83 FR 52345 - Adopting Standards for Laboratory Requirements

DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS

Federal Register Volume 83, Issue 201 (October 17, 2018)

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) proposes to amend its medical regulations to establish standards for VA clinical laboratories. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has established standards for the staffing, management, procedures, and oversight of clinical laboratories that perform testing used for the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of any disease or impairment of, or health assessment of, human beings. VA is required, in consultation with HHS, to establish standards equal to those applicable to other clinical laboratories. As a matter of policy and practice VA has applied HHS standards to its VA laboratory operations, and this proposed rule would formalize this practice. The proposed rule would establish quality standards for laboratory testing performed on specimens from humans, such as blood, body fluid and tissue, for the purpose of diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease, or assessment of health. Specifically, it would address how VA applies regulations as the controlling standards for VA medical facility laboratories.

[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 201 (Wednesday, October 17, 2018)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 52345-52350]
From the Federal Register Online  [www.thefederalregister.org]
[FR Doc No: 2018-22452]


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DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS

38 CFR Part 17

RIN 2900-AP64


Adopting Standards for Laboratory Requirements

AGENCY: Department of Veterans Affairs.

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) proposes to amend its 
medical regulations to establish standards for VA clinical 
laboratories. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) has 
established standards for the staffing, management, procedures, and 
oversight of clinical laboratories that perform testing used for the 
diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of any disease or impairment of, or 
health assessment of, human beings. VA is required, in consultation 
with HHS, to establish standards equal to those applicable to other 
clinical laboratories. As a matter of policy and practice VA has 
applied HHS standards to its VA laboratory operations, and this 
proposed rule would formalize this practice. The proposed rule would 
establish quality standards for laboratory testing performed on 
specimens from humans, such as blood, body fluid and tissue, for the 
purpose of diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease, or 
assessment of health. Specifically, it would address how VA applies 
regulations as the controlling

[[Page 52346]]

standards for VA medical facility laboratories.

DATES: Comments must be received on or before December 17, 2018.

ADDRESSES: Written comments may be submitted through 
www.regulations.gov; by mail or hand-delivery to the Director, 
Regulation Policy and Management (00REG), Department of Veterans 
Affairs, 810 Vermont Ave. NW, Room 1063B, Washington, DC 20420; or by 
fax to (202) 273-9026. Comments should indicate that they are submitted 
in response to ``RIN 2900-AP64--Adopting 42 CFR Part 493 Laboratory 
Requirements.'' Copies of comments received will be available for 
public inspection in the Office of Regulation Policy and Management, 
Room 1063B, between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 4:30 p.m., Monday 
through Friday (except holidays). Please call (202) 461-4902 for an 
appointment. (This is not a toll-free number.) In addition, during the 
comment period, comments may be viewed online through the Federal 
Docket Management System (FDMS) at http://www.regulations.gov.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Quynh Vantu, Health Science 
Specialist, Pathology and Laboratory Service (10P11P), Office of 
Specialty Care Services, Veterans Health Administration, Department of 
Veterans Affairs, 810 Vermont Ave. NW, Room 1063B, Washington, DC 
20420, (202) 632-8418. (This is not a toll-free number.)

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The Clinical Laboratory Improvement 
Amendments of 1988 (Pub. L. (PL) 100-578) amended section 353 of the 
Public Health Service Act to establish legal requirements for the 
staffing, management, procedures, and oversight of clinical 
laboratories that perform testing used for the diagnosis, prevention, 
or treatment of any disease or impairment of, or health assessment of, 
human beings. These statutory requirements are codified at 42 U.S.C. 
263a. The term ``laboratory'' or ``clinical laboratory'' are defined at 
42 U.S.C. 263a(a) as a facility for the biological, microbiological, 
serological, chemical, immuno-hematological, hematological, 
biophysical, cytological, pathological, or other examination of 
materials derived from the human body for the purpose of providing 
information for the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of any disease 
or impairment of, or the assessment of the health of, human beings. 
Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), within HHS, promulgated 
regulations for the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA) 
at title 42, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 493. CMS has 
primary responsibility for the administration of the CLIA program.
    ``. . . [T]o assure consistent performance of medical facility 
laboratories under the jurisdiction of the Secretary [of Veterans 
Affairs] of valid and reliable laboratory examinations and other 
procedures,'' section 101 of Public Law 102-139 (``1991 Act'') was 
enacted, requiring VA, within a specified time-frame and in 
consultation with HHS, ``to establish standards [by regulation] equal 
to that applicable to other medical facility laboratories in accordance 
with the requirements of section 353(f) of the Public Health Service 
Act.'' VA's regulations must ``include appropriate provisions 
respecting compliance with such requirements [set forth in section 
353(f) of the Public Health Service Act]'' and may include appropriate 
provisions respecting waivers and accreditations described in sections 
353(d) and 353(e), respectively, of the Public Health Service Act. As a 
matter of policy and practice, VA believes it has met these statutory 
requirements; however, VA is issuing this proposed rule to comply with 
the requirement for formal rulemaking. Since enactment of section 
101(a) of the 1991 Act, VA has collaborated with HHS in reviewing VA 
requirements and in developing standards for VA's medical facility 
laboratories that meet the requirements of law.
    VA policy and practice regarding CLIA compliance was developed in 
consultation with HHS in 1994 and 1998. VA laboratories are accredited 
by accrediting organizations granted deeming authority by CMS (i.e., 
HHS-approved accreditation organization) to ensure its laboratories are 
in compliance with current CLIA regulations. Based on consultation with 
CMS in 1994 and 1998, the accreditation organization(s) provide 
oversight for proficiency testing in VA laboratories, as set forth in 
CLIA. Deeming authority is granted to an accrediting organization by 
CMS after a determination that the organization's accreditation 
oversight program requires that laboratories comply with or exceed CLIA 
standards. CMS has granted ``deeming authority'' to several other 
organization allowing them to accredit laboratories and inspect the 
laboratories in CMS's stead. The history of the process of the 
development of CLIA equivalent VHA standards in consultation with CMS 
is documented in the interagency agreement (IAA) between VA and CMS.
    In 2000, after further consultation, VA and CMS entered into an 
IAA, which documented the history of the parties' consultations and 
agreements and granted VA limited authority to act on behalf of CMS. 
Specifically, the IAA authorized VA to issue CMS CLIA numbers and CLIA 
certificates to VA laboratories, which requires VA to notify CMS when 
VA suspends or retires CLIA numbers assigned to VA laboratories.
    This agreement was renewed in 2010, and CMS and VA have agreed to 
review and update the interagency agreement as necessary in 2018, and 
every 6 years thereafter. In addition, CMS and VA agree to meet 
annually to discuss program issues of mutual importance.
    To ensure VA remains current with CMS CLIA requirements, VA 
participates in the CMS Partners in Laboratory Oversight group, 
consults will CMS as needed, and participates in at least one formal 
consultative meeting per year. These engagements with CMS facilitates 
ongoing communication and coordination, and promotes effective 
oversight necessary to coordinate major activities, and expeditious, 
effective response to complaints, survey findings, and publicly 
volatile situations. VA staff attend State Agency Surveyor training, 
and CLIA surveyor webinars. VA has also convened ad hoc conferences 
with CMS when the exchange of information on CLIA may be needed. VA 
provides updates at the annual partners meeting and participates in 
audio conferences as requested. The CMS CLIA Program Director 
participates in VA's annual conference in which CMS, VA, and Department 
of Defense provide updates on laboratory issues and enforcement of 
laboratory regulations. As discussed below, VA laboratories that 
perform testing are all accredited and inspected by accrediting 
organizations granted deeming authority by CMS. As such, VA has 
documentation that its laboratories meet current CLIA standards.
    VA provides updated data to CMS for each VA laboratory assigned a 
CLIA number at least every two years, or as changes occur. VA provides 
CMS with any requested information regarding the operation and 
performance of VA laboratories and the operations of the oversight 
program.
    Under the 1991 Act, the definition of ``medical facility 
laboratories'' has the same meaning previously used to define the terms 
``laboratory'' or ``clinical laboratory'' pursuant to section 353(a) of 
the Public Health Service Act, codified at 42 U.S.C. 263a(a). VA 
concluded that it should adopt 42 CFR part 493 regulations that were 
applicable to clinical laboratory operations but keep oversight and 
enforcement of these regulations as applied to VA laboratories within 
VA, rather than

[[Page 52347]]

HHS. Under current VA practice, VA fulfills all laboratory oversight of 
and enforcement functions for VA laboratories that CMS fulfills for HHS 
with respect to laboratories subject to CLIA. VA has the authority and 
responsibility to provide enforcement of the CLIA regulations for VA 
laboratories, including imposing sanctions and discontinuing laboratory 
testing. VA believes this determination is consistent with the fact 
that Congress passed an entirely separate law (Pub. L. 102-139) for VA 
medical facility laboratories under the exclusive jurisdiction and 
control of the Secretary of Veterans Affairs.
    The 42 CFR part 493 regulations are very detailed and include 
multiple subparts that address clinical laboratory tests. The 
laboratory regulations include requirements for proficiency testing; 
facility administration; quality systems; personnel qualifications; 
responsibilities for laboratory personnel, including laboratory 
directors and testing personnel; laboratory inspections; and 
enforcement. Several subparts are not directly applicable to VA medical 
facility laboratories because they address administration of the 
oversight and enforcement functions performed by CMS under 42 CFR part 
493. Sections of 42 CFR part 493 that refer to the interactions with 
state programs, collections of fees, suspension of payments, creation 
of an advisory committee, and civil action are not applicable to VA, as 
discussed in greater detail below.
    Although the requirement for consultation between HHS and VA was 
accomplished over 20 years ago, we are now proposing to formalize, 
document, and update, as necessary, VA's application of the CLIA 
requirements to VA laboratory operations. VA proposes to amend its 
medical regulations to reference the portions of 42 CFR part 493 
adopted by VA as they apply to VA medical facility laboratories and 
clinics and to clarify that these standards are subject to VA oversight 
and enforcement by VA only. In addition, the proposed rule would 
require VA laboratories to be accredited by an accreditation 
organization granted deeming authority by CMS, in accordance with the 
accreditation requirement in CLIA, and participate in an HHS approved 
proficiency testing program.
    Through this proposed rulemaking, in accordance with current VA 
policy and practice, VA can continue to assure that medical facility 
laboratories across our system perform consistent, accurate and 
reliable laboratory testing, ensuring the provision of quality testing 
for our veteran-patients in a manner comparable to non-VA laboratories.
    We note that, in addition to 42 CFR part 493 standards, VA 
recognizes and adheres to worker safety standards established by the 
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the U.S. 
Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC). In addition, the U.S. Food and 
Drug Administration (FDA) regulates the collection of blood and blood 
components intended for transfusion or for further manufacturing use, 
such as to make clotting factors, and establishes standards for blood 
and blood products. FDA also regulates related products such as cell 
separation devices, blood collection containers and HIV screening tests 
that are intended for use in the manufacture of blood or blood 
products. FDA develops and enforces quality standards, inspects blood 
establishments, and monitors reports of errors, accidents and adverse 
clinical events. Those additional standards are beyond the scope of 
this proposed rule.
    VA proposes to add a new section 17.3500, ``Adopting 42 CFR Part 
493 Laboratory Requirements,'' to its medical regulations. There, we 
would address CLIA regulations found at 42 CFR part 493, by subpart, 
and how VA would apply those regulations.
    We state that all laboratory testing within VA performed for the 
diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease, and assessment of 
health in patients would comply with the relevant requirements 
established by HHS under 42 CFR part 493 as enforced by VA. VA 
laboratory testing must meet, at a minimum, requirements established in 
42 CFR part 493. These requirements must be met for any laboratory 
service offered by a VA medical facility, as well as contracted 
laboratory services performed on site at VA laboratories, outreach 
clinics, or testing sites. Provisions that are specific to oversight by 
state licensure programs are not applicable, since VA as a federal 
entity is not subject to state licensing requirements. Except as noted 
in the proposed rule, functions and responsibilities assigned to CMS in 
42 CFR part 493 are assumed by VA with respect to laboratories operated 
by or on behalf of VA.
    Part 493 subpart A covers general provisions. We propose that all 
provisions of subpart A would apply to VA with several exceptions 
intended to reflect that VA has the authority, responsibility, and duty 
to administer 42 CFR part 493 standards within VA. We state that 
functions assigned to HHS in this subpart would be performed by VA. 
This is consistent with an IAA previously entered into between VA and 
CMS. The regulation would set forth that the respective provisions of 
42 CFR part 493 apply to VA laboratories performing waived, moderate, 
and high complexity tests.
    Subparts B through D address certificates issued by CMS. Subpart B 
focuses on Certificates of Waiver. Subpart C addresses Registration 
Certificates, Certificates for PPM procedures, and Certificates of 
Compliance. PPM procedures are a select group of moderately complex 
microscopy tests commonly performed by specific health care providers 
during patient office visits. Tests included in PPM procedures do not 
meet the criteria for waiver because they are not simple procedures; 
they require training and specific skills for test performance. Subpart 
D focuses on Certificates of Accreditation. These subparts establish 
standards for CMS-issuance of the listed certificates as well as fees 
that must be remitted to CMS by regulated laboratories in order to 
apply for and receive certification. We state that all provisions of 
these subparts would apply to VA laboratories, except that certificates 
issued by HHS under these subparts are instead issued by VA pursuant to 
the previously noted interagency agreement between CMS and VA. As 
certificates are issued by VA rather than CMS, CMS does not require 
remittance of a fee from laboratories for any certificate issued by VA 
under these subparts.
    Subpart E addresses accreditation by a private, nonprofit 
accreditation organization or exemption under an approved State 
laboratory program. Under this subpart, a laboratory may meet 
individual VA and CLIA program requirements through accreditation by a 
CMS approved nonprofit accreditation organization (AO). The subpart 
establishes an application and approval process for an accreditation 
organization seeking to be granted deeming authority by CMS, as well as 
a process in which CMS may validate findings of an accreditation 
organization by reinspection of a laboratory following an inspection by 
that accreditation organization. CLIA has granted ``deeming authority'' 
to several accreditation organizations allowing them to accredit 
laboratories and inspect the laboratories. These accreditation 
organizations must impose organizations' requirements equal to or more 
stringent than those contained in 42 CFR part 493 at the condition 
level. The subpart also establishes standards for CLIA exemptions under 
an approved State laboratory program. All provisions would apply to VA, 
to the extent that

[[Page 52348]]

this subpart addresses accreditation by a private, nonprofit 
accreditation organization. However, the provisions related to approved 
State laboratory program do not apply to VA.
    The proposed rule states that VA would use only accreditation 
agencies with CMS-granted deeming authority to accredit VA 
laboratories. This is consistent with current, longstanding, VA 
practice. CMS has an established process for determining whether an 
accreditation organization should be granted deeming authority, and 
experience in making that determination. VA has determined that there 
is no need to duplicate that process and relying on CMS' approval of an 
accreditation organization ensures that VA would not reach any 
conclusions on deeming authority that are inconsistent with CMS.
    A validation inspection is a quality control measure performed by 
CMS under Subpart E. It involves CMS reinspection of a laboratory that 
has recently been inspected by an accreditation organization with 
deeming authority, to validate that AO's survey findings. We state that 
validation inspections performed by CMS under subpart E would be 
performed instead by VA. This is consistent with current practice, and 
VA's authority under the 1991 Act to provide oversight and enforcement 
of the requirements set forth in 42 CFR part 493, as oversight and 
enforcement functions under this subpart as applied to VA laboratories 
are performed by VA.
    General administration provisions related to 42 CFR part 493 are 
found at Subpart F. This subpart sets forth the methodology for 
determining the amount of fees for issuing the appropriate certificate, 
and for determining compliance with the applicable standards of the 
Public Health Service Act and the Federal validation of accredited 
laboratories. We state that provisions of Subpart F would not be 
applicable to VA, as CMS does not collect fees for certification of VA 
laboratories
    Subpart H addresses participation in proficiency testing for 
laboratories performing nonwaived testing. Nonwaived testing is the 
term used by CMS to refer collectively to moderate and high complexity 
testing. We state that all provisions of this subpart would apply to 
VA, and VA employs scoring criteria under this subpart.
    Subpart I focuses on the approval of proficiency testing programs. 
The proposed rule states that VA would rely on HHS to approve 
proficiency testing programs. VA would continue to use only HHS 
approved proficiency testing programs. HHS has an established process 
for proficiency testing program approval and experience in making that 
determination. VA has determined that there is no need to duplicate 
that process and relies on HHS program approvals.
    Subpart J addresses facility administration for nonwaived testing, 
and sets standards for facility construction, transfusion services, and 
records retention. We state that all provisions of this subpart would 
apply to VA.
    Subpart K focuses on quality systems for nonwaived testing. Under 
this subpart, each laboratory that performs nonwaived testing must 
establish and maintain written policies and procedures that implement 
and monitor a quality system for all phases of the total testing 
process (that is, preanalytic, analytic, and postanalytic) as well as 
general laboratory systems. Laboratory quality systems must include a 
quality assessment component that ensures continuous improvement of the 
laboratory's performance and services through ongoing monitoring that 
identifies, evaluates, and resolves problems. The laboratory's quality 
system must be appropriate for the specialties and subspecialties of 
testing that the laboratory performs, services it offers, and clients 
it serves. This subpart establishes requirements for different 
specialties and subspecialties of laboratory tests and VA would apply 
all established requirements.
    Personnel requirements for performing non-waived testing are 
addressed in subpart M. All applicable personnel requirements would 
meet CLIA requirements with the exception of state-specific licensing 
requirements. Subpart M requires that certain personnel maintain a 
license in the state in which the laboratory is located. While VA 
health care providers must be licensed in a state, there is no 
requirement that the health care provider be licensed in the state 
where the VA facility at which the provider works is located. See, 38 
U.S.C. 7402 (requiring licensure in any state for eligibility to an 
appointment as VHA health care provider regardless of VHA facility 
location).
    Subpart Q establishes inspection requirements for all CLIA-
certified and CLIA-exempt state laboratories. We state that all 
provisions would apply to VA, except that all enforcement and oversight 
functions that are assigned to HHS in this subpart are performed by VA.
    Subpart R sets forth enforcement procedures, including the policies 
and procedures CMS uses to enforce CLIA requirements, as well as appeal 
rights of laboratories on which CMS imposes sanctions. We state that 
all provisions would apply to VA with the following exceptions. 
Suspension of the right to Medicare or Medicaid payments as an 
available sanction against VA laboratories is not applicable because VA 
laboratories do not participate in these programs. Enforcement and 
oversight functions would be performed by VA rather than HHS or CMS. VA 
is responsible for ensuring its laboratories comply with these CLIA 
requirements, and taking immediate action in the jeopardy to patients. 
See, Public Law 102-139, section 101; 42 CFR 493.1218. Due process 
protections afforded by CMS-certified laboratories facing sanctions 
would not apply to laboratories operating by or under contract with VA. 
If VA had a substantial testing issue with a non-VA CMS-certified 
laboratory, VA would notify CMS of that instant. Laboratories subject 
to this proposed rule are operated by VA or under contract with VA. 
Finally, we state that VA would not participate in laboratory registry 
under 42 CFR 493.1850. This is consistent with longstanding VA policy 
and practice. The laboratory registry operated by CMS under part 493 
includes collection of data that is not applicable to VA. Examples 
include a list of laboratories that have been convicted, under Federal 
or State laws relating to fraud and abuse, false billing, or kickbacks; 
all appeals and hearing decisions; a list of laboratories against which 
CMS has sued under Sec.  493.1846 and the reasons for those actions; 
and, a list of laboratories that have been excluded from participation 
in Medicare or Medicaid and the reasons for the exclusion. VA has made 
VA laboratory information available to the public in accordance with 
the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552. VA believes this would 
provide the public with greater access to information than that found 
in the private sector.
    Subpart T requires HHS to establish a Clinical Laboratory 
Improvement Advisory Committee (CLIAC) to advise and make 
recommendations on technical and scientific aspects of the provisions 
of part 493. The committee is managed by the Centers for Disease 
Control and Prevention (CDC), provides scientific and technical advice 
and guidance to HHS. The Committee includes diverse membership across 
laboratory specialties, professional roles, (laboratory management, 
technical, physicians, nurses) and practice settings (academic, 
clinical, public health), and includes a consumer

[[Page 52349]]

representative. VA benefits from the diversity, broad knowledge, and 
expertise of government and non-government participants that make up 
CLIAC, because any issues addressed that result in changes to the part 
493 regulations, then also become a requirement for VA. Since VA 
complies with part 493 regulations, VA ultimately benefits from 
revisions for improvement to standards initiated by CLIAC. CLIAC is 
governed by the Federal Advisory Committee Act (FACA), Public Law 92-
463. FACA was enacted in 1972 to establish guidelines on federal 
advisory committee structures and operations. As VA does not have a 
similar FACA-level advisory committee, this subpart would not apply to 
VA.

Effect of Rulemaking

    The Code of Federal Regulations, as proposed to be revised by this 
proposed rulemaking, would represent the exclusive legal authority on 
this subject. No contrary rules or procedures would be authorized. All 
VA guidance would be read to conform with this proposed rulemaking if 
possible or, if not possible, such guidance would be superseded by this 
rulemaking.

Paperwork Reduction Act

    This proposed rule contains no provisions constituting a collection 
of information under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 
3501-3521).

Regulatory Flexibility Act

    The Secretary hereby certifies that this proposed rule would not 
have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities as they are defined in the Regulatory Flexibility Act, 5 
U.S.C. 601-612. It would affect only the operations of VA medical 
facility laboratories. Therefore, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 605(b), this 
rulemaking would be exempt from the initial and final regulatory 
flexibility analysis requirements of 5 U.S.C. 603 and 604.

Executive Order 12866, 13563 and 13771

    Executive Orders 12866 and 13563 direct agencies to assess the 
costs and benefits of available regulatory alternatives and, when 
regulation is necessary, to select regulatory approaches that maximize 
net benefits (including potential economic, environmental, public 
health and safety effects, and other advantages; distributive impacts; 
and equity). Executive Order 13563 (Improving Regulation and Regulatory 
Review) emphasizes the importance of quantifying both costs and 
benefits, reducing costs, harmonizing rules, and promoting flexibility. 
Executive Order 12866 (Regulatory Planning and Review) defines a 
``significant regulatory action,'' requiring review by the Office of 
Management and Budget (OMB), unless OMB waives such review, as ``any 
regulatory action that is likely to result in a rule that may: (1) Have 
an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more or adversely 
affect in a material way the economy, a sector of the economy, 
productivity, competition, jobs, the environment, public health or 
safety, or State, local, or tribal governments or communities; (2) 
Create a serious inconsistency or otherwise interfere with an action 
taken or planned by another agency; (3) Materially alter the budgetary 
impact of entitlements, grants, user fees, or loan programs or the 
rights and obligations of recipients thereof; or (4) Raise novel legal 
or policy issues arising out of legal mandates, the President's 
priorities, or the principles set forth in this Executive Order.''
    The economic, interagency, budgetary, legal, and policy 
implications of this proposed rule have been examined, and it has been 
determined to be a significant regulatory action under Executive Order 
12866, because it raises novel legal or policy issues arising out of 
legal mandates, the President's priorities, or the principles set forth 
in this Executive Order. VA's impact analysis can be found as a 
supporting document at http://www.regulations.gov, usually within 48 
hours after the rulemaking document is published. Additionally, a copy 
of the rulemaking and its impact analysis are available on VA's website 
at http://www.va.gov/orpm/, by following the link for ``VA Regulations 
Published From FY 2004 Through Fiscal Year to Date.'' This proposed 
rule is not expected to be subject to the requirements of E.O. 13771 
because this proposed rule is expected to result in no more than de 
minimis costs using a post-statutory baseline reflecting current 
practices within VA.

Unfunded Mandates

    The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 requires, at 2 U.S.C. 
1532, that agencies prepare an assessment of anticipated costs and 
benefits before issuing any rule that may result in the expenditure by 
State, local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the 
private sector, of $100 million or more (adjusted annually for 
inflation) in any one year. This proposed rule would have no such 
effect on State, local, and tribal governments, or on the private 
sector.

Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance

    The Catalog of Federal Domestic Assistance numbers and titles for 
the programs affected by this document are 64.008--Veterans Domiciliary 
Care; 64.011--Veterans Dental Care; 64.029--Purchase Care Program; 
64.033--VA Supportive Services for Veteran Families Program; 64.040--VA 
Inpatient Medicine; 64.041--VA Outpatient Specialty Care; 64.042--VA 
Inpatient Surgery; 64.043--VA Mental Health Residential; 64.044--VA 
Home Care; 64.045--VA Outpatient Ancillary Services; 64.046--VA 
Inpatient Psychiatry; 64.047--VA Primary Care; 64.048--VA Mental Health 
clinics; 64.049--VA Community Living Center; 64.050--VA Diagnostic 
Care; 64.054--Research and Development.

List of Subjects in 38 CFR Part 17

    Administrative practice and procedure, Alcohol abuse, Alcoholism, 
Claims, Day care, Dental health, Drug abuse, Government contracts, 
Grant programs-health, Grant programs-veterans, Health care, Health 
facilities, Health professions, Health records, Homeless, Medical and 
Dental schools, Medical devices, Medical research, Mental health 
programs, Nursing homes, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, 
Travel and transportation expenses, Veterans.

Signing Authority

    The Secretary of Veterans Affairs, or designee, approved this 
document and authorized the undersigned to sign and submit the document 
to the Office of the Federal Register for publication electronically as 
an official document of the Department of Veterans Affairs. Gina S. 
Farrisee, Deputy Chief of Staff, Department of Veterans Affairs, 
approved this document on September 19, 2017, for publication.

    Dated: October 11, 2018.
Consuela Benjamin,
Regulation Development Coordinator, Office of Regulation Policy & 
Management, Office of the Secretary, Department of Veterans Affairs.

    For the reasons set forth in the preamble, VA proposes to amend 38 
CFR part 17 as follows:

PART 17--MEDICAL

0
1. The authority citation for part 17 is amended by adding a sentence 
immediately following the statutory authority citation for section 
17.655 to read as follows:


[[Page 52350]]


    Authority: 38 U.S.C. 501, and as noted in specific sections:
* * * * *
    Section 17.3500 is also issued under Public Law 102-139 sec. 
101.

0
2. Add an undesignated center heading and Sec.  17.3500 to read as 
follows:

Clinical Laboratory Standards


Sec.  17.3500  VA application of 42 CFR part 493 standards for clinical 
laboratory operations.

    All laboratory testing within VA performed for the diagnosis, 
prevention, or treatment of any disease or impairment of, or health 
assessment of, human beings must comply with the listed requirements 
established by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) under 
the following subparts of 42 CFR part 493 as interpreted, administered, 
and enforced by VA. VA laboratory testing must meet, at a minimum, 
requirements established in 42 CFR part 493. These standards must be 
met for any laboratory service offered within a VA medical facility or 
outreach clinics, as well as contracted laboratory services performed 
on site at VA laboratories, outreach clinics, or testing sites. Except 
as noted below, functions and responsibilities assigned to the Centers 
for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) in 42 CFR part 493 are assumed 
by VA. Provisions that are specific to oversight by state licensure 
programs are not applicable. VA administers the application of the 
relevant provisions of 42 CFR part 493 to VA laboratories as follows:
    (a) Subpart A--General provisions. All provisions apply to VA with 
the following exceptions:
    (1) Functions assigned to HHS in this subpart are performed by VA.
    (2) While 42 CFR part 493 requires laboratories that perform 
waived, moderate and high complexity tests to meet the regulations, VA 
requires VA laboratories meet or exceed the requirements of 42 CFR part 
493.
    (b) Subpart B--Certificate of waiver. All provisions apply to VA, 
except that:
    (1) Certificates issued by HHS under this subpart are instead 
issued by VA pursuant to an agreement between CMS and VA.
    (2) CMS does not require remittance of a fee from laboratories for 
any certificate issued by the VA under this subpart.
    (c) Subpart C--Registration certificate, certificate for provider-
performed microscopy procedures, and certificate of compliance. All 
provisions apply to VA, except that:
    (1) Certificates issued by HHS under this subpart are instead 
issued by VA pursuant to an agreement between CMS and VA.
    (2) CMS does not require remittance of a fee from laboratories for 
any certificate issued by VA under this subpart.
    (d) Subpart D--Certificates of accreditation. All provisions apply 
to VA, except that:
    (1) Certificates issued by HHS under this subpart are instead 
issued by VA pursuant to an agreement between CMS and VA.
    (2) CMS does not require remittance of a fee from laboratories for 
any certificate issued by VA under this subpart.
    (e) Subpart E--Accreditation by a private, nonprofit accreditation 
organization or exemption under an approved state laboratory program. 
All provisions apply to VA, to the extent that this subpart addresses 
accreditation by a private, nonprofit accreditation organization. VA 
applies this subpart as follows:
    (1) VA relies on CMS to grant deeming authority for accreditation 
organizations. VA uses only these accreditation agencies with deeming 
authority to accredit VA laboratories.
    (2) VA uses only CMS approved proficiency testing providers.
    (3) Proficiency testing providers release proficiency testing 
results directly to VA.
    (4) VA, rather than CMS, performs validation inspections of VA 
laboratories.
    (5) Oversight and enforcement functions under this subpart are 
performed by VA.
    (f) Subpart F--General administration. This subpart sets forth the 
methodology for determining the amount of the fees for issuing the 
appropriate certificate, and for determining compliance with the 
applicable standards of the Public Health Service Act and the Federal 
validation of accredited laboratories and of CLIA-exempt laboratories. 
This subpart is inapplicable to VA, as CMS does not collect fees for 
certification of VA laboratories.
    (g) Subpart H--Participation in proficiency testing for 
laboratories performing nonwaived testing. All provisions apply to VA, 
except that all enforcement and oversight functions related to 
proficiency testing which are assigned to HHS in this subpart are 
performed by VA.
    (h) Subpart I--Proficiency testing programs for nonwaived testing. 
All provisions apply to VA, and VA employs scoring criteria under this 
subpart. VA uses only CMS approved proficiency testing providers. 
Enforcement and oversight functions related to proficiency testing 
which are assigned to HHS in this subpart are performed by VA.
    (i) Subpart J--Facility administration for nonwaived testing. VA 
applies standards established in this subpart.
    (j) Subpart K--Quality system for nonwaived testing. VA applies 
standards established in this subpart.
    (k) Subpart M--Personnel for nonwaived testing. VA applies 
standards established in this subpart, except that requirements 
regarding maintaining a license in the state where the laboratory is 
located are not applicable.
    (l) Subpart Q--Inspection. VA applies standards established in this 
subpart, except that all enforcement and oversight functions, which are 
assigned to HHS in this subpart are performed by VA.
    (m) Subpart R--Enforcement procedures. VA applies standards 
established in this subpart, except:
    (1) Enforcement and oversight functions which are assigned to HHS 
in this subpart are performed by VA.
    (2) Due process protections afforded by CMS-certified for 
laboratories facing sanctions are not applicable to laboratories 
operating under this section.
    (3) Suspension of the right to Medicare or Medicaid payments as an 
available sanction is not applicable. VA does not participate in these 
programs.
    (4) State onsite monitoring and monetary penalties imposed by CMS 
as an alternate sanction under 42 CFR 493.1806(c) are not applicable.
    (5) VA may cease laboratory testing immediately at any site subject 
to this section upon notification of immediate jeopardy to patients.
    (6) VA does not participate in laboratory registry under 42 CFR 
493.1850. VA may disclose laboratory information useful in evaluating 
the performance of laboratories under 5 U.S.C. 552.
    (n) Subpart T--Consultations. This subpart requires HHS to 
establish a Clinical Laboratory Improvement Advisory Committee (CLIAC) 
to advise and make recommendations on technical and scientific aspects 
of the provisions of part 493. This subpart does not apply to VA.

[FR Doc. 2018-22452 Filed 10-16-18; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 8320-01-P