION: Final rule.                                                                                           considering the eight factors in 21
                                                                                                            1 As set forth in a memorandum of understanding
                                                                                                                                                                U.S.C. 811(c), including consideration
asabaliauskas on DSKBBXCHB2PROD with RULES




                                                  SUMMARY:   With the issuance of this final              entered into by the HHS, the Food and Drug
                                                                                                          Administration (FDA), and the National Institute on   of the substance’s abuse potential,
                                                  rule, the Drug Enforcement                              Drug Abuse (NIDA), the FDA acts as the lead agency    legitimate medical use, and dependence
                                                  Administration removes the substance                    within the HHS in carrying out the Secretary’s        liability, the Assistant Secretary of the
                                                  naldemedine (4R,4aS,7aR,12bS)-3-                        scheduling responsibilities under the CSA, with the
                                                                                                                                                                HHS recommended that naldemedine
                                                  (cyclopropylmethyl)-4a,7,9-trihydroxy-                  concurrence of the NIDA. 50 FR 9518, Mar. 8, 1985.
                                                                                                          The Secretary of the HHS has delegated to the
                                                  N-(2-(3-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-                       Assistant Secretary for Health of the HHS the           2 http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_
                                                  yl)propan-2-yl)-2,3,4,4a,5,7a-hexahydro-                authority to make domestic drug scheduling            docs/appletter/2017/208854Orig1s000ltr.pdf (last
                                                  1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-                           recommendations. 58 FR 35460, July 1, 1993.           accessed 04/13/2017).



                                             VerDate Sep<11>2014   16:55 Sep 28, 2017   Jkt 241001   PO 00000   Frm 00016   Fmt 4700   Sfmt 4700   E:\FR\FM\29SER1.SGM   29SER1


                                                                   Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 188 / Friday, September 29, 2017 / Rules and Regulations                                        45437

                                                  and its salts be removed from schedule                    DEA Response: The DEA appreciates                   effective immediately aligns with the
                                                  II of the CSA. In response, the DEA                     the comments in support of this                       exceptions to the 30-day effective date
                                                  conducted its own eight factor analysis                 rulemaking. The comment about making                  requirement of the Administrative
                                                  of naldemedine pursuant to 21 U.S.C.                    naldemedine available without                         Procedure Act (APA). One of the APA’s
                                                  811(c). Both the DEA and HHS analyses                   prescription does not relate to the                   exceptions to the 30-day effective date
                                                  are available in their entirety in the                  factors determinative of control of a                 is for a substantive rule granting or
                                                  public docket of this rule (Docket                      substance (21 U.S.C. 811(c)) or the                   recognizing an exemption or which
                                                  Number DEA–468) at http://                              criteria for placement of a substance in              relieves a restriction. 5 U.S.C. 553(d)(1).
                                                  www.regulations.gov under ‘‘Supporting                  a particular schedule (21 U.S.C. 812(b)).
                                                                                                                                                                Scheduling Conclusion
                                                  and Related Material.’’                                 Unrelated Comment                                        Based on the consideration of all
                                                  Determination To Decontrol                                 A commenter expressed concerns                     comments, the scientific and medical
                                                  Naldemedine                                             about reports on ‘‘opioid epidemic’’                  evaluation and accompanying
                                                     After a review of the available data,                without consideration of the need for                 recommendation of the HHS, and based
                                                  including the scientific and medical                    opioids by chronic pain patients. This                on the DEA’s consideration of its own
                                                  evaluation and the recommendation to                    commenter felt ‘‘patients are being                   eight-factor analysis, the Administrator
                                                  decontrol naldemedine from HHS, the                     denied, dismissed and overlooked by                   finds that these facts and all relevant
                                                  DEA published in the Federal Register                   our drs (sic) due to all the scrutiny                 data demonstrate that naldemedine does
                                                  a notice of proposed rulemaking                         associated with treating chronic pain                 not meet the requirements for inclusion
                                                  (NPRM) entitled ‘‘Schedules of                          disease.’’                                            in any schedule, and will be removed
                                                                                                             DEA Response: Because naldemedine                  from control under the CSA.
                                                  Controlled Substances: Removal of
                                                                                                          is not an opioid analgesic, this comment
                                                  Naldemedine from Control’’ which                                                                              Regulatory Analyses
                                                                                                          about the use of opioid analgesic in the
                                                  proposed removal of naldemedine
                                                                                                          management of pain is unrelated to the                Executive Orders 12866 and 15363
                                                  including its salts from the schedules of
                                                                                                          current decontrol action. Further it does               In accordance with 21 U.S.C. 811(a),
                                                  the CSA. 82 FR 32153, July 12, 2017.
                                                                                                          not relate to the factors determinative of            this scheduling action is subject to
                                                  The proposed rule provided an
                                                                                                          control of a substance (21 U.S.C. 811(c))             formal rulemaking procedures
                                                  opportunity for interested persons to file
                                                                                                          or the criteria for placement of a                    performed ‘‘on the record after
                                                  a request for a hearing in accordance
                                                                                                          substance in a particular schedule (21                opportunity for a hearing,’’ which are
                                                  with DEA regulations by August 11,
                                                                                                          U.S.C. 812(b)).                                       conducted pursuant to the provisions of
                                                  2017. No requests for such a hearing
                                                  were received by the DEA. The NPRM                      Request for Immediate Effective Date                  5 U.S.C. 556 and 557. The CSA sets
                                                  also provided an opportunity for                                                                              forth the criteria for scheduling a drug
                                                                                                             The drug sponsor (Shionogi Inc.)
                                                  interested persons to submit written                                                                          or other substance. Such actions are
                                                                                                          requested that the effective date of this
                                                  comments on the proposal on or before                                                                         exempt from review by the Office of
                                                                                                          decontrol action correspond to the date               Management and Budget (OMB)
                                                  August 11, 2017.                                        of publication of the Final Rule.                     pursuant to section 3(d)(1) of Executive
                                                  Comments Received                                          DEA Response: Generally, DEA
                                                                                                                                                                Order 12866 and the principles
                                                                                                          scheduling actions are effective 30 days
                                                    The DEA received six comments on                                                                            reaffirmed in Executive Order 13563.
                                                                                                          from the date of publication of the final
                                                  the proposed rule to remove                             rule in the Federal Register. 21 CFR                  Executive Order 12988
                                                  naldemedine from control. Five                          1308.45; see also 5 U.S.C. 553(d). In                    This regulation meets the applicable
                                                  commenters supported the decontrol of                   accordance with 21 CFR 1308.45, the                   standards set forth in sections 3(a) and
                                                  naldemedine. One commenter                              DEA finds that the limited availability               3(b)(2) of Executive Order 12988 to
                                                  submitted a comment not related to the                  of effective therapeutic treatments for               eliminate drafting errors and ambiguity,
                                                  proposed decontrol action.                              opioid induced constipation (OIC),                    minimize litigation, provide a clear legal
                                                  Support                                                 coupled with the fact that this is an                 standard for affected conduct, and
                                                                                                          action for decontrol, supports the                    promote simplification and burden
                                                    One commenter stated that                             finding that conditions of public health              reduction.
                                                  naldemedine does not induce euphoria                    require this action to be effective
                                                  therefore limiting its potential for abuse.             immediately upon publication in the                   Executive Order 13132
                                                  Another commenter stated that                           Federal Register. Due to adverse side                   This rulemaking does not have
                                                  naldemedine can help alleviate                          effects, the majority of treatment                    federalism implications warranting the
                                                  constipation which will reduce the                      alternatives currently available for OIC              application of Executive Order 13132.
                                                  amount of time a patient is absent from                 have restricted clinical application. By              The rule does not have substantial
                                                  work or the need for placement on                       comparison, in clinical studies,                      direct effects on the States, on the
                                                  disability. Further, another commenter                  naldemedine was well tolerated and                    relationship between the national
                                                  stated that since naldemedine is a                      exhibited a good safety profile in                    government and the States, or the
                                                  naltrexone derivative, it should be                     patients with opioid-induced bowel                    distribution of power and
                                                  unscheduled.                                            dysfunction.                                          responsibilities among the various
                                                    One commenter stated that senators                       In making the determination to make                levels of government.
                                                  and representatives should support the                  this rule effective immediately, the DEA
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                                                  removal of naldemedine to allow for                     took into consideration the effects of                Executive Order 13175
                                                  safe and efficacious use of the drug due                immediate implementation. The DEA                       This rule does not have tribal
                                                  to its lack of abuse potential in clinical              agrees that making this rule                          implications warranting the application
                                                  use. This commenter further suggested                   immediately effective is in the best                  of Executive Order 13175. It does not
                                                  that naldemedine be made available to                   interest of the public health and will not            have substantial direct effects on one or
                                                  the public without the need for a                       burden registrants, the healthcare                    more Indian tribes, on the relationship
                                                  prescription to treat individuals                       system or law enforcement. The DEA                    between the Federal Government and
                                                  overdosed on opioids.                                   notes that its decision to make this rule             Indian tribes, or on the distribution of


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                                                  45438            Federal Register / Vol. 82, No. 188 / Friday, September 29, 2017 / Rules and Regulations

                                                  power and responsibilities between the                    While the DEA does not have a basis                 List of Subjects in 21 CFR Part 1308
                                                  Federal Government and Indian tribes.                   to estimate the number of affected                      Administrative practice and
                                                                                                          entities, the DEA estimates that the                  procedure, Drug traffic control,
                                                  Regulatory Flexibility Act
                                                                                                          maximum number of affected entities is                Reporting and recordkeeping
                                                     The Administrator, in accordance                     436,761 of which 425,856 are estimated                requirements.
                                                  with the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5                  to be small entities. Since the affected
                                                                                                          entities are expected to handle other                   For the reasons set out above, 21 CFR
                                                  U.S.C. 601–612) (RFA), has reviewed
                                                                                                          controlled substances and maintain                    part 1308 is amended as follows:
                                                  this rule and by approving it certifies
                                                  that it will not have a significant                     security and recordkeeping facilities                 PART 1308—SCHEDULES OF
                                                  economic impact on a substantial                        and processes consistent with                         CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES
                                                  number of small entities. The purpose of                controlled substances, the DEA
                                                  this rule is to remove naldemedine from                 estimates any economic impact will be                 ■ 1. The authority citation for 21 CFR
                                                  the list of schedules of the CSA. This                  minimal. Because of these facts, this                 part 1308 continues to read as follows:
                                                  action removes regulatory controls and                  rule will not have a significant
                                                                                                                                                                  Authority: 21 U.S.C. 811, 812, 871(b),
                                                  administrative, civil, and criminal                     economic impact on a substantial                      956(b), unless otherwise noted.
                                                  sanctions applicable to controlled                      number of small entities.
                                                  substances for handlers and proposed                                                                          ■ 2. In § 1308.12, revise the introductory
                                                                                                          Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995                  text of paragraph (b)(1) to read as
                                                  handlers of naldemedine. Accordingly,
                                                  it has the potential for some economic                    In accordance with the Unfunded                     follows:
                                                  impact in the form of cost savings.                     Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) of 1995,
                                                                                                                                                                § 1308.12   Schedule II.
                                                                                                          2 U.S.C. 1501 et seq., the DEA has
                                                     This rule will affect all persons who                                                                      *     *    *      *     *
                                                                                                          determined and certifies that this action
                                                  handle, or propose to handle,                                                                                   (b) * * *
                                                                                                          would not result in any Federal
                                                  naldemedine. Due to the wide variety of                                                                         (1) Opium and opiate, and any salt,
                                                                                                          mandate that may result ‘‘in the
                                                  unidentifiable and unquantifiable                                                                             compound, derivative, or preparation of
                                                                                                          expenditure by State, local, and tribal
                                                  variables that potentially could                                                                              opium or opiate excluding
                                                                                                          governments, in the aggregate, or by the
                                                  influence handling of naldemedine, the                                                                        apomorphine, thebaine-derived
                                                                                                          private sector, of $100,000,000 or more
                                                  DEA is unable to determine the number                                                                         butorphanol, dextrorphan, nalbuphine,
                                                                                                          (adjusted for inflation) in any one year
                                                  of entities and small entities which                                                                          naldemedine, nalmefene, naloxegol,
                                                                                                          * * *.’’ Therefore, neither a Small
                                                  might handle naldemedine. However,                                                                            naloxone, and naltrexone, and their
                                                                                                          Government Agency Plan nor any other
                                                  the DEA estimates that all persons who                                                                        respective salts, but including the
                                                                                                          action is required under UMRA of 1995.
                                                  handle, or propose to handle                                                                                  following:
                                                  naldemedine, are currently registered                   Paperwork Reduction Act                               *     *    *      *     *
                                                  with the DEA to handle controlled                         This action does not impose a new
                                                  substances. Therefore, the 1.7 million                                                                          Dated: September 22, 2017.
                                                                                                          collection of information requirement
                                                  (1,683,023 as of April 2017) controlled                                                                       Chuck Rosenberg,
                                                                                                          under the Paperwork Reduction Act, 44
                                                  substance registrations, representing                   U.S.C. 3501–3521. This action would                   Acting Administrator.
                                                  approximately 436,761 entities, would                   not impose recordkeeping or reporting                 [FR Doc. 2017–20919 Filed 9–28–17; 8:45 am]
                                                  be the maximum number of entities                       requirements on State or local                        BILLING CODE 4410–09–P
                                                  affected by this rule. The DEA estimates                governments, individuals, businesses, or
                                                  that 425,856 (97.5%) of 436,761 affected                organizations. An agency may not
                                                  entities are ‘‘small entities’’ in                      conduct or sponsor, and a person is not               DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
                                                  accordance with the RFA and Small                       required to respond to, a collection of
                                                  Business Administration size standards.                 information unless it displays a                      Office of the Secretary
                                                     The DEA estimates all controlled                     currently valid OMB control number.
                                                  substance registrants handle both                                                                             32 CFR Part 199
                                                  controlled and non-controlled                           Congressional Review Act
                                                                                                                                                                [Docket ID: DOD–2017–HA–0039]
                                                  substances and these registrants are                      This rule is not a major rule as
                                                  expected to continue to handle                          defined by section 804 of the Small                   RIN 0720–AB70
                                                  naldemedine. Additionally, since                        Business Regulatory Enforcement
                                                  prospective naldemedine handlers are                    Fairness Act of 1996 (Congressional                   Establishment of TRICARE Select and
                                                  likely to handle other controlled                       Review Act (CRA)). This rule will not                 Other TRICARE Reforms
                                                  substances, the cost benefits they would                result in: An annual effect on the                    AGENCY:  Office of the Secretary,
                                                  receive as a result of the de-control of                economy of $100,000,000 or more; a                    Department of Defense (DoD).
                                                  naldemedine is minimal. As                              major increase in costs or prices for                 ACTION: Interim final rule.
                                                  naldemedine handlers continue to                        consumers, individual industries,
                                                  handle other controlled substances, they                Federal, State, or local government                   SUMMARY:   This interim final rule
                                                  will need to maintain their DEA                         agencies, or geographic regions; or                   implements the primary features of
                                                  registration and keep the same security                 significant adverse effects on                        section 701 and partially implements
                                                  and recordkeeping processes,                            competition, employment, investment,                  several other sections of the National
                                                  equipment, and facilities in place and                  productivity, innovation, or on the                   Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal
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                                                  would experience only minimal                           ability of United States-based                        Year 2017 (NDAA–17). The law makes
                                                  reduction in security, inventory,                       enterprises to compete with foreign                   significant changes to the TRICARE
                                                  recordkeeping, and labeling costs.                      based enterprises in domestic and                     program, especially to the health
                                                  Physical security control requirements                  export markets. However, pursuant to                  maintenance organization (HMO)-like
                                                  are the same for controlled substances                  the CRA, the DEA has submitted a copy                 health plan, known as TRICARE Prime;
                                                  listed in schedules II, III, IV, and V for              of this final rule to both Houses of                  to the preferred provider organization
                                                  the vast majority of registrants                        Congress and to the Comptroller                       (PPO) health plan, previously called
                                                  (practitioners).                                        General.                                              TRICARE Extra which is to be replaced


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Document Created: 2017-09-29 03:26:51
Document Modified: 2017-09-29 03:26:51
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionRules and Regulations
ActionFinal rule.
DatesThe effective date of this rule is September 29, 2017.
ContactMichael J. Lewis, Diversion Control
FR Citation82 FR 45436 
CFR AssociatedAdministrative Practice and Procedure; Drug Traffic Control and Reporting and Recordkeeping Requirements

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