83_FR_3834 83 FR 3816 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Cboe Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of a Proposed Rule Change To Amend the Fees Schedule Concerning Firm Incentive Programs

83 FR 3816 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Cboe Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of a Proposed Rule Change To Amend the Fees Schedule Concerning Firm Incentive Programs

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Federal Register Volume 83, Issue 18 (January 26, 2018)

Page Range3816-3819
FR Document2018-01363

Federal Register, Volume 83 Issue 18 (Friday, January 26, 2018)
[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 18 (Friday, January 26, 2018)]
[Notices]
[Pages 3816-3819]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2018-01363]


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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

[Release No. 34-82548; File No. SR-CBOE-2018-005]


Self-Regulatory Organizations; Cboe Exchange, Inc.; Notice of 
Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of a Proposed Rule Change To Amend 
the Fees Schedule Concerning Firm Incentive Programs

January 19, 2018.
    Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 
(the ``Act''),\1\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\2\ notice is hereby given 
that on January 12, 2017, Cboe Exchange, Inc. (the ``Exchange'' or 
``Cboe Options'') filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission 
(the ``Commission'') the proposed rule change as described in Items I, 
II, and III below, which Items have been prepared by the Exchange. The 
Commission is publishing this notice to solicit comments on the 
proposed rule change from interested persons.
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    \1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
    \2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
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I. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Terms of Substance 
of the Proposed Rule Change

    The Exchange proposes to amend its Fees Schedule. The text of the 
proposed rule change is provided in Exhibit 5.
    The text of the proposed rule change is also available on the 
Exchange's website (http://www.cboe.com/AboutCBOE/CBOELegalRegulatoryHome.aspx), at the Exchange's Office of the 
Secretary, and at the Commission's Public Reference Room.

[[Page 3817]]

II. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and 
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change

    In its filing with the Commission, the Exchange included statements 
concerning the purpose of and basis for the proposed rule change and 
discussed any comments it received on the proposed rule change. The 
text of these statements may be examined at the places specified in 
Item IV below. The Exchange has prepared summaries, set forth in 
sections A, B, and C below, of the most significant aspects of such 
statements.

A. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and 
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change

1. Purpose
    The Exchange proposes to amend its Fees Schedule. Particularly, the 
Exchange proposes to amend Footnote 11 of its Fees Schedule, which 
governs the Clearing Trading Permit Holder Fee Cap, Proprietary 
Products Sliding Scale, Proprietary VIX Sliding Scale, and Supplemental 
VIX Total Firm Discount (collectively, ``Firm Incentive Programs'') 
which applies to (i) Clearing Trading Permit Holder proprietary orders 
(``F'' origin code), and (ii) orders of Non-Trading Permit Holder 
Affiliates (``Non-TPH Affiliates'') of a Clearing Trading Permit Holder 
(``Clearing TPH'') orders (``L'' origin code). Footnote 11 currently 
defines a ``Non-Trading Permit Holder Affiliate'' for this purpose as a 
100% wholly-owned affiliate or subsidiary of a Clearing TPH that is 
registered as a United States or foreign broker-dealer and that is not 
a Cboe Options Trading Permit Holder (``TPH''). It also provides that 
only proprietary orders of the Non-TPH Affiliate effected for purposes 
of hedging the proprietary over-the-counter trading of the Clearing TPH 
or its affiliates will be included in calculating the Firm Incentive 
Programs. Additionally, Footnote 11 provides that the Exchange will 
aggregate the fees and trading activity of separate Clearing TPHs for 
the purposes of the Firm Incentive Programs if there is at least 75% 
common ownership between the Clearing TPHs as reflected on each 
Clearing TPH's Form BD, Schedule A. Footnote 11 further states that 
each Clearing TPH is responsible for notifying the TPH Department of 
all of its affiliations so that fees and contracts of the Clearing TPH 
and its affiliates may be aggregated and each Clearing TPH is required 
to inform the Exchange immediately of any event that causes an entity 
to cease to be an affiliate. A Clearing TPH is also required to certify 
the affiliate status of any Non-TPH Affiliate whose trading activity it 
seeks to aggregate.
    The Exchange first proposes to modify which ``L'' orders may be 
included in calculating the Firm Incentive Programs. Particularly, the 
Exchange proposes to eliminate the requirement that to be included in 
calculating the Firm Incentive Programs, ``L'' orders must be 
proprietary orders of a Non-TPH Affiliate effected for purposes of 
hedging the proprietary over-the-counter trading of the Clearing TPH or 
its affiliates. In its place, the Exchange proposes to provide that all 
proprietary orders of a Non-TPH Affiliate may be included in the above-
mentioned calculations. The Exchange wishes to encourage Non-TPH 
Affiliates to send all of their proprietary orders to the Exchange, not 
just transactions that are effected for purposes of hedging over-the-
counter trading.
    Next, the Exchange proposes to clarify that in order to provide 
``L'' origin code rates to ``L'' origin code orders, the orders need to 
clear through an Exchange-registered OCC number. The Exchange notes 
that if an order marked with an ``L'' origin code uses a non-Exchange 
registered OCC clearing number, the orders would not be aggregated with 
any ``F'' orders, as the clearing number is not known to the Exchange's 
billing system. In order to avoid confusion, the Exchange proposes to 
make clear that only proprietary orders of a Non-TPH Affiliate that 
clears through a Cboe Options-registered OCC clearing number(s) will be 
included in calculating the Firm Incentive Programs. Similarly, the 
Exchange wishes to further clarify Footnote 16 and add a reference to 
``L'' origin codes to Footnote 16. Footnote 16 currently provides that 
Broker-Dealer transaction fees (i.e., fees assessed for orders with a 
``B'' origin code) will apply to certain orders with an ``F'' origin 
code if those orders are from OCC members that are not Cboe Options 
TPHs. As noted above, if an order uses a non-Exchange registered OCC 
clearing number, the clearing number is not known to the Exchange's 
billing system. This is true regardless of if the order came from an 
OCC member that is or is not a Cboe Options TPH. As such, the Exchange 
proposes to also clarify that ``F'' and ``L'' orders will be billed as 
``B'' orders if the orders are from OCC numbers that are not from Cboe 
Options TPHs or are not registered with the Exchange.
    The Exchange next proposes to eliminate the requirement that each 
Clearing TPH certify the affiliate status of any Non-TPH Affiliate 
who's trading activity it seeks to aggregate. The Exchange believes 
that it is incumbent on any TPH marking an order with any origin code 
to ensure that it is marking the order appropriately and meeting any 
stated criteria. Orders should only be marked with an ``L'' origin code 
if it meets the definition provided for in Footnote 11, which, as noted 
above, requires that the order be from a 100% wholly-owned affiliate or 
subsidiary of a Clearing TPH that is registered as a United States or 
foreign broker-dealer and that is not a Cboe Options TPH. Accordingly, 
the Exchange does not believe it's necessary for further certification 
and therefore does not believe this language is necessary to maintain 
in the Fees Schedule.
    Lastly, the Exchange proposes to (i) relocate to a new Footnote and 
(2) modify, the language currently in Footnote 11 requiring each 
Clearing TPH to notify the TPH Department of all of its affiliations 
and of any event that causes an entity to cease to be an affiliate. 
Particularly, the Exchange notes that the definition of an 
``affiliate'' as used in Footnote 11 (i.e., 75% common ownership 
between the firms as reflected on each firm's Form BD, Schedule A) is 
also referenced numerous times throughout the Fees Schedule. 
Particularly, there are a number of other occasions for which the 
Exchange may aggregate activity between affiliates.\3\ As such, the 
Exchange believes it would be more appropriate to relocate the notice 
requirement to its own footnote (proposed Footnote 39) and expand the 
scope of the notice requirement to apply to all TPHs (not just Clearing 
TPHs). Accordingly, the Fees Schedule will now provide that each TPH is 
responsible for notifying the Exchange of all its affiliates and is 
required to inform the Exchange immediately of any event that causes an 
entity to cease to be an affiliate, in a form and manner to be 
determined by the Exchange. As noted above, an ``affiliate'' is defined 
as having at least 75% common ownership between two entities as 
reflected on each entity's Form BD, Schedule A.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \3\ See e.g., Cboe Exchange, Inc. Fees Schedule, Footnote 10, 
which provides the Exchange will aggregate the trading activity of 
separate Liquidity Provider firms for purposes of the Liquidity 
Provider Sliding Scale if there is at least 75% common ownership 
between the firms as reflected on each firm's Form BD, Schedule A.
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2. Statutory Basis
    The Exchange believes the proposed rule change is consistent with 
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the ``Act'') and the rules and 
regulations

[[Page 3818]]

thereunder applicable to the Exchange and, in particular, the 
requirements of Section 6(b) of the Act.\4\ Specifically, the Exchange 
believes the proposed rule change is consistent with the Section 
6(b)(5) \5\ requirements that the rules of an exchange be designed to 
prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices, to promote just 
and equitable principles of trade, to foster cooperation and 
coordination with persons engaged in regulating, clearing, settling, 
processing information with respect to, and facilitating transactions 
in securities, to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a 
free and open market and a national market system, and, in general, to 
protect investors and the public interest. Additionally, the Exchange 
believes the proposed rule change is consistent with Section 6(b)(4) of 
the Act,\6\ which requires that Exchange rules provide for the 
equitable allocation of reasonable dues, fees, and other charges among 
its Trading Permit Holders and other persons using its facilities.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \4\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b).
    \5\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \6\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(4).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchange believes allowing a Clearing TPH to aggregate its 
trading activity for purposes of the Firm Incentive Programs with its 
Non-TPH Affiliate(s) for all proprietary orders of the Non-TPH 
Affiliate(s) and not just those effected for purposes of hedging the 
proprietary over-the-counter trading of the Clearing TPH or its 
affiliates is equitable, reasonable and not unfairly discriminatory. 
Particularly, the Exchange notes that ``L'' orders will continue to get 
the benefit of ``L'' order rates (now just a wider universe of orders). 
The Exchange believes it's equitable and not unfairly discriminatory to 
expand the scope of allowable ``L'' orders, as it still requires Non-
TPH Affiliate(s) to be registered as a United States or foreign broker-
dealer and for there to be complete identity of common ownership 
between the Clearing TPH and Non-TPH Affiliate. The Exchange does not 
believe it's necessary to continue to require the Non-TPH Affiliate's 
orders be effected for purposes of hedging. The elimination of this 
requirement would encourage the sending of all Non-TPH Affiliate's 
proprietary orders, which thereby brings greater trading activity, 
volume and liquidity, benefitting all market participants.
    The Exchange next believes that clarifying Footnote 11 to state 
that only proprietary orders of a Non-TPH Affiliate (``L'' origin code) 
that clear through a Cboe Options-registered OCC clearing number(s) 
will be processed as an ``L'' order, maintains transparency in the Fees 
Schedule and reduces potential confusion. For the same reasons, the 
Exchange is further clarifying Footnote 16 to provide that both ``F'' 
and ``L'' orders will be processed as Broker-Dealer (origin code ``B'') 
orders if they are from an OCC number that does not belong to a Cboe 
Options TPH or is not registered with the Exchange. As noted above, 
orders marked with either an ``F'' or ``L'' origin code that clear 
through a non-Exchange registered OCC clearing number are not processed 
as such, as the clearing number is not known to the Exchange's billing 
system. The Exchange believes that explicitly clarifying this 
requirement in both Footnote 11 and Footnote 16 will reduce potential 
confusion. The alleviation of confusion removes impediments to and 
perfects the mechanism of a free and open market and a national market 
system, and, in general, protects investors and the public interest.
    The Exchange next believes it's reasonable to eliminate the 
requirement that each Clearing TPH certify the affiliate status of any 
Non-TPH Affiliate who's trading activity it seeks to aggregate because 
the Exchange believes marking an order with an ``L'' origin code should 
serve as certification that the order meets the requirements described 
above. Therefore, the Exchange does not believe this current language 
is necessary to maintain in the Fees Schedule. Eliminating unnecessary 
language reduces potential confusion, thereby removing impediments to 
and perfecting the mechanism of a free and open market and a national 
market system, and, in general, protecting investors and the public 
interest.
    Lastly, the Exchange believes its proposal to (i) relocate the 
language requiring each Clearing TPH to notify the TPH Department of 
all of its affiliations and of any event that causes an entity to cease 
to be an affiliate from Footnote 11 to a new Footnote and (ii) modify 
the language to expand the scope of the language such that the notice 
requirement applies to the entire Fees Schedule, and all TPHs 
generally, promotes transparency in the Fees Schedule and reduces 
confusion. As noted above, the definition of an affiliate (i.e., 75% 
common ownership between the firms as reflected on each firm's Form BD, 
Schedule A) is referenced numerous times throughout the Fees Schedule 
and there are a number of other occasions for which the Exchange 
aggregates activity between such affiliates. As such, the Exchange 
believes it would be more appropriate for the language requiring notice 
of affiliations and termination of such relationships to be applicable 
to all TPHs and therefore be relocated to its own footnote which would 
apply to the entire Fees Schedule. Additionally, clarifying that such 
information shall be communicated to the Exchange in a form and manner 
to be determined by the Exchange allows the Exchange to provide a 
uniform and orderly manner in which to receive the information.

B. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Burden on Competition

    The Exchange does not believe that the proposed rule changes will 
impose any burdens on competition that are not necessary or appropriate 
in furtherance of the purposes of the Act. The Exchange does not 
believe that the proposed rule change will impose any burden on 
intramarket competition that is not necessary or appropriate in 
furtherance of the purposes of the Act because to the extent Non-TPH 
Affiliates receive beneficial pricing, the Exchange notes that Non-TPH 
Affiliate(s) are required to have complete identity of common ownership 
between itself and its affiliated Clearing TPH, and Clearing TPHs have 
clearing obligations that other market participants do not have. 
Moreover, the proposed changes are intended to encourage market 
participants to bring increased volume to the Exchange (which benefits 
all market participants). Additionally, the clarifying rule changes are 
not intended to address any competitive issues but rather to provide 
more clarity and transparency regarding Non-TPH Affiliates and 
affiliates. The Exchange does not believe that the proposed change will 
cause any unnecessary burden on intermarket competition because the 
proposed change only affects trading on Cboe Options. To the extent 
that the proposed changes make Cboe Options a more attractive 
marketplace for market participants at other exchanges, such market 
participants are welcome to become Cboe Options market participants.

C. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Comments on the Proposed 
Rule Change Received From Members, Participants, or Others

    The Exchange neither solicited nor received comments on the 
proposed rule change.

III. Date of Effectiveness of the Proposed Rule Change and Timing for 
Commission Action

    The foregoing rule change has become effective pursuant to Section 
19(b)(3)(A)

[[Page 3819]]

of the Act \7\ and paragraph (f) of Rule 19b-4 \8\ thereunder. At any 
time within 60 days of the filing of the proposed rule change, the 
Commission summarily may temporarily suspend such rule change if it 
appears to the Commission that such action is necessary or appropriate 
in the public interest, for the protection of investors, or otherwise 
in furtherance of the purposes of the Act. If the Commission takes such 
action, the Commission will institute proceedings to determine whether 
the proposed rule change should be approved or disapproved.
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    \7\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(3)(A).
    \8\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4(f).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

IV. Solicitation of Comments

    Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views, and 
arguments concerning the foregoing, including whether the proposed rule 
change is consistent with the Act. Comments may be submitted by any of 
the following methods:

Electronic Comments

     Use the Commission's internet comment form (http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml); or
     Send an email to rule-comments@sec.gov. Please include 
File Number SR-CBOE-2018-005 on the subject line.

Paper Comments

     Send paper comments in triplicate to Secretary, Securities 
and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC 20549-1090.

All submissions should refer to File Number SR-CBOE-2018-005. This file 
number should be included on the subject line if email is used. To help 
the Commission process and review your comments more efficiently, 
please use only one method. The Commission will post all comments on 
the Commission's internet website (http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml). 
Copies of the submission, all subsequent amendments, all written 
statements with respect to the proposed rule change that are filed with 
the Commission, and all written communications relating to the proposed 
rule change between the Commission and any person, other than those 
that may be withheld from the public in accordance with the provisions 
of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be available for website viewing and printing in 
the Commission's Public Reference Room, 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC 
20549 on official business days between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 
3:00 p.m. Copies of the filing also will be available for inspection 
and copying at the principal office of the Exchange. All comments 
received will be posted without change. Persons submitting comments are 
cautioned that we do not redact or edit personal identifying 
information from comment submissions. You should submit only 
information that you wish to make available publicly. All submissions 
should refer to File Number SR-CBOE-2018-005 and should be submitted on 
or before February 16, 2018.
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    \9\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).

    For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets, 
pursuant to delegated authority.\9\
Eduardo A. Aleman,
Assistant Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2018-01363 Filed 1-25-18; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 8011-01-P



                                               3816                              Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 18 / Friday, January 26, 2018 / Notices

                                               will have no effect on the assessment of                    At any time within 60 days of the                   personal identifying information from
                                               fees for current BOX Participants as they                filing of the proposed rule change, the                comment submissions. You should
                                               are all fully certified to transact business             Commission summarily may                               submit only information that you wish
                                               on the Exchange. Future BOX                              temporarily suspend the rule change if                 to make available publicly. All
                                               Participants will be assessed the ORF                    it appears to the Commission that the                  submissions should refer to File No.
                                               once their application has been                          action is necessary or appropriate in the              SR–BOX–2018–02, and should be
                                               approved; as BOX’s regulatory                            public interest, for the protection of                 submitted on or before February 16,
                                               responsibility begins as soon as a firm                  investors, or would otherwise further                  2018.
                                               becomes a Participant and not when the                   the purposes of the Act. If the
                                               Participant is technologically certified.                Commission takes such action, the                        For the Commission, by the Division of
                                                                                                        Commission shall institute proceedings                 Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated
                                               B. Self-Regulatory Organization’s                        to determine whether the proposed rule                 authority.16
                                               Statement on Burden on Competition                       should be approved or disapproved.                     Eduardo A. Aleman,
                                                  The Exchange does not believe that                    IV. Solicitation of Comments                           Assistant Secretary.
                                               the proposed rule change will impose                                                                            [FR Doc. 2018–01362 Filed 1–25–18; 8:45 am]
                                               any burden on competition not                              Interested persons are invited to
                                                                                                                                                               BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
                                               necessary or appropriate in furtherance                  submit written data, views, and
                                               of the purposes of the Act. The ORF is                   arguments concerning the foregoing,
                                               not intended to have any impact on                       including whether the proposed rule
                                                                                                                                                               SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
                                               competition. Rather, it is designed to                   change is consistent with the Act.
                                                                                                        Comments may be submitted by any of                    COMMISSION
                                               enable the Exchange to recover a
                                               material portion of the Exchange’s cost                  the following methods:
                                                                                                                                                               [Release No. 34–82548; File No. SR–CBOE–
                                               related to its regulatory activities. The                Electronic Comments                                    2018–005]
                                               Exchange is obligated to ensure that the                   • Use the Commission’s internet
                                               amount of regulatory revenue collected                   comment form (http://www.sec.gov/                      Self-Regulatory Organizations; Cboe
                                               from the ORF, in combination with its                    rules/sro.shtml); or                                   Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing and
                                               other regulatory fees and fines, does not                  • Send an email to rule-comments@                    Immediate Effectiveness of a Proposed
                                               exceed regulatory costs. Unilateral                      sec.gov. Please include File No. SR–                   Rule Change To Amend the Fees
                                               action by BOX in establishing fees for                   BOX–2018–02 on the subject line.                       Schedule Concerning Firm Incentive
                                               services provided to its Participants and                                                                       Programs
                                               others using its facilities will not have                Paper Comments
                                               an impact on competition. In the highly                     • Send paper comments in triplicate                 January 19, 2018.
                                               competitive environment for equity                       to Secretary, Securities and Exchange
                                                                                                                                                                  Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the
                                               options trading, BOX does not have the                   Commission, 100 F Street NE,
                                               market power necessary to set prices for                 Washington, DC 20549–1090.                             Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the
                                               services that are unreasonable or                                                                               ‘‘Act’’),1 and Rule 19b–4 thereunder,2
                                                                                                        All submissions should refer to File No.
                                               unfairly discriminatory in violation of                                                                         notice is hereby given that on January
                                                                                                        SR–BOX–2018–02. This file number
                                               the Act. The Exchange’s ORF, as                          should be included on the subject line                 12, 2017, Cboe Exchange, Inc. (the
                                               described herein, is comparable to fees                  if email is used. To help the                          ‘‘Exchange’’ or ‘‘Cboe Options’’) filed
                                               charged by other options exchanges for                   Commission process and review your                     with the Securities and Exchange
                                               the same or similar services. The                        comments more efficiently, please use                  Commission (the ‘‘Commission’’) the
                                               Exchange believes that limiting the                      only one method. The Commission will                   proposed rule change as described in
                                               changes to the ORF to twice a year on                    post all comments on the Commission’s                  Items I, II, and III below, which Items
                                               specific dates with advance notice is not                internet website (http://www.sec.gov/                  have been prepared by the Exchange.
                                               intended to address a competitive issue                  rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the                        The Commission is publishing this
                                               but rather to provide Participants with                  submission, all subsequent                             notice to solicit comments on the
                                               better notice of any change that the                     amendments, all written statements                     proposed rule change from interested
                                               Exchange may make to the ORF.                            with respect to the proposed rule                      persons.
                                               C. Self-Regulatory Organization’s                        change that are filed with the
                                                                                                        Commission, and all written                            I. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
                                               Statement on Comments on the                                                                                    Statement of the Terms of Substance of
                                               Proposed Rule Change Received From                       communications relating to the
                                                                                                        proposed rule change between the                       the Proposed Rule Change
                                               Members, Participants, or Others
                                                                                                        Commission and any person, other than                     The Exchange proposes to amend its
                                                 No written comments were either                        those that may be withheld from the                    Fees Schedule. The text of the proposed
                                               solicited or received.                                   public in accordance with the                          rule change is provided in Exhibit 5.
                                               III. Date of Effectiveness of the                        provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be
                                                                                                        available for website viewing and                         The text of the proposed rule change
                                               Proposed Rule Change and Timing for                                                                             is also available on the Exchange’s
                                               Commission Action                                        printing in the Commission’s Public
                                                                                                        Reference Room, 100 F Street NE,                       website (http://www.cboe.com/
                                                  The foregoing rule change has become                  Washington, DC 20549, on official                      AboutCBOE/CBOELegalRegulatory
                                               effective pursuant to Section                            business days between the hours of                     Home.aspx), at the Exchange’s Office of
daltland on DSKBBV9HB2PROD with NOTICES




                                               19(b)(3)(A)(ii) of the Exchange Act 14                   10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Copies of the                 the Secretary, and at the Commission’s
                                               and Rule 19b–4(f)(2) thereunder,15                       filing also will be available for                      Public Reference Room.
                                               because it establishes or changes a due,                 inspection and copying at the principal
                                               or fee.                                                  office of the Exchange. All comments
                                                                                                        received will be posted without change.                  16 17 CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).
                                                 14 15 US.C. 78s(b)(3)(A)(ii).                          Persons submitting comments are                          1 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
                                                 15 17 CFR 240.19b–4(f)(2).                             cautioned that we do not redact or edit                  2 17 CFR 240.19b–4.




                                          VerDate Sep<11>2014    20:14 Jan 25, 2018   Jkt 244001   PO 00000   Frm 00144   Fmt 4703   Sfmt 4703   E:\FR\FM\26JAN1.SGM     26JAN1


                                                                              Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 18 / Friday, January 26, 2018 / Notices                                                       3817

                                               II. Self-Regulatory Organization’s                      entity to cease to be an affiliate. A                  of any Non-TPH Affiliate who’s trading
                                               Statement of the Purpose of, and                        Clearing TPH is also required to certify               activity it seeks to aggregate. The
                                               Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule                  the affiliate status of any Non-TPH                    Exchange believes that it is incumbent
                                               Change                                                  Affiliate whose trading activity it seeks              on any TPH marking an order with any
                                                  In its filing with the Commission, the               to aggregate.                                          origin code to ensure that it is marking
                                               Exchange included statements                               The Exchange first proposes to modify               the order appropriately and meeting any
                                               concerning the purpose of and basis for                 which ‘‘L’’ orders may be included in                  stated criteria. Orders should only be
                                               the proposed rule change and discussed                  calculating the Firm Incentive Programs.               marked with an ‘‘L’’ origin code if it
                                               any comments it received on the                         Particularly, the Exchange proposes to                 meets the definition provided for in
                                               proposed rule change. The text of these                 eliminate the requirement that to be                   Footnote 11, which, as noted above,
                                               statements may be examined at the                       included in calculating the Firm                       requires that the order be from a 100%
                                               places specified in Item IV below. The                  Incentive Programs, ‘‘L’’ orders must be               wholly-owned affiliate or subsidiary of
                                               Exchange has prepared summaries, set                    proprietary orders of a Non-TPH                        a Clearing TPH that is registered as a
                                               forth in sections A, B, and C below, of                 Affiliate effected for purposes of                     United States or foreign broker-dealer
                                               the most significant aspects of such                    hedging the proprietary over-the-                      and that is not a Cboe Options TPH.
                                               statements.                                             counter trading of the Clearing TPH or                 Accordingly, the Exchange does not
                                                                                                       its affiliates. In its place, the Exchange             believe it’s necessary for further
                                               A. Self-Regulatory Organization’s                       proposes to provide that all proprietary               certification and therefore does not
                                               Statement of the Purpose of, and                        orders of a Non-TPH Affiliate may be                   believe this language is necessary to
                                               Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule                  included in the above-mentioned                        maintain in the Fees Schedule.
                                               Change                                                  calculations. The Exchange wishes to                      Lastly, the Exchange proposes to (i)
                                               1. Purpose                                              encourage Non-TPH Affiliates to send                   relocate to a new Footnote and (2)
                                                                                                       all of their proprietary orders to the                 modify, the language currently in
                                                  The Exchange proposes to amend its                   Exchange, not just transactions that are               Footnote 11 requiring each Clearing
                                               Fees Schedule. Particularly, the                        effected for purposes of hedging over-                 TPH to notify the TPH Department of all
                                               Exchange proposes to amend Footnote                     the-counter trading.                                   of its affiliations and of any event that
                                               11 of its Fees Schedule, which governs                     Next, the Exchange proposes to clarify              causes an entity to cease to be an
                                               the Clearing Trading Permit Holder Fee                  that in order to provide ‘‘L’’ origin code             affiliate. Particularly, the Exchange
                                               Cap, Proprietary Products Sliding Scale,                rates to ‘‘L’’ origin code orders, the                 notes that the definition of an ‘‘affiliate’’
                                               Proprietary VIX Sliding Scale, and                      orders need to clear through an                        as used in Footnote 11 (i.e., 75%
                                               Supplemental VIX Total Firm Discount                    Exchange-registered OCC number. The                    common ownership between the firms
                                               (collectively, ‘‘Firm Incentive                         Exchange notes that if an order marked                 as reflected on each firm’s Form BD,
                                               Programs’’) which applies to (i) Clearing               with an ‘‘L’’ origin code uses a non-                  Schedule A) is also referenced
                                               Trading Permit Holder proprietary                       Exchange registered OCC clearing                       numerous times throughout the Fees
                                               orders (‘‘F’’ origin code), and (ii) orders             number, the orders would not be                        Schedule. Particularly, there are a
                                               of Non-Trading Permit Holder Affiliates                 aggregated with any ‘‘F’’ orders, as the               number of other occasions for which the
                                               (‘‘Non-TPH Affiliates’’) of a Clearing                  clearing number is not known to the                    Exchange may aggregate activity
                                               Trading Permit Holder (‘‘Clearing TPH’’)                Exchange’s billing system. In order to                 between affiliates.3 As such, the
                                               orders (‘‘L’’ origin code). Footnote 11                 avoid confusion, the Exchange proposes                 Exchange believes it would be more
                                               currently defines a ‘‘Non-Trading Permit                to make clear that only proprietary                    appropriate to relocate the notice
                                               Holder Affiliate’’ for this purpose as a                orders of a Non-TPH Affiliate that clears              requirement to its own footnote
                                               100% wholly-owned affiliate or                          through a Cboe Options-registered OCC                  (proposed Footnote 39) and expand the
                                               subsidiary of a Clearing TPH that is                    clearing number(s) will be included in                 scope of the notice requirement to apply
                                               registered as a United States or foreign                calculating the Firm Incentive Programs.               to all TPHs (not just Clearing TPHs).
                                               broker-dealer and that is not a Cboe                    Similarly, the Exchange wishes to                      Accordingly, the Fees Schedule will
                                               Options Trading Permit Holder                           further clarify Footnote 16 and add a                  now provide that each TPH is
                                               (‘‘TPH’’). It also provides that only                   reference to ‘‘L’’ origin codes to                     responsible for notifying the Exchange
                                               proprietary orders of the Non-TPH                       Footnote 16. Footnote 16 currently                     of all its affiliates and is required to
                                               Affiliate effected for purposes of                      provides that Broker-Dealer transaction                inform the Exchange immediately of any
                                               hedging the proprietary over-the-                       fees (i.e., fees assessed for orders with a            event that causes an entity to cease to
                                               counter trading of the Clearing TPH or                  ‘‘B’’ origin code) will apply to certain               be an affiliate, in a form and manner to
                                               its affiliates will be included in                      orders with an ‘‘F’’ origin code if those              be determined by the Exchange. As
                                               calculating the Firm Incentive Programs.                orders are from OCC members that are                   noted above, an ‘‘affiliate’’ is defined as
                                               Additionally, Footnote 11 provides that                 not Cboe Options TPHs. As noted above,                 having at least 75% common ownership
                                               the Exchange will aggregate the fees and                if an order uses a non-Exchange                        between two entities as reflected on
                                               trading activity of separate Clearing                   registered OCC clearing number, the                    each entity’s Form BD, Schedule A.
                                               TPHs for the purposes of the Firm                       clearing number is not known to the
                                               Incentive Programs if there is at least                 Exchange’s billing system. This is true                2. Statutory Basis
                                               75% common ownership between the                        regardless of if the order came from an                   The Exchange believes the proposed
                                               Clearing TPHs as reflected on each                      OCC member that is or is not a Cboe                    rule change is consistent with the
                                               Clearing TPH’s Form BD, Schedule A.                     Options TPH. As such, the Exchange                     Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the
                                               Footnote 11 further states that each                    proposes to also clarify that ‘‘F’’ and ‘‘L’’          ‘‘Act’’) and the rules and regulations
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                                               Clearing TPH is responsible for                         orders will be billed as ‘‘B’’ orders if the
                                               notifying the TPH Department of all of                  orders are from OCC numbers that are                     3 See e.g., Cboe Exchange, Inc. Fees Schedule,

                                               its affiliations so that fees and contracts             not from Cboe Options TPHs or are not                  Footnote 10, which provides the Exchange will
                                               of the Clearing TPH and its affiliates                  registered with the Exchange.                          aggregate the trading activity of separate Liquidity
                                                                                                                                                              Provider firms for purposes of the Liquidity
                                               may be aggregated and each Clearing                        The Exchange next proposes to                       Provider Sliding Scale if there is at least 75%
                                               TPH is required to inform the Exchange                  eliminate the requirement that each                    common ownership between the firms as reflected
                                               immediately of any event that causes an                 Clearing TPH certify the affiliate status              on each firm’s Form BD, Schedule A.



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                                               3818                            Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 18 / Friday, January 26, 2018 / Notices

                                               thereunder applicable to the Exchange                    clearing number(s) will be processed as                affiliations and termination of such
                                               and, in particular, the requirements of                  an ‘‘L’’ order, maintains transparency in              relationships to be applicable to all
                                               Section 6(b) of the Act.4 Specifically,                  the Fees Schedule and reduces potential                TPHs and therefore be relocated to its
                                               the Exchange believes the proposed rule                  confusion. For the same reasons, the                   own footnote which would apply to the
                                               change is consistent with the Section                    Exchange is further clarifying Footnote                entire Fees Schedule. Additionally,
                                               6(b)(5) 5 requirements that the rules of                 16 to provide that both ‘‘F’’ and ‘‘L’’                clarifying that such information shall be
                                               an exchange be designed to prevent                       orders will be processed as Broker-                    communicated to the Exchange in a
                                               fraudulent and manipulative acts and                     Dealer (origin code ‘‘B’’) orders if they              form and manner to be determined by
                                               practices, to promote just and equitable                 are from an OCC number that does not                   the Exchange allows the Exchange to
                                               principles of trade, to foster cooperation               belong to a Cboe Options TPH or is not                 provide a uniform and orderly manner
                                               and coordination with persons engaged                    registered with the Exchange. As noted                 in which to receive the information.
                                               in regulating, clearing, settling,                       above, orders marked with either an ‘‘F’’
                                               processing information with respect to,                  or ‘‘L’’ origin code that clear through a              B. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
                                               and facilitating transactions in                         non-Exchange registered OCC clearing                   Statement on Burden on Competition
                                               securities, to remove impediments to                     number are not processed as such, as                      The Exchange does not believe that
                                               and perfect the mechanism of a free and                  the clearing number is not known to the                the proposed rule changes will impose
                                               open market and a national market                        Exchange’s billing system. The                         any burdens on competition that are not
                                               system, and, in general, to protect                      Exchange believes that explicitly                      necessary or appropriate in furtherance
                                               investors and the public interest.                       clarifying this requirement in both                    of the purposes of the Act. The
                                               Additionally, the Exchange believes the                  Footnote 11 and Footnote 16 will reduce                Exchange does not believe that the
                                               proposed rule change is consistent with                  potential confusion. The alleviation of                proposed rule change will impose any
                                               Section 6(b)(4) of the Act,6 which                       confusion removes impediments to and                   burden on intramarket competition that
                                               requires that Exchange rules provide for                 perfects the mechanism of a free and                   is not necessary or appropriate in
                                               the equitable allocation of reasonable                   open market and a national market                      furtherance of the purposes of the Act
                                               dues, fees, and other charges among its                  system, and, in general, protects                      because to the extent Non-TPH
                                               Trading Permit Holders and other                         investors and the public interest.                     Affiliates receive beneficial pricing, the
                                               persons using its facilities.                               The Exchange next believes it’s                     Exchange notes that Non-TPH
                                                  The Exchange believes allowing a                      reasonable to eliminate the requirement                Affiliate(s) are required to have
                                               Clearing TPH to aggregate its trading                    that each Clearing TPH certify the                     complete identity of common
                                               activity for purposes of the Firm                        affiliate status of any Non-TPH Affiliate              ownership between itself and its
                                               Incentive Programs with its Non-TPH                      who’s trading activity it seeks to                     affiliated Clearing TPH, and Clearing
                                               Affiliate(s) for all proprietary orders of               aggregate because the Exchange believes                TPHs have clearing obligations that
                                               the Non-TPH Affiliate(s) and not just                    marking an order with an ‘‘L’’ origin                  other market participants do not have.
                                               those effected for purposes of hedging                   code should serve as certification that                Moreover, the proposed changes are
                                               the proprietary over-the-counter trading                 the order meets the requirements                       intended to encourage market
                                               of the Clearing TPH or its affiliates is                 described above. Therefore, the                        participants to bring increased volume
                                               equitable, reasonable and not unfairly                   Exchange does not believe this current                 to the Exchange (which benefits all
                                               discriminatory. Particularly, the                        language is necessary to maintain in the               market participants). Additionally, the
                                               Exchange notes that ‘‘L’’ orders will                    Fees Schedule. Eliminating unnecessary                 clarifying rule changes are not intended
                                               continue to get the benefit of ‘‘L’’ order               language reduces potential confusion,
                                                                                                                                                               to address any competitive issues but
                                               rates (now just a wider universe of                      thereby removing impediments to and
                                                                                                                                                               rather to provide more clarity and
                                               orders). The Exchange believes it’s                      perfecting the mechanism of a free and
                                                                                                                                                               transparency regarding Non-TPH
                                               equitable and not unfairly                               open market and a national market
                                                                                                                                                               Affiliates and affiliates. The Exchange
                                               discriminatory to expand the scope of                    system, and, in general, protecting
                                                                                                                                                               does not believe that the proposed
                                               allowable ‘‘L’’ orders, as it still requires             investors and the public interest.
                                                                                                           Lastly, the Exchange believes its                   change will cause any unnecessary
                                               Non-TPH Affiliate(s) to be registered as
                                                                                                        proposal to (i) relocate the language                  burden on intermarket competition
                                               a United States or foreign broker-dealer
                                                                                                        requiring each Clearing TPH to notify                  because the proposed change only
                                               and for there to be complete identity of
                                                                                                        the TPH Department of all of its                       affects trading on Cboe Options. To the
                                               common ownership between the
                                                                                                        affiliations and of any event that causes              extent that the proposed changes make
                                               Clearing TPH and Non-TPH Affiliate.
                                                                                                        an entity to cease to be an affiliate from             Cboe Options a more attractive
                                               The Exchange does not believe it’s
                                                                                                        Footnote 11 to a new Footnote and (ii)                 marketplace for market participants at
                                               necessary to continue to require the
                                                                                                        modify the language to expand the                      other exchanges, such market
                                               Non-TPH Affiliate’s orders be effected
                                                                                                        scope of the language such that the                    participants are welcome to become
                                               for purposes of hedging. The
                                                                                                        notice requirement applies to the entire               Cboe Options market participants.
                                               elimination of this requirement would
                                               encourage the sending of all Non-TPH                     Fees Schedule, and all TPHs generally,                 C. Self-Regulatory Organization’s
                                               Affiliate’s proprietary orders, which                    promotes transparency in the Fees                      Statement on Comments on the
                                               thereby brings greater trading activity,                 Schedule and reduces confusion. As                     Proposed Rule Change Received From
                                               volume and liquidity, benefitting all                    noted above, the definition of an                      Members, Participants, or Others
                                               market participants.                                     affiliate (i.e., 75% common ownership
                                                                                                        between the firms as reflected on each                   The Exchange neither solicited nor
                                                  The Exchange next believes that
                                                                                                        firm’s Form BD, Schedule A) is                         received comments on the proposed
                                               clarifying Footnote 11 to state that only
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                                                                                                        referenced numerous times throughout                   rule change.
                                               proprietary orders of a Non-TPH
                                               Affiliate (‘‘L’’ origin code) that clear                 the Fees Schedule and there are a                      III. Date of Effectiveness of the
                                               through a Cboe Options-registered OCC                    number of other occasions for which the                Proposed Rule Change and Timing for
                                                                                                        Exchange aggregates activity between                   Commission Action
                                                 4 15 U.S.C. 78f(b).                                    such affiliates. As such, the Exchange
                                                 5 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).                                 believes it would be more appropriate                     The foregoing rule change has become
                                                 6 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(4).                                 for the language requiring notice of                   effective pursuant to Section 19(b)(3)(A)


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                                                                                 Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 18 / Friday, January 26, 2018 / Notices                                                    3819

                                               of the Act 7 and paragraph (f) of Rule                     inspection and copying at the principal                  For the Commission, by the Division of
                                               19b–4 8 thereunder. At any time within                     office of the Exchange. All comments                   Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated
                                               60 days of the filing of the proposed rule                 received will be posted without change.                authority.5
                                               change, the Commission summarily may                       Persons submitting comments are                        Eduardo A. Aleman,
                                               temporarily suspend such rule change if                    cautioned that we do not redact or edit                Assistant Secretary.
                                               it appears to the Commission that such                     personal identifying information from                  [FR Doc. 2018–01415 Filed 1–25–18; 8:45 am]
                                               action is necessary or appropriate in the                  comment submissions. You should                        BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
                                               public interest, for the protection of                     submit only information that you wish
                                               investors, or otherwise in furtherance of                  to make available publicly. All
                                               the purposes of the Act. If the                            submissions should refer to File                       SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
                                               Commission takes such action, the                          Number SR–CBOE–2018–005 and                            COMMISSION
                                               Commission will institute proceedings                      should be submitted on or before                       [Release No. 34–82552; File No. SR–
                                               to determine whether the proposed rule                     February 16, 2018.                                     CboeBZX–2017–006]
                                               change should be approved or                                 For the Commission, by the Division of
                                               disapproved.                                               Trading and Markets, pursuant to delegated             Self-Regulatory Organizations; Cboe
                                                                                                          authority.9                                            BZX Exchange, Inc.; Notice of
                                               IV. Solicitation of Comments
                                                                                                          Eduardo A. Aleman,                                     Designation of a Longer Period for
                                                 Interested persons are invited to                        Assistant Secretary.                                   Commission Action on Proposed Rule
                                               submit written data, views, and                                                                                   Change to List and Trade Shares of a
                                                                                                          [FR Doc. 2018–01363 Filed 1–25–18; 8:45 am]
                                               arguments concerning the foregoing,                                                                               Series of the Cboe Vest S&P 500
                                                                                                          BILLING CODE 8011–01–P
                                               including whether the proposed rule                                                                               Enhanced Growth Strategy ETF Under
                                               change is consistent with the Act.                                                                                the ETF Series Solutions Trust, Under
                                               Comments may be submitted by any of                        SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE                                Rule 14.11(c)(3), Index Fund Shares
                                               the following methods:                                     COMMISSION                                             January 19, 2018.
                                               Electronic Comments                                        [Release No. 34–82560; File No. SR–                       On November 21, 2017, Cboe BZX
                                                 • Use the Commission’s internet                          CboeBZX–2017–013]                                      Exchange, Inc. (‘‘Exchange’’) filed with
                                               comment form (http://www.sec.gov/                                                                                 the Securities and Exchange
                                               rules/sro.shtml); or                                       Self-Regulatory Organizations; Cboe                    Commission (‘‘Commission’’), pursuant
                                                 • Send an email to rule-comments@                        BZX Exchange, Inc.; Notice of                          to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities
                                               sec.gov. Please include File Number SR–                    Withdrawal of a Proposed Rule Change                   Exchange Act of 1934 (‘‘Act’’) 1 and Rule
                                               CBOE–2018–005 on the subject line.                         To List and Trade Shares of the REX                    19b–4 thereunder,2 a proposed rule
                                                                                                          Bitcoin Strategy ETF and the REX                       change to list and trade shares of a
                                               Paper Comments                                             Short Bitcoin Strategy ETF, Each a                     series of the Cboe Vest S&P 500®
                                                  • Send paper comments in triplicate                     Series of the Exchange Listed Funds                    Enhanced Growth Strategy ETF under
                                               to Secretary, Securities and Exchange                      Trust, Under Rule 14.11(i), Managed                    the ETF Series Solutions Trust under
                                               Commission, 100 F Street NE,                               Fund Shares                                            Exchange Rule 14.11(c)(3), Index Fund
                                               Washington, DC 20549–1090.                                                                                        Shares. The proposed rule change was
                                                                                                          January 22, 2018.
                                               All submissions should refer to File                         On December 15, 2017, Cboe BZX                       published for comment in the Federal
                                               Number SR–CBOE–2018–005. This file                         Exchange, Inc. (‘‘Exchange’’) filed with               Register on December 11, 2017.3 The
                                               number should be included on the                                                                                  Commission has received no comment
                                                                                                          the Securities and Exchange
                                               subject line if email is used. To help the                                                                        letters on the proposed rule change.
                                                                                                          Commission (‘‘Commission’’), pursuant
                                               Commission process and review your                                                                                   Section 19(b)(2) of the Act 4 provides
                                                                                                          to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities                  that, within 45 days of the publication
                                               comments more efficiently, please use                      Exchange Act of 1934 (‘‘Exchange
                                               only one method. The Commission will                                                                              of notice of the filing of a proposed rule
                                                                                                          Act’’) 1 and Rule 19b–4 thereunder,2 a                 change, or within such longer period up
                                               post all comments on the Commission’s                      proposed rule change to list and trade
                                               internet website (http://www.sec.gov/                                                                             to 90 days as the Commission may
                                                                                                          shares of the REX Bitcoin Strategy ETF                 designate if it finds such longer period
                                               rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the                            and the REX Short Bitcoin Strategy ETF,
                                               submission, all subsequent                                                                                        to be appropriate and publishes its
                                                                                                          each a series of the Exchange Listed                   reasons for so finding or as to which the
                                               amendments, all written statements                         Funds Trust, under Rule 14.11(i),
                                               with respect to the proposed rule                                                                                 self-regulatory organization consents,
                                                                                                          Managed Fund Shares. The proposed                      the Commission shall either approve the
                                               change that are filed with the                             rule change was published for comment
                                               Commission, and all written                                                                                       proposed rule change, disapprove the
                                                                                                          in the Federal Register on January 4,                  proposed rule change, or institute
                                               communications relating to the                             2018.3 The Commission received one
                                               proposed rule change between the                                                                                  proceedings to determine whether the
                                                                                                          comment letter on the proposed rule                    proposed rule change should be
                                               Commission and any person, other than                      change.4
                                               those that may be withheld from the                                                                               disapproved. The 45th day after
                                                                                                            On January 19, 2018, the Exchange                    publication of the notice for this
                                               public in accordance with the                              withdrew the proposed rule change
                                               provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be                                                                               proposed rule change is January 25,
                                                                                                          (SR–CboeBZX–2017–013).                                 2018. The Commission is extending this
                                               available for website viewing and
                                               printing in the Commission’s Public                          9 17
                                                                                                                                                                 45-day time period.
                                                                                                                 CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).                               The Commission finds that it is
                                               Reference Room, 100 F Street NE,                             1 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
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                                               Washington, DC 20549 on official                             2 17 CFR 240.19b–4.
                                                                                                                                                                 appropriate to designate a longer period
                                               business days between the hours of                           3 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 82417
                                                                                                                                                                   5 17
                                                                                                          (Dec. 28, 2017), 83 FR 570 (Jan. 4, 2018).                    CFR 200.30–3(a)(12).
                                               10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Copies of the                                                                              1 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
                                                                                                            4 See Letter from Stephen Knell (Jan. 9, 2018).
                                               filing also will be available for                          The comment on the proposed rule change is
                                                                                                                                                                   2 17 CFR 240.19b–4.
                                                                                                                                                                   3 See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 82216
                                                                                                          available on the Commission’s website at: https://
                                                 7 15   U.S.C. 78s(b)(3)(A).                                                                                     (December 5, 2017), 82 FR 58235.
                                                                                                          www.sec.gov/comments/sr-cboebzx-2017-013/
                                                 8 17   CFR 240.19b–4(f).                                 cboebzx2017013.htm.                                      4 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).




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Document Created: 2018-10-26 10:03:25
Document Modified: 2018-10-26 10:03:25
CategoryRegulatory Information
CollectionFederal Register
sudoc ClassAE 2.7:
GS 4.107:
AE 2.106:
PublisherOffice of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration
SectionNotices
FR Citation83 FR 3816 

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