83_FR_36801 83 FR 36655 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; ICE Clear Credit LLC; Order Approving Proposed Rule Change Relating To Formalization of the ICC Model Validation Framework

83 FR 36655 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; ICE Clear Credit LLC; Order Approving Proposed Rule Change Relating To Formalization of the ICC Model Validation Framework

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Federal Register Volume 83, Issue 146 (July 30, 2018)

Page Range36655-36658
FR Document2018-16164

Federal Register, Volume 83 Issue 146 (Monday, July 30, 2018)
[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 146 (Monday, July 30, 2018)]
[Notices]
[Pages 36655-36658]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2018-16164]


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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

[Release No. 34-83690; File No. SR-ICC-2018-004]


Self-Regulatory Organizations; ICE Clear Credit LLC; Order 
Approving Proposed Rule Change Relating To Formalization of the ICC 
Model Validation Framework

July 24, 2018.

I. Introduction

    On May 23, 2018, ICE Clear Credit LLC (``ICC'') filed with the 
Securities and Exchange Commission (``Commission''), pursuant to 
Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (``Act''),\1\ 
and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\2\ a proposed rule change to formalize the 
ICC Model Validation Framework. The proposed rule change was published 
in the Federal Register on June 12, 2018.\3\ The Commission has not 
received any comments on the proposed rule change. For the reasons 
discussed below, the Commission is approving the proposed rule change.
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    \1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
    \2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
    \3\ Securities Exchange Act Release No. 34-83386 (June 6, 2018), 
83 FR 27360 (June 12, 2018) (SR-ICC-2018-004) (``Notice'').
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II. Description of the Proposed Rule Change

    The proposed rule change would formalize the ICC Model Validation 
Framework (``Framework''), which sets forth ICC's model validation 
procedures.\4\ Through the use of these model validation procedures, 
ICC determines the effectiveness of the risk models underpinning ICC's 
risk management system, considers new components and enhancements to 
existing components of the risk models, and monitors and validates on 
an ongoing basis the risk models. The Framework also describes the 
personnel responsible for, and the governance process associated with, 
the successful operation and maintenance of the model validation 
procedures. Specifically, the Framework designates ICC's Risk Oversight 
Officer (``ROO'') as the Framework owner and makes the ROO responsible 
to the ICC President for the successful operation and maintenance of 
the Framework.\5\
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    \4\ Notice, 83 FR at 27361. Capitalized terms used herein but 
not otherwise defined have the meaning set forth in the Framework 
and ICE Clear Europe rulebook, which is available at https://www.theice.com/clear-europe/regulation#rulebook.
    \5\ Notice, 83 FR at 27361.
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    ICC has a proprietary risk management system that uses models to 
assess the risk of the credit default swap-based portfolios that ICC 
clears. ICC uses its risk management system to determine the 
appropriate Initial Margin and Guaranty Fund requirements that offset 
the risks of the credit default swap-based portfolios ICC clears. The 
risk management system is composed of risk model components (``Model 
Components''), which employ a combination of statistical analysis of 
credit spread time series and stress test simulation scenarios to 
address different sources of risk. These sources of risk addressed by 
the Model Components constitute the foundation of total Initial Margin 
and Guaranty Fund requirements for the credit default swap-based 
portfolios that ICC clears.\6\
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    \6\ Id.
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    The Framework considers both new Model Components and enhancements 
to existing Model Components (collectively, ``Model Change''). New 
Model Components consider sources of risk that are not currently 
included in the risk management system.\7\ Enhancements to existing 
Model Components improve upon the methodologies already used by the 
risk management system to consider a given source or sources of 
risk.\8\ The Framework classifies Model Changes as either Materiality A 
or Materiality B, depending on how substantially the Model Change 
affects the risk management system's assessment of risk for the related 
source or sources of risk.\9\ Materiality A Model Changes substantially 
affect the risk management system's assessment of risk for the related 
source or sources of risk. Materiality B Model Changes do not 
substantially affect the risk management system's assessment of risk 
for the related source or sources of risk. The Framework requires that 
the ICC Chief Risk Officer (``CRO'') and the ROO review and determine 
which enhancements to the risk management system qualify as Model 
Changes and classify Model Changes as Materiality A or B.\10\ The 
Framework requires that the ICC Risk Committee review the materiality 
classifications and provide feedback as necessary.\11\ The Framework 
also describes the Model Inventory which is maintained by the ICC Risk 
Department and which contains key information about all Model 
Components and Model Changes.\12\ The Framework requires that the ICC 
ROO review the model

[[Page 36656]]

inventory at least quarterly to ensure that it contains accurate and up 
to date information relating to Model Components and Model Changes.\13\
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    \7\ Id.
    \8\ Notice, 83 FR at 27361.
    \9\ Id.
    \10\ Id.
    \11\ Id.
    \12\ Id.
    \13\ Id.
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    To assure the effectiveness of ICC's risk management system, the 
Framework employs four controls: Initial validation; ongoing monitoring 
and validation; investigation; and independent periodic review.\14\ 
Before going live with any Model Change, the Framework requires an 
initial validation of the conceptual soundness of the methodology and 
the proposed ongoing monitoring and validation approach.\15\ In 
addition, the Framework subjects Materiality A Model Changes to an 
additional independent initial validation.\16\
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    \14\ Notice, 83 FR at 27361.
    \15\ Id.
    \16\ Id.
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    Ongoing monitoring and validation provides assurances that ICC has 
appropriately configured and calibrated the risk management system, 
including any recent Model Change, and that the risk management system 
is achieving the desired level of performance.\17\ Ongoing monitoring 
and validation consists of three areas: Parameter setting, execution 
monitoring, and outcome analysis.\18\ Through execution monitoring ICC 
reviews on a daily basis the changes generated by its risk management 
system and explains them in relation to known changes in cleared 
portfolios, prices, and market conditions.
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    \17\ Id.
    \18\ Id.
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    If ongoing monitoring and validation identifies features of the 
risk management system that might indicate weakness in a Model 
Component, the Framework requires ICC to investigate and identify the 
root cause.\19\ If weakness in a Model Component is discovered during 
investigation, the Framework requires the ICC CRO to inform the ICC 
Risk Committee of the results of the investigation.\20\ ICC must then 
remediate the identified weakness through an appropriate Model Change, 
which passes through the required steps of the Framework starting with 
an Initial validation.\21\
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    \19\ Notice, 83 FR at 27361.
    \20\ Id.
    \21\ Id.
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    The Framework sets forth the process for selecting independent 
validators and describes the independent validator criteria, including 
technical expertise and independence requirements. The Framework 
requires that the ICC CRO provide support and information to allow the 
independent validators to perform periodic reviews of all Model 
Components and related practices at least once in every calendar 
year.\22\ At ICC's choosing, the scope of an independent periodic 
review may cover all Model Components used by the risk management 
system, or a subset of Model Components, as long as all Model 
Components are included in one or more independent periodic reviews 
each year.\23\ The independent periodic review must demonstrate that 
the Model Components remain fit for purpose; that the assumptions 
associated with the Model Components are still valid; that ICC has 
adequately addressed any open items of medium priority \24\ from Model 
Change initial validations and any other implementation conditions; and 
that ICC has been complying with its ongoing monitoring and validation 
requirements and the Model Components are performing without any 
significant weakness.\25\ The ICC CRO must present the periodic review 
to the ICC Risk Committee and describe ICC's plans in relation to any 
open high or medium priority items in the report.\26\
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    \22\ Id.
    \23\ Id.
    \24\ The Framework defines as medium priority those items that 
reflect deficiencies in the Model Components, assumptions, usage, or 
compliance with stated procedures that create risks that ICC can 
mitigate with viable workarounds until it remediates them fully, 
within a reasonable timeframe agreed with the Risk Committee.
    \25\ Notice, 83 FR at 27361.
    \26\ Id.
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III. Discussion and Commission Findings

    Section 19(b)(2)(C) of the Act directs the Commission to approve a 
proposed rule change of a self-regulatory organization if it finds that 
such proposed rule change is consistent with the requirements of the 
Act and the rules and regulations thereunder applicable to such 
organization.\27\ For the reasons given below, the Commission finds 
that the proposal is consistent with Section 17A(b)(3)(F) of the Act 
\28\ and Rules 17Ad-22(b)(2), 17Ad-22(b)(3), 17Ad-22(b)(4), and 17Ad-
22(d)(8) thereunder.\29\
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    \27\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2)(C).
    \28\ 15 U.S.C. 78q-1(b)(3)(F).
    \29\ 17 CFR 240.17Ad-22(b)(2)-(4), (d)(8).
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A. Consistency With Section 17A(b)(3)(F) of the Act

    Section 17A(b)(3)(F) of the Act requires, among other things, that 
the rules of ICC be designed to promote the prompt and accurate 
clearance and settlement of securities transactions and, to the extent 
applicable, derivative agreements, contracts, and transactions, as well 
as to assure the safeguarding of securities and funds which are in the 
custody or control of ICC or for which it is responsible, and, in 
general, to protect investors and the public interest.\30\
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    \30\ 15 U.S.C. 78q-1(b)(3)(F).
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    As described above, the Framework would provide a process for 
reviewing and enhancing ICC's risk management system. The Framework 
would also designate the personnel responsible for, and the governance 
process associated with, the successful operation and maintenance of 
the model validation procedures and would set forth the process and 
criteria for selecting independent validators.
    Taken together, the Commission believes these aspects of the 
Framework would help ensure that ICC's risk management system 
appropriately and effectively addresses the risks associated with 
clearing security based swap-related portfolios by providing ICC a 
means for reviewing and enhancing the risk management system as needed. 
In providing for independent validators, the Commission believes the 
Framework would help ensure that ICC receives unbiased and objective 
views regarding its risk management system, which would improve such 
review and enhancement. The Commission believes that both of these 
aspects of the Framework would improve the effectiveness of ICC's risk 
management system, thereby improving ICC's ability to manage the risks 
associated with clearing security based swap-related portfolios. Given 
that mismanagement of the risks associated with clearing security based 
swap-related portfolios could cause ICC to realize losses on such 
portfolios and disrupt ICC's ability to promptly and accurately clear 
security based swap transactions, the Commission believes that the 
Framework would promote the prompt and accurate clearance and 
settlement of securities transactions. Similarly, given that 
mismanagement of the risks associated with clearing security based 
swap-related portfolios could cause ICC to realize losses on such 
portfolios and threaten ICC's ability to operate, thereby threatening 
access to securities and funds in ICC's control, the Commission 
believes that the Framework would help assure the safeguarding of 
securities and funds which are in the custody or control of the ICC or 
for which it is responsible. Finally, for both of these reasons, the 
Commission believes the Framework would, in general, protect investors 
and the public interest.
    Therefore, the Commission finds that the proposed rule change would 
promote the prompt and accurate

[[Page 36657]]

clearance and settlement of securities transactions, assure the 
safeguarding of securities and funds in ICC's custody and control, and, 
in general, protect investors and the public interest, consistent with 
the Section 17A(b)(3)(F) of the Act.\31\
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    \31\ 15 U.S.C. 78q-1(b)(3)(F).
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B. Consistency With Rule 17Ad-22(b)(2)

    Rule 17Ad-22(b)(2) requires that ICC establish, implement, maintain 
and enforce written policies and procedures reasonably designed to use 
margin requirements to limit its credit exposures to participants under 
normal market conditions and use risk-based models and parameters to 
set margin requirements and review such margin requirements and the 
related risk-based models and parameters at least monthly.\32\
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    \32\ 17 CFR 240.17Ad-22(b)(2).
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    As described above, the Framework would describe how ICC would 
review and enhance its risk management system, including the selection 
and use of independent validators. In doing so, the Commission believes 
that the Framework would help ensure that ICC's risk management system 
is appropriate and effective for dealing with the risks associated with 
clearing security based swap-related portfolios. The Commission 
believes that the Framework would also enable ICC to improve its margin 
requirements by allowing ICC to review and improve the models that 
generate such margin requirements. The Commission believes that these 
aspects of the Framework would improve ICC's use of margin requirements 
to limit its credit exposures to participants under normal market 
conditions and ICC's use of risk-based models and parameters to set 
margin requirements.
    In addition, the Framework would describe ICC's process for 
execution monitoring, whereby ICC would review on a daily basis the 
changes generated by its risk management system and would explain those 
changes in relation to known changes in cleared portfolios, prices, and 
market conditions. The Framework would require ICC to then investigate 
any anomalies identified. In reviewing such changes and anomalies, the 
Commission believes ICC would review its margin requirements and the 
models that generate such requirements. Thus, the Commission believes 
the Framework would enable ICC to review its margin requirements and 
the models that generate such requirements on a daily basis.
    Therefore, for the above reasons the Commission finds that the 
proposed rule change is consistent with Rule 17Ad-22(b)(2).\33\
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    \33\ 17 CFR 240.17Ad-22(b)(2).
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C. Consistency With Rule 17Ad-22(b)(3)

    Rule 17Ad-22(b)(3) requires that ICC establish, implement, maintain 
and enforce written policies and procedures reasonably designed to 
maintain sufficient financial resources to withstand, at a minimum, a 
default by the two participant families to which it has the largest 
exposures in extreme but plausible market conditions, in its capacity 
as a central counterparty for security-based swaps.\34\
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    \34\ 17 CFR 240.17Ad-22(b)(3).
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    As described above, the Framework would provide a process for 
reviewing and enhancing ICC's risk management system and would set 
forth the process and criteria for selecting independent validators. In 
doing so, the Commission believes that the Framework would help ensure 
that ICC's risk management system appropriately and effectively deals 
with the risks associated with clearing security based swap-related 
portfolios, including the risk associated with the default by the two 
participant families to which ICC has the largest exposures in extreme 
but plausible market conditions. The Commission believes that the 
Framework would also help ICC improve its guaranty fund requirements by 
allowing ICC to review and improve the models that generate such 
requirements. The Commission believes that these aspects of the 
Framework would help ensure that ICC effectively establishes and 
maintains financial resources sufficient to withstand, at a minimum, a 
default by the two participant families to which ICC has the largest 
exposures in extreme but plausible market conditions.
    Therefore, for the above reasons the Commission finds that the 
proposed rule change is consistent with Rule 17Ad-22(b)(3).\35\
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    \35\ 17 CFR 240.17Ad-22(b)(3).
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D. Consistency With Rule 17Ad-22(b)(4)

    Rule 17Ad-22(b)(4) requires that ICC establish, implement, maintain 
and enforce written policies and procedures reasonably designed to 
provide for an annual model validation consisting of evaluating the 
performance of its margin models and the related parameters and 
assumptions associated with such models by a qualified person who is 
free from influence from the persons responsible for the development or 
operation of the models being validated.\36\
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    \36\ 17 CFR 240.17Ad-22(b)(4).
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    As discussed above, the Framework would require the ICC CRO to 
provide support and information to allow independent validators to 
perform periodic reviews of all Model Components and related practices 
at least once in every calendar year. The Framework would further 
provide that the scope of an independent periodic review may cover all 
Model Components used by the risk management system, or a subset of 
Model Components, as long as all Model Components are included in one 
or more independent periodic reviews each year. The Framework would 
also provide the process and criteria (including independence) for 
selecting independent validators. Finally, the Framework would describe 
the required components of an independent review and the documentation 
required to be produced by the independent validators.
    The Commission believes these aspects of the Framework would enable 
ICC to validate the models underpinning its risk management system on 
an annual basis including the related parameters and assumptions 
associated with such models. The Commission also believes that by 
setting out the process and criteria (including independence) for 
selecting independent validators, the Framework would help ensure that 
such validations are performed by qualified persons free from influence 
from the persons responsible for the development or operation of the 
models being validated.
    Therefore, for the reasons described above the Commission finds 
that the proposed rule change is consistent with Rule 17Ad-
22(b)(4).\37\
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    \37\ 17 CFR 240.17Ad-22(b)(4).
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E. Consistency With Rule 17Ad-22(d)(8)

    Rule 17Ad-22(d)(8) requires that ICC establish, implement, maintain 
and enforce written policies and procedures reasonably designed to have 
governance arrangements that are clear and transparent to fulfill the 
public interest requirements in Section 17A of the Act \38\ applicable 
to clearing agencies, to support the objectives of owners and 
participants, and to promote the effectiveness of the clearing agency's 
risk management procedures.\39\
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    \38\ 15 U.S.C. 78q-1.
    \39\ 17 CFR 240.17Ad-22(d)(8).
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    As discussed above, the Framework would describe the personnel 
responsible for, and the governance process associated with, the 
successful operation and maintenance of the model validation 
procedures. Specifically, the Framework would designate ICC's ROO

[[Page 36658]]

as the Framework owner and would make the ROO responsible to the ICC 
President for the successful operation and maintenance of the 
Framework. The Framework would also designate certain responsibilities 
to ICC's CRO and the Risk Committee. The Commission believes that in 
doing so the Framework would allow ICC to establish clear and 
transparent arrangements for governing the Framework and its model 
validation procedures. The Commission further believes that these same 
arrangements would contribute to ICC's fulfilling the public interest 
requirements in Section 17A of the Act \40\ applicable to clearing 
agencies, and the objectives of owners and participants. Finally, the 
Commission believes that these procedures and arrangements would 
promote the effectiveness of ICC's risk management procedures by 
clarifying the process for, and responsibilities associated with, using 
the Framework to improve ICC's risk management system.
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    \40\ 15 U.S.C. 78q-1.
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    Therefore, for the above reasons the Commission finds that the 
proposed rule change is consistent with Rule 17Ad-22(d)(8).\41\
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    \41\ 17 CFR 240.17Ad-22(d)(8).
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IV. Conclusion

    On the basis of the foregoing, the Commission finds that the 
proposal is consistent with the requirements of the Act, and in 
particular, with the requirements of Section 17A(b)(3)(F) of the Act 
\42\ and Rules 17Ad-22(b)(2), 17Ad-22(b)(3), 17Ad-22(b)(4), and 17Ad-
22(d)(8) thereunder.\43\
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    \42\ 15 U.S.C. 78q-1(b)(3)(F).
    \43\ 17 CFR 240.17Ad-22(b)(2)-(4), (d)(8).
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    It is therefore ordered pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the Act 
\44\ that the proposed rule change (SR-ICC-2018-004) be, and hereby is, 
approved.\45\
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    \44\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
    \45\ In approving the proposed rule change, the Commission 
considered the proposal's impact on efficiency, competition, and 
capital formation. 15 U.S.C. 78c(f).

    For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets, 
pursuant to delegated authority.\46\
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    \46\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).
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Eduardo A. Aleman,
Assistant Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2018-16164 Filed 7-27-18; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 8011-01-P



                                                                               Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 146 / Monday, July 30, 2018 / Notices                                               36655

                                               17d–3 as if those rules applied to                       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE                                 swap-based portfolios that ICC clears.
                                               closed-end investment companies,                         COMMISSION                                              ICC uses its risk management system to
                                               which they believe will resolve any                                                                              determine the appropriate Initial Margin
                                                                                                        [Release No. 34–83690; File No. SR–ICC–
                                               concerns that might arise in connection                  2018–004]
                                                                                                                                                                and Guaranty Fund requirements that
                                               with a Fund financing the distribution                                                                           offset the risks of the credit default
                                               of its shares through asset-based service                Self-Regulatory Organizations; ICE                      swap-based portfolios ICC clears. The
                                               and/or distribution fees.                                Clear Credit LLC; Order Approving                       risk management system is composed of
                                                                                                        Proposed Rule Change Relating To                        risk model components (‘‘Model
                                                  For the reasons stated above,                                                                                 Components’’), which employ a
                                               applicants submit that the exemptions                    Formalization of the ICC Model
                                                                                                        Validation Framework                                    combination of statistical analysis of
                                               requested under section 6(c) are                                                                                 credit spread time series and stress test
                                               necessary and appropriate in the public                  July 24, 2018.                                          simulation scenarios to address different
                                               interest and are consistent with the                                                                             sources of risk. These sources of risk
                                                                                                        I. Introduction
                                               protection of investors and the purposes                                                                         addressed by the Model Components
                                               fairly intended by the policy and                           On May 23, 2018, ICE Clear Credit                    constitute the foundation of total Initial
                                               provisions of the Act. Applicants further                LLC (‘‘ICC’’) filed with the Securities                 Margin and Guaranty Fund
                                               submit that the relief requested                         and Exchange Commission                                 requirements for the credit default
                                               pursuant to section 23(c)(3) will be                     (‘‘Commission’’), pursuant to Section                   swap-based portfolios that ICC clears.6
                                                                                                        19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act                    The Framework considers both new
                                               consistent with the protection of
                                                                                                        of 1934 (‘‘Act’’),1 and Rule 19b–4                      Model Components and enhancements
                                               investors and will insure that applicants
                                                                                                        thereunder,2 a proposed rule change to                  to existing Model Components
                                               do not unfairly discriminate against any                 formalize the ICC Model Validation
                                               holders of the class of securities to be                                                                         (collectively, ‘‘Model Change’’). New
                                                                                                        Framework. The proposed rule change                     Model Components consider sources of
                                               purchased. Finally, applicants state that                was published in the Federal Register
                                               the Funds’ imposition of asset-based                                                                             risk that are not currently included in
                                                                                                        on June 12, 2018.3 The Commission has                   the risk management system.7
                                               service and/or distribution fees is                      not received any comments on the
                                               consistent with the provisions, policies                                                                         Enhancements to existing Model
                                                                                                        proposed rule change. For the reasons                   Components improve upon the
                                               and purposes of the Act and does not                     discussed below, the Commission is                      methodologies already used by the risk
                                               involve participation on a basis different               approving the proposed rule change.
                                                                                                                                                                management system to consider a given
                                               from or less advantageous than that of
                                                                                                        II. Description of the Proposed Rule                    source or sources of risk.8 The
                                               other participants.                                      Change                                                  Framework classifies Model Changes as
                                               Applicants’ Condition                                       The proposed rule change would                       either Materiality A or Materiality B,
                                                                                                        formalize the ICC Model Validation                      depending on how substantially the
                                                  Applicants agree that any order                       Framework (‘‘Framework’’), which sets                   Model Change affects the risk
                                               granting the requested relief will be                    forth ICC’s model validation                            management system’s assessment of risk
                                               subject to the following condition:                      procedures.4 Through the use of these                   for the related source or sources of risk.9
                                                  Each Fund relying on the requested                    model validation procedures, ICC                        Materiality A Model Changes
                                               order will comply with the provisions of                 determines the effectiveness of the risk                substantially affect the risk management
                                               rules 6c–10, 12b–1, 17d–3, 18f–3, 22d–                   models underpinning ICC’s risk                          system’s assessment of risk for the
                                               1 and, where applicable, 11a–3 under                     management system, considers new                        related source or sources of risk.
                                               the Act, as amended from time to time                    components and enhancements to                          Materiality B Model Changes do not
                                                                                                        existing components of the risk models,                 substantially affect the risk management
                                               or replaced, as if those rules applied to
                                                                                                        and monitors and validates on an                        system’s assessment of risk for the
                                               closed-end management investment
                                                                                                        ongoing basis the risk models. The                      related source or sources of risk. The
                                               companies, and will comply with
                                                                                                        Framework also describes the personnel                  Framework requires that the ICC Chief
                                               FINRA Rule 2341, as amended from                                                                                 Risk Officer (‘‘CRO’’) and the ROO
                                               time to time, as if that rule applied to                 responsible for, and the governance
                                                                                                        process associated with, the successful                 review and determine which
                                               all closed-end management investment                                                                             enhancements to the risk management
                                                                                                        operation and maintenance of the model
                                               companies.                                                                                                       system qualify as Model Changes and
                                                                                                        validation procedures. Specifically, the
                                                 For the Commission, by the Division of                 Framework designates ICC’s Risk                         classify Model Changes as Materiality A
                                               Investment Management, under delegated                   Oversight Officer (‘‘ROO’’) as the                      or B.10 The Framework requires that the
                                               authority.                                               Framework owner and makes the ROO                       ICC Risk Committee review the
                                               Eduardo A. Aleman,                                       responsible to the ICC President for the                materiality classifications and provide
                                               Assistant Secretary.                                     successful operation and maintenance                    feedback as necessary.11 The
                                                                                                        of the Framework.5                                      Framework also describes the Model
                                               [FR Doc. 2018–16154 Filed 7–27–18; 8:45 am]
                                                                                                           ICC has a proprietary risk                           Inventory which is maintained by the
                                               BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
                                                                                                        management system that uses models to                   ICC Risk Department and which
                                                                                                        assess the risk of the credit default                   contains key information about all
                                                                                                                                                                Model Components and Model
                                                                                                             1 15
                                                                                                                U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).                               Changes.12 The Framework requires that
                                                                                                             2 17
                                                                                                                CFR 240.19b–4.                                  the ICC ROO review the model
daltland on DSKBBV9HB2PROD with NOTICES




                                                                                                           3 Securities Exchange Act Release No. 34–83386

                                                                                                        (June 6, 2018), 83 FR 27360 (June 12, 2018) (SR–          6 Id.
                                                                                                        ICC–2018–004) (‘‘Notice’’).                               7 Id.
                                                                                                           4 Notice, 83 FR at 27361. Capitalized terms used
                                                                                                                                                                  8 Notice,   83 FR at 27361.
                                                                                                        herein but not otherwise defined have the meaning
                                                                                                                                                                  9 Id.
                                                                                                        set forth in the Framework and ICE Clear Europe
                                                                                                                                                                  10 Id.
                                                                                                        rulebook, which is available at https://
                                                                                                        www.theice.com/clear-europe/regulation#rulebook.          11 Id.
                                                                                                           5 Notice, 83 FR at 27361.                              12 Id.




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                                               36656                             Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 146 / Monday, July 30, 2018 / Notices

                                               inventory at least quarterly to ensure                     perform periodic reviews of all Model                   securities and funds which are in the
                                               that it contains accurate and up to date                   Components and related practices at                     custody or control of ICC or for which
                                               information relating to Model                              least once in every calendar year.22 At                 it is responsible, and, in general, to
                                               Components and Model Changes.13                            ICC’s choosing, the scope of an                         protect investors and the public
                                                  To assure the effectiveness of ICC’s                    independent periodic review may cover                   interest.30
                                               risk management system, the                                all Model Components used by the risk                      As described above, the Framework
                                               Framework employs four controls:                           management system, or a subset of                       would provide a process for reviewing
                                               Initial validation; ongoing monitoring                     Model Components, as long as all Model                  and enhancing ICC’s risk management
                                               and validation; investigation; and                         Components are included in one or                       system. The Framework would also
                                               independent periodic review.14 Before                      more independent periodic reviews                       designate the personnel responsible for,
                                               going live with any Model Change, the                      each year.23 The independent periodic                   and the governance process associated
                                               Framework requires an initial validation                   review must demonstrate that the Model                  with, the successful operation and
                                               of the conceptual soundness of the                         Components remain fit for purpose; that                 maintenance of the model validation
                                               methodology and the proposed ongoing                       the assumptions associated with the                     procedures and would set forth the
                                               monitoring and validation approach.15                      Model Components are still valid; that                  process and criteria for selecting
                                               In addition, the Framework subjects                        ICC has adequately addressed any open                   independent validators.
                                               Materiality A Model Changes to an                          items of medium priority 24 from Model                     Taken together, the Commission
                                               additional independent initial                             Change initial validations and any other                believes these aspects of the Framework
                                               validation.16                                              implementation conditions; and that                     would help ensure that ICC’s risk
                                                  Ongoing monitoring and validation                       ICC has been complying with its                         management system appropriately and
                                               provides assurances that ICC has                           ongoing monitoring and validation                       effectively addresses the risks associated
                                               appropriately configured and calibrated                    requirements and the Model                              with clearing security based swap-
                                               the risk management system, including                      Components are performing without any                   related portfolios by providing ICC a
                                               any recent Model Change, and that the                      significant weakness.25 The ICC CRO                     means for reviewing and enhancing the
                                               risk management system is achieving                        must present the periodic review to the                 risk management system as needed. In
                                               the desired level of performance.17                        ICC Risk Committee and describe ICC’s                   providing for independent validators,
                                               Ongoing monitoring and validation                          plans in relation to any open high or                   the Commission believes the Framework
                                               consists of three areas: Parameter                         medium priority items in the report.26                  would help ensure that ICC receives
                                               setting, execution monitoring, and                                                                                 unbiased and objective views regarding
                                               outcome analysis.18 Through execution                      III. Discussion and Commission                          its risk management system, which
                                               monitoring ICC reviews on a daily basis                    Findings                                                would improve such review and
                                               the changes generated by its risk                             Section 19(b)(2)(C) of the Act directs               enhancement. The Commission believes
                                               management system and explains them                        the Commission to approve a proposed                    that both of these aspects of the
                                               in relation to known changes in cleared                    rule change of a self-regulatory                        Framework would improve the
                                               portfolios, prices, and market                             organization if it finds that such                      effectiveness of ICC’s risk management
                                               conditions.                                                proposed rule change is consistent with                 system, thereby improving ICC’s ability
                                                  If ongoing monitoring and validation                    the requirements of the Act and the                     to manage the risks associated with
                                               identifies features of the risk                            rules and regulations thereunder                        clearing security based swap-related
                                               management system that might indicate                      applicable to such organization.27 For                  portfolios. Given that mismanagement
                                               weakness in a Model Component, the                         the reasons given below, the                            of the risks associated with clearing
                                               Framework requires ICC to investigate                      Commission finds that the proposal is                   security based swap-related portfolios
                                               and identify the root cause.19 If                          consistent with Section 17A(b)(3)(F) of                 could cause ICC to realize losses on
                                               weakness in a Model Component is                           the Act 28 and Rules 17Ad–22(b)(2),                     such portfolios and disrupt ICC’s ability
                                               discovered during investigation, the                       17Ad–22(b)(3), 17Ad–22(b)(4), and                       to promptly and accurately clear
                                               Framework requires the ICC CRO to                          17Ad–22(d)(8) thereunder.29                             security based swap transactions, the
                                               inform the ICC Risk Committee of the                                                                               Commission believes that the
                                                                                                          A. Consistency With Section
                                               results of the investigation.20 ICC must                                                                           Framework would promote the prompt
                                                                                                          17A(b)(3)(F) of the Act
                                               then remediate the identified weakness                                                                             and accurate clearance and settlement of
                                               through an appropriate Model Change,                         Section 17A(b)(3)(F) of the Act                       securities transactions. Similarly, given
                                               which passes through the required steps                    requires, among other things, that the                  that mismanagement of the risks
                                               of the Framework starting with an Initial                  rules of ICC be designed to promote the                 associated with clearing security based
                                               validation.21                                              prompt and accurate clearance and                       swap-related portfolios could cause ICC
                                                  The Framework sets forth the process                    settlement of securities transactions                   to realize losses on such portfolios and
                                               for selecting independent validators and                   and, to the extent applicable, derivative               threaten ICC’s ability to operate, thereby
                                               describes the independent validator                        agreements, contracts, and transactions,                threatening access to securities and
                                               criteria, including technical expertise                    as well as to assure the safeguarding of                funds in ICC’s control, the Commission
                                               and independence requirements. The                                                                                 believes that the Framework would help
                                               Framework requires that the ICC CRO                             22 Id.
                                                                                                                                                                  assure the safeguarding of securities and
                                               provide support and information to                              23 Id.
                                                                                                                                                                  funds which are in the custody or
                                                                                                            24 The Framework defines as medium priority
                                               allow the independent validators to                                                                                control of the ICC or for which it is
                                                                                                          those items that reflect deficiencies in the Model
                                                                                                          Components, assumptions, usage, or compliance           responsible. Finally, for both of these
                                                 13 Id.
                                                                                                          with stated procedures that create risks that ICC can   reasons, the Commission believes the
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                                                 14 Notice,   83 FR at 27361.                             mitigate with viable workarounds until it               Framework would, in general, protect
                                                 15 Id.                                                   remediates them fully, within a reasonable
                                                 16 Id.                                                   timeframe agreed with the Risk Committee.
                                                                                                                                                                  investors and the public interest.
                                                 17 Id.                                                     25 Notice, 83 FR at 27361.                               Therefore, the Commission finds that
                                                 18 Id.                                                     26 Id.                                                the proposed rule change would
                                                 19 Notice,   83 FR at 27361.                               27 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2)(C).                            promote the prompt and accurate
                                                 20 Id.                                                     28 15 U.S.C. 78q–1(b)(3)(F).
                                                 21 Id.                                                     29 17 CFR 240.17Ad–22(b)(2)–(4), (d)(8).                30 15   U.S.C. 78q–1(b)(3)(F).



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                                                                                Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 146 / Monday, July 30, 2018 / Notices                                             36657

                                               clearance and settlement of securities                   rule change is consistent with Rule                        As discussed above, the Framework
                                               transactions, assure the safeguarding of                 17Ad–22(b)(2).33                                        would require the ICC CRO to provide
                                               securities and funds in ICC’s custody                                                                            support and information to allow
                                                                                                        C. Consistency With Rule 17Ad–22(b)(3)
                                               and control, and, in general, protect                                                                            independent validators to perform
                                               investors and the public interest,                          Rule 17Ad–22(b)(3) requires that ICC                 periodic reviews of all Model
                                               consistent with the Section 17A(b)(3)(F)                 establish, implement, maintain and                      Components and related practices at
                                               of the Act.31                                            enforce written policies and procedures                 least once in every calendar year. The
                                                                                                        reasonably designed to maintain                         Framework would further provide that
                                               B. Consistency With Rule 17Ad–22(b)(2)
                                                                                                        sufficient financial resources to                       the scope of an independent periodic
                                                  Rule 17Ad–22(b)(2) requires that ICC                  withstand, at a minimum, a default by                   review may cover all Model
                                               establish, implement, maintain and                       the two participant families to which it                Components used by the risk
                                               enforce written policies and procedures                  has the largest exposures in extreme but                management system, or a subset of
                                               reasonably designed to use margin                        plausible market conditions, in its                     Model Components, as long as all Model
                                               requirements to limit its credit                         capacity as a central counterparty for                  Components are included in one or
                                               exposures to participants under normal                   security-based swaps.34                                 more independent periodic reviews
                                               market conditions and use risk-based                                                                             each year. The Framework would also
                                                                                                           As described above, the Framework
                                               models and parameters to set margin                                                                              provide the process and criteria
                                                                                                        would provide a process for reviewing
                                               requirements and review such margin                                                                              (including independence) for selecting
                                               requirements and the related risk-based                  and enhancing ICC’s risk management
                                                                                                        system and would set forth the process                  independent validators. Finally, the
                                               models and parameters at least                                                                                   Framework would describe the required
                                               monthly.32                                               and criteria for selecting independent
                                                                                                        validators. In doing so, the Commission                 components of an independent review
                                                  As described above, the Framework                                                                             and the documentation required to be
                                               would describe how ICC would review                      believes that the Framework would help
                                                                                                        ensure that ICC’s risk management                       produced by the independent
                                               and enhance its risk management                                                                                  validators.
                                               system, including the selection and use                  system appropriately and effectively
                                                                                                        deals with the risks associated with                       The Commission believes these
                                               of independent validators. In doing so,                                                                          aspects of the Framework would enable
                                               the Commission believes that the                         clearing security based swap-related
                                                                                                        portfolios, including the risk associated               ICC to validate the models
                                               Framework would help ensure that                                                                                 underpinning its risk management
                                               ICC’s risk management system is                          with the default by the two participant
                                                                                                        families to which ICC has the largest                   system on an annual basis including the
                                               appropriate and effective for dealing                                                                            related parameters and assumptions
                                               with the risks associated with clearing                  exposures in extreme but plausible
                                                                                                        market conditions. The Commission                       associated with such models. The
                                               security based swap-related portfolios.                                                                          Commission also believes that by setting
                                               The Commission believes that the                         believes that the Framework would also
                                                                                                        help ICC improve its guaranty fund                      out the process and criteria (including
                                               Framework would also enable ICC to                                                                               independence) for selecting
                                               improve its margin requirements by                       requirements by allowing ICC to review
                                                                                                        and improve the models that generate                    independent validators, the Framework
                                               allowing ICC to review and improve the                                                                           would help ensure that such validations
                                               models that generate such margin                         such requirements. The Commission
                                                                                                        believes that these aspects of the                      are performed by qualified persons free
                                               requirements. The Commission believes                                                                            from influence from the persons
                                               that these aspects of the Framework                      Framework would help ensure that ICC
                                                                                                        effectively establishes and maintains                   responsible for the development or
                                               would improve ICC’s use of margin                                                                                operation of the models being validated.
                                               requirements to limit its credit                         financial resources sufficient to
                                                                                                                                                                   Therefore, for the reasons described
                                               exposures to participants under normal                   withstand, at a minimum, a default by
                                                                                                                                                                above the Commission finds that the
                                               market conditions and ICC’s use of risk-                 the two participant families to which
                                                                                                                                                                proposed rule change is consistent with
                                               based models and parameters to set                       ICC has the largest exposures in extreme
                                                                                                                                                                Rule 17Ad–22(b)(4).37
                                               margin requirements.                                     but plausible market conditions.
                                                  In addition, the Framework would                         Therefore, for the above reasons the                 E. Consistency With Rule 17Ad–22(d)(8)
                                               describe ICC’s process for execution                     Commission finds that the proposed                         Rule 17Ad–22(d)(8) requires that ICC
                                               monitoring, whereby ICC would review                     rule change is consistent with Rule                     establish, implement, maintain and
                                               on a daily basis the changes generated                   17Ad–22(b)(3).35                                        enforce written policies and procedures
                                               by its risk management system and                        D. Consistency With Rule 17Ad–22(b)(4)                  reasonably designed to have governance
                                               would explain those changes in relation                                                                          arrangements that are clear and
                                               to known changes in cleared portfolios,                    Rule 17Ad–22(b)(4) requires that ICC                  transparent to fulfill the public interest
                                               prices, and market conditions. The                       establish, implement, maintain and                      requirements in Section 17A of the
                                               Framework would require ICC to then                      enforce written policies and procedures                 Act 38 applicable to clearing agencies, to
                                               investigate any anomalies identified. In                 reasonably designed to provide for an                   support the objectives of owners and
                                               reviewing such changes and anomalies,                    annual model validation consisting of                   participants, and to promote the
                                               the Commission believes ICC would                        evaluating the performance of its margin                effectiveness of the clearing agency’s
                                               review its margin requirements and the                   models and the related parameters and                   risk management procedures.39
                                               models that generate such requirements.                  assumptions associated with such                           As discussed above, the Framework
                                               Thus, the Commission believes the                        models by a qualified person who is free                would describe the personnel
                                               Framework would enable ICC to review                     from influence from the persons                         responsible for, and the governance
                                               its margin requirements and the models                   responsible for the development or                      process associated with, the successful
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                                               that generate such requirements on a                     operation of the models being                           operation and maintenance of the model
                                               daily basis.                                             validated.36                                            validation procedures. Specifically, the
                                                  Therefore, for the above reasons the                                                                          Framework would designate ICC’s ROO
                                               Commission finds that the proposed                            33 17 CFR 240.17Ad–22(b)(2).
                                                                                                             34 17 CFR 240.17Ad–22(b)(3).                         37 17 CFR 240.17Ad–22(b)(4).
                                                 31 15 U.S.C. 78q–1(b)(3)(F).                                35 17 CFR 240.17Ad–22(b)(3).                         38 15 U.S.C. 78q–1.
                                                 32 17 CFR 240.17Ad–22(b)(2).                                36 17 CFR 240.17Ad–22(b)(4).                         39 17 CFR 240.17Ad–22(d)(8).




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                                               36658                           Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 146 / Monday, July 30, 2018 / Notices

                                               as the Framework owner and would                         SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION                         SUMMARY:   This document announces a
                                               make the ROO responsible to the ICC                                                                            temporary decrease in the guarantee fees
                                                                                                        [License No. 03/03–0249]                              that the U.S. Small Business
                                               President for the successful operation
                                               and maintenance of the Framework. The                                                                          Administration (SBA) charges all Surety
                                                                                                        Argosy Investment Partners IV, L.P.;
                                               Framework would also designate certain                                                                         companies and Principals on each
                                                                                                        Notice Seeking Exemption Under the
                                               responsibilities to ICC’s CRO and the                                                                          guaranteed bond (other than a bid bond)
                                                                                                        Small Business Investment Act,
                                               Risk Committee. The Commission                                                                                 issued in SBA’s Surety Bond Guarantee
                                                                                                        Conflicts of Interest
                                               believes that in doing so the Framework                                                                        (SBG) Program.
                                               would allow ICC to establish clear and                      Notice is hereby given that Argosy                 DATES:
                                               transparent arrangements for governing                   Investment Partners IV, L.P., 950 West                   Applicability Date: The fee decreases
                                               the Framework and its model validation                   Valley Road, Suite 2900, Wayne, PA                    described in this document will apply
                                               procedures. The Commission further                       19087, a Federal Licensee under the                   to all SBA surety bond guarantees
                                                                                                        Small Business Investment Act of 1958,                approved during the one year period
                                               believes that these same arrangements
                                                                                                        as amended (‘‘the Act’’), in connection               beginning October 1, 2018 and ending
                                               would contribute to ICC’s fulfilling the
                                                                                                        with the financing of a small concern,                September 30, 2019.
                                               public interest requirements in Section                                                                           Comment Date: SBA must receive
                                                                                                        has sought an exemption under Section
                                               17A of the Act 40 applicable to clearing                 312 of the Act and Section 107.730,                   comments on or before August 29, 2018.
                                               agencies, and the objectives of owners                   Financings which Constitute Conflicts                 ADDRESSES: You may submit comments,
                                               and participants. Finally, the                           of Interest of the Small Business                     identified by Docket No. SBA–2018–
                                               Commission believes that these                           Administration (‘‘SBA’’) Rules and                    0007, by any of the following methods:
                                               procedures and arrangements would                        Regulations (13 CFR 107.730). Argosy                  (1) Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://
                                               promote the effectiveness of ICC’s risk                  Investment Partners IV, L.P. is seeking               www.regulations.gov, following the
                                               management procedures by clarifying                      post-financing approval from SBA for                  instructions for submitting comments;
                                               the process for, and responsibilities                    loan and equity financings it made to                 or (2) Mail/Hand Delivery/Courier:
                                               associated with, using the Framework to                  POSC Holdings LLC, formerly known as                  Jermanne Perry, Surety Bond Specialist,
                                               improve ICC’s risk management system.                    Panhandle Oilfield Service Companies,                 U.S. Small Business Administration,
                                                  Therefore, for the above reasons the                  Inc., 14000 Quail Springs Parkway,                    Office of Surety Guarantees, 409 Third
                                               Commission finds that the proposed                       Suite 300, Oklahoma City, OK 73134.                   Street SW, Suite 8600, Washington, DC
                                               rule change is consistent with Rule                         The financing is brought within the                20416.
                                               17Ad–22(d)(8).41                                         purview of § 107.730(a)(1) of the                        SBA will post all comments on
                                                                                                        Regulations because Argosy Investment                 www.regulations.gov. If you wish to
                                               IV. Conclusion                                           Partners V, L.P., an Associate of Argosy              submit confidential business
                                                                                                        Investment Partners IV, L.P., owns more               information (CBI) as defined in the User
                                                 On the basis of the foregoing, the                     than ten percent of POSC Holdings LLC,                Notice at www.regulations.gov, you
                                               Commission finds that the proposal is                    and therefore this transaction is                     must submit such information to U.S.
                                               consistent with the requirements of the                  considered Financing an Associate                     Small Business Administration,
                                               Act, and in particular, with the                         requiring prior SBA approval. Argosy                  Jermanne Perry, Office of Surety
                                               requirements of Section 17A(b)(3)(F) of                  Investment Partners IV, L.P. has already              Guarantees, 409 Third Street SW,
                                               the Act 42 and Rules 17Ad–22(b)(2),                      made its investments in POSC Holdings                 Washington, DC 20416 or send an email
                                               17Ad–22(b)(3), 17Ad–22(b)(4), and                        LLC and is seeking post-financing SBA                 to jermanne.perry@sba.gov. Highlight
                                               17Ad–22(d)(8) thereunder.43                              approval.                                             the information that you consider to be
                                                 It is therefore ordered pursuant to                       Notice is hereby given that any                    CBI and explain why you believe SBA
                                               Section 19(b)(2) of the Act 44 that the                  interested person may submit written                  should hold this information as
                                               proposed rule change (SR–ICC–2018–                       comments on this transaction within                   confidential. SBA will review your
                                                                                                        fifteen days of the date of this                      information and determine whether it
                                               004) be, and hereby is, approved.45
                                                                                                        publication to the Associate                          will make the information public.
                                                 For the Commission, by the Division of                 Administrator, Office of Investment and               FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT:
                                               Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated               Innovation, U.S. Small Business                       Jermanne Perry, Surety Bond Specialist,
                                               authority.46                                             Administration, 409 Third Street SW,                  Office of Surety Guarantees, (202) 401–
                                               Eduardo A. Aleman,                                       Washington, DC 20416.                                 8275; jermanne.perry@sba.gov.
                                               Assistant Secretary.                                                                                           SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Under its
                                                                                                        A. Joseph Shepard,
                                               [FR Doc. 2018–16164 Filed 7–27–18; 8:45 am]
                                                                                                        Associate Administrator for Office of
                                                                                                                                                              SBG Program, the SBA guarantees bid,
                                               BILLING CODE 8011–01–P                                   Investment and Innovation.                            payment and performance bonds for
                                                                                                        [FR Doc. 2018–16206 Filed 7–27–18; 8:45 am]
                                                                                                                                                              small and emerging contractors who
                                                                                                                                                              cannot obtain surety bonds through
                                                                                                        BILLING CODE P
                                                                                                                                                              regular commercial channels. SBA’s
                                                                                                                                                              guarantee gives Sureties an incentive to
                                                                                                        SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION                         provide bonding for small businesses
                                                 40 15
                                                                                                                                                              and, thereby, assists small businesses in
                                                        U.S.C. 78q–1.
                                                  41 17 CFR 240.17Ad–22(d)(8).
                                                                                                        [Docket No.: SBA–2018–0007]                           obtaining greater access to contracting
                                                                                                                                                              opportunities. SBA’s guarantee is an
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                                                  42 15 U.S.C. 78q–1(b)(3)(F).
                                                                                                        Surety Bond Guarantee Program Fees                    agreement between a Surety and SBA
                                                  43 17 CFR 240.17Ad–22(b)(2)–(4), (d)(8).

                                                  44 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).                               AGENCY:   U.S. Small Business                         that SBA will assume a certain
                                                  45 In approving the proposed rule change, the         Administration.                                       percentage of the Surety’s loss should a
                                               Commission considered the proposal’s impact on                                                                 contractor default on the underlying
                                                                                                        ACTION: Notification of temporary
                                               efficiency, competition, and capital formation. 15                                                             contract. Pursuant to its statutory
                                                                                                        initiative to test lower fees; request for
                                               U.S.C. 78c(f).                                                                                                 authority ‘‘to establish such fee or fees
                                                                                                        public comments.
                                                  46 17 CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).                                                                                  for small business concerns and


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Document Created: 2018-07-28 01:44:30
Document Modified: 2018-07-28 01:44:30
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionNotices
FR Citation83 FR 36655 

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