83_FR_22699 83 FR 22604 - Eliminating Unnecessary Requirements for Hog Carcass Cleaning

83 FR 22604 - Eliminating Unnecessary Requirements for Hog Carcass Cleaning

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Food Safety and Inspection Service

Federal Register Volume 83, Issue 95 (May 16, 2018)

Page Range22604-22607
FR Document2018-10488

The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is proposing to amend the Federal meat inspection regulations by removing the provision requiring the cleaning of hog carcasses before any incision is made preceding evisceration. This provision, although focusing on the presentation of carcass dressing defects, impedes the adoption of more efficient, effective procedures under other regulations to ensure that carcasses and parts are free of contamination. Also, the provision is no longer necessary because other regulations require carcass cleaning, the maintenance of sanitary conditions, and the prevention of hazards reasonably likely to occur in the slaughter process.

Federal Register, Volume 83 Issue 95 (Wednesday, May 16, 2018)
[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 95 (Wednesday, May 16, 2018)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 22604-22607]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2018-10488]


========================================================================
Proposed Rules
                                                Federal Register
________________________________________________________________________

This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains notices to the public of 
the proposed issuance of rules and regulations. The purpose of these 
notices is to give interested persons an opportunity to participate in 
the rule making prior to the adoption of the final rules.

========================================================================


Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 95 / Wednesday, May 16, 2018 / 
Proposed Rules

[[Page 22604]]



DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE

Food Safety and Inspection Service

9 CFR Part 310

[Docket No. FSIS-2018-0005]
RIN: 0583-AD68


Eliminating Unnecessary Requirements for Hog Carcass Cleaning

AGENCY: Food Safety and Inspection Service, USDA.

ACTION: Proposed rule.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: The Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) is proposing to 
amend the Federal meat inspection regulations by removing the provision 
requiring the cleaning of hog carcasses before any incision is made 
preceding evisceration. This provision, although focusing on the 
presentation of carcass dressing defects, impedes the adoption of more 
efficient, effective procedures under other regulations to ensure that 
carcasses and parts are free of contamination. Also, the provision is 
no longer necessary because other regulations require carcass cleaning, 
the maintenance of sanitary conditions, and the prevention of hazards 
reasonably likely to occur in the slaughter process.

DATES: Comments must be received by July 16, 2018.

ADDRESSES: FSIS invites interested persons to submit comments on FSIS-
2018-0005. Comments may be submitted by one of the following methods:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: This website provides the 
ability to type short comments directly into the comment field on this 
web page or attach a file for lengthier comments. Go to http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the on-line instructions at that site for 
submitting comments.
     Mail, including CD-ROMs, etc.: Send to Docket Clerk, U.S. 
Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, 1400 
Independence Avenue SW, Mailstop 3758, Room 6065, Washington, DC 20250-
3700.
     Hand- or courier-delivered submittals: Deliver to 1400 
Independence Avenue SW, Room 6065, Washington, DC 20250-3700.
    Instructions: All items submitted by mail or electronic mail must 
include the Agency name and docket number FSIS-2018-0005. Comments 
received in response to this docket will be made available for public 
inspection and posted without change, including any personal 
information, to http://www.regulations.gov.
    Docket: For access to background documents or comments received, 
call (202)720-5627 to schedule a time to visit the FSIS Docket Room at 
1400 Independence Avenue SW, Room 6065, Washington, DC 20250-3700.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Roberta Wagner, Assistant 
Administrator, Office of Policy and Program Development, FSIS; 
Telephone: (202) 205-0495.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Background

    Under the Federal Meat Inspection Act (21 U.S.C. 601-695), FSIS 
carries out an inspection program to ensure that carcasses, parts, and 
products of amenable species of livestock are wholesome, not 
adulterated, and properly marked, labeled and packaged. Among other 
provisions of the Act is a requirement for post-mortem inspection of 
livestock carcasses, including swine carcasses (21 U.S.C. 604). This 
inspection must be completed before the carcasses or the meat or meat 
food products derived from them are moved to further processing (21 
U.S.C. 605) and preparation for commerce (also under inspection) (21 
U.S.C. 606(a)).
    Under the Act, the Agency may prescribe rules and regulations of 
sanitation under which establishments must be maintained (21 U.S.C. 
608). More generally, the Agency may issue rules and regulations 
necessary for the efficient execution of the Act's provisions (21 
U.S.C. 621).
    Accordingly, FSIS and its predecessors have issued regulations 
governing inspection. The regulations include post-mortem inspection 
requirements, criteria for determining whether or not meat or meat food 
products are adulterated, and requirements for inspected establishments 
to develop and maintain Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point 
(HACCP) plans and Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures (Sanitation 
SOPs).
    Among the post-mortem inspection regulations is one titled 
``Cleaning of hog carcasses before incising'' (9 CFR 310.11). This 
regulation states, ``All hair, scurf, and dirt, including all hoofs and 
claws, shall be removed from hog carcasses and the carcasses thoroughly 
washed and cleaned, before any incision is made for inspection or 
evisceration.'' The carcass cleaning that the regulation is referring 
to typically begins in an official slaughter establishment after 
stunning, bleeding, and scalding, and continues after gambrelling \1\ 
and singeing, along with trimming of jowls, lips, and eyelids, but 
before dropping of the head. This regulation has helped to ensure that 
carcasses are clean when presented for post-mortem inspection.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Suspending the carcass by the legs from a metal frame or 
hanger--a gambrel.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Another post-mortem-inspection regulation, 9 CFR 310.18, on 
``Contamination of carcasses, organs, or other parts,'' addresses the 
prevention and removal of contamination from carcasses (before or after 
incision), organs, and other parts. Under this regulation, any 
contamination remaining post-incision or post-evisceration is removed.
    Regulations on Sanitation SOPs (9 CFR 304.3, 416.12-17) require 
establishments to have written procedures to ensure sanitary operating 
conditions that will prevent contamination and adulteration of 
products. The HACCP regulations (9 CFR 304.3, and 417, particularly 9 
CFR 417.2, and 417.4) require establishments to have HACCP plans to 
prevent or reduce to acceptable levels any hazards reasonably likely to 
occur. These include any contamination hazards that are not already 
minimized through the implementation of Sanitation SOPs or other 
prerequisite programs. FSIS and members of the regulated industry have 
found that the regulation on cleaning hog carcasses before incising, 9 
CFR 310.11, may impede the application of alternative, more efficient, 
procedures for removing hair, scurf, and dirt after the first incision 
preceding the dropping of the head and evisceration.
    Because the current regulation is prescriptive and requires 
dehairing

[[Page 22605]]

before evisceration, the establishment has limited flexibility. 
Removing the regulation will enable an establishment to remove hair, 
scurf, nails, and hooves at other points in the process and to do so in 
a way that may prove to be more efficient. For example, removing hair 
from the snout when the snout is on a table, beyond the point where the 
first incision is made, and the snout is also not moving on the line is 
more efficient than trying to remove the hair on a moving carcass with 
the head still attached.
    These more efficient procedures also ensure that carcasses will be 
free of contamination when moved within an establishment to, or shipped 
in commerce for, further processing. The alternative procedures can be 
incorporated in a prerequisite program aimed at preventing 
contamination. When executed and documented, the program can support an 
establishment's hazard analysis (as per 9 CFR 417.5(a)(1)) and HACCP 
plan. At times, the Agency has, under an exemption regulation, at 9 CFR 
303.1(h), granted waivers from the requirements of 9 CFR 310.11 to 
permit the use of the alternative procedures.
    For example, carcass defects and blemishes too small to be detected 
during slaughter can be removed during off-line inspection or during 
further processing. So, some establishments are using alternative 
procedures for removing, after carcass dressing, hairs that are not 
readily visible. Such defects may be regarded as finished carcass 
defects and not as contamination or sanitary dressing defects. Singed 
eyelashes remaining on the carcass or isolated, individual, hairs on 
the head or face of the ham may be found after the first incision. Such 
defects may be removed effectively when pulling the snout and when 
``facing'' (trimming the excess fat along the inside surfaces of) hams 
in the cutting room, where carcasses are broken down in a sanitary 
manner into standard wholesale or retail cuts. Remaining hoofs and 
claws (i.e., nails) can be removed after the first incision or later in 
processing when feet are discarded or not saved for food in the cutting 
room. FSIS has found the performance of establishments using the 
alternative procedures to be satisfactory.
    Establishments using the alternatives are listed on the FSIS 
website at: https://www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/188bf583-45c9-4837-9205-37e0eb1ba243/Waiver_Table.pdf?MOD=AJPERES
    By relying on the authority of 9 CFR 310.18 and the Sanitation SOP 
and HACCP regulations, establishments have the flexibility to implement 
these or other procedures to remove any defects during the stages of 
slaughter and further processing that follow evisceration. They can 
make their operations more efficient and effective without compromising 
food safety. Therefore, these other regulations, and establishment 
compliance therewith, make 9 CFR 310.11 unnecessary.
    FSIS is therefore proposing to remove 9 CFR 310.11 from the 
regulations.

Modernization of Swine Slaughter Inspection

    On February 1, 2018, FSIS proposed a new regulation to modernize 
swine inspection (83 FR 4780). Among other things, in this rule, FSIS 
is proposing to require that all official swine slaughter 
establishments develop, implement, and maintain in their HACCP systems 
written procedures to prevent the contamination of carcasses and parts 
by enteric pathogens, fecal material, ingesta, and milk throughout the 
entire slaughter and dressing operation. These procedures must include 
sampling and analysis for microbial organisms to monitor process 
control for enteric pathogens, as well as written procedures to prevent 
visible fecal material, ingesta, and milk contamination. In addition, 
FSIS is proposing to require that all official swine slaughter 
establishments develop, implement, and maintain in their HACCP systems 
written procedures to prevent contamination of the pre-operational 
environment by enteric pathogens. Therefore, in the modernization 
proposed rule, FSIS is proposing additional requirements that, if 
finalized, will further prevent contamination of swine carcasses. If 
finalized, this rule would provide more support for eliminating section 
310.11, as is proposed above.

Executive Orders 12866 and 13563, and the Regulatory Flexibility Act

    Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 direct agencies to assess all 
costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, if 
regulation is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize 
net benefits (including potential economic, environmental, public 
health and safety benefits, distributive impacts, and equity). 
Executive Order (E.O.) 13563 emphasizes the importance of quantifying 
both costs and benefits, of reducing costs, of harmonizing rules, and 
of promoting flexibility. This proposed rule has been designated as a 
``non-significant'' regulatory action under section 3(f) of E.O. 12866. 
Accordingly, the rule has not been reviewed by the Office of Management 
and Budget (OMB) under E.O. 12866.

Economic Analysis

Expected Cost Savings and Benefits Associated With the Proposed Rule

    This proposed rule is expected to reduce swine slaughter labor 
costs by approximately $11.81 million annually. These savings are due 
to industry's practice of dedicating labor pre-incision, solely to 
comply with 310.11. Under the proposed rule, this labor would no longer 
be needed because the work can be accomplished by existing labor 
located post-incision. FSIS's labor cost savings estimate assumes that 
the labor affected by the proposed rule is equivalent to that in the 
Bureau of Labor Statistics' (BLS's) slaughtering and meat-packing 
occupational category, for which the industry annual wage is 
$27,140.\2\ The Agency seeks comment on this assumption. Applying a 
benefits-and-overhead factor of 2 brings this occupation's total annual 
labor costs per position to $54,280 ($27,140 x 2).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \2\ BLS Occupational Employment Statistics (OES) May 2016 
National Industry-Specific Occupational Employment and Wage 
Estimates for North American Industrial Classification (NAICS) code 
311600 (Animal Slaughtering and Processing) https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/naics4_311600.htm> Last Modified 3/31/2017 Accessed on 1/19/
2018.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The number of positions affected at each establishment depends on 
the establishment's size, slaughter volume, number of lines and shifts 
it operates, and days of operation. Large \3\ swine establishments are 
thought to dedicate from one to three full-time positions per line and 
per shift to comply with 9 CFR 310.11; while small \4\ high-volume \5\ 
establishments dedicate between one and two positions for the same 
purpose. Small low-volume and very small \6\ establishments are thought 
to dedicate between one quarter-time and one full-time position to 
compliance with this regulation. The Agency seeks comment on these 
labor-demand estimates.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \3\ A large establishment has 500 or more employees.
    \4\ A small establishment has between 10 and 499 employees.
    \5\ 9 CFR 310.25(a)(2)(v) defines very low volume swine 
slaughter establishments as slaughtering 20,000 head annually or 
fewer. For the purposes of this analysis, FSIS has labeled swine 
establishments that annually slaughter more than 20,000 head per 
year as high-volume establishments.
    \6\ A very small establishment has less than 10 employees or 
less than $2.5 million in annual sales.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    According to data from the Agency's electronic Public Health 
Inspection System (PHIS), 479 very small establishments, 54 small low-
volume establishments, 51 small high-volume establishments, and 23 \7\ 
large swine

[[Page 22606]]

establishments would be affected by this rule. This analysis takes into 
consideration the fact that some large and small high-volume 
establishments operate multiple lines and multiple shifts. This 
analysis assumes that all other establishments operate one line and one 
shift per day. Data from PHIS also show that, on average, large 
establishments annually operate 266 days, small high-volume 
establishments 239 days, small low-volume establishments 95 days, and 
very small establishments 67 days. The proposed rule is expected to 
lead to a reduction in industry positions at these establishments; see 
table 1. Table 2 provides the estimated labor cost savings from the 
proposed rule, given the expected labor costs, number of positions, and 
days of operation. The annual cost savings range from $5.27 million to 
$19.03 million, with a mid-point of $11.81 million.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \7\ While there are 28 large swine establishments, five are 
operating under waivers from 9 CFR 310.11 and are not expected to 
experience a decrease in their demand for labor resulting from 
implementation of this proposed rule.

                        Table 1--Estimated Industry Labor Reductions From Removing 310.11
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     Number of              Number of positions reduced
                   Size of est                    establishments -----------------------------------------------
                                                         *              Low           Medium           High
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Large...........................................              23              37              74             111
Small High Volume...............................              51              26              77             102
Small Low Volume................................              54              14              27              54
Very Small......................................             479             120             240             479
Combined........................................             607             196             417             746
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Public Health Information System (PHIS).


                          Table 2--Labor Wage Cost (Savings) From Removing 310.11, 2016
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                     Number of      Total annual labor costs (savings) (M$) **
                   Size of est                    establishments -----------------------------------------------
                                                         *              Low           Medium           High
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Large...........................................              23         ($2.06)         ($4.11)         ($6.17)
Small High Volume...............................              51          (1.27)          (3.82)          (5.09)
Small Low Volume................................              54           (.27)           (.54)          (1.07)
Very Small......................................             479          (1.68)          (3.35)           (6.7)
Combined........................................             612          (5.27)         (11.81)         (19.03)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 Annualized Costs (Savings), Over 10 Years (M$)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Assuming a 3% Discount Rate.....................................          (5.27)         (11.81)         (19.03)
Assuming a 7% Discount Rate.....................................          (5.27)         (11.81)         (19.03)
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Public Health Information System (PHIS).
** Wage estimates were sourced from BLS OES May 2016 National Industry-Specific Occupational Employment and Wage
  Estimates for NAICS code 311600 <https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/naics4_311600.htm> Last Modified 3/31/2017.
  Accessed on 1/19/2018.

Expected Costs Associated With This Action

    The proposed rule has no expected costs associated with it.

Expected Effects on Small Entities

    The FSIS Acting Administrator has made a preliminary determination 
that this proposed rule will not have a significant impact on a 
substantial number of small entities, as defined by the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601). The expected labor cost reductions 
associated with the proposed rule are not likely to be large enough to 
significantly impact an entity. Further, the proposed rule does not 
have any cost increases.

Executive Order 13771

    Consistent with E.O. 13771 (82 FR 9339, February 3, 2017), FSIS has 
estimated that this proposed rule would yield cost savings. Therefore, 
if finalized as proposed, this rule is expected to be an E.O. 13771 
deregulatory action.

Paperwork Reduction Act

    No new paperwork requirements are associated with this proposed 
rule.

Executive Order 12988

    This proposed rule has been reviewed under E.O. 12988, Civil 
Justice Reform. If this proposed rule is adopted: (1) All State and 
local laws and regulations that are inconsistent with this rule will be 
preempted; (2) No retroactive effect will be given to this rule; and 
(3) Administrative proceedings will not be required before parties may 
file suit in court challenging this rule.

E-Government Act

    FSIS and USDA are committed to achieving the purposes of the E-
Government Act (44 U.S.C. 3601, et seq.) by, among other things, 
promoting the use of the internet and other information technologies 
and providing increased opportunities for citizen access to Government 
information and services, and for other purposes.

Additional Public Notification

    FSIS will announce this proposal on-line through the FSIS web page 
located at: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/regulations_&_policies/Proposed_Rules/index.asp. FSIS also will make copies of this Federal 
Register publication available through the FSIS Constituent Update, 
which is used to provide information regarding FSIS policies, 
procedures, regulations, Federal Register notices, FSIS public 
meetings, and other types of information that could affect or would be 
of interest to our constituents and stakeholders. The Update is 
available on the FSIS web page. Through the web page, FSIS is able to 
provide information to a much broader, more diverse audience. In

[[Page 22607]]

addition, FSIS offers an email subscription service which provides 
automatic and customized access to selected food safety news and 
information. This service is available at: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/subscribe. Options range from recalls to export information, 
regulations, directives, and notices. Customers can add or delete 
subscriptions themselves, and have the option to password protect their 
accounts.

USDA Non-Discrimination Statement

    No agency, officer, or employee of the USDA, on the grounds of 
race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity, sexual 
orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, 
income derived from a public assistance program, or political beliefs, 
shall exclude from participation in, deny the benefits of, or subject 
to discrimination, any person in the United States under any program or 
activity conducted by the USDA.
How To File a Complaint of Discrimination
    To file a complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program 
Discrimination Complaint Form, which may be accessed online at http://www.ocio.usda.gov/sites/default/files/docs/2012/Complain_combined_6_8_12.pdf, or write a letter signed by you or your 
authorized representative.
    Send your completed complaint form or letter to USDA by mail, fax, 
or email: Mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Director, Office of 
Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410, 
Fax: (202) 690-7442, Email: [email protected].
    Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for 
communication (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.), should contact 
USDA's TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD).

List of Subjects in 9 CFR 310

    Animal diseases, Meat inspection.

    For the reasons set out in the preamble, FSIS is proposing to amend 
9 CFR part 310 as follows:

PART 310--POST-MORTEM INSPECTION

0
1. The authority citation for part 310 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 21 U.S.C. 601-695; 7 CFR 2.18, 2.53.


Sec.  310.11   [Removed and reserved]

0
2. Section 310.11 is removed and reserved.

    Done, at Washington, DC.
Paul Kiecker
Acting Administrator.
[FR Doc. 2018-10488 Filed 5-15-18; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 3410-DM-P



                                                  22604

                                                  Proposed Rules                                                                                                Federal Register
                                                                                                                                                                Vol. 83, No. 95

                                                                                                                                                                Wednesday, May 16, 2018



                                                  This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER                    Avenue SW, Mailstop 3758, Room 6065,                  establishments to develop and maintain
                                                  contains notices to the public of the proposed          Washington, DC 20250–3700.                            Hazard Analysis and Critical Control
                                                  issuance of rules and regulations. The                    • Hand- or courier-delivered                        Point (HACCP) plans and Sanitation
                                                  purpose of these notices is to give interested          submittals: Deliver to 1400                           Standard Operating Procedures
                                                  persons an opportunity to participate in the            Independence Avenue SW, Room 6065,                    (Sanitation SOPs).
                                                  rule making prior to the adoption of the final                                                                   Among the post-mortem inspection
                                                  rules.
                                                                                                          Washington, DC 20250–3700.
                                                                                                            Instructions: All items submitted by                regulations is one titled ‘‘Cleaning of
                                                                                                          mail or electronic mail must include the              hog carcasses before incising’’ (9 CFR
                                                  DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE                               Agency name and docket number FSIS–                   310.11). This regulation states, ‘‘All
                                                                                                          2018–0005. Comments received in                       hair, scurf, and dirt, including all hoofs
                                                  Food Safety and Inspection Service                      response to this docket will be made                  and claws, shall be removed from hog
                                                                                                          available for public inspection and                   carcasses and the carcasses thoroughly
                                                  9 CFR Part 310                                          posted without change, including any                  washed and cleaned, before any incision
                                                                                                          personal information, to http://                      is made for inspection or evisceration.’’
                                                  [Docket No. FSIS–2018–0005]                             www.regulations.gov.                                  The carcass cleaning that the regulation
                                                                                                            Docket: For access to background                    is referring to typically begins in an
                                                  RIN: 0583–AD68
                                                                                                          documents or comments received, call                  official slaughter establishment after
                                                  Eliminating Unnecessary                                 (202)720–5627 to schedule a time to                   stunning, bleeding, and scalding, and
                                                  Requirements for Hog Carcass                            visit the FSIS Docket Room at 1400                    continues after gambrelling 1 and
                                                  Cleaning                                                Independence Avenue SW, Room 6065,                    singeing, along with trimming of jowls,
                                                                                                          Washington, DC 20250–3700.                            lips, and eyelids, but before dropping of
                                                  AGENCY:  Food Safety and Inspection                     FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:                      the head. This regulation has helped to
                                                  Service, USDA.                                          Roberta Wagner, Assistant                             ensure that carcasses are clean when
                                                  ACTION: Proposed rule.                                  Administrator, Office of Policy and                   presented for post-mortem inspection.
                                                                                                          Program Development, FSIS; Telephone:                    Another post-mortem-inspection
                                                  SUMMARY:    The Food Safety and                         (202) 205–0495.                                       regulation, 9 CFR 310.18, on
                                                  Inspection Service (FSIS) is proposing                                                                        ‘‘Contamination of carcasses, organs, or
                                                                                                          SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
                                                  to amend the Federal meat inspection                                                                          other parts,’’ addresses the prevention
                                                  regulations by removing the provision                   Background                                            and removal of contamination from
                                                  requiring the cleaning of hog carcasses                                                                       carcasses (before or after incision),
                                                                                                             Under the Federal Meat Inspection
                                                  before any incision is made preceding                                                                         organs, and other parts. Under this
                                                                                                          Act (21 U.S.C. 601–695), FSIS carries
                                                  evisceration. This provision, although                                                                        regulation, any contamination
                                                                                                          out an inspection program to ensure that
                                                  focusing on the presentation of carcass                                                                       remaining post-incision or post-
                                                                                                          carcasses, parts, and products of
                                                  dressing defects, impedes the adoption                                                                        evisceration is removed.
                                                                                                          amenable species of livestock are                        Regulations on Sanitation SOPs (9
                                                  of more efficient, effective procedures
                                                                                                          wholesome, not adulterated, and                       CFR 304.3, 416.12–17) require
                                                  under other regulations to ensure that
                                                                                                          properly marked, labeled and packaged.                establishments to have written
                                                  carcasses and parts are free of
                                                                                                          Among other provisions of the Act is a                procedures to ensure sanitary operating
                                                  contamination. Also, the provision is no
                                                                                                          requirement for post-mortem inspection                conditions that will prevent
                                                  longer necessary because other
                                                                                                          of livestock carcasses, including swine               contamination and adulteration of
                                                  regulations require carcass cleaning, the
                                                                                                          carcasses (21 U.S.C. 604). This                       products. The HACCP regulations (9
                                                  maintenance of sanitary conditions, and
                                                                                                          inspection must be completed before the               CFR 304.3, and 417, particularly 9 CFR
                                                  the prevention of hazards reasonably
                                                                                                          carcasses or the meat or meat food                    417.2, and 417.4) require establishments
                                                  likely to occur in the slaughter process.
                                                                                                          products derived from them are moved                  to have HACCP plans to prevent or
                                                  DATES: Comments must be received by                     to further processing (21 U.S.C. 605) and             reduce to acceptable levels any hazards
                                                  July 16, 2018.                                          preparation for commerce (also under                  reasonably likely to occur. These
                                                  ADDRESSES: FSIS invites interested                      inspection) (21 U.S.C. 606(a)).                       include any contamination hazards that
                                                  persons to submit comments on FSIS–                        Under the Act, the Agency may                      are not already minimized through the
                                                  2018–0005. Comments may be                              prescribe rules and regulations of                    implementation of Sanitation SOPs or
                                                  submitted by one of the following                       sanitation under which establishments                 other prerequisite programs. FSIS and
                                                  methods:                                                must be maintained (21 U.S.C. 608).                   members of the regulated industry have
                                                     • Federal eRulemaking Portal: This                   More generally, the Agency may issue                  found that the regulation on cleaning
                                                  website provides the ability to type                    rules and regulations necessary for the               hog carcasses before incising, 9 CFR
                                                  short comments directly into the                        efficient execution of the Act’s                      310.11, may impede the application of
                                                  comment field on this web page or                       provisions (21 U.S.C. 621).                           alternative, more efficient, procedures
nshattuck on DSK9F9SC42PROD with PROPOSALS




                                                  attach a file for lengthier comments. Go                   Accordingly, FSIS and its                          for removing hair, scurf, and dirt after
                                                  to http://www.regulations.gov. Follow                   predecessors have issued regulations                  the first incision preceding the dropping
                                                  the on-line instructions at that site for               governing inspection. The regulations                 of the head and evisceration.
                                                  submitting comments.                                    include post-mortem inspection                           Because the current regulation is
                                                     • Mail, including CD–ROMs, etc.:                     requirements, criteria for determining                prescriptive and requires dehairing
                                                  Send to Docket Clerk, U.S. Department                   whether or not meat or meat food
                                                  of Agriculture, Food Safety and                         products are adulterated, and                            1 Suspending the carcass by the legs from a metal

                                                  Inspection Service, 1400 Independence                   requirements for inspected                            frame or hanger—a gambrel.



                                             VerDate Sep<11>2014   15:33 May 15, 2018   Jkt 244001   PO 00000   Frm 00001   Fmt 4702   Sfmt 4702   E:\FR\FM\16MYP1.SGM   16MYP1


                                                                         Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 95 / Wednesday, May 16, 2018 / Proposed Rules                                                    22605

                                                  before evisceration, the establishment                  or other procedures to remove any                     Economic Analysis
                                                  has limited flexibility. Removing the                   defects during the stages of slaughter                Expected Cost Savings and Benefits
                                                  regulation will enable an establishment                 and further processing that follow                    Associated With the Proposed Rule
                                                  to remove hair, scurf, nails, and hooves                evisceration. They can make their
                                                  at other points in the process and to do                operations more efficient and effective                  This proposed rule is expected to
                                                  so in a way that may prove to be more                   without compromising food safety.                     reduce swine slaughter labor costs by
                                                  efficient. For example, removing hair                   Therefore, these other regulations, and               approximately $11.81 million annually.
                                                  from the snout when the snout is on a                   establishment compliance therewith,                   These savings are due to industry’s
                                                  table, beyond the point where the first                 make 9 CFR 310.11 unnecessary.                        practice of dedicating labor pre-incision,
                                                  incision is made, and the snout is also                   FSIS is therefore proposing to remove               solely to comply with 310.11. Under the
                                                  not moving on the line is more efficient                9 CFR 310.11 from the regulations.                    proposed rule, this labor would no
                                                  than trying to remove the hair on a                                                                           longer be needed because the work can
                                                                                                          Modernization of Swine Slaughter                      be accomplished by existing labor
                                                  moving carcass with the head still                      Inspection
                                                  attached.                                                                                                     located post-incision. FSIS’s labor cost
                                                     These more efficient procedures also                    On February 1, 2018, FSIS proposed                 savings estimate assumes that the labor
                                                  ensure that carcasses will be free of                   a new regulation to modernize swine                   affected by the proposed rule is
                                                  contamination when moved within an                      inspection (83 FR 4780). Among other                  equivalent to that in the Bureau of Labor
                                                  establishment to, or shipped in                         things, in this rule, FSIS is proposing to            Statistics’ (BLS’s) slaughtering and
                                                  commerce for, further processing. The                   require that all official swine slaughter             meat-packing occupational category, for
                                                  alternative procedures can be                           establishments develop, implement, and                which the industry annual wage is
                                                  incorporated in a prerequisite program                  maintain in their HACCP systems                       $27,140.2 The Agency seeks comment
                                                  aimed at preventing contamination.                      written procedures to prevent the                     on this assumption. Applying a benefits-
                                                  When executed and documented, the                       contamination of carcasses and parts by               and-overhead factor of 2 brings this
                                                  program can support an establishment’s                  enteric pathogens, fecal material,                    occupation’s total annual labor costs per
                                                  hazard analysis (as per 9 CFR                           ingesta, and milk throughout the entire               position to $54,280 ($27,140 × 2).
                                                  417.5(a)(1)) and HACCP plan. At times,                  slaughter and dressing operation. These                  The number of positions affected at
                                                  the Agency has, under an exemption                      procedures must include sampling and                  each establishment depends on the
                                                  regulation, at 9 CFR 303.1(h), granted                  analysis for microbial organisms to                   establishment’s size, slaughter volume,
                                                  waivers from the requirements of 9 CFR                  monitor process control for enteric                   number of lines and shifts it operates,
                                                  310.11 to permit the use of the                         pathogens, as well as written procedures              and days of operation. Large 3 swine
                                                  alternative procedures.                                 to prevent visible fecal material, ingesta,           establishments are thought to dedicate
                                                     For example, carcass defects and                     and milk contamination. In addition,                  from one to three full-time positions per
                                                  blemishes too small to be detected                      FSIS is proposing to require that all                 line and per shift to comply with 9 CFR
                                                  during slaughter can be removed during                  official swine slaughter establishments               310.11; while small 4 high-volume 5
                                                  off-line inspection or during further                   develop, implement, and maintain in                   establishments dedicate between one
                                                  processing. So, some establishments are                 their HACCP systems written                           and two positions for the same purpose.
                                                  using alternative procedures for                        procedures to prevent contamination of                Small low-volume and very small 6
                                                  removing, after carcass dressing, hairs                 the pre-operational environment by                    establishments are thought to dedicate
                                                  that are not readily visible. Such defects              enteric pathogens. Therefore, in the                  between one quarter-time and one full-
                                                  may be regarded as finished carcass                     modernization proposed rule, FSIS is                  time position to compliance with this
                                                  defects and not as contamination or                     proposing additional requirements that,               regulation. The Agency seeks comment
                                                  sanitary dressing defects. Singed                       if finalized, will further prevent                    on these labor-demand estimates.
                                                  eyelashes remaining on the carcass or                   contamination of swine carcasses. If                     According to data from the Agency’s
                                                  isolated, individual, hairs on the head                 finalized, this rule would provide more               electronic Public Health Inspection
                                                  or face of the ham may be found after                   support for eliminating section 310.11,               System (PHIS), 479 very small
                                                  the first incision. Such defects may be                 as is proposed above.                                 establishments, 54 small low-volume
                                                  removed effectively when pulling the                                                                          establishments, 51 small high-volume
                                                                                                          Executive Orders 12866 and 13563, and
                                                  snout and when ‘‘facing’’ (trimming the                                                                       establishments, and 23 7 large swine
                                                                                                          the Regulatory Flexibility Act
                                                  excess fat along the inside surfaces of)
                                                  hams in the cutting room, where                            Executive Orders 12866 and 13563                      2 BLS Occupational Employment Statistics (OES)

                                                  carcasses are broken down in a sanitary                 direct agencies to assess all costs and               May 2016 National Industry-Specific Occupational
                                                                                                          benefits of available regulatory                      Employment and Wage Estimates for North
                                                  manner into standard wholesale or retail                                                                      American Industrial Classification (NAICS) code
                                                  cuts. Remaining hoofs and claws (i.e.,                  alternatives and, if regulation is                    311600 (Animal Slaughtering and Processing)
                                                  nails) can be removed after the first                   necessary, to select regulatory                       https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/naics4_
                                                  incision or later in processing when feet               approaches that maximize net benefits                 311600.htm> Last Modified 3/31/2017 Accessed on
                                                                                                          (including potential economic,                        1/19/2018.
                                                  are discarded or not saved for food in                                                                           3 A large establishment has 500 or more
                                                  the cutting room. FSIS has found the                    environmental, public health and safety               employees.
                                                  performance of establishments using the                 benefits, distributive impacts, and                      4 A small establishment has between 10 and 499

                                                  alternative procedures to be satisfactory.              equity). Executive Order (E.O.) 13563                 employees.
                                                     Establishments using the alternatives                emphasizes the importance of                             5 9 CFR 310.25(a)(2)(v) defines very low volume

                                                  are listed on the FSIS website at: https://             quantifying both costs and benefits, of               swine slaughter establishments as slaughtering
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                                                                                                                                                                20,000 head annually or fewer. For the purposes of
                                                  www.fsis.usda.gov/wps/wcm/connect/                      reducing costs, of harmonizing rules,                 this analysis, FSIS has labeled swine establishments
                                                  188bf583-45c9-4837-9205-                                and of promoting flexibility. This                    that annually slaughter more than 20,000 head per
                                                  37e0eb1ba243/Waiver_                                    proposed rule has been designated as a                year as high-volume establishments.
                                                  Table.pdf?MOD=AJPERES                                   ‘‘non-significant’’ regulatory action                    6 A very small establishment has less than 10

                                                     By relying on the authority of 9 CFR                 under section 3(f) of E.O. 12866.                     employees or less than $2.5 million in annual sales.
                                                                                                                                                                   7 While there are 28 large swine establishments,
                                                  310.18 and the Sanitation SOP and                       Accordingly, the rule has not been                    five are operating under waivers from 9 CFR 310.11
                                                  HACCP regulations, establishments                       reviewed by the Office of Management                  and are not expected to experience a decrease in
                                                  have the flexibility to implement these                 and Budget (OMB) under E.O. 12866.                                                               Continued




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                                                  22606                            Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 95 / Wednesday, May 16, 2018 / Proposed Rules

                                                  establishments would be affected by this                                    also show that, on average, large                               establishments; see table 1. Table 2
                                                  rule. This analysis takes into                                              establishments annually operate 266                             provides the estimated labor cost
                                                  consideration the fact that some large                                      days, small high-volume establishments                          savings from the proposed rule, given
                                                  and small high-volume establishments                                        239 days, small low-volume                                      the expected labor costs, number of
                                                  operate multiple lines and multiple                                         establishments 95 days, and very small                          positions, and days of operation. The
                                                  shifts. This analysis assumes that all                                      establishments 67 days. The proposed                            annual cost savings range from $5.27
                                                  other establishments operate one line                                       rule is expected to lead to a reduction                         million to $19.03 million, with a mid-
                                                  and one shift per day. Data from PHIS                                       in industry positions at these                                  point of $11.81 million.

                                                                                         TABLE 1—ESTIMATED INDUSTRY LABOR REDUCTIONS FROM REMOVING 310.11
                                                                                                                                                                           Number of                   Number of positions reduced
                                                                                                    Size of est                                                            establish-
                                                                                                                                                                            ments *             Low              Medium              High

                                                  Large ................................................................................................................              23                  37             74                 111
                                                  Small High Volume ..........................................................................................                        51                  26             77                 102
                                                  Small Low Volume ...........................................................................................                        54                  14             27                  54
                                                  Very Small .......................................................................................................                 479                 120            240                 479
                                                  Combined .........................................................................................................                 607                 196            417                 746
                                                     * Public Health Information System (PHIS).

                                                                                              TABLE 2—LABOR WAGE COST (SAVINGS) FROM REMOVING 310.11, 2016
                                                                                                                                                                                                  Total annual labor costs (savings)
                                                                                                                                                                           Number of                            (M$) **
                                                                                                    Size of est                                                            establish-
                                                                                                                                                                            ments *             Low              Medium              High

                                                  Large ................................................................................................................              23           ($2.06)           ($4.11)           ($6.17)
                                                  Small High Volume ..........................................................................................                        51            (1.27)            (3.82)            (5.09)
                                                  Small Low Volume ...........................................................................................                        54             (.27)             (.54)            (1.07)
                                                  Very Small .......................................................................................................                 479            (1.68)            (3.35)             (6.7)
                                                  Combined .........................................................................................................                 612            (5.27)           (11.81)           (19.03)

                                                                                                                          Annualized Costs (Savings), Over 10 Years (M$)

                                                  Assuming a 3% Discount Rate ....................................................................................................                     (5.27)        (11.81)           (19.03)
                                                  Assuming a 7% Discount Rate ....................................................................................................                     (5.27)        (11.81)           (19.03)
                                                   * Public Health Information System (PHIS).
                                                   ** Wage estimates were sourced from BLS OES May 2016 National Industry-Specific Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates for
                                                  NAICS code 311600 <https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/naics4_311600.htm> Last Modified 3/31/2017. Accessed on 1/19/2018.


                                                  Expected Costs Associated With This                                         as proposed, this rule is expected to be                        information technologies and providing
                                                  Action                                                                      an E.O. 13771 deregulatory action.                              increased opportunities for citizen
                                                                                                                                                                                              access to Government information and
                                                    The proposed rule has no expected                                         Paperwork Reduction Act
                                                                                                                                                                                              services, and for other purposes.
                                                  costs associated with it.                                                     No new paperwork requirements are
                                                  Expected Effects on Small Entities                                          associated with this proposed rule.                             Additional Public Notification

                                                    The FSIS Acting Administrator has                                         Executive Order 12988                                              FSIS will announce this proposal on-
                                                  made a preliminary determination that                                          This proposed rule has been reviewed                         line through the FSIS web page located
                                                  this proposed rule will not have a                                          under E.O. 12988, Civil Justice Reform.                         at: http://www.fsis.usda.gov/
                                                  significant impact on a substantial                                         If this proposed rule is adopted: (1) All                       regulations_&_policies/Proposed_Rules/
                                                  number of small entities, as defined by                                     State and local laws and regulations that                       index.asp. FSIS also will make copies of
                                                  the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C.                                    are inconsistent with this rule will be                         this Federal Register publication
                                                  601). The expected labor cost reductions                                    preempted; (2) No retroactive effect will                       available through the FSIS Constituent
                                                  associated with the proposed rule are                                       be given to this rule; and (3)                                  Update, which is used to provide
                                                  not likely to be large enough to                                            Administrative proceedings will not be                          information regarding FSIS policies,
                                                  significantly impact an entity. Further,                                    required before parties may file suit in                        procedures, regulations, Federal
                                                  the proposed rule does not have any                                         court challenging this rule.                                    Register notices, FSIS public meetings,
                                                  cost increases.                                                                                                                             and other types of information that
                                                                                                                              E-Government Act                                                could affect or would be of interest to
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                                                  Executive Order 13771
                                                                                                                                FSIS and USDA are committed to                                our constituents and stakeholders. The
                                                    Consistent with E.O. 13771 (82 FR                                         achieving the purposes of the E-                                Update is available on the FSIS web
                                                  9339, February 3, 2017), FSIS has                                           Government Act (44 U.S.C. 3601, et                              page. Through the web page, FSIS is
                                                  estimated that this proposed rule would                                     seq.) by, among other things, promoting                         able to provide information to a much
                                                  yield cost savings. Therefore, if finalized                                 the use of the internet and other                               broader, more diverse audience. In


                                                  their demand for labor resulting from
                                                  implementation of this proposed rule.


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                                                                         Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 95 / Wednesday, May 16, 2018 / Proposed Rules                                                  22607

                                                  addition, FSIS offers an email                            Done, at Washington, DC.                              Dated: May 10, 2018.
                                                  subscription service which provides                     Paul Kiecker                                          Sterling J. Rideout,
                                                  automatic and customized access to                      Acting Administrator.                                 Assistant Director, Program Support.
                                                  selected food safety news and                           [FR Doc. 2018–10488 Filed 5–15–18; 8:45 am]           [FR Doc. 2018–10485 Filed 5–15–18; 8:45 am]
                                                  information. This service is available at:              BILLING CODE 3410–DM–P                                BILLING CODE 4310–05–P
                                                  http://www.fsis.usda.gov/subscribe.
                                                  Options range from recalls to export
                                                  information, regulations, directives, and                                                                     DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR
                                                  notices. Customers can add or delete                    DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
                                                  subscriptions themselves, and have the                                                                        Office of Surface Mining Reclamation
                                                  option to password protect their                        Office of Surface Mining Reclamation                  and Enforcement
                                                  accounts.                                               and Enforcement
                                                                                                                                                                30 CFR Part 938
                                                  USDA Non-Discrimination Statement
                                                                                                          30 CFR Part 938
                                                    No agency, officer, or employee of the                                                                      [SATS No. PA–165–FOR; Docket ID: OSM–
                                                                                                                                                                2016–0013; S1D1S SS08011000 SX064A000
                                                  USDA, on the grounds of race, color,                    [PA–166–FOR; Docket ID: OSM–2017–0008                 189S180110; S2D2S SS08011000
                                                  national origin, religion, sex, gender                  S1D1S SS08011000 SX064A000                            SX064A000 18XS501520]
                                                  identity, sexual orientation, disability,               189S180110; S2D2S SS08011000
                                                  age, marital status, family/parental                    SX064A000 18XS501520]                                 Pennsylvania Abandoned Mine Land
                                                  status, income derived from a public                                                                          Reclamation Program
                                                  assistance program, or political beliefs,               Pennsylvania Regulatory Program;
                                                  shall exclude from participation in,                    Correction                                            AGENCY:   Office of Surface Mining
                                                  deny the benefits of, or subject to                                                                           Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE),
                                                  discrimination, any person in the                       AGENCY:   Office of Surface Mining                    Interior.
                                                  United States under any program or                      Reclamation and Enforcement (OSMRE),                  ACTION: Proposed rule; public comment
                                                  activity conducted by the USDA.                         Interior.                                             period and opportunity for public
                                                                                                          ACTION:   Proposed rule; correction.                  hearing on proposed amendment.
                                                  How To File a Complaint of
                                                  Discrimination                                                                                                SUMMARY:   We, the Office of Surface
                                                                                                          SUMMARY:  We, the Office of Surface                   Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
                                                     To file a complaint of discrimination,               Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
                                                  complete the USDA Program                                                                                     (OSMRE), are announcing receipt of a
                                                                                                          published a document in the Federal                   proposed amendment to the
                                                  Discrimination Complaint Form, which                    Register on May 8, 2018, reopening the
                                                  may be accessed online at http://                                                                             Pennsylvania Abandoned Mine Land
                                                                                                          comment period and announcing a                       Reclamation (AMLR) Plan (hereinafter,
                                                  www.ocio.usda.gov/sites/default/files/                  public hearing on an amendment to the
                                                  docs/2012/Complain_combined_6_8_                                                                              the Plan) under the Surface Mining
                                                                                                          Pennsylvania Regulatory Program. The                  Control and Reclamation Act of 1977
                                                  12.pdf, or write a letter signed by you                 document contained an incorrect date
                                                  or your authorized representative.                                                                            (SMCRA or the Act). Through this
                                                                                                          for the public hearing.                               proposed amendment, Pennsylvania
                                                     Send your completed complaint form                                                                         would modify its AMLR Plan by adding
                                                  or letter to USDA by mail, fax, or email:               FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:   Mr.
                                                                                                          Ben Owens, Chief, Pittsburgh Field                    Reclamation Plan Amendment No. 3, to
                                                  Mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture,                                                                         allow the Pennsylvania Department of
                                                  Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400                  Division, Telephone: (412) 937–2827.
                                                                                                          Email: bowens@osmre.gov.                              Environmental Protection (PADEP) to
                                                  Independence Avenue SW, Washington,                                                                           administer a State Emergency Program
                                                  DC 20250–9410, Fax: (202) 690–7442,                     Correction                                            under Title IV of the Surface Mining
                                                  Email: program.intake@usda.gov.                                                                               Control and Reclamation Act of 1977.
                                                     Persons with disabilities who require                  In the proposed rule of May 8, 2018,
                                                                                                                                                                The plan covers coordination of
                                                  alternative means for communication                     in FR Doc. 2018–09767, on page 20774
                                                                                                                                                                emergency reclamation work between
                                                  (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.),                in the third column, correct the DATES
                                                                                                                                                                the Commonwealth and the OSMRE as
                                                  should contact USDA’s TARGET Center                     caption to read:
                                                                                                                                                                well as procedures for implementing the
                                                  at (202) 720–2600 (voice and TDD).                      DATES: We will accept written comments                National Environmental Policy Act and
                                                                                                          until 4 p.m., Eastern Standard Time (EST),            other Commonwealth procedures.
                                                  List of Subjects in 9 CFR 310                           June 7, 2018. The public hearing will be held            This document gives the locations
                                                                                                          on May 17, 2018, from 5:30 p.m. until 7:30
                                                      Animal diseases, Meat inspection.                                                                         and times where the Pennsylvania
                                                                                                          p.m. EST.
                                                    For the reasons set out in the                                                                              AMLR Plan documents and this
                                                  preamble, FSIS is proposing to amend 9                  Correction                                            proposed amendment to that Plan are
                                                  CFR part 310 as follows:                                                                                      available for your inspection,
                                                                                                            In the proposed rule of May 8, 2018,                establishes the comment period during
                                                                                                          in FR Doc. 2018–09767, on page 20775                  which you may submit written
                                                  PART 310—POST-MORTEM
                                                                                                          in the first column, correct the ‘‘Public             comments on the amendment, and
                                                  INSPECTION
                                                                                                          Hearing’’ caption to read:                            describes the procedures we will follow
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                                                  ■ 1. The authority citation for part 310                  Public Hearing: The public hearing will be          for the public hearing, if one is
                                                  continues to read as follows:                           held at the Double Tree by Hilton Pittsburgh-         requested.
                                                                                                          Green Tree, 500 Mansfield Avenue,
                                                    Authority: 21 U.S.C. 601–695; 7 CFR 2.18,             Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15205; phone                 DATES: We will accept written
                                                  2.53.                                                   number: 412–922–8400, on Thursday, May                comments on this amendment until 4:00
                                                                                                          17, 2018, from 5:30 p.m. to 7:30 p.m. EST.            p.m., Eastern Standard Time (e.s.t.),
                                                  § 310.11   [Removed and reserved]
                                                                                                          Those wishing to provide oral testimony               June 15, 2018. If requested, we will hold
                                                  ■ 2. Section 310.11 is removed and                      need to register between 5:00 p.m. and 5:30           a public hearing about the amendment
                                                  reserved.                                               p.m.                                                  on June 11, 2018. We will accept


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Document Created: 2018-11-02 09:13:21
Document Modified: 2018-11-02 09:13:21
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionProposed Rules
ActionProposed rule.
DatesComments must be received by July 16, 2018.
ContactRoberta Wagner, Assistant Administrator, Office of Policy and Program Development, FSIS; Telephone: (202) 205-0495.
FR Citation83 FR 22604 

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