83 FR 15383 - Alternative Method for Calculating Off-Cycle Credits Under the Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Program: Applications From Fiat Chrysler Automobiles and Toyota Motor North America
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Federal Register Volume 83, Issue 69 (April 10, 2018)
Federal Register Volume 83, Issue 69 (April 10, 2018)
| Page Range | 15383-15385 | |
| FR Document | 2018-07356 |
[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 69 (Tuesday, April 10, 2018)] [Notices] [Pages 15383-15385] From the Federal Register Online [www.thefederalregister.org] [FR Doc No: 2018-07356] ======================================================================= ----------------------------------------------------------------------- ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9976-26-OAR] Alternative Method for Calculating Off-Cycle Credits Under the Light-Duty Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions Program: Applications From Fiat Chrysler Automobiles and Toyota Motor North America AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is requesting comment on applications from Fiat Chrysler Automobiles (FCA), and Toyota Motor North America (Toyota) for off-cycle carbon dioxide (CO2 ) credits under EPA's light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas emissions standards. ``Off-cycle'' emission reductions can be achieved by employing technologies that result in real-world benefits, but where that benefit is not adequately captured on the test procedures used by manufacturers to demonstrate compliance with emission standards. EPA's light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas program acknowledges these benefits by giving automobile manufacturers several options for generating ``off-cycle'' CO2 credits. Under the regulations, a manufacturer may apply for CO2 credits for off-cycle technologies that result in off-cycle benefits. In these cases, a manufacturer must provide EPA with a proposed methodology for determining the real-world off-cycle benefit. These manufacturers have submitted applications that describe methodologies for determining off- cycle credits from technologies described in their applications. Pursuant to applicable regulations, EPA is making the descriptions of each manufacturer's off-cycle credit calculation methodologies available for public comment. DATES: Comments must be received on or before May 10, 2018. ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-HQ- OAR-2018-0168, to the Federal eRulemaking Portal: https://www.regulations.gov. Follow the online instructions for submitting comments. Once submitted, comments cannot be edited or withdrawn. The EPA may publish any comment received to its public docket. Do not submit electronically any information you consider to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Multimedia submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be accompanied by a written comment. The written comment is considered the official comment and should include discussion of all points you wish to make. The EPA will generally not consider comments or comment contents located outside of the primary submission (i.e. on the web, cloud, or other file sharing system). For additional submission methods, the full EPA public comment policy, information about CBI or multimedia submissions, and general guidance on making effective comments, please visit https://www2.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-epa-dockets. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Roberts French, Environmental Protection Specialist, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Compliance Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000 Traverwood Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. Telephone: (734) 214-4380. Fax: (734) 214-4869. Email address: french.roberts@epa.gov. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Background EPA's light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas (GHG) program provides three pathways by which a manufacturer may accrue off-cycle carbon dioxide (CO2 ) credits for those technologies that achieve CO2 reductions in the real world but where those reductions are not adequately captured on the test used to determine compliance with the CO2 standards, and which are not otherwise reflected in the standards' stringency. The first pathway is a predetermined list of credit values for specific off-cycle technologies that may be used beginning in model year 2014.\1\ This pathway allows manufacturers to use conservative credit values established by EPA for a wide range of technologies, with minimal data submittal or testing requirements, as long as the technologies meet EPA regulatory definitions. In cases where the off-cycle technology is not on the menu but additional laboratory testing can demonstrate emission benefits, a second pathway allows manufacturers to use a broader array of emission tests (known as ``5-cycle'' testing because the methodology uses five different testing procedures) to demonstrate and justify off-cycle CO2 credits.\2\ The additional emission tests allow emission benefits to be demonstrated over some elements of real-world driving not adequately captured by the GHG compliance tests, including high speeds, hard accelerations, and cold temperatures. These first two methodologies were completely defined through notice and comment rulemaking and therefore no additional process is necessary for manufacturers to use these methods. The third and last pathway allows manufacturers to seek EPA approval to use an alternative methodology for determining the off-cycle CO2 credits.\3\ This option is only available if the benefit of the technology cannot be adequately demonstrated using the 5-cycle methodology. Manufacturers may also use this option for model years prior to 2014 to demonstrate off-cycle CO2 reductions for technologies that are on the predetermined list, or to demonstrate reductions that exceed those available via use of the predetermined list. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\ See 40 CFR 86.1869-12(b). \2\ See 40 CFR 86.1869-12(c). \3\ See 40 CFR 86.1869-12(d). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Under the regulations, a manufacturer seeking to demonstrate off- cycle credits [[Page 15384]] with an alternative methodology (i.e., under the third pathway described above) must describe a methodology that meets the following criteria:Use modeling, on-road testing, on-road data collection, or other approved analytical or engineering methods; Be robust, verifiable, and capable of demonstrating the real-world emissions benefit with strong statistical significance; Result in a demonstration of baseline and controlled emissions over a wide range of driving conditions and number of vehicles such that issues of data uncertainty are minimized; Result in data on a model type basis unless the manufacturer demonstrates that another basis is appropriate and adequate. Further, the regulations specify the following requirements regarding an application for off-cycle CO 2 credits:A manufacturer requesting off-cycle credits must develop a methodology for demonstrating and determining the benefit of the off- cycle technology, and carry out any necessary testing and analysis required to support that methodology. A manufacturer requesting off-cycle credits must conduct testing and/or prepare engineering analyses that demonstrate the in-use durability of the technology for the full useful life of the vehicle. The application must contain a detailed description of the off-cycle technology and how it functions to reduce CO 2 emissions under conditions not represented on the compliance tests.The application must contain a list of the vehicle model(s) which will be equipped with the technology. The application must contain a detailed description of the test vehicles selected and an engineering analysis that supports the selection of those vehicles for testing. The application must contain all testing and/or simulation data required under the regulations, plus any other data the manufacturer has considered in the analysis. Finally, the alternative methodology must be approved by EPA prior to the manufacturer using it to generate credits. As part of the review process defined by regulation, the alternative methodology submitted to EPA for consideration must be made available for public comment.\4\ EPA will consider public comments as part of its final decision to approve or deny the request for off-cycle credits. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \4\ See 40 CFR 86.1869-12(d)(2). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- II. Off-Cycle Credit Applications A. Fiat Chrysler Automobiles 1. High-Efficiency Alternator FCA is requesting GHG credits for alternators with improved efficiency relative to a baseline alternator. This request is for the 2009 and later model years. Automotive alternators convert mechanical energy from a combustion engine into electrical energy that can be used to power a vehicle's electrical systems. Alternators inherently place a load on the engine, which results in increased fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions. High efficiency alternators use new technologies to reduce the overall load on the engine yet continue to meet the electrical demands of the vehicle systems, resulting in lower fuel consumption and lower CO2 emissions. Some comments on EPA's proposed rule for GHG standards for the 2016-2025 model years suggested that EPA provide a credit for high-efficiency alternators on the pre-defined list in the regulations. While EPA agreed that high- efficiency alternators can reduce electrical load and reduce fuel consumption, and that these impacts are not seen on the emission test procedures because accessories that use electricity are turned off, EPA noted the difficulty in defining a one-size-fits-all credit due to lack of data.\5\ FCA proposes a methodology that would scale credits based on the efficiency of the alternator; alternators with efficiency (as measured using an accepted industry standard procedure) above a specified baseline value could get credits of 0.14 grams/mile per percent improvement in alternator efficiency. This methodology is similar to that proposed by Ford and published for comment in June of 2017, as well as that proposed by GM in this Federal Register notice.\6\ Details of the testing and analysis can be found in the manufacturer's application. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \5\ See 77 FR 62730, October 15, 2012. \6\ See 82 FR 27819, June 19, 2017. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2. Active Engine Warm-Up and Active Transmission Warm-Up Using the alternative methodology approach discussed above, FCA is applying for credits for model years prior to 2014, and thus prior to when the list of default credits became available. FCA has applied for off-cycle credits using the alternative demonstration methodology pathway for active transmission warmup and active engine warmup. EPA has already approved credits for these technologies for model years prior to 2014.\7\ FCA's request is consistent with previously approved methodologies and credits. The application covers active engine warmup used in 2011-2013 model year vehicles, and active transmission warmup used in 2013 model year vehicles. These technologies are described in the predetermined list of credits available in the 2014 and later model years. The methodologies described by FCA are consistent with those used by EPA to establish the predetermined list of credits in the regulations, and would result in the same credit values as described in the regulations, as shown in the table below: --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \7\ ``EPA Decision Document: Off-cycle Credits for Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Ford Motor Company, and General Motors Corporation.'' Compliance Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA-420-R-15-014, September 2015. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Off-cycle Off-cycle Technology credit--cars credit--trucks (grams/mile) (grams/mile) ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Active transmission warm-up............. 1.5 3.2 Active engine warm-up................... 1.5 3.2 ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3. Variable Crankcase Suction Valve Technology in Denso AC Compressors Using the alternative methodology approach discussed above, FCA is applying for credits for an air conditioning compressor manufactured by Denso that results in air conditioning efficiency credits beyond those provided in the regulations. This request is for the 2019 and subsequent model years. This compressor, known as the Denso SAS compressor, improves the internal valve system within the compressor to reduce the internal refrigerant flow necessary throughout the range of displacements that the compressor may use during its operating cycle. The addition of a variable crankcase suction valve allows a larger mass flow under maximum capacity and [[Page 15385]] compressor start-up conditions (when high flow is ideal), and then it can reduce to smaller openings with reduced mass flow in mid- or low- capacity conditions. The refrigerant exiting the crankcase is thus optimized across the range of operating conditions, reducing the overall energy consumption of the air conditioning system. EPA first approved credits for General Motors (GM) for the use of the Denso SAS compressor in 2015,\8\ and has subsequently approved such credits for BMW, Ford, and Hyundai.\9\ --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \8\ ``EPA Decision Document: Off-cycle Credits for Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Ford Motor Company, and General Motors Corporation.'' Compliance Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA-420-R-15-014, September 2015. \9\ EPA Decision Document: Off-cycle Credits for BMW Group, Ford Motor Company, and Hyundai Motor Company.'' Compliance Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA-420-R-17-010, December 2017. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- The credits calculated for the Denso SAS compressor would be in addition to the credits of 1.7 grams/mile for variable-displacement A/C compressors already allowed under EPA regulations.\10\ However, it is important to note that EPA regulations place a limit on the cumulative credits that can be claimed for improving the efficiency of A/C systems. The rationale for this limit is that the additional fuel consumption of A/C systems can never be reduced to zero, and the limits established by regulation reflect the maximum possible reduction in fuel consumption projected by EPA. These limits, or caps, on credits for A/C efficiency, must also be applied to A/C efficiency credits granted under the off-cycle credit approval process. In other words, cumulative A/C efficiency credits for an A/C system--from the A/C efficiency regulations and those granted via the off-cycle regulations--must comply with the stated limits. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \10\ See 40 CFR 86.1868-12. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- FCA is requesting an off-cycle GHG credit of 1.1 grams CO2 per mile for the Denso SAS compressor. FCA cited the bench test modeling analysis referenced in the original GM application, which demonstrated a benefit of 1.1 grams/mile. Like other manufacturers, FCA also ran vehicle tests using the AC17 test. Eight tests were conducted on a 2014 Dodge Charger, resulting in a calculated benefit of 3.16 grams/mile, thus substantiating the bench test results. Based on these results, FCA is requesting a credit of 1.1 grams/mile for all FCA vehicles equipped with the Denso SAS compressor with variable crankcase suction valve technology, starting with 2019 model year vehicles. Details of the testing and analysis can be found in the manufacturer's application. B. Toyota Motor North America Toyota Motor North America (Toyota) is requesting GHG credits for alternators with improved efficiency relative to a baseline alternator. This request is for the 2017 and later model years. Automotive alternators convert mechanical energy from a combustion engine into electrical energy that can be used to power a vehicle's electrical systems. Alternators inherently place a load on the engine, which results in increased fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. High efficiency alternators use new technologies to reduce the overall load on the engine yet continue to meet the electrical demands of the vehicle systems, resulting in lower fuel consumption and lower CO2 emissions. Some comments on EPA's proposed rule for GHG standards for the 2016-2025 model years suggested that EPA provide a credit for high-efficiency alternators on the pre-defined list in the regulations. While EPA agreed that high-efficiency alternators can reduce electrical load and reduce fuel consumption, and that these impacts are not seen on the emission test procedures because accessories that use electricity are turned off, EPA noted the difficulty in defining a one-size-fits-all credit due to lack of data.\11\ Toyota proposes a methodology that would scale credits based on the efficiency of the alternator; alternators with efficiency (as measured using an accepted industry standard procedure) above a specified baseline value could get credits of 0.1 to 2.0 grams/mile depending on the overall improvement in alternator efficiency. This methodology is similar to that proposed by Ford and published for comment in June of 2017.\12\ Details of the testing and analysis can be found in the manufacturer's application. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- \11\ See 77 FR 62730, October 15, 2012. \12\ See 82 FR 27819, June 19, 2017. --------------------------------------------------------------------------- III. EPA Decision Process EPA has reviewed the applications for completeness and is now making the applications available for public review and comment as required by the regulations. The off-cycle credit applications submitted by the manufacturers (with confidential business information redacted) have been placed in the public docket (see ADDRESSES section above) and on EPA's website at https://www.epa.gov/vehicle-and-engine-certification/compliance-information-light-duty-greenhouse-gas-ghg-standards. EPA is providing a 30-day comment period on the applications for off-cycle credits described in this notice, as specified by the regulations. The manufacturers may submit a written rebuttal of comments for EPA's consideration, or may revise an application in response to comments. After reviewing any public comments and any rebuttal of comments submitted by manufacturers, EPA will make a final decision regarding the credit requests. EPA will make its decision available to the public by placing a decision document (or multiple decision documents) in the docket and on EPA's website at the same manufacturer-specific pages shown above. While the broad methodologies used by these manufacturers could potentially be used for other vehicles and by other manufacturers, the vehicle specific data needed to demonstrate the off-cycle emissions reductions would likely be different. In such cases, a new application would be required, including an opportunity for public comment. Dated: March 23, 2018. Byron Bunker, Director, Compliance Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Office of Air and Radiation. [FR Doc. 2018-07356 Filed 4-9-18; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 6560-50-P
![Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 69 / Tuesday, April 10, 2018 / Notices 15383
Filed Date: 4/4/18. emission reductions can be achieved by 48105. Telephone: (734) 214–4380. Fax:
Accession Number: 20180404–5144. employing technologies that result in (734) 214–4869. Email address:
Comments Due: 5 p.m. ET 4/25/18. real-world benefits, but where that french.roberts@epa.gov.
Take notice that the Commission benefit is not adequately captured on SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
received the following electric securities the test procedures used by
manufacturers to demonstrate I. Background
filings:
compliance with emission standards. EPA’s light-duty vehicle greenhouse
Docket Numbers: ES18–26–000.
EPA’s light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas gas (GHG) program provides three
Applicants: Southern Indiana Gas and
program acknowledges these benefits by pathways by which a manufacturer may
Electric Company.
giving automobile manufacturers several accrue off-cycle carbon dioxide (CO2)
Description: Application for authority
options for generating ‘‘off-cycle’’ CO2 credits for those technologies that
to issue short term debt of Southern
credits. Under the regulations, a achieve CO2 reductions in the real
Indiana Gas and Electric Company, Inc. world but where those reductions are
manufacturer may apply for CO2 credits
Filed Date: 4/3/18. not adequately captured on the test used
for off-cycle technologies that result in
Accession Number: 20180403–5198. to determine compliance with the CO2
off-cycle benefits. In these cases, a
Comments Due: 5 p.m. ET 4/24/18. standards, and which are not otherwise
manufacturer must provide EPA with a
The filings are accessible in the proposed methodology for determining reflected in the standards’ stringency.
Commission’s eLibrary system by the real-world off-cycle benefit. These The first pathway is a predetermined
clicking on the links or querying the manufacturers have submitted list of credit values for specific off-cycle
docket number. applications that describe technologies that may be used beginning
Any person desiring to intervene or methodologies for determining off-cycle in model year 2014.1 This pathway
protest in any of the above proceedings credits from technologies described in allows manufacturers to use
must file in accordance with Rules 211 their applications. Pursuant to conservative credit values established
and 214 of the Commission’s applicable regulations, EPA is making by EPA for a wide range of technologies,
Regulations (18 CFR 385.211 and the descriptions of each manufacturer’s with minimal data submittal or testing
385.214) on or before 5:00 p.m. Eastern off-cycle credit calculation requirements, as long as the
time on the specified comment date. methodologies available for public technologies meet EPA regulatory
Protests may be considered, but comment. definitions. In cases where the off-cycle
intervention is necessary to become a technology is not on the menu but
DATES: Comments must be received on
party to the proceeding. or before May 10, 2018. additional laboratory testing can
eFiling is encouraged. More detailed demonstrate emission benefits, a second
ADDRESSES: Submit your comments,
information relating to filing pathway allows manufacturers to use a
requirements, interventions, protests, identified by Docket ID No. EPA–HQ–
broader array of emission tests (known
OAR–2018–0168, to the Federal
service, and qualifying facilities filings as ‘‘5-cycle’’ testing because the
eRulemaking Portal: https://
can be found at: http://www.ferc.gov/ methodology uses five different testing
www.regulations.gov. Follow the online
docs-filing/efiling/filing-req.pdf. For procedures) to demonstrate and justify
instructions for submitting comments.
other information, call (866) 208–3676 off-cycle CO2 credits.2 The additional
Once submitted, comments cannot be
(toll free). For TTY, call (202) 502–8659. emission tests allow emission benefits
edited or withdrawn. The EPA may
Dated: April 4, 2018. to be demonstrated over some elements
publish any comment received to its
Nathaniel J. Davis, Sr.,
of real-world driving not adequately
public docket. Do not submit
captured by the GHG compliance tests,
Deputy Secretary. electronically any information you
including high speeds, hard
[FR Doc. 2018–07280 Filed 4–9–18; 8:45 am] consider to be Confidential Business
accelerations, and cold temperatures.
Information (CBI) or other information
BILLING CODE 6717–01–P These first two methodologies were
whose disclosure is restricted by statute.
completely defined through notice and
Multimedia submissions (audio, video,
comment rulemaking and therefore no
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION etc.) must be accompanied by a written
additional process is necessary for
AGENCY comment. The written comment is
manufacturers to use these methods.
considered the official comment and
[FRL–9976–26–OAR] The third and last pathway allows
should include discussion of all points
manufacturers to seek EPA approval to
you wish to make. The EPA will
Alternative Method for Calculating Off- use an alternative methodology for
generally not consider comments or
Cycle Credits Under the Light-Duty determining the off-cycle CO2 credits.3
comment contents located outside of the
Vehicle Greenhouse Gas Emissions This option is only available if the
primary submission (i.e. on the web,
Program: Applications From Fiat benefit of the technology cannot be
cloud, or other file sharing system). For
Chrysler Automobiles and Toyota adequately demonstrated using the 5-
additional submission methods, the full
Motor North America cycle methodology. Manufacturers may
EPA public comment policy,
also use this option for model years
AGENCY: Environmental Protection information about CBI or multimedia
prior to 2014 to demonstrate off-cycle
Agency (EPA). submissions, and general guidance on
CO2 reductions for technologies that are
ACTION: Notice.
making effective comments, please visit
on the predetermined list, or to
https://www2.epa.gov/dockets/
demonstrate reductions that exceed
SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection commenting-epa-dockets.
those available via use of the
daltland on DSKBBV9HB2PROD with NOTICES
Agency (EPA) is requesting comment on FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: predetermined list.
applications from Fiat Chrysler Roberts French, Environmental Under the regulations, a manufacturer
Automobiles (FCA), and Toyota Motor Protection Specialist, Office of seeking to demonstrate off-cycle credits
North America (Toyota) for off-cycle Transportation and Air Quality,
carbon dioxide (CO2) credits under Compliance Division, U.S. 1 See 40 CFR 86.1869–12(b).
EPA’s light-duty vehicle greenhouse gas Environmental Protection Agency, 2000 2 See 40 CFR 86.1869–12(c).
emissions standards. ‘‘Off-cycle’’ Traverwood Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 3 See 40 CFR 86.1869–12(d).
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![Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 69 / Tuesday, April 10, 2018 / Notices 15385
compressor start-up conditions (when Details of the testing and analysis can be EPA is providing a 30-day comment
high flow is ideal), and then it can found in the manufacturer’s application. period on the applications for off-cycle
reduce to smaller openings with credits described in this notice, as
B. Toyota Motor North America
reduced mass flow in mid- or low- specified by the regulations. The
capacity conditions. The refrigerant Toyota Motor North America (Toyota) manufacturers may submit a written
exiting the crankcase is thus optimized is requesting GHG credits for alternators rebuttal of comments for EPA’s
across the range of operating conditions, with improved efficiency relative to a consideration, or may revise an
reducing the overall energy baseline alternator. This request is for application in response to comments.
consumption of the air conditioning the 2017 and later model years. After reviewing any public comments
system. EPA first approved credits for Automotive alternators convert and any rebuttal of comments submitted
General Motors (GM) for the use of the mechanical energy from a combustion by manufacturers, EPA will make a final
Denso SAS compressor in 2015,8 and engine into electrical energy that can be decision regarding the credit requests.
has subsequently approved such credits used to power a vehicle’s electrical EPA will make its decision available to
for BMW, Ford, and Hyundai.9 systems. Alternators inherently place a the public by placing a decision
The credits calculated for the Denso load on the engine, which results in document (or multiple decision
SAS compressor would be in addition to increased fuel consumption and CO2 documents) in the docket and on EPA’s
the credits of 1.7 grams/mile for emissions. High efficiency alternators website at the same manufacturer-
variable-displacement A/C compressors use new technologies to reduce the specific pages shown above. While the
already allowed under EPA overall load on the engine yet continue broad methodologies used by these
regulations.10 However, it is important to meet the electrical demands of the manufacturers could potentially be used
to note that EPA regulations place a vehicle systems, resulting in lower fuel for other vehicles and by other
limit on the cumulative credits that can consumption and lower CO2 emissions. manufacturers, the vehicle specific data
be claimed for improving the efficiency Some comments on EPA’s proposed rule needed to demonstrate the off-cycle
of A/C systems. The rationale for this for GHG standards for the 2016–2025 emissions reductions would likely be
limit is that the additional fuel model years suggested that EPA provide different. In such cases, a new
consumption of A/C systems can never a credit for high-efficiency alternators application would be required,
be reduced to zero, and the limits on the pre-defined list in the including an opportunity for public
established by regulation reflect the regulations. While EPA agreed that comment.
maximum possible reduction in fuel high-efficiency alternators can reduce
consumption projected by EPA. These Dated: March 23, 2018.
electrical load and reduce fuel Byron Bunker,
limits, or caps, on credits for A/C
consumption, and that these impacts are Director, Compliance Division, Office of
efficiency, must also be applied to A/C
not seen on the emission test procedures Transportation and Air Quality, Office of Air
efficiency credits granted under the off-
because accessories that use electricity and Radiation.
cycle credit approval process. In other
are turned off, EPA noted the difficulty [FR Doc. 2018–07356 Filed 4–9–18; 8:45 am]
words, cumulative A/C efficiency
in defining a one-size-fits-all credit due
credits for an A/C system—from the A/ BILLING CODE 6560–50–P
to lack of data.11 Toyota proposes a
C efficiency regulations and those
methodology that would scale credits
granted via the off-cycle regulations—
based on the efficiency of the alternator; ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
must comply with the stated limits.
FCA is requesting an off-cycle GHG alternators with efficiency (as measured AGENCY
credit of 1.1 grams CO2 per mile for the using an accepted industry standard
procedure) above a specified baseline [EPA–R07–RCRA–2018–0083; FRL–9976–
Denso SAS compressor. FCA cited the 47–Region 7]
bench test modeling analysis referenced value could get credits of 0.1 to 2.0
in the original GM application, which grams/mile depending on the overall Notice of Proposed Settlement
demonstrated a benefit of 1.1 grams/ improvement in alternator efficiency. Agreement and Order on Consent for
mile. Like other manufacturers, FCA This methodology is similar to that Removal Action by Bona Fide
also ran vehicle tests using the AC17 proposed by Ford and published for Prospective Purchaser
test. Eight tests were conducted on a comment in June of 2017.12 Details of
2014 Dodge Charger, resulting in a the testing and analysis can be found in AGENCY: Environmental Protection
calculated benefit of 3.16 grams/mile, the manufacturer’s application. Agency (EPA).
thus substantiating the bench test ACTION: Notice; request for public
III. EPA Decision Process
results. Based on these results, FCA is comment.
requesting a credit of 1.1 grams/mile for EPA has reviewed the applications for
completeness and is now making the SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection
all FCA vehicles equipped with the Agency (EPA) is hereby giving notice of
Denso SAS compressor with variable applications available for public review
and comment as required by the a proposed bona fide prospective
crankcase suction valve technology, purchaser settlement agreement,
starting with 2019 model year vehicles. regulations. The off-cycle credit
applications submitted by the embodied in an Order on Consent, with
8 ‘‘EPA Decision Document: Off-cycle Credits for manufacturers (with confidential Sensient Colors LLC. This agreement
Fiat Chrysler Automobiles, Ford Motor Company, business information redacted) have pertains to the former Homer A. Doerr
and General Motors Corporation.’’ Compliance been placed in the public docket (see & Sons Plating Company property
Division, Office of Transportation and Air Quality,
ADDRESSES section above) and on EPA’s located in St. Louis, Missouri.
daltland on DSKBBV9HB2PROD with NOTICES
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA–420–
R–15–014, September 2015. website at https://www.epa.gov/vehicle- DATES: Comments must be received on
9 EPA Decision Document: Off-cycle Credits for and-engine-certification/compliance- or before May 10, 2018.
BMW Group, Ford Motor Company, and Hyundai information-light-duty-greenhouse-gas- ADDRESSES: The proposed settlement
Motor Company.’’ Compliance Division, Office of ghg-standards. agreement is available for public
Transportation and Air Quality, U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency. EPA–420–R–17–010, December inspection at EPA Region 7’s office at
2017. 11 See 77 FR 62730, October 15, 2012. 11201 Renner Boulevard, Lenexa,
10 See 40 CFR 86.1868–12. 12 See 82 FR 27819, June 19, 2017. Kansas 66219. A copy of the proposed
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Document Created: 2018-04-09 23:52:01
Document Modified: 2018-04-09 23:52:01
| Category | Regulatory Information | |
| Collection | Federal Register | |
| sudoc Class | AE 2.7: GS 4.107: AE 2.106: | |
| Publisher | Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration | |
| Section | Notices | |
| Action | Notice. | |
| Dates | Comments must be received on or before May 10, 2018. | |
| Contact | Roberts French, Environmental Protection Specialist, Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Compliance Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 2000 Traverwood Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48105. Telephone: (734) 214-4380. Fax: | |
| FR Citation | 83 FR 15383 |
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