83_FR_61517
Page Range | 61288-61307 | |
FR Document | 2018-25634 |
[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 229 (Wednesday, November 28, 2018)] [Proposed Rules] [Pages 61288-61307] From the Federal Register Online [www.thefederalregister.org] [FR Doc No: 2018-25634] [[Page 61287]] Vol. 83 Wednesday, No. 229 November 28, 2018 Part IV Department of the Interior ----------------------------------------------------------------------- Fish and Wildlife Service ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 50 CFR Part 10 General Provisions; Revised List of Migratory Birds; Proposed Rules Federal Register / Vol. 83 , No. 229 / Wednesday, November 28, 2018 / Proposed Rules [[Page 61288]] ----------------------------------------------------------------------- DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 10 [Docket No. FWS-HQ-MB-2018-0047; FXMB 12320900000//189//FF09M29000] RIN 1018-BC67 General Provisions; Revised List of Migratory Birds AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, Interior. ACTION: Proposed rule. ----------------------------------------------------------------------- SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), propose to revise the List of Migratory Birds protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) by both adding and removing species. Reasons for the changes to the list include adding species based on new taxonomy and new evidence of natural occurrence in the United States or U.S. territories, removing species no longer known to occur within the United States or U.S. territories, and changing names to conform to accepted use. The net increase of 59 species (66 added and 7 removed) would bring the total number of species protected by the MBTA to 1,085. We regulate the taking, possession, transportation, sale, purchase, barter, exportation, and importation of migratory birds. An accurate and up-to-date list of species protected by the MBTA is essential for public notification and regulatory purposes. DATES: We will accept comments received or postmarked on or before January 28, 2019. Comments submitted electronically using the Federal eRulemaking Portal (see ADDRESSES, below) must be received by 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time on the closing date. ADDRESSES: You may submit comments by one of the following methods: (1) Electronically: Go to the Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. In the Search box, enter FWS-HQ-MB-2018-0047, which is the docket number for this rulemaking. Then, click on the Search button. On the resulting page, in the Search panel on the left side of the screen, under the Document Type heading, click on the Proposed Rule box to locate this document. You may submit a comment by clicking on ``Comment Now!'' (2) By hard copy: Submit by U.S. mail or hand-delivery to: Public Comments Processing, Attn: FWS-HQ-MB-2018-0047, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, MS: BPHC, 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041-3803. We request that you send comments only by the methods described above. We will post all comments on http://www.regulations.gov. This generally means that we will post any personal information you provide us (see Public Comments, below, for more information). FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Eric L. Kershner, Chief of the Branch of Conservation, Permits, and Regulations; Division of Migratory Bird Management; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; MS: MB; 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041-3803; (703) 358-2376. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: What statutory authority does the service have for this rulemaking? We have statutory authority and responsibility for enforcing the MBTA (16 U.S.C. 703-712), the Fish and Wildlife Improvement Act of 1978 (16 U.S.C. 742l), and the Fish and Wildlife Act of 1956 (16 U.S.C. 742a-j). The MBTA implements Conventions between the United States and four neighboring countries for the protection of migratory birds, as follows: (1) Canada: Convention between the United States and Great Britain [on behalf of Canada] for the Protection of Migratory Birds, August 16, 1916, 39 Stat. 1702 (T.S. No. 628), as amended by Protocol between the Government of the United States and the Government of Canada Amending the 1916 Convention between the United Kingdom and the United States of America for the Protection of Migratory Birds, Sen. Treaty Doc. 104-28 (December 14, 1995); (2) Mexico: Convention between the United States and Mexico for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Game Mammals, February 7, 1936, 50 Stat. 1311 (T.S. No. 912), as amended by Protocol with Mexico amending Convention for Protection of Migratory Birds and Game Mammals, Sen. Treaty Doc. 105-26 (May 5, 1997); (3) Japan: Convention between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Japan for the Protection of Migratory Birds and Birds in Danger of Extinction, and Their Environment, March 4, 1972, 25 U.S.T. 3329 (T.I.A.S. No. 7990); and (4) Russia: Convention between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Concerning the Conservation of Migratory Birds and Their Environment (Russia), November 19, 1976, 29 U.S.T. 4647 (T.I.A.S. No. 9073). What is the purpose of this rulemaking? Our purpose is to inform the public of the species protected by the MBTA and its implementing regulations. These regulations are found in Title 50, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), parts 10, 20, and 21. We regulate the taking, possession, transportation, sale, purchase, barter, exportation, and importation of migratory birds. An accurate and up-to-date list of species protected by the MBTA is essential for notifying the public of regulatory protections. Why is the amendment of the list of migratory birds necessary? The amendments we are proposing are needed to: (1) Add 17 species that qualify for protection under the MBTA; (2) Correct the spelling of 3 species names on the alphabetized list; (3) Correct the spelling of 3 species names on the taxonomic list; (4) Add 22 species based on new distributional records documenting their natural occurrence in the United States or U.S. territories since 2010; (5) Add one species moved from a family that was not protected to a family now protected under the MBTA as a result of taxonomic changes; (6) Add 26 species newly recognized as a result of recent taxonomic changes; (7) Remove 7 species not known to occur within the boundaries of the United States or U.S. territories as a result of recent taxonomic changes; (8) Change the common (English) names of 40 species to conform to accepted use; and (9) Change the scientific names of 114 species to conform to accepted use. The List of Migratory Birds (50 CFR 10.13) was last revised on November 1, 2013 (78 FR 65844). The amendments proposed in this rule were necessitated by eight published supplements to the 7th (1998) edition of the American Ornithologists' Union (AOU, now recognized as American Ornithological Society (AOS)) Check-list of North American Birds (AOU 2011, AOU 2012, AOU 2013, AOU 2014, AOU 2015, AOU 2016, AOS 2017, and AOS 2018) and the 2017 publication of the Clements Checklist of Birds of the World (Clements et al. 2017). What scientific authorities are used to amend the list of migratory birds? Although bird names (common and scientific) are relatively stable, staying current with standardized use is necessary to avoid confusion in communications. In making our determinations, we primarily relied on [[Page 61289]] the AOS's Checklist of North American birds (AOU 1998), as amended annually (AOU 1999 through 2016, AOS 2017, AOS 2018), on matters of taxonomy, nomenclature, and the sequence of species and other higher taxonomic categories (Orders, Families, Subfamilies) for species that occur in North America. The AOS Checklist contains all bird species that have occurred in North America from the Arctic through Panama, including the West Indies and the Hawaiian Islands, and includes distributional information for each species, which specifies whether the species is known to occur in the United States. For the species that occur outside the geographic area covered by the AOS Checklist, we relied on Clements et al. (2017) and peer-reviewed literature. Although we primarily rely on the above sources, when informed taxonomic opinion is inconsistent or controversial, we evaluate available published and unpublished information and come to our own conclusion regarding the validity of taxa. What criteria are used to identify individual species protected by the MBTA? A species qualifies for protection under the MBTA by meeting one or more of the following criteria: (1) It occurs in the United States or U.S. territories as the result of natural biological or ecological processes and is currently, or was previously listed as, a species or part of a family protected by one of the four international treaties or their amendments. Any species that occurs in the United States or U.S. territories solely as a result of intentional or unintentional human-assisted introduction does not qualify for the MBTA list, regardless of whether the family the species belongs to is listed in any of the treaties, unless:It was native to the United States or its territories and extant in 1918; It was extirpated after 1918 throughout its range in the United States and its territories; and After such extirpation, it was reintroduced in the United States or its territories as part of a program carried out by a Federal agency. (2) Revised taxonomy results in it being newly split from a species that was previously on the list, and the new species occurs in the United States or U.S. territories as the result of natural biological or ecological processes. If a newly recognized native species is considered extinct (following the classification of the American Ornithological Society (AOS) or, for species not covered by the AOS, the Clements checklist or peer-reviewed literature), that species will still be included if either of the following criteria apply: The species resembles extant species included in the list that may be affected by trade if the species is not included; or Not including the species may create difficulties implementing the MBTA and its underlying Conventions. (3) New evidence exists for its natural occurrence in the United States or U.S. territories resulting from new or natural distributional changes and the species occurs in a protected family. Records must be documented, accepted, and published by the AOS committee. For the U.S. Pacific territories that fall outside the geographic scope of the AOS and for which there is no identified ornithological authority, new evidence of a species' natural occurrence will be based on the Clements checklist and then published peer-reviewed literature, in that order. In accordance with the Migratory Bird Treaty Reform Act of 2004 (MBTRA) (Pub. L. 108-447, 118 Stat. 2809, 3071-72), we only include migratory bird species that are native to the United States or U.S. territories. A native migratory bird species is one that is present as a result of natural biological or ecological processes. The list at 50 CFR 10.13 does not include nonnative species that occur in the United States or U.S. territories solely as a result of intentional or unintentional human-assisted introduction(s). Elsewhere in today's Federal Register, we publish a notice of availability of the draft revised list of nonnative bird species that are not protected under the MBTA. How would the proposed changes affect the list of migratory birds? Several taxonomic changes were made at the Order and Family level by the AOS since our 2013 publication of the list (78 FR 65844; November 1, 2013). These changes affect the inclusion and taxonomic order of species on this list. Specifically, the Order Cathartiformes (New World vultures) was split from the Accipitriformes (diurnal birds of prey). Cathartiformes now includes the Family Cathartidae (vultures and California condor). At the Family level, the Oceanitidae (southern storm-petrels) was split from the Hydrobatidae (northern storm- petrels), the Tityridae (becards and tityras) was split from the Tyrannidae (tyrant flycatchers), the Passerellidae (towhees, sparrows, and juncos) was split from the Emberizidae (buntings), the Megaluridae (Locustella warblers) was renamed to Locustellidae. The Ptilogonatidae (silky-flycatchers) was renamed to the Ptiliogonatidae. The Nesospingidae (Puerto Rican tanager) and the Spindalidae (Spindalis genus) were split from the Thraupidae (tanagers). The yellow-breasted chat was split from the Parulidae (wood-warblers) and placed into Icteriidae (chats). Within the Scolopacidae (sandpipers, phalaropes, and allies), new Subfamilies were created: The curlews were moved to Numeniinae; the godwits to Limosinae; and small sandpipers to Arenariinae and larger sandpipers to Tringinae, including phalaropes whose previous Subfamily Phalaropodinae was removed. Within the Accipitridae (hawks, eagles, and kites), new Subfamilies were created: The white-tailed kite was move to Elaninae, hook-billed and swallow- tailed kite were moved to Gypaetinae, and all other members of the family were moved to Accipitrinae. Within the Icteridae (blackbirds), new Subfamilies were created: Yellow-headed blackbird was moved to Xanthocephalinae; bobolink was moved to Dolichonychinae; meadowlarks were moved to Sturnellinae; orioles were moved to Icterinae; and blackbirds, cowbirds, and grackles were moved to Agelaiinae. In the Falconidae (caracaras and falcons), collared forest-falcon was moved into the new Subfamily Herpetotherinae, and the Subfamily Caracarinae was removed, with crested caracara moved to the Subfamily Falconinae. In the Fringillidae (finches and allies), the Hawaiian fringillids were moved from the Subfamily Drepanidinae to Carduelinae. The Old World flycatchers in the Turdidae (thrushes) were moved to the Muscicapidae (Old World flycatchers). Bananaquit was moved from the Coerebidae (a family not protected by MBTA) to the Thraupidae (tanagers and allies), which is a family protected by the MBTA. All other tanagers were also moved from the Emberizidae (sparrows) to the Thraupidae. Within Thraupidae, the seedeaters were moved into the Subfamily Sporophilinae, and bananaquit, grassquits, and bullfinches were moved into the Subfamily Coerebinae. All species previously receiving protection under the MBTA that have been moved to newly created Families continue to be protected under the MBTA. The proposed amendments (66 additions, 7 removals, and 154 name changes) would affect a total of 204 species and would result in a net addition of 59 species to the List of Migratory Birds, increasing the number of species on the list from 1,026 to [[Page 61290]] 1,085. Of the 66 species that we would add to the list, 26 were previously covered under the MBTA as members of the same species (conspecific) of listed species. These proposed amendments can be logically arranged in the following nine categories: (1) Add 17 species that qualify for protection by the MBTA but have not been added previously. The addition of these species is the result of either accepting AOS taxonomic updates that were previously excluded or determinations of documented natural occurrence in the United States or U.S. territories. The species and relevant publication(s) are: Pink-footed Goose, Anser brachyrhynchus (AOU 1983); Cackling Goose, Branta hutchinsii (AOU 2003); European Turtle-Dove, Streptopelia turtur (AOU 2007); Long-tailed Koel, Urodynamis taitensis (Wiles 2005); White-tailed Nightjar, Hydropsalis cayennensis (AOU 1983); Vervain Hummingbird, Mellisuga minima (AOU 1983); Kentish Plover, Charadrius alexandrinus (Enbring and Owen 1981); Common Redshank, Tringa totanus (Wiles 2005); Nazca Booby, Sula granti (AOU 2000); Abbott's Booby, Papasula abbotti (Pratt et al. 2009); Rufous Night-Heron, Nycticorax caledonicus (Glass et al. 1990); Gray-faced Buzzard, Butastur indicus (Stinson et al. 1997); Eastern Marsh-Harrier, Circus spilonotus (Wiles et al. 2000); Amur Falcon, Falco amurensis (Stinson et al. 1991); Eurasian Jackdaw, Corvus monedula (AOU 1998); Redwing, Turdus iliacus (AOU 1983); Common Kingfisher, Alcedo atthis (Wiles et al. 1993). (2) Correct the spelling of three common or scientific names on the alphabetized list: Eared Quetzel, Euptilotis neoxenus, becomes Eared Quetzal Red-footed falcon, Flaco vespertinus, becomes Falco vespertinus Piratic Flycatcher, Legatus leucophalus becomes Legatus leucophaius (3) Correct the spelling of three common or scientific names on the taxonomic list: Eared Quetzel, Euptilotis neoxenus, becomes Eared Quetzal White-crested Eleania, Elaenia albiceps becomes White-crested Elaenia Piratic Flycatcher, Legatus leucophalus becomes Legatus leucophaius (4) Add 22 species based on review and acceptance by the AOS (since 2010) or by other appropriate ornithological authorities of new distributional records documenting their occurrence in the United States or U.S. territories. These species belong to families covered by at least one of the four international conventions, and all are considered to be of accidental or casual occurrence. For each species, we list the State in which it has been recorded plus the relevant publication: Common Scoter, Melanitta nigra--California and Oregon (AOS 2017); Amethyst-throated Hummingbird, Lampornis amethystinus--Texas (AOS 2018); Rufous-necked Wood-Rail, Aramides axillaris--New Mexico (AOU 2016); Solitary Snipe, Gallinago solitaria--Alaska (AOU 2011); Chatham Albatross, Thalassarche eremita--California (AOS 2017); Providence Petrel, Pterodroma solandri--Alaska (AOU 2013); Fea's Petrel, Pterodroma feae--North Carolina, Georgia, Virginia (AOU 2013); Zino's Petrel, Pterodroma madeira--North Carolina, (AOU 2015); White-chinned Petrel, Procellaria aequinoctialis--Texas, California, Maine (AOU 2011); Bryan's Shearwater, Puffinus bryani--Hawaii (AOU 2012); Bare-throated Tiger-Heron, Tigrisoma mexicanum--Texas (AOU 2011); Double-toothed Kite, Harpagus bidentatus--Texas (AOU 2013); Amazon Kingfisher, Chloroceryle amazona--Texas (AOU 2011); Gray-collared Becard, Pachyramphus major--Arizona (AOU 2011); Pine Flycatcher, Empidonax affinis--Arizona (AOS 2018); Cuban Vireo, Vireo gundlachii--Florida (AOS 2018); Common Chiffchaff, Phylloscopus collybita--Alaska (AOU 2014); Blyth's Reed Warbler, Acrocephalus dumetorum--Alaska (AOU 2017); Common Redstart, Phoenicurus phoenicurus--Alaska (AOU 2015); Brown-backed Solitaire, Myadestes occidentalis--Arizona (AOU 2011); Asian Rosy-Finch, Leucosticte arctoa--Alaska (AOU 2013); Red-legged Honeycreeper, Cyanerpes cyaneus--Texas (AOS 2017). (5) Add one species because of recent taxonomic changes transferring a species in a Family formerly not protected by the MBTA (Coerebidae) into a Family protected under the MBTA (Thraupidae). We reference the AOU publication supporting the change: Bananaquit, Coereba flaveola, (AOU 2015). (6) Add 26 species because of recent taxonomic changes in which taxa formerly treated as conspecific have been determined to be distinct species. Given that each of these species was formerly treated as conspecific with a listed species, these additions would not change the protective status of any of these taxa, only the names by which they are known. In each case, we reference the AOS or relevant publication supporting the change: Ridgway's Rail, Rallus obsoletus--formerly considered conspecific with Clapper Rail, Rallus longirostris (AOU 2014); Common Gallinule, Gallinula galeata--formerly considered conspecific with Common Moorhen, Gallinula chloropus (AOU 2011); Scripps's Murrelet, Synthliboramphus scrippsi--formerly considered conspecific with Xantus's Murrelet, Synthliboramphus hypoleucus (AOU 2012); Salvin's Albatross, Thalassarche salvini--formerly considered conspecific with Shy Albatross, Thalassarche cauta (AOU 2014); Trindade Petrel, Pterodroma arminjoniana --formerly considered conspecific with Herald Petrel, Pterodroma heraldica (AOU 2015); Newell's Shearwater, Puffinus newelli--formerly considered conspecific with Townsend's Shearwater, Puffinus auricularis (AOU 2015); Barolo Shearwater, Puffinus baroli--formerly considered conspecific with Little Shearwater, Puffinus assimilis (AOU 2013); Townsend's Storm-Petrel, Oceanodroma socorroensis--formerly considered conspecific with Leach's Storm-Petrel, Oceanodroma leucorhoa (AOU 2016); Northern Boobook, Ninox japonica--formerly considered conspecific with Brown Hawk-Owl, Ninox scutulata (AOU 2014); Pacific Kingfisher, Todiramphus sacer--formerly considered conspecific with Collared Kingfisher, Todiramphus chloris (Clements et al. 2015); Mariana Kingfisher, Todiramphus albicilla--formerly considered conspecific with Collared Kingfisher, Todiramphus chloris (Clements et al. 2015); Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay, Aphelocoma woodhouseii--formerly considered conspecific with Western Scrub-Jay, Aphelocoma californica (AOU 2016); Kamchatka Leaf Warbler, Phylloscopus examinandus--formerly considered conspecific with Arctic Warbler, Phylloscopus borealis (AOU 2014); Saipan Reed Warbler, Acrocephalus hiwae--formerly considered conspecific with Nightingale Reed Warbler, Acrocephalus luscinius (Clements et al. 2013); Aguiguan Reed Warbler, Acrocephalus nijoi--formerly considered conspecific with Nightingale Reed Warbler, Acrocephalus luscinius (Clements et al. 2013); Pagan Reed Warbler, Acrocephalus yamashinae--formerly considered conspecific with Nightingale Reed Warbler, Acrocephalus luscinius (Clements et al. 2013); Laysan Honeycreeper, Himatione fraithii-- formerly considered conspecific with Apapane, Himatione sanguinea (AOU 2015) Kauai Nukupu[revaps]u, Hemignathus hanapepe--formerly considered conspecific with Nukupuu, Hemignathus lucidus (AOU 2015); Maui Nukupu[revaps]u, Hemignathus affins--formerly considered conspecific with [[Page 61291]] Nukupuu, Hemignathus lucidus (AOU 2015); Kauai [revaps]Akialoa, Akialoa stejnegeri--formerly considered conspecific with Greater Akialoa, Hemignathus ellisianus (AOU 2015); Maui Nui [revaps]Akialoa, Akialoa lanaiensis--formerly considered conspecific with Greater Akialoa, Hemignathus ellisianus (AOU 2015); O[revaps]ahu [revaps]Akepa, Loxops wolstenholmei--formerly considered conspecific with Akepa, Loxops coccineus (AOU 2015); Maui [revaps]Akepa, Loxops ochraceus--formerly considered conspecific with Akepa, Loxops coccineus (AOU 2015); Cassia Crossbill, Loxia sinesciuris--formerly considered conspecific with Red Crossbill, Loxia curvirostra (AOS 2017); Sagebrush Sparrow, Artemisiospiza nevadensis--formerly considered conspecific with Sage Sparrow, Amphispiza belli (AOU 2013); Morelet's Seedeater, Sporophila morelleti--formerly considered conspecific with White-collared Seedeater, Sporophila torqueola (AOS 2018). (7) Remove seven species based on revised taxonomic treatments, either because a species is taxonomically merged with another species, either on or off the list; a species previously on the list is taxonomically split into multiple species and the new species is not known to occur within the United States or U.S. territories; or the species is considered extinct (following the classification of the AOS or, for species not covered by the AOS, the Clements checklist or peer- reviewed literature) unless any of the following criteria apply: It is protected under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA; 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), or the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES; 27 U.S.T. 1087); it resembles extant species included in the list that may be affected by its removal; or its removal would create difficulties implementing the MBTA and its underlying Conventions. In each case, we reference the publication supporting these changes: Thayer's Gull, Larus thayeri, now a subspecies of Iceland Gull, Larus glaucoides (AOS 2017); Townsend's Shearwater, Puffinus auricularis (AOU 2015); Little Shearwater, Puffinus assimilis (AOU 2015); Brown Hawk-Owl, Ninox scutulata (AOU 2014); Caribbean Coot, Fulica caribaea (AOU 2016); Collared Kingfisher, Todiramphus chloris (Clements et al. 2015); White-collared Seedeater, Sporophila torqueola (AOS 2018). (8) Revise the common (English) names of 40 species to conform to the most recent nomenclatural treatment as described in AOU publications 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, AOS 2017, AOS 2018, and Clements et al. (2017). Hawaiian species names are modified to official Hawaiian spelling, following the Pukui-Elbert Hawaiian Dictionary, adding the diacritical marks to the common names where applicable. The Government Publishing Office Style Manual requires the words Hawaii and Kauai to be spelled without the diacritical mark. These revisions do not change the protective status of any of these taxa, only the names by which they are known. In each case, the update is described in the table, below. (9) Revise the scientific names of 114 species to conform to the most recent nomenclatural treatment as described in AOU publications 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, AOS 2017, AOS 2018, and Clements et al. (2017). These revisions do not change the protective status of any of these taxa, only the names by which they are known. In each case, the update is described in the table, below. Table of Proposed Name Changes, as described in categories 8 and 9, above. Table is organized following AOS (2017) taxonomic order. The relevant AOS publication is provided. Hawaiian common name changes are indicated with a (--). ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Previous common Current common Publication source and year name name ------------------------------------------------------------------------ AOU 2004........................ Canada Goose Canada Goose, (including Branta Branta hutchinsii), canadensis. Branta canadensis. AOU 2016........................ Green Violetear, Mexican Violetear, Colibri Colibri thalassinus. thalassinus. AOS 2017........................ Magnificent Rivoli's hummingbird, Hummingbird, Eugenes fulgens. Eugenes fulgens. AOU 2012........................ Xantus's Murrelet, Guadalupe Synthliboramphus Murrelet, hypoleucus. Synthliboramphus hypoleucus. AOU 2014........................ Shy Albatross, White-capped Thalassarche Albatross, cauta. Thalassarche cauta. AOU 2015........................ Herald Petrel, Trindade Petrel, Pterodroma Pterodroma arminjoniana. arminjoniana. Clements et al. 2000............ Pacific Reef- Pacific Reef- Egret, Egretta Heron, Egretta sacra. sacra. AOU 2012........................ Gray Frog-Hawk, Chinese Accipiter Sparrowhawk, soloensis. Accipiter soloensis. AOU 2014........................ Common Black-Hawk, Common Black Hawk, Buteogallus Buteogallus anthracinus. anthracinus. AOS 2018........................ Gray Jay, Canada Jay, Perisoreus Perisoreus canadensis. canadensis. AOU 2016........................ Western Scrub-Jay, California Scrub- Aphelocoma Jay, Aphelocoma californica. californica. AOU 2016........................ Eurasian Sky Lark, Eurasian Skylark, Alauda arvensis. Alauda arvensis. AOU 2014........................ Pallas's Leaf- Pallas's Leaf Warbler, Warbler, Phylloscopus Phylloscopus proregulus. proregulus. --.............................. Kamao, Myadestes K[atilde]ma`o, myadestinus. Myadestes myadestinus. --.............................. Olomao, Myadestes Oloma`o, Myadestes lanaiensis. lanaiensis. --.............................. Omao, Myadestes `[Otilde]ma'o, obscurus. Myadestes obscurus. AOS 2017........................ Le Conte's LeConte's Thrasher, Thrasher, Toxostoma Toxostoma lecontei. lecontei. AOU 2015........................ Nukupuu, O`ahu Nukupu`u, Hemignathus Hemignathus lucidus. lucidus. --.............................. Poo-uli, Po`ouli, Melamprosops Melamprosops phaeosoma. phaeosoma. --.............................. Akikiki, `Akikiki, Oreomystis bairdi. Oreomystis bairdi. --.............................. Oahu Alauahio, O`ahu `Alauahio, Paroreomyza Paroreomyza maculata. maculata. --.............................. Kakawahie, K[atilde]k[atilde] Paroreomyza wahie, flammea. Paroreomyza flammea. --.............................. Maui Alauahio, Maui `Alauahio, Paroreomyza Paroreomyza montana. montana. --.............................. Akohekohe, `Akohekohe, Palmeria dolei. Palmeria dolei. --.............................. Apapane, Himatione `Apapane, sanguinea. Himatione sanguinea. --.............................. Iiwi, Drepanis `I`iwi, Drepanis coccinea. coccinea. --.............................. Ou, Psittirostra `[Otilde]`[utilde] psittacea. , Psittirostra psittacea. --.............................. Anianiau, Magumma `Anianiau, Magumma parva. parva. --.............................. Akekee, Loxops `Akeke`e, Loxops caeruleirostris. caeruleirostris. AOU 2015........................ Akepa, Loxops Hawaii `Akepa, coccineus. Loxops coccineus. AOS 2017........................ Le Conte's LeConte's Sparrow, Sparrow, Ammodramus Ammodramus leconteii. leconteii. AOS 2017........................ Emperor Goose, Emperor Goose, Chen canagica. Anser canagicus. AOS 2017........................ Snow Goose, Chen Snow Goose, Anser caerulescens. caerulescens. [[Page 61292]] AOS 2017........................ Ross's Goose, Chen Ross's Goose, rossii. Anser rossii. AOS 2017........................ Baikal Teal, Anas Baikal Teal, formosa. Sibirionetta formosa. AOS 2017........................ Garganey, Anas Garganey, Spatula querquedula. querquedula. AOS 2017........................ Blue-winged Teal, Blue-winged Teal, Anas discors. Spatula discors. AOS 2017........................ Cinnamon Teal, Cinnamon Teal, Anas cyanoptera. Spatula cyanoptera. AOS 2017........................ Northern Shoveler, Northern Shoveler, Anas clypeata. Spatula clypeata. AOS 2017........................ Gadwall, Anas Gadwall, Mareca strepera. strepera. AOS 2017........................ Falcated Duck, Falcated Duck, Anas falcata. Mareca falcata. AOS 2017........................ Eurasian Wigeon, Eurasian Wigeon, Anas penelope. Mareca penelope. AOS 2017........................ American Wigeon, American Wigeon, Anas americana. Mareca americana. Clements et al. 2017............ White-throated White-throated Ground-Dove, Ground-Dove, Gallicolumba Alopecoenas xanthonura. xanthonura. Clements et al. 2010............ Hodgson's Hawk- Hodgson's Hawk- Cuckoo, Cuculus Cuckoo, fugax. Hierococcyx nisicolor. AOU 2012........................ Chuck-will's- Chuck-will's- widow, widow, Caprimulgus Antrostomus carolinensis. carolinensis. AOU 2012........................ Buff-collared Buff-collared Nightjar, Nightjar, Caprimulgus Antrostomus ridgwayi. ridgwayi. AOU 2012........................ Eastern Whip-poor- Eastern Whip-poor- will, Caprimulgus will, Antrostomus vociferus. vociferus. AOU 2012........................ Mexican Whip-poor- Mexican Whip-poor- will, Caprimulgus will, Antrostomus arizonae. arizonae. AOU 2012........................ Puerto Rican Puerto Rican Nightjar, Nightjar, Caprimulgus Antrostomus noctitherus. noctitherus. AOS 2018........................ Gray Nightjar, Gray Nightjar, Caprimulgus Caprimulgus indicus. jotaka. AOU 2012........................ Calliope Calliope Hummingbird, Hummingbird, Stellula calliope. Selasphorus calliope. AOU 2014........................ Clapper Rail, Clapper Rail, Rallus Rallus crepitans. longirostris. AOU 2016........................ Yellow-breasted Yellow-breasted Crake, Porzana Crake, Hapalocrex flaviventer. flaviventer. AOU 2012........................ Purple Gallinule, Purple Gallinule, Porphyrio Porphyrio martinica. martinicus. AOU 2016........................ Sandhill Crane, Sandhill Crane, Grus canadensis. Antigone canadensis. AOU 2011........................ Snowy Plover, Snowy Plover, Charadrius Charadrius alexandrinus. nivosus. AOU 2013........................ Surfbird, Aphriza Surfbird, Calidris virgata. virgata. AOU 2013........................ Ruff, Philomachus Ruff, Calidris pugnax. pugnax. AOU 2013........................ Broad-billed Broad-billed Sandpiper, Sandpiper, Limicola Calidris falcinellus. falcinellus. AOU 2013........................ Spoon-billed Spoon-billed Sandpiper, Sandpiper, Eurynorhynchus Calidris pygmea. pygmeus. AOU 2013........................ Buff-breasted Buff-breasted Sandpiper, Sandpiper, Tryngites Calidris subruficollis. subruficollis. AOS 2017........................ Blue-gray Noddy, Blue-gray Noddy, Procelsterna Anous ceruleus. cerulea. AOU 2003........................ Whiskered Tern, Whiskered Tern, Chlidonias Chlidonias hybridus. hybrida. AOS 2018........................ Tahiti Petrel, Tahiti Petrel, Pterodroma Pseudobulweria rostrata. rostrata. AOU 2016........................ Wedge-tailed Wedge-tailed Shearwater, Shearwater, Puffinus Ardenna pacifica. pacificus. AOU 2016........................ Buller's Buller's Shearwater, Shearwater, Puffinus bulleri. Ardenna bulleri. AOU 2016........................ Short-tailed Short-tailed Shearwater, Shearwater, Puffinus Ardenna tenuirostris. tenuirostris. AOU 2016........................ Sooty Shearwater, Sooty Shearwater, Puffinus griseus. Ardenna grisea. AOU 2016........................ Great Shearwater, Great Shearwater, Puffinus gravis. Ardenna gravis. AOU 2016........................ Pink-footed Pink-footed Shearwater, Shearwater, Puffinus Ardenna creatopus. creatopus. AOU 2016........................ Flesh-footed Flesh-footed Shearwater, Shearwater, Puffinus Ardenna carneipes. carneipes. AOS 2017........................ Intermediate Intermediate Egret, Mesophoyx Egret, Ardea intermedia. intermedia. AOS 2017........................ Northern Harrier, Northern Harrier, Circus cyaneus. Circus hudsonius. AOU 2015........................ Roadside Hawk, Roadside Hawk, Buteo Rupornis magnirostris. magnirostris. AOU 2015........................ White-tailed Hawk, White-tailed Hawk, Buteo Geranoaetus albicaudatus. albicaudatus. AOS 2018........................ Downy Woodpecker, Downy Woodpecker, Picoides Dryobates pubescens. pubescens. AOS 2018........................ Nuttall's Nuttall's Woodpecker, Woodpecker, Picoides Dryobates nuttallii. nuttallii. AOS 2018........................ Ladder-backed Ladder-backed Woodpecker, Woodpecker, Picoides scalaris. Dryobates scalaris. AOS 2018........................ Red-cockaded Red-cockaded Woodpecker, Woodpecker, Picoides borealis. Dryobates borealis. AOS 2018........................ Hairy Woodpecker, Hairy Woodpecker, Picoides villosus. Dryobates villosus. AOS 2018........................ White-headed White-headed Woodpecker, Woodpecker, Picoides Dryobates albolarvatus. albolarvatus. AOS 2018........................ Arizona Arizona Woodpecker, Woodpecker, Picoides arizonae. Dryobates arizonae. AOU 2013........................ Flammulated Owl, Flammulated Owl, Otus flammeolus. Psiloscops flammeolus. AOS 2017........................ Northern Shrike, Northern Shrike, Lanius excubitor. Lanius borealis. AOU 2011........................ Mexican Jay, Mexican Jay, Aphelocoma Aphelocoma ultramarina. wollweberi. AOU 2012........................ Sinaloa Wren, Sinaloa Wren, Thryothorus Thryophilus sinaloa. sinaloa. AOS 2018........................ Siberian Blue Siberian Blue Robin, Luscinia Robin, Larvivora cyane. cyane. AOS 2018........................ Rufous-tailed Rufous-tailed Robin, Luscinia Robin, Larvivora sibilans. sibilans. AOS 2018........................ Bluethroat, Bluethroat, Luscinia svecica. Cyanecula svecica. AOS 2018........................ Siberian Siberian Rubythroat, Rubythroat, Luscinia calliope. Calliope calliope. Clements et al. 2015............ Chestnut-cheeked Chestnut-cheeked Starling, Sturnus Starling, phillippensis. Agropsar philippensis. Clements et al. 2015............ White-cheeked White-cheeked Starling, Sturnus Starling, cineraceus. Spodiopsar cineraceus. AOU 2013........................ Gray Silky- Gray Silky- flycatcher, flycatcher, Ptilogonys Ptiliogonys cinereus. cinereus. AOU 2012........................ House Finch, House Finch, Carpodacus Haemorhous mexicanus. mexicanus. AOU 2012........................ Purple Finch, Purple Finch, Carpodacus Haemorhous purpureus. purpureus. AOU 2012........................ Cassin's Finch, Cassin's Finch, Carpodacus Haemorhous cassinii. cassinii. AOU 2015........................ American Tree American Tree Sparrow, Spizella Sparrow, arborea. Spizelloides arborea. AOS 2018........................ Baird's Sparrow, Baird's Sparrow, Ammodramus Centronyx bairdii. bairdii. AOS 2018........................ Henslow's Sparrow, Henslow's Sparrow, Ammodramus Centronyx henslowii. henslowii. AOS 2018........................ LeConte's Sparrow, LeConte's Sparrow, Ammodramus Ammospiza leconteii. leconteii. AOS 2018........................ Seaside Sparrow, Seaside Sparrow, Ammodramus Ammospiza maritima. maritima. AOS 2018........................ Nelson's Sparrow, Nelson's Sparrow, Ammodramus Ammospiza nelsoni. nelsoni. AOS 2018........................ Saltmarsh Sparrow, Saltmarsh Sparrow, Ammodramus Ammospiza caudacuta. caudacuta. AOU 2011........................ MacGillivray's MacGillivray's Warbler, Warbler, Oporornis tolmiei. Geothlypis tolmiei. AOU 2011........................ Mourning Warbler, Mourning Warbler, Oporornis Geothlypis philadelphia. philadelphia. [[Page 61293]] AOU 2011........................ Kentucky Warbler, Kentucky Warbler, Oporornis Geothlypis formosus. formosa. AOU 2011........................ Elfin-woods Elfin-woods Warbler, Warbler, Dendroica angelae. Setophaga angelae. AOU 2011........................ Hooded Warbler, Hooded Warbler, Wilsonia citrina. Setophaga citrina. AOU 2011........................ Kirtland's Kirtland's Warbler, Warbler, Dendroica Setophaga kirtlandii. kirtlandii. AOU 2011........................ Cape May Warbler, Cape May Warbler, Dendroica tigrina. Setophaga tigrina. AOU 2011........................ Cerulean Warbler, Cerulean Warbler, Dendroica cerulea. Setophaga cerulea. AOU 2011........................ Northern Parula, Northern Parula, Parula americana. Setophaga americana. AOU 2011........................ Tropical Parula, Tropical Parula, Parula pitiayumi. Setophaga pitiayumi. AOU 2011........................ Magnolia Warbler, Magnolia Warbler, Dendroica Setophaga magnolia. magnolia. AOU 2011........................ Bay-breasted Bay-breasted Warbler, Warbler, Dendroica Setophaga castanea. castanea. AOU 2011........................ Blackburnian Blackburnian Warbler, Warbler, Dendroica fusca. Setophaga fusca. AOU 2011........................ Yellow Warbler, Yellow Warbler, Dendroica Setophaga petechia. petechia. AOU 2011........................ Chestnut-sided Chestnut-sided Warbler, Warbler, Dendroica Setophaga pensylvanica. pensylvanica. AOU 2011........................ Blackpoll Warbler, Blackpoll Warbler, Dendroica striata. Setophaga striata. AOU 2011........................ Black-throated Black-throated Blue Warbler, Blue Warbler, Dendroica Setophaga caerulescens. caerulescens. AOU 2011........................ Palm Warbler, Palm Warbler, Dendroica Setophaga palmarum. palmarum. AOU 2011........................ Pine Warbler, Pine Warbler, Dendroica pinus. Setophaga pinus. AOU 2011........................ Yellow-rumped Yellow-rumped Warbler, Warbler, Dendroica Setophaga coronata. coronata. AOU 2011........................ Yellow-throated Yellow-throated Warbler, Warbler, Dendroica Setophaga dominica. dominica. AOU 2011........................ Prairie Warbler, Prairie Warbler, Dendroica Setophaga discolor. discolor. AOU 2011........................ Adelaide's Adelaide's Warbler, Warbler, Dendroica Setophaga adelaidae. adelaidae. AOU 2011........................ Grace's Warbler, Grace's Warbler, Dendroica graciae. Setophaga graciae. AOU 2011........................ Black-throated Black-throated Gray Warbler, Gray Warbler, Dendroica Setophaga nigrescens. nigrescens. AOU 2011........................ Townsend's Townsend's Warbler, Warbler, Dendroica Setophaga townsendi. townsendi. AOU 2011........................ Hermit Warbler, Hermit Warbler, Dendroica Setophaga occidentalis. occidentalis. AOU 2011........................ Golden-cheeked Golden-cheeked Warbler, Warbler, Dendroica Setophaga chrysoparia. chrysoparia. AOU 2011........................ Black-throated Black-throated Green Warbler, Green Warbler, Dendroica virens. Setophaga virens. AOU 2011........................ Fan-tailed Fan-tailed Warbler, Warbler, Euthlypis Basileuterus lachrymosa. lachrymosus. AOU 2011........................ Canada Warbler, Canada Warbler, Wilsonia Cardellina canadensis. canadensis. AOU 2011........................ Wilson's Warbler, Wilson's Warbler, Wilsonia pusilla. Cardellina pusilla. Clements et al. 2017............ Friendly Ground- Shy Ground-Dove, Dove, Alopecoenas Gallicolumba stairi. stairi. Clements et al. 2006............ Micronesian Guam Kingfisher, Kingfisher, Todiramphus Todirhamphus cinnamominus. cinnamominus. Clements et al. 2006, 2017...... Nightingale Reed- Nightingale Reed Warbler, Warbler, Acrocephalus Acrocephalus luscinia. luscinius. AOU 2015........................ Akiapolaau, `Akiapola`au, Hemignathus Hemignathus munroi. wilsoni. AOU 2015........................ Greater Akialoa, O`ahu `Akialoa, Hemignathus Akialoa ellisianus. ellisiana. AOU 2015........................ Hawaii Amakihi, Hawaii `Amakihi, Hemignathus Chlorodrepanis virens. virens. AOU 2015........................ Oahu Amakihi, O`ahu `Amakihi, Hemignathus Chlorodrepanis flavus. flava. AOU 2015........................ Kauai Amakihi, Kauai `Amakihi, Hemignathus Chlorodrepanis kauaiensis. stejnegeri. AOU 2012, 2013.................. Sage Sparrow, Bell's Sparrow, Amphispiza belli. Artemisiospiza belli. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ How is the list of migratory birds organized? The species are listed in two formats to suit the needs of different segments of the public: alphabetically in 50 CFR 10.13(c)(1) and taxonomically in 50 CFR 10.13(c)(2). In the alphabetical listing, species are listed by common (English) group names, with the scientific name of each species following the English group name. This format, similar to that used in modern telephone directories, is most useful to members of the lay public. In the taxonomic listing, species are listed in phylogenetic sequence by scientific name, with the English name following the scientific name. To help clarify species relationships, we also list the higher-level taxonomic categories of Order, Family, and Subfamily. This format follows the sequence adopted by the AOS (1998, 2017) and is most useful to ornithologists and other scientists. What species are not protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act? The MBTA does not apply to: (1) Nonnative species introduced into the United States or U.S. territories by means of intentional or unintentional human assistance that belong to families or groups covered by the Canadian, Mexican, or Russian Conventions. Elsewhere in today's Federal Register, we publish a notice of availability of the draft revised list of nonnative bird species that are not protected under the MBTA. Note, though, that native species that are introduced into parts of the United States where they are not native are still protected under the MBTA regardless of where they occur in the United States or U.S. territories. (2) Species native or nonnative to the United States or U.S. territories that either belong to families or groups not referred to in the Canada, Mexico, and Russia Conventions or are not included by species name in the Japan Convention. This includes the Tinamidae (tinamous), Megapodiidae (megapodes), Cracidae (chachalacas), Odontophoridae (New World quail), Phasianidae (grouse, ptarmigan, and turkeys), Pteroclidae (sandgrouse), Heliornithidae (finfoots), Burhinidae (thick-knees), Glareolidae (pratincoles), Todidae (todies), Psittacidae (parrots), Psittaculidae (Old World parrots), Meliphagidae (honeyeaters), Dicruridae (drongos), Monarchidae (monarchs), Pycnonotidae (bulbuls), Scotocercidae (bush warblers and allies), Zosteropidae (white-eyes), Sturnidae (starlings, except as listed in Japanese treaty), Ploceidae (weavers), Estrildidae (estrildid finches), and Passeridae (Old World sparrows, including house or English sparrow), as well as numerous other families not represented in the United States or U.S. territories. Public Comments Any final action resulting from this proposed rule must be based on the best scientific and commercial data available and be as accurate and as effective as possible. We request comments or information from other concerned governmental agencies, the scientific community, industry, or any other [[Page 61294]] interested parties concerning this proposed rule. Please include sufficient information with your submission (such as electronic copies of scientific journal articles or other publications, preferably in English) to allow us to verify any scientific or commercial information you include. You may submit your comments and materials concerning this proposed rule by one of the methods listed in ADDRESSES. We request that you send comments only by the methods described in ADDRESSES. If you submit information via http://www.regulations.gov, your entire submission--including any personal identifying information--will be posted on the website. If your submission is made via a hardcopy that includes personal identifying information, you may request at the top of your document that we withhold this information from public review. However, we cannot guarantee that we will be able to do so. We will post all hardcopy submissions on http://www.regulations.gov. Comments and materials we receive, as well as supporting documentation we used in preparing this proposed rule, will be available for public inspection on http://www.regulations.gov, or by appointment, during normal business hours, at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Bird Management (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT). Required Determinations Regulatory Planning and Review Executive Order (E.O.) 12866 provides that the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) in the Office of Management and Budget will review all significant rules. OIRA has determined that this proposed rule is not significant. E.O. 13563 reaffirms the principles of E.O. 12866, while calling for improvements in the nation's regulatory system to promote predictability, to reduce uncertainty, and to use the best, most innovative, and least burdensome tools for achieving regulatory ends. E.O. 13563 directs agencies to consider regulatory approaches that reduce burdens and maintain flexibility and freedom of choice for the public where these approaches are relevant, feasible, and consistent with regulatory objectives. E.O. 13563 emphasizes further that regulations must be based on the best available science and that the rulemaking process must allow for public participation and an open exchange of ideas. We have developed this proposed rule in a manner consistent with these requirements. Executive Order 13771--Reducing Regulation and Controlling Regulatory Costs This proposed rule is not an Executive Order (E.O.) 13771 (82 FR 9339, February 3, 2017) regulatory action because this proposed rule is not significant under E.O. 12866. Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.) Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq., as amended by the Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act (SBREFA) of 1996 (5 U.S.C. 804(2)), whenever an agency is required to publish a notice of rulemaking for any proposed or final rule, it must prepare and make available for public comment a regulatory flexibility analysis that describes the effect of the rule on small entities (i.e., small businesses, small organizations, and small government jurisdictions). However, no regulatory flexibility analysis is required if the head of an agency certifies the rule does not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. SBREFA amended the Regulatory Flexibility Act to require Federal agencies to provide the statement of the factual basis for certifying that a rule will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. We have examined this proposed rule's potential effects on small entities as required by the Regulatory Flexibility Act, and have determined that, if adopted as proposed, this action would not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. This rule is an administrative action to update the list of migratory bird species protected under the Conventions. Consequently, we certify that, if adopted as proposed, this rule would not have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities; therefore, a regulatory flexibility analysis is not required. This proposed rule is not a major rule under SBREFA (5 U.S.C. 804(2)). It would not have a significant impact on a substantial number of small entities. a. This proposed rule would not have an annual effect on the economy of $100 million or more. b. This proposed rule would not cause a major increase in costs or prices for consumers, individual industries, Federal, State, or local government agencies, or geographic regions. c. This proposed rule would not have significant adverse effects on competition, employment, investment, productivity, innovation, or the ability of U.S.-based enterprises to compete with foreign-based enterprises. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act In accordance with the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (2 U.S.C. 1501 et seq.), we have determined the following: a. This proposed rule would not ``significantly or uniquely'' affect small governments. A small government agency plan is not required. This proposed rule is an administrative action to update the list of migratory bird species protected under the Conventions; it would not affect small government activities in any significant way. b. This proposed rule would not produce a Federal mandate of $100 million or greater in any year; i.e., it is not a ``significant regulatory action'' under the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act. Takings In accordance with Executive Order 12630, this proposed rule does not have significant takings implications. This proposed rule does not contain a provision for taking of private property. Therefore, a takings implication assessment is not required. Federalism This proposed rule does not have sufficient Federalism effects to warrant preparation of a federalism summary impact statement under Executive Order 13132. It does not interfere with the States' ability to manage themselves or their funds. No significant economic impacts are expected to result from the updating of the list of migratory bird species. Civil Justice Reform In accordance with Executive Order 12988, the Office of the Solicitor has determined that this proposed rule does not unduly burden the judicial system and meets the requirements of sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2) of the Order. Paperwork Reduction Act This proposed rule does not contain information collection requirements, and a submission to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) under the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.) is not required. We may not conduct or sponsor and you are not required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. [[Page 61295]] National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) Given that the proposed revision of 50 CFR 10.13 is strictly administrative in nature and will have no or minor environmental effects, it is categorically excluded from further NEPA requirements (43 CFR 46.210(i)). Endangered Species Act (ESA) Of the species on the List of Migratory Birds, 84 species, subspecies, or distinct population segments are also listed as endangered or threatened under section 4 of the ESA of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.). No legal complications arise from the dual listing as the two lists are developed under separate authorities and for different purposes. Because this proposed rule is strictly administrative in nature, it has no effect on endangered or threatened species. Thus, it does not require consultation under section 7 of the ESA. Government-to-Government Relationship With Tribes In accordance with the President's memorandum of April 29, 1994, ``Government-to-Government Relations with Native American tribal Governments'' (59 FR 22951), Executive Order 13175, and 512 DM 2, we have evaluated potential effects on federally recognized Indian tribes and have determined that there are no potential effects. The proposed revisions to existing regulations in this rule are purely administrative in nature and do not interfere with the tribes' ability to manage themselves or their funds or to regulate migratory bird activities on tribal lands. Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use (Executive Order 13211) On May 18, 2001, the President issued Executive Order 13211 addressing regulations that significantly affect energy supply, distribution, and use. Executive Order 13211 requires agencies to prepare Statements of Energy Effects when undertaking certain actions. Because this proposed rule would only affect the listing of protected species in the United States, it is not a significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866, and does not significantly affect energy supplies, distribution, or use. Therefore, this action is not a significant energy action and no Statement of Energy Effects is required. Clarity of the Proposed Rule We are required by Executive Orders 12866 and 12988 and by the Presidential Memorandum of June 1, 1998, to write all rules in plain language. This means that each rule we publish must: (1) Be logically organized; (2) Use the active voice to address readers directly; (3) Use clear language rather than jargon; (4) Be divided into short sections and sentences; and (5) Use lists and tables wherever possible. If you feel that we have not met these requirements, send us comments by one of the methods listed in ADDRESSES. To better help us revise the rule, your comments should be as specific as possible. For example, you should tell us the numbers of the sections or paragraphs that are unclearly written, which sections or sentences are too long, the sections where you feel lists or tables would be useful, etc. References Cited A complete list of all references cited is available on http://www.regulations.gov under Docket No. FWS-HQ-MB-2018-0047, and upon request (see FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT, above). List of Subjects in Part 10 Exports, Fish, Imports, Law enforcement, Plants, Transportation, Wildlife. Proposed Regulation Promulgation For the reasons discussed in the preamble, we propose to amend title 50, chapter I, subchapter B, part 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations, as follows: PART 10--GENERAL PROVISIONS 0 1. The authority citation for part 10 continues to read as follows: Authority: 16 U.S.C. 668a-d, 703-712, 742a-j-l, 1361-1384, 1401- 1407, 1531-1543, 3371-3378; 18 U.S.C. 42; 19 U.S.C. 1202. 0 2. Amend Sec. [thinsp]10.13 by revising paragraph (c) to read as follows: Sec. 10.13 List of Migratory Birds. * * * * * (c) What species are protected as migratory birds? Species protected as migratory birds are listed in two formats to suit the varying needs of the user: Alphabetically in paragraph (c)(1) of this section and taxonomically in paragraph (c)(2) of this section. Taxonomy and nomenclature generally follow the 7th edition of the American Ornithologists' Union's (AOU, now recognized as American Ornithological Society (AOS)) Check-list of North American birds (1998, as amended through 2018). For species not treated by the AOS Check-list, we generally follow Clements Checklist of Birds of the World (Clements et al. 2017). (1) Alphabetical listing. Species are listed alphabetically by common (English) group names, with the scientific name of each species following the common name. ACCENTOR, Siberian, Prunella montanella `AKEKE`E, Loxops caeruleirostris `AKEPA, Hawaii, Loxops coccineus Maui, Loxops ochraceus O`ahu, Loxops wolstenholmei `AKIALOA, Kauai, Akialoa stejnegeri Maui Nui, Akialoa lanaiensis O`ahu, Akialoa ellisiana `AKIAPOLA`AU, Hemignathus wilsoni `AKIKIKI, Oreomystis bairdi `AKOHEKOHE, Palmeria dolei `ALAUAHIO, Maui, Paroreomyza montana O`ahu, Paroreomyza maculata ALBATROSS, Black-browed, Thalassarche melanophris Black-footed, Phoebastria nigripes Chatham, Thalassarche eremita Laysan, Phoebastria immutabilis Light-mantled, Phoebetria palpebrata Salvin's, Thalassarche salvini Short-tailed, Phoebastria albatrus Wandering, Diomedea exulans White-capped, Thalassarche cauta Yellow-nosed, Thalassarche chlororhynchos `AMAKIHI, Hawaii, Chlorodrepanis virens Kauai, Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri O`ahu, Chlorodrepanis flava ANHINGA, Anhinga anhinga ANI, Groove-billed, Crotophaga sulcirostris Smooth-billed, Crotophaga ani `ANIANIAU, Magumma parva `APAPANE, Himatione sanguinea AUKLET, Cassin's, Ptychoramphus aleuticus Crested, Aethia cristatella Least, Aethia pusilla Parakeet, Aethia psittacula Rhinoceros, Cerorhinca monocerata Whiskered, Aethia pygmaea AVOCET, American, Recurvirostra americana BANANAQUIT, Coereba flaveola BEAN-GOOSE, Taiga, Anser fabalis Tundra, Anser serrirostris BEARDLESS-TYRANNULET, Northern, Camptostoma imberbe BECARD, Gray-collared, Pachyramphus major Rose-throated, Pachyramphus aglaiae BITTERN, American, Botaurus lentiginosus Black, Ixobrychus flavicollis Least, Ixobrychus exilis Schrenck's, Ixobrychus eurhythmus Yellow, Ixobrychus sinensis BLACKBIRD, Brewer's, Euphagus cyanocephalus Red-winged, Agelaius phoeniceus Rusty, Euphagus carolinus Tawny-shouldered, Agelaius humeralis Tricolored, Agelaius tricolor Yellow-headed, Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus Yellow-shouldered, Agelaius xanthomus BLUEBIRD, Eastern, Sialia sialis Mountain, Sialia currucoides Western, Sialia mexicana BLUETAIL, Red-flanked, Tarsiger cyanurus BLUETHROAT, Cyanecula svecica [[Page 61296]] BOBOLINK, Dolichonyx oryzivorus BOOBOOK, Northern, Ninox japonica BOOBY, Abbott's, Papasula abbotti Blue-footed, Sula nebouxii Brown, Sula leucogaster Masked, Sula dactylatra Nazca, Sula granti Red-footed, Sula sula BRAMBLING, Fringilla montifringilla BRANT, Branta bernicla BUFFLEHEAD, Bucephala albeola BULLFINCH, Eurasian, Pyrrhula pyrrhula Puerto Rican, Melopyrrha portoricensis BUNTING, Blue, Cyanocompsa parellina Gray, Emberiza variabilis Indigo, Passerina cyanea Lark, Calamospiza melanocorys Lazuli, Passerina amoena Little, Emberiza pusilla McKay's, Plectrophenax hyperboreus Painted, Passerina ciris Pallas's, Emberiza pallasi Pine, Emberiza leucocephalos Reed, Emberiza schoeniclus Rustic, Emberiza rustica Snow, Plectrophenax nivalis Varied, Passerina versicolor Yellow-breasted, Emberiza aureola Yellow-browed, Emberiza chrysophrys Yellow-throated, Emberiza elegans BUSHTIT, Psaltriparus minimus BUZZARD, Gray-faced, Butastur indicus CANVASBACK, Aythya valisineria CARACARA, Crested, Caracara cheriway CARDINAL, Northern, Cardinalis cardinalis CARIB, Green-throated, Eulampis holosericeus Purple-throated, Eulampis jugularis CATBIRD, Black, Melanoptila glabrirostris Gray, Dumetella carolinensis CHAFFINCH, Common, Fringilla coelebs CHAT, Yellow-breasted, Icteria virens CHICKADEE, Black-capped, Poecile atricapillus Boreal, Poecile hudsonicus Carolina, Poecile carolinensis Chestnut-backed, Poecile rufescens Gray-headed, Poecile cinctus Mexican, Poecile sclateri Mountain, Poecile gambeli CHIFFCHAFF, Common, Phylloscopus collybita CHUCK-WILL'S-WIDOW, Antrostomus carolinensis CONDOR, California, Gymnogyps californianus COOT, American, Fulica americana Eurasian, Fulica atra Hawaiian, Fulica alai CORMORANT, Brandt's, Phalacrocorax penicillatus Double-crested, Phalacrocorax auritus Great, Phalacrocorax carbo Little Pied, Phalacrocorax melanoleucos Neotropic, Phalacrocorax brasilianus Pelagic, Phalacrocorax pelagicus Red-faced, Phalacrocorax urile COWBIRD, Bronzed, Molothrus aeneus Brown-headed, Molothrus ater Shiny, Molothrus bonariensis CRAKE, Corn, Crex crex Paint-billed, Neocrex erythrops Spotless, Porzana tabuensis Yellow-breasted, Hapalocrex flaviventer CRANE, Common, Grus grus Sandhill, Antigone canadensis Whooping, Grus americana CREEPER, Brown, Certhia americana Hawaii, Loxops mana CROSSBILL, Cassia, Loxia sinesciuris Red, Loxia curvirostra White-winged, Loxia leucoptera CROW, American, Corvus brachyrhynchos Fish, Corvus ossifragus Hawaiian, Corvus hawaiiensis Mariana, Corvus kubaryi Northwestern, Corvus caurinus Tamaulipas, Corvus imparatus White-necked, Corvus leucognaphalus CUCKOO, Black-billed, Coccyzus erythropthalmus Common, Cuculus canorus Mangrove, Coccyzus minor Oriental, Cuculus optatus Yellow-billed, Coccyzus americanus CURLEW, Bristle-thighed, Numenius tahitiensis Eskimo, Numenius borealis Eurasian, Numenius arquata Far Eastern, Numenius madagascariensis Little, Numenius minutus Long-billed, Numenius americanus DICKCISSEL, Spiza americana DIPPER, American, Cinclus mexicanus DOTTEREL, Eurasian, Charadrius morinellus DOVE, Inca, Columbina inca Mourning, Zenaida macroura White-tipped, Leptotila verreauxi White-winged, Zenaida asiatica Zenaida, Zenaida aurita DOVEKIE, Alle alle DOWITCHER, Long-billed, Limnodromus scolopaceus Short-billed, Limnodromus griseus DUCK, American Black, Anas rubripes Eastern Spot-billed, Anas zonorhyncha Falcated, Mareca falcata Harlequin, Histrionicus histrionicus Hawaiian, Anas wyvilliana Laysan, Anas laysanensis Long-tailed, Clangula hyemalis Masked, Nomonyx dominicus Mottled, Anas fulvigula Muscovy, Cairina moschata Pacific Black, Anas superciliosa Ring-necked, Aythya collaris Ruddy, Oxyura jamaicensis Tufted, Aythya fuligula Wood, Aix sponsa DUNLIN, Calidris alpina EAGLE, Bald, Haliaeetus leucocephalus Golden, Aquila chrysaetos White-tailed, Haliaeetus albicilla EGRET, Cattle, Bubulcus ibis Chinese, Egretta eulophotes Great, Ardea alba Intermediate, Ardea intermedia Little, Egretta garzetta Reddish, Egretta rufescens Snowy, Egretta thula EIDER, Common, Somateria mollissima King, Somateria spectabilis Spectacled, Somateria fischeri Steller's, Polysticta stelleri ELAENIA, Caribbean, Elaenia martinica Greenish, Myiopagis viridicata White-crested, Elaenia albiceps EMERALD, Puerto Rican, Chlorostilbon maugaeus EUPHONIA, Antillean, Euphonia musica FALCON, Amur, Falco amurensis Aplomado, Falco femoralis Peregrine, Falco peregrinus Prairie, Falco mexicanus Red-footed, Falco vespertinus FIELDFARE, Turdus pilaris FINCH, Cassin's, Haemorhous cassinii House, Haemorhous mexicanus Laysan, Telespiza cantans Nihoa, Telespiza ultima Purple, Haemorhous purpureus FLAMINGO, American, Phoenicopterus ruber FLICKER, Gilded, Colaptes chrysoides Northern, Colaptes auratus FLYCATCHER, Acadian, Empidonax virescens Alder, Empidonax alnorum Ash-throated, Myiarchus cinerascens Asian Brown, Muscicapa dauurica Brown-crested, Myiarchus tyrannulus Buff-breasted, Empidonax fulvifrons Cordilleran, Empidonax occidentalis Crowned Slaty, Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus Dark-sided, Muscicapa sibirica Dusky, Empidonax oberholseri Dusky-capped, Myiarchus tuberculifer Fork-tailed, Tyrannus savana Gray, Empidonax wrightii Gray-streaked, Muscicapa griseisticta Great Crested, Myiarchus crinitus Hammond's, Empidonax hammondii La Sagra's, Myiarchus sagrae Least, Empidonax minimus Mugimaki, Ficedula mugimaki Narcissus, Ficedula narcissina Nutting's, Myiarchus nuttingi Olive-sided, Contopus cooperi Pacific-slope, Empidonax difficilis Pine, Empidonax affinis Piratic, Legatus leucophaius Puerto Rican, Myiarchus antillarum Scissor-tailed, Tyrannus forficatus Social, Myiozetetes similis Spotted, Muscicapa striata Sulphur-bellied, Myiodynastes luteiventris Taiga, Ficedula albicilla Tufted, Mitrephanes phaeocercus Variegated, Empidonomus varius Vermilion, Pyrocephalus rubinus Willow, Empidonax traillii Yellow-bellied, Empidonax flaviventris FOREST-FALCON, Collared, Micrastur semitorquatus FRIGATEBIRD, Great, Fregata minor Lesser, Fregata ariel Magnificent, Fregata magnificens FRUIT-DOVE, Crimson-crowned, Ptilinopus porphyraceus Many-colored, Ptilinopus perousii Mariana, Ptilinopus roseicapilla FULMAR, Northern, Fulmarus glacialis GADWALL, Mareca strepera GALLINULE, Azure, Porphyrio flavirostris Common, Gallinula galeata Purple, Porphyrio martinicus GANNET, Northern, Morus bassanus GARGANEY, Spatula querquedula GNATCATCHER, Black-capped, Polioptila nigriceps Black-tailed, Polioptila melanura Blue-Gray, Polioptila caerulea California, Polioptila californica GODWIT, Bar-tailed, Limosa lapponica Black-tailed, Limosa limosa Hudsonian, Limosa haemastica Marbled, Limosa fedoa [[Page 61297]] GOLDENEYE, Barrow's, Bucephala islandica Common, Bucephala clangula GOLDEN-PLOVER, American, Pluvialis dominica European, Pluvialis apricaria Pacific, Pluvialis fulva GOLDFINCH, American, Spinus tristis Lawrence's, Spinus lawrencei Lesser, Spinus psaltria GOOSE, Barnacle, Branta leucopsis Cackling, Branta hutchinsii Canada, Branta canadensis Emperor, Anser canagicus Greater White-fronted, Anser albifrons Hawaiian, Branta sandvicensis Lesser White-fronted, Anser erythropus Pink-footed, Anser brachyrhynchus Ross's, Anser rossii Snow, Anser caerulescens GOSHAWK, Northern, Accipiter gentilis GRACKLE, Boat-tailed, Quiscalus major Common, Quiscalus quiscula Greater Antillean, Quiscalus niger Great-tailed, Quiscalus mexicanus GRASSHOPPER-WARBLER, Middendorff's, Locustella ochotensis GRASSQUIT, Black-faced, Tiaris bicolor Yellow-faced, Tiaris olivaceus GREBE, Clark's, Aechmophorus clarkii Eared, Podiceps nigricollis Horned, Podiceps auritus Least, Tachybaptus dominicus Pied-billed, Podilymbus podiceps Red-necked, Podiceps grisegena Western, Aechmophorus occidentalis GREENFINCH, Oriental, Chloris sinica GREENSHANK, Common, Tringa nebularia Nordmann's, Tringa guttifer GROSBEAK, Black-headed, Pheucticus melanocephalus Blue, Passerina caerulea Crimson-collared, Rhodothraupis celaeno Evening, Coccothraustes vespertinus Pine, Pinicola enucleator Rose-breasted, Pheucticus ludovicianus Yellow, Pheucticus chrysopeplus GROUND-DOVE, Common, Columbina passerina Ruddy, Columbina talpacoti Shy, Alopecoenas stairi White-throated, Alopecoenas xanthonura GUILLEMOT, Black, Cepphus grylle Pigeon, Cepphus columba GULL, Belcher's, Larus belcheri Black-headed, Chroicocephalus ridibundus Black-tailed, Larus crassirostris Bonaparte's, Chroicocephalus philadelphia California, Larus californicus Franklin's, Leucophaeus pipixcan Glaucous, Larus hyperboreus Glaucous-winged, Larus glaucescens Gray-hooded, Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus Great Black-backed, Larus marinus Heermann's, Larus heermanni Herring, Larus argentatus Iceland, Larus glaucoides Ivory, Pagophila eburnea Kelp, Larus dominicanus Laughing, Leucophaeus atricilla Lesser Black-backed, Larus fuscus Little, Hydrocoloeus minutus Mew, Larus canus Ring-billed, Larus delawarensis Ross's, Rhodostethia rosea Sabine's, Xema sabini Slaty-backed, Larus schistisagus Swallow-tailed, Creagrus furcatus Western, Larus occidentalis Yellow-footed, Larus livens Yellow-legged, Larus michahellis GYRFALCON, Falco rusticolus HARRIER, Northern, Circus hudsonius HAWFINCH, Coccothraustes coccothraustes HAWK, Broad-winged, Buteo platypterus Common Black, Buteogallus anthracinus Cooper's, Accipiter cooperii Crane, Geranospiza caerulescens Ferruginous, Buteo regalis Gray, Buteo plagiatus Harris's, Parabuteo unicinctus Hawaiian, Buteo solitarius Red-shouldered, Buteo lineatus Red-tailed, Buteo jamaicensis Roadside, Rupornis magnirostris Rough-legged, Buteo lagopus Sharp-shinned, Accipiter striatus Short-tailed, Buteo brachyurus Swainson's, Buteo swainsoni White-tailed, Geranoaetus albicaudatus Zone-tailed, Buteo albonotatus HAWK-CUCKOO, Hodgson's, Hierococcyx nisicolor HERON, Gray, Ardea cinerea Great Blue, Ardea herodias Green, Butorides virescens Little Blue, Egretta caerulea Tricolored, Egretta tricolor HOBBY, Eurasian, Falco subbuteo HONEYCREEPER, Laysan, Himatione fraithii Red-legged, Cyanerpes cyaneus HOOPOE, Eurasian, Upupa epops HOUSE-MARTIN, Common, Delichon urbicum HUMMINGBIRD, Allen's, Selasphorus sasin Amethyst-throated, Lampornis amethystinus Anna's, Calypte anna Antillean Crested, Orthorhyncus cristatus Berylline, Amazilia beryllina Black-chinned, Archilochus alexandri Blue-throated, Lampornis clemenciae Broad-billed, Cynanthus latirostris Broad-tailed, Selasphorus platycercus Buff-bellied, Amazilia yucatanensis Bumblebee, Atthis heloisa Calliope, Selasphorus calliope Cinnamon, Amazilia rutila Costa's, Calypte costae Lucifer, Calothorax lucifer Rivoli's, Eugenes fulgens Ruby-throated, Archilochus colubris Rufous, Selasphorus rufus Vervain, Mellisuga minima Violet-crowned, Amazilia violiceps White-eared, Hylocharis leucotis Xantus's, Hylocharis xantusii IBIS, Glossy, Plegadis falcinellus Scarlet, Eudocimus ruber White, Eudocimus albus White-faced, Plegadis chihi `I`IWI, Drepanis coccinea IMPERIAL-PIGEON, Pacific, Ducula pacifica JABIRU, Jabiru mycteria JACANA, Northern, Jacana spinosa JACKDAW, Eurasian, Corvus monedula JAEGER, Long-tailed, Stercorarius longicaudus Parasitic, Stercorarius parasiticus Pomarine, Stercorarius pomarinus JAY, Blue, Cyanocitta cristata Brown, Psilorhinus morio Canada, Perisoreus canadensis Green, Cyanocorax yncas Mexican, Aphelocoma wollweberi Pinyon, Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus Steller's, Cyanocitta stelleri JUNCO, Dark-eyed, Junco hyemalis Yellow-eyed, Junco phaeonotus K[Amacr]K[Amacr]WAHIE, Paroreomyza flammea K[Amacr]MA`O, Myadestes myadestinus KESTREL, American, Falco sparverius Eurasian, Falco tinnunculus KILLDEER, Charadrius vociferus KINGBIRD, Cassin's, Tyrannus vociferans Couch's, Tyrannus couchii Eastern, Tyrannus tyrannus Gray, Tyrannus dominicensis Loggerhead, Tyrannus caudifasciatus Thick-billed, Tyrannus crassirostris Tropical, Tyrannus melancholicus Western, Tyrannus verticalis KINGFISHER, Amazon, Chloroceryle amazona Belted, Megaceryle alcyon Common, Alcedo atthis Green, Chloroceryle americana Guam, Todiramphus cinnamominus Mariana, Todiramphus albicilla Pacific, Todiramphus sacer Ringed, Megaceryle torquata KINGLET, Golden-crowned, Regulus satrapa Ruby-crowned, Regulus calendula KISKADEE, Great, Pitangus sulphuratus KITE, Black, Milvus migrans Double-toothed, Harpagus bidentatus Hook-billed, Chondrohierax uncinatus Mississippi, Ictinia mississippiensis Snail, Rostrhamus sociabilis Swallow-tailed, Elanoides forficatus White-tailed, Elanus leucurus KITTIWAKE, Black-legged, Rissa tridactyla Red-legged, Rissa brevirostris KNOT, Great, Calidris tenuirostris Red, Calidris canutus KOEL, Long-tailed, Urodynamis taitensis LAPWING, Northern, Vanellus vanellus LARK, Horned, Eremophila alpestris LIMPKIN, Aramus guarauna LIZARD-CUCKOO, Puerto Rican, Coccyzus vieilloti LONGSPUR, Chestnut-collared, Calcarius ornatus Lapland, Calcarius lapponicus McCown's, Rhynchophanes mccownii Smith's, Calcarius pictus LOON, Arctic, Gavia arctica Common, Gavia immer Pacific, Gavia pacifica Red-throated, Gavia stellata Yellow-billed, Gavia adamsii MAGPIE, Black-billed, Pica hudsonia Yellow-billed, Pica nuttalli MALLARD, Anas platyrhynchos MANGO, Antillean, Anthracothorax dominicus Green, Anthracothorax viridis Green-breasted, Anthracothorax prevostii MARSH-HARRIER, Eastern, Circus spilonotus MARTIN, Brown-chested, Progne tapera Caribbean, Progne dominicensis Cuban, Progne cryptoleuca Gray-breasted, Progne chalybea Purple, Progne subis Southern, Progne elegans MEADOWLARK, Eastern, Sturnella magna Western, Sturnella neglecta [[Page 61298]] MERGANSER, Common, Mergus merganser Hooded, Lophodytes cucullatus Red-breasted, Mergus serrator MERLIN, Falco columbarius MILLERBIRD, Acrocephalus familiaris MOCKINGBIRD, Bahama, Mimus gundlachii Blue, Melanotis caerulescens Northern, Mimus polyglottos MOORHEN, Common, Gallinula chloropus MURRE, Common, Uria aalge Thick-billed, Uria lomvia MURRELET, Ancient, Synthliboramphus antiquus Craveri's, Synthliboramphus craveri Guadalupe, Synthliboramphus hypoleucus Kittlitz's, Brachyramphus brevirostris Long-billed, Brachyramphus perdix Marbled, Brachyramphus marmoratus Scripps's, Synthliboramphus scrippsi NEEDLETAIL, White-throated, Hirundapus caudacutus NIGHTHAWK, Antillean, Chordeiles gundlachii Common, Chordeiles minor Lesser, Chordeiles acutipennis NIGHT-HERON, Black-crowned, Nycticorax nycticorax Japanese, Gorsachius goisagi Malayan, Gorsachius melanolophus Rufous, Nycticorax caledonicus Yellow-crowned, Nyctanassa violacea NIGHTINGALE-THRUSH, Black-headed, Catharus mexicanus Orange-billed, Catharus aurantiirostris NIGHTJAR, Buff-collared, Antrostomus ridgwayi Gray, Caprimulgus jotaka Puerto Rican, Antrostomus noctitherus White-tailed, Hydropsalis cayennensis NODDY, Black, Anous minutus Blue-gray, Anous ceruleus Brown, Anous stolidus NUKUPU`U, Kauai, Hemignathus hanapepe Maui, Hemignathus affinis O`ahu, Hemignathus lucidus NUTCRACKER, Clark's, Nucifraga columbiana NUTHATCH, Brown-headed, Sitta pusilla Pygmy, Sitta pygmaea Red-breasted, Sitta canadensis White-breasted, Sitta carolinensis OLOMA`O, Myadestes lanaiensis `[Otilde]MA'O, Myadestes obscurus ORIOLE, Altamira, Icterus gularis Audubon's, Icterus graduacauda Baltimore, Icterus galbula Black-vented, Icterus wagleri Bullock's, Icterus bullockii Hooded, Icterus cucullatus Orchard, Icterus spurius Puerto Rican, Icterus portoricensis Scott's, Icterus parisorum Streak-backed, Icterus pustulatus OSPREY, Pandion haliaetus `[Otilde]`[Utilde], Psittirostra psittacea OVENBIRD, Seiurus aurocapilla OWL, Barn, Tyto alba Barred, Strix varia Boreal, Aegolius funereus Burrowing, Athene cunicularia Elf, Micrathene whitneyi Flammulated, Psiloscops flammeolus Great Gray, Strix nebulosa Great Horned, Bubo virginianus Long-eared, Asio otus Mottled, Ciccaba virgata Northern Hawk, Surnia ulula Northern Saw-whet, Aegolius acadicus Short-eared, Asio flammeus Snowy, Bubo scandiacus Spotted, Strix occidentalis Stygian, Asio stygius OYSTERCATCHER, American, Haematopus palliatus Black, Haematopus bachmani Eurasian, Haematopus ostralegus PALILA, Loxioides bailleui PALM-SWIFT, Antillean, Tachornis phoenicobia PARROTBILL, Maui, Pseudonestor xanthophrys PARULA, Northern, Setophaga americana Tropical, Setophaga pitiayumi PAURAQUE, Common, Nyctidromus albicollis PELICAN, American White, Pelecanus erythrorhynchos Brown, Pelecanus occidentalis PETREL, Bermuda, Pterodroma cahow Black-capped, Pterodroma hasitata Black-winged, Pterodroma nigripennis Bonin, Pterodroma hypoleuca Bulwer's, Bulweria bulwerii Cook's, Pterodroma cookii Fea's, Pterodroma feae Gould's, Pterodroma leucoptera Great-winged, Pterodroma macroptera Hawaiian, Pterodroma sandwichensis Herald, Pterodroma heraldica Jouanin's, Bulweria fallax Juan Fernandez, Pterodroma externa Kermadec, Pterodroma neglecta Mottled, Pterodroma inexpectata Murphy's, Pterodroma ultima Parkinson's, Procellaria parkinsoni Phoenix, Pterodroma alba Providence, Pterodroma solandri Stejneger's, Pterodroma longirostris Tahiti, Pseudobulweria rostrata Trindade, Pterodroma arminjoniana White-chinned, Procellaria aequinoctialis White-necked, Pterodroma cervicalis Zino's, Pterodroma madeira PEWEE, Cuban, Contopus caribaeus Greater, Contopus pertinax Hispaniolan, Contopus hispaniolensis Lesser Antillean, Contopus latirostris PHAINOPEPLA, Phainopepla nitens PHALAROPE, Red, Phalaropus fulicarius Red-necked, Phalaropus lobatus Wilson's, Phalaropus tricolor PHOEBE, Black, Sayornis nigricans Eastern, Sayornis phoebe Say's, Sayornis saya PIGEON, Band-tailed, Patagioenas fasciata Plain, Patagioenas inornata Red-billed, Patagioenas flavirostris Scaly-naped, Patagioenas squamosa White-crowned, Patagioenas leucocephala PINTAIL, Northern, Anas acuta White-cheeked, Anas bahamensis PIPIT, American, Anthus rubescens Olive-backed, Anthus hodgsoni Pechora, Anthus gustavi Red-throated, Anthus cervinus Sprague's, Anthus spragueii Tree, Anthus trivialis PLOVER, Black-bellied, Pluvialis squatarola Collared, Charadrius collaris Common Ringed, Charadrius hiaticula Kentish, Charadrius alexandrinus Little Ringed, Charadrius dubius Mountain, Charadrius montanus Piping, Charadrius melodus Semipalmated, Charadrius semipalmatus Snowy, Charadrius nivosus Wilson's, Charadrius wilsonia POCHARD, Baer's, Aythya baeri Common, Aythya ferina POND-HERON, Chinese, Ardeola bacchus POORWILL, Common, Phalaenoptilus nuttallii PO`OULI, Melamprosops phaeosoma PUAIOHI, Myadestes palmeri PUFFIN, Atlantic, Fratercula arctica Horned, Fratercula corniculata Tufted, Fratercula cirrhata PYGMY-OWL, Ferruginous, Glaucidium brasilianum Northern, Glaucidium gnoma PYRRHULOXIA, Cardinalis sinuatus QUAIL-DOVE, Bridled, Geotrygon mystacea Key West, Geotrygon chrysia Ruddy, Geotrygon montana QUETZAL, Eared, Euptilotis neoxenus RAIL, Black, Laterallus jamaicensis Buff-banded, Gallirallus philippensis Clapper, Rallus crepitans Guam, Gallirallus owstoni King, Rallus elegans Ridgway's, Rallus obsoletus Spotted, Pardirallus maculatus Virginia, Rallus limicola Yellow, Coturnicops noveboracensis RAVEN, Chihuahuan, Corvus cryptoleucus Common, Corvus corax RAZORBILL, Alca torda REDHEAD, Aythya americana REDPOLL, Common, Acanthis flammea Hoary, Acanthis hornemanni REDSHANK, Common, Tringa totanus Spotted, Tringa erythropus REDSTART, American, Setophaga ruticilla Common, Phoenicurus phoenicurus Painted, Myioborus pictus Slate-throated, Myioborus miniatus REDWING, Turdus iliacus REEF-HERON, Pacific, Egretta sacra Western, Egretta gularis ROADRUNNER, Greater, Geococcyx californianus ROBIN, American, Turdus migratorius Rufous-backed, Turdus rufopalliatus Rufous-tailed, Larvivora sibilans Siberian Blue, Larvivora cyane ROCK-THRUSH, Blue, Monticola solitarius ROSEFINCH, Common, Carpodacus erythrinus ROSY-FINCH, Asian, Leucosticte arctoa Black, Leucosticte atrata Brown-capped, Leucosticte australis Gray-crowned, Leucosticte tephrocotis RUBYTHROAT, Siberian, Calliope calliope RUFF, Calidris pugnax SANDERLING, Calidris alba SANDPIPER, Baird's, Calidris bairdii Broad-billed, Calidris falcinellus Buff-breasted, Calidris subruficollis Common, Actitis hypoleucos Curlew, Calidris ferruginea Green, Tringa ochropus Least, Calidris minutilla Marsh, Tringa stagnatilis Pectoral, Calidris melanotos Purple, Calidris maritima Rock, Calidris ptilocnemis Semipalmated, Calidris pusilla Sharp-tailed, Calidris acuminata [[Page 61299]] Solitary, Tringa solitaria Spoon-billed, Calidris pygmea Spotted, Actitis macularius Stilt, Calidris himantopus Terek, Xenus cinereus Upland, Bartramia longicauda Western, Calidris mauri White-rumped, Calidris fuscicollis Wood, Tringa glareola SAND-PLOVER, Greater, Charadrius leschenaultii Lesser, Charadrius mongolus SAPSUCKER, Red-breasted, Sphyrapicus ruber Red-naped, Sphyrapicus nuchalis Williamson's, Sphyrapicus thyroideus Yellow-bellied, Sphyrapicus varius SCAUP, Greater, Aythya marila Lesser, Aythya affinis SCOPS-OWL, Oriental, Otus sunia SCOTER, Black, Melanitta americana Common, Melanitta nigra Surf, Melanitta perspicillata White-winged, Melanitta fusca SCREECH-OWL, Eastern, Megascops asio Puerto Rican, Megascops nudipes Western, Megascops kennicottii Whiskered, Megascops trichopsis SCRUB-JAY, California, Aphelocoma californica Florida, Aphelocoma coerulescens Island, Aphelocoma insularis Woodhouse's, Aphelocoma woodhouseii SEA-EAGLE, Steller's, Haliaeetus pelagicus SEEDEATER, Morelet's, Sporophila morelleti SHEARWATER, Audubon's, Puffinus lherminieri Barolo, Puffinus baroli Black-vented, Puffinus opisthomelas Bryan's, Puffinus bryani Buller's, Ardenna bulleri Cape Verde, Calonectris edwardsii Christmas, Puffinus nativitatis Cory's, Calonectris diomedea Flesh-footed, Ardenna carneipes Great, Ardenna gravis Manx, Puffinus puffinus Newell's, Puffinus newelli Pink-footed, Ardenna creatopus Short-tailed, Ardenna tenuirostris Sooty, Ardenna grisea Streaked, Calonectris leucomelas Wedge-tailed, Ardenna pacifica SHOVELER, Northern, Spatula clypeata SHRIKE, Brown, Lanius cristatus Loggerhead, Lanius ludovicianus Northern, Lanius borealis SILKY-FLYCATCHER, Gray, Ptiliogonys cinereus SISKIN, Eurasian, Spinus spinus Pine, Spinus pinus SKIMMER, Black, Rynchops niger SKUA, Great, Stercorarius skua South Polar, Stercorarius maccormicki SKYLARK, Eurasian, Alauda arvensis SMEW, Mergellus albellus SNIPE, Common, Gallinago gallinago Jack, Lymnocryptes minimus Pin-tailed, Gallinago stenura Solitary, Gallinago solitaria Swinhoe's, Gallinago megala Wilson's, Gallinago delicata SOLITAIRE, Brown-backed, Myadestes occidentalis Townsend's, Myadestes townsendi SORA, Porzana carolina SPARROW, American Tree, Spizelloides arborea Bachman's, Peucaea aestivalis Baird's, Centronyx bairdii Bell's, Artemisiospiza belli Black-chinned, Spizella atrogularis Black-throated, Amphispiza bilineata Botteri's, Peucaea botterii Brewer's, Spizella breweri Cassin's, Peucaea cassinii Chipping, Spizella passerina Clay-colored, Spizella pallida Field, Spizella pusilla Five-striped, Amphispiza quinquestriata Fox, Passerella iliaca Golden-crowned, Zonotrichia atricapilla Grasshopper, Ammodramus savannarum Harris's, Zonotrichia querula Henslow's, Centronyx henslowii Lark, Chondestes grammacus LeConte's, Ammospiza leconteii Lincoln's, Melospiza lincolnii Nelson's, Ammospiza nelsoni Olive, Arremonops rufivirgatus Rufous-crowned, Aimophila ruficeps Rufous-winged, Peucaea carpalis Sagebrush, Artemisiospiza nevadensis Saltmarsh, Ammospiza caudacuta Savannah, Passerculus sandwichensis Seaside, Ammospiza maritima Song, Melospiza melodia Swamp, Melospiza georgiana Vesper, Pooecetes gramineus White-crowned, Zonotrichia leucophrys White-throated, Zonotrichia albicollis Worthen's, Spizella wortheni SPARROWHAWK, Chinese, Accipiter soloensis Japanese, Accipiter gularis SPINDALIS, Puerto Rican, Spindalis portoricensis Western, Spindalis zena SPOONBILL, Roseate, Platalea ajaja STARLING, Chestnut-cheeked, Agropsar philippensis White-cheeked, Spodiopsar cineraceus STARTHROAT, Plain-capped, Heliomaster constantii STILT, Black-necked, Himantopus mexicanus Black-winged, Himantopus himantopus STINT, Little, Calidris minuta Long-toed, Calidris subminuta Red-necked, Calidris ruficollis Temminck's, Calidris temminckii STONECHAT, Saxicola torquatus STORK, Wood, Mycteria americana STORM-PETREL, Ashy, Oceanodroma homochroa Band-rumped, Oceanodroma castro Black, Oceanodroma melania Black-bellied, Fregetta tropica Fork-tailed, Oceanodroma furcata Leach's, Oceanodroma leucorhoa Least, Oceanodroma microsoma Matsudaira's, Oceanodroma matsudairae Polynesian, Nesofregetta fuliginosa Ringed, Oceanodroma hornbyi Swinhoe's, Oceanodroma monorhis Townsend's, Oceanodroma socorroensis Tristram's, Oceanodroma tristrami Wedge-rumped, Oceanodroma tethys White-bellied, Fregetta grallaria White-faced, Pelagodroma marina Wilson's, Oceanites oceanicus SURFBIRD, Calidris virgata SWALLOW, Bahama, Tachycineta cyaneoviridis Bank, Riparia riparia Barn, Hirundo rustica Cave, Petrochelidon fulva Cliff, Petrochelidon pyrrhonota Mangrove, Tachycineta albilinea Northern Rough-winged, Stelgidopteryx serripennis Tree, Tachycineta bicolor Violet-green, Tachycineta thalassina SWAMPHEN, Purple, Porphyrio porphyrio SWAN, Trumpeter, Cygnus buccinator Tundra, Cygnus columbianus Whooper, Cygnus cygnus SWIFT, Alpine, Apus melba Black, Cypseloides niger Chimney, Chaetura pelagica Common, Apus apus Fork-tailed, Apus pacificus Short-tailed, Chaetura brachyura Vaux's, Chaetura vauxi White-collared, Streptoprocne zonaris White-throated, Aeronautes saxatalis SWIFTLET, Mariana, Aerodramus bartschi White-rumped, Aerodramus spodiopygius TANAGER, Flame-colored, Piranga bidentata Hepatic, Piranga flava Puerto Rican, Nesospingus speculiferus Scarlet, Piranga olivacea Summer, Piranga rubra Western, Piranga ludoviciana TATTLER, Gray-tailed, Tringa brevipes Wandering, Tringa incana TEAL, Baikal, Sibirionetta formosa Blue-winged, Spatula discors Cinnamon, Spatula cyanoptera Green-winged, Anas crecca TERN, Aleutian, Onychoprion aleuticus Arctic, Sterna paradisaea Black, Chlidonias niger Black-naped, Sterna sumatrana Bridled, Onychoprion anaethetus Caspian, Hydroprogne caspia Common, Sterna hirundo Elegant, Thalasseus elegans Forster's, Sterna forsteri Gray-backed, Onychoprion lunatus Great Crested, Thalasseus bergii Gull-billed, Gelochelidon nilotica Large-billed, Phaetusa simplex Least, Sternula antillarum Little, Sternula albifrons Roseate, Sterna dougallii Royal, Thalasseus maximus Sandwich, Thalasseus sandvicensis Sooty, Onychoprion fuscatus Whiskered, Chlidonias hybrida White, Gygis alba White-winged, Chlidonias leucopterus THRASHER, Bendire's, Toxostoma bendirei Brown, Toxostoma rufum California, Toxostoma redivivum Crissal, Toxostoma crissale Curve-billed, Toxostoma curvirostre LeConte's, Toxostoma lecontei Long-billed, Toxostoma longirostre Pearly-eyed, Margarops fuscatus Sage, Oreoscoptes montanus THRUSH, Aztec, Ridgwayia pinicola Bicknell's, Catharus bicknelli Clay-colored, Turdus grayi Dusky, Turdus naumanni Eyebrowed, Turdus obscurus Gray-cheeked, Catharus minimus Hermit, Catharus guttatus [[Page 61300]] Red-legged, Turdus plumbeus Swainson's, Catharus ustulatus Varied, Ixoreus naevius White-throated, Turdus assimilis Wood, Hylocichla mustelina TIGER-HERON, Bare-throated, Tigrisoma mexicanum TITMOUSE, Black-crested, Baeolophus atricristatus Bridled, Baeolophus wollweberi Juniper, Baeolophus ridgwayi Oak, Baeolophus inornatus Tufted, Baeolophus bicolor TITYRA, Masked, Tityra semifasciata TOWHEE, Abert's, Melozone aberti California, Melozone crissalis Canyon, Melozone fusca Eastern, Pipilo erythrophthalmus Green-tailed, Pipilo chlorurus Spotted, Pipilo maculatus TROGON, Elegant, Trogon elegans TROPICBIRD, Red-billed, Phaethon aethereus Red-tailed, Phaethon rubricauda White-tailed, Phaethon lepturus TURNSTONE, Black, Arenaria melanocephala Ruddy, Arenaria interpres TURTLE-DOVE, European, Streptopelia turtur Oriental, Streptopelia orientalis VEERY, Catharus fuscescens VERDIN, Auriparus flaviceps VIOLETEAR, Mexican, Colibri thalassinus VIREO, Bell's, Vireo bellii Black-capped, Vireo atricapilla Black-whiskered, Vireo altiloquus Blue-headed, Vireo solitarius Cassin's, Vireo cassinii Cuban, Vireo gundlachii Gray, Vireo vicinior Hutton's, Vireo huttoni Philadelphia, Vireo philadelphicus Plumbeous, Vireo plumbeus Puerto Rican, Vireo latimeri Red-eyed, Vireo olivaceus Thick-billed, Vireo crassirostris Warbling, Vireo gilvus White-eyed, Vireo griseus Yellow-green, Vireo flavoviridis Yellow-throated, Vireo flavifrons Yucatan, Vireo magister VULTURE, Black, Coragyps atratus Turkey, Cathartes aura WAGTAIL, Citrine, Motacilla citreola Eastern Yellow, Motacilla tschutschensis Gray, Motacilla cinerea White, Motacilla alba WARBLER, Adelaide's, Setophaga adelaidae Aguiguan Reed, Acrocephalus nijoi Arctic, Phylloscopus borealis Bachman's, Vermivora bachmanii Bay-breasted, Setophaga castanea Black-and-white, Mniotilta varia Blackburnian, Setophaga fusca Blackpoll, Setophaga striata Black-throated Blue, Setophaga caerulescens Black-throated Gray, Setophaga nigrescens Black-throated Green, Setophaga virens Blue-winged, Vermivora cyanoptera Blyth's Reed, Acrocephalus dumetorum Canada, Cardellina canadensis Cape May, Setophaga tigrina Cerulean, Setophaga cerulea Chestnut-sided, Setophaga pensylvanica Colima, Oreothlypis crissalis Connecticut, Oporornis agilis Crescent-chested, Oreothlypis superciliosa Dusky, Phylloscopus fuscatus Elfin-woods, Setophaga angelae Fan-tailed, Basileuterus lachrymosus Golden-cheeked, Setophaga chrysoparia Golden-crowned, Basileuterus culicivorus Golden-winged, Vermivora chrysoptera Grace's, Setophaga graciae Hermit, Setophaga occidentalis Hooded, Setophaga citrina Kamchatka Leaf, Phylloscopus examinandus Kentucky, Geothlypis formosa Kirtland's, Setophaga kirtlandii Lanceolated, Locustella lanceolata Lucy's, Oreothlypis luciae MacGillivray's, Geothlypis tolmiei Magnolia, Setophaga magnolia Mourning, Geothlypis philadelphia Nashville, Oreothlypis ruficapilla Nightingale Reed, Acrocephalus luscinius Olive, Peucedramus taeniatus Orange-crowned, Oreothlypis celata Pagan Reed, Acrocephalus yamashinae Pallas's Leaf, Phylloscopus proregulus Palm, Setophaga palmarum Pine, Setophaga pinus Prairie, Setophaga discolor Prothonotary, Protonotaria citrea Red-faced, Cardellina rubrifrons Rufous-capped, Basileuterus rufifrons Saipan Reed, Acrocephalus hiwae Sedge, Acrocephalus schoenobaenus Swainson's, Limnothlypis swainsonii Tennessee, Oreothlypis peregrina Townsend's, Setophaga townsendi Virginia's, Oreothlypis virginiae Willow, Phylloscopus trochilus Wilson's, Cardellina pusilla Wood, Phylloscopus sibilatrix Worm-eating, Helmitheros vermivorum Yellow, Setophaga petechia Yellow-browed, Phylloscopus inornatus Yellow-rumped, Setophaga coronata Yellow-throated, Setophaga dominica WATERTHRUSH, Louisiana, Parkesia motacilla Northern, Parkesia noveboracensis WAXWING, Bohemian, Bombycilla garrulus Cedar, Bombycilla cedrorum WHEATEAR, Northern, Oenanthe oenanthe WHIMBREL, Numenius phaeopus WHIP-POOR-WILL, Eastern, Antrostomus vociferus Mexican, Antrostomus arizonae WHISTLING-DUCK, Black-bellied, Dendrocygna autumnalis Fulvous, Dendrocygna bicolor West Indian, Dendrocygna arborea WHITETHROAT, Lesser, Sylvia curruca WIGEON, American, Mareca americana Eurasian, Mareca penelope WILLET, Tringa semipalmata WOODCOCK, American, Scolopax minor Eurasian, Scolopax rusticola WOODPECKER, Acorn, Melanerpes formicivorus American Three-toed, Picoides dorsalis Arizona, Dryobates arizonae Black-backed, Picoides arcticus Downy, Dryobates pubescens Gila, Melanerpes uropygialis Golden-fronted, Melanerpes aurifrons Great Spotted, Dendrocopos major Hairy, Dryobates villosus Ivory-billed, Campephilus principalis Ladder-backed, Dryobates scalaris Lewis's, Melanerpes lewis Nuttall's, Dryobates nuttallii Pileated, Dryocopus pileatus Puerto Rican, Melanerpes portoricensis Red-bellied, Melanerpes carolinus Red-cockaded, Dryobates borealis Red-headed, Melanerpes erythrocephalus White-headed, Dryobates albolarvatus WOOD-PEWEE, Eastern, Contopus virens Western, Contopus sordidulus WOOD-RAIL, Rufous-necked, Aramides axillaris WOODSTAR, Bahama, Calliphlox evelynae WREN, Bewick's, Thryomanes bewickii Cactus, Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus Canyon, Catherpes mexicanus Carolina, Thryothorus ludovicianus House, Troglodytes aedon Marsh, Cistothorus palustris Pacific, Troglodytes pacificus Rock, Salpinctes obsoletus Sedge, Cistothorus platensis Sinaloa, Thryophilus sinaloa Winter, Troglodytes hiemalis WRENTIT, Chamaea fasciata WRYNECK, Eurasian, Jynx torquilla YELLOWLEGS, Greater, Tringa melanoleuca Lesser, Tringa flavipes YELLOWTHROAT, Common, Geothlypis trichas Gray-crowned, Geothlypis poliocephala (2) Taxonomic listing. Species are listed in phylogenetic sequence by scientific name, with the common (English) name following the scientific name. To help clarify species relationships, we also list the higher-level taxonomic categories of Order, Family, and Subfamily. Order ANSERIFORMES Family ANATIDAE Subfamily DENDROCYGNINAE Dendrocygna autumnalis, Black-bellied Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna arborea, West Indian Whistling-Duck Dendrocygna bicolor, Fulvous Whistling-Duck Subfamily ANSERINAE Anser canagicus, Emperor Goose Anser caerulescens, Snow Goose Anser rossii, Ross's Goose Anser albifrons, Greater White-fronted Goose Anser erythropus, Lesser White-fronted Goose Anser fabalis, Taiga Bean-Goose Anser serrirostris, Tundra Bean-Goose Anser brachyrhynchus, Pink-footed Goose Branta bernicla, Brant Branta leucopsis, Barnacle Goose Branta hutchinsii, Cackling Goose Branta canadensis, Canada Goose Branta sandvicensis, Hawaiian Goose Cygnus buccinator, Trumpeter Swan Cygnus columbianus, Tundra Swan Cygnus cygnus, Whooper Swan Subfamily ANATINAE Cairina moschata, Muscovy Duck Aix sponsa, Wood Duck Sibirionetta formosa, Baikal Teal Spatula querquedula, Garganey Spatula discors, Blue-winged Teal Spatula cyanoptera, Cinnamon Teal [[Page 61301]] Spatula clypeata, Northern Shoveler Mareca strepera, Gadwall Mareca falcata, Falcated Duck Mareca penelope, Eurasian Wigeon Mareca americana, American Wigeon Anas laysanensis, Laysan Duck Anas wyvilliana, Hawaiian Duck Anas zonorhyncha, Eastern Spot-billed Duck Anas platyrhynchos, Mallard Anas rubripes, American Black Duck Anas fulvigula, Mottled Duck Anas superciliosa, Pacific Black Duck Anas bahamensis, White-cheeked Pintail Anas acuta, Northern Pintail Anas crecca, Green-winged Teal Aythya valisineria, Canvasback Aythya americana, Redhead Aythya ferina, Common Pochard Aythya baeri, Baer's Pochard Aythya collaris, Ring-necked Duck Aythya fuligula, Tufted Duck Aythya marila, Greater Scaup Aythya affinis, Lesser Scaup Polysticta stelleri, Steller's Eider Somateria fischeri, Spectacled Eider Somateria spectabilis, King Eider Somateria mollissima, Common Eider Histrionicus histrionicus, Harlequin Duck Melanitta perspicillata, Surf Scoter Melanitta fusca, White-winged Scoter Melanitta nigra, Common Scoter Melanitta americana, Black Scoter Clangula hyemalis, Long-tailed Duck Bucephala albeola, Bufflehead Bucephala clangula, Common Goldeneye Bucephala islandica, Barrow's Goldeneye Mergellus albellus, Smew Lophodytes cucullatus, Hooded Merganser Mergus merganser, Common Merganser Mergus serrator, Red-breasted Merganser Nomonyx dominicus, Masked Duck Oxyura jamaicensis, Ruddy Duck Order PHOENICOPTERIFORMES Family PHOENICOPTERIDAE Phoenicopterus ruber, American Flamingo Order PODICIPEDIFORMES Family PODICIPEDIDAE Tachybaptus dominicus, Least Grebe Podilymbus podiceps, Pied-billed Grebe Podiceps auritus, Horned Grebe Podiceps grisegena, Red-necked Grebe Podiceps nigricollis, Eared Grebe Aechmophorus occidentalis, Western Grebe Aechmophorus clarkii, Clark's Grebe Order COLUMBIFORMES Family COLUMBIDAE Patagioenas squamosa, Scaly-naped Pigeon Patagioenas leucocephala, White-crowned Pigeon Patagioenas flavirostris, Red-billed Pigeon Patagioenas inornata, Plain Pigeon Patagioenas fasciata, Band-tailed Pigeon Streptopelia orientalis, Oriental Turtle-Dove Alopecoenas xanthonura, White-throated Ground-Dove Alopecoenas stairi, Shy Ground-Dove Streptopelia turtur, European Turtle-Dove Columbina inca, Inca Dove Columbina passerina, Common Ground-Dove Columbina talpacoti, Ruddy Ground-Dove Geotrygon montana, Ruddy Quail-Dove Geotrygon chrysia, Key West Quail-Dove Geotrygon mystacea, Bridled Quail-Dove Leptotila verreauxi, White-tipped Dove Zenaida asiatica, White-winged Dove Zenaida aurita, Zenaida Dove Zenaida macroura, Mourning Dove Ptilinopus perousii, Many-colored Fruit-Dove Ptilinopus porphyraceus, Crimson-crowned Fruit-Dove Ptilinopus roseicapilla, Mariana Fruit-Dove Ducula pacifica, Pacific Imperial-Pigeon Order CUCULIFORMES Family CUCULIDAE Subfamily CUCULINAE Urodynamis taitensis, Long-tailed Koel Hierococcyx nisicolor, Hodgson's Hawk-Cuckoo Cuculus canorus, Common Cuckoo Cuculus optatus, Oriental Cuckoo Coccyzus americanus, Yellow-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus minor, Mangrove Cuckoo Coccyzus erythropthalmus, Black-billed Cuckoo Coccyzus vieilloti, Puerto Rican Lizard-Cuckoo Subfamily NEOMORPHINAE Geococcyx californianus, Greater Roadrunner Subfamily CROTOPHAGINAE Crotophaga ani, Smooth-billed Ani Crotophaga sulcirostris, Groove-billed Ani Order CAPRIMULGIFORMES Family CAPRIMULGIDAE Subfamily CHORDEILINAE Chordeiles acutipennis, Lesser Nighthawk Chordeiles minor, Common Nighthawk Chordeiles gundlachii, Antillean Nighthawk Subfamily CAPRIMULGINAE Nyctidromus albicollis, Common Pauraque Phalaenoptilus nuttallii, Common Poorwill Antrostomus carolinensis, Chuck-will's-widow Antrostomus ridgwayi, Buff-collared Nightjar Antrostomus vociferus, Eastern Whip-poor-will Antrostomus arizonae, Mexican Whip-poor-will Antrostomus noctitherus, Puerto Rican Nightjar Hydropsalis cayennensis, White-tailed Nightjar Caprimulgus jotaka, Gray Nightjar Order APODIFORMES Family APODIDAE Subfamily CYPSELOIDINAE Cypseloides niger, Black Swift Streptoprocne zonaris, White-collared Swift Subfamily CHAETURINAE Chaetura pelagica, Chimney Swift Chaetura vauxi, Vaux's Swift Chaetura brachyura, Short-tailed Swift Hirundapus caudacutus, White-throated Needletail Aerodramus spodiopygius, White-rumped Swiftlet Aerodramus bartschi, Mariana Swiftlet Subfamily APODINAE Apus apus, Common Swift Apus pacificus, Fork-tailed Swift Apus melba, Alpine Swift Aeronautes saxatalis, White-throated Swift Tachornis phoenicobia, Antillean Palm-Swift Family TROCHILIDAE Subfamily TROCHILINAE Colibri thalassinus, Mexican Violetear Anthracothorax prevostii, Green-breasted Mango Anthracothorax dominicus, Antillean Mango Anthracothorax viridis, Green Mango Eulampis jugularis, Purple-throated Carib Eulampis holosericeus, Green-throated Carib Eugenes fulgens, Rivoli's Hummingbird Heliomaster constantii, Plain-capped Starthroat Lampornis amethystinus, Amethyst-throated Hummingbird Lampornis clemenciae, Blue-throated Hummingbird Calliphlox evelynae, Bahama Woodstar Calothorax lucifer, Lucifer Hummingbird Archilochus colubris, Ruby-throated Hummingbird Archilochus alexandri, Black-chinned Hummingbird Mellisuga minima, Vervain Hummingbird Calypte anna, Anna's Hummingbird Calypte costae, Costa's Hummingbird Atthis heloisa, Bumblebee Hummingbird Selasphorus platycercus, Broad-tailed Hummingbird Selasphorus rufus, Rufous Hummingbird Selasphorus sasin, Allen's Hummingbird Selasphorus calliope, Calliope Hummingbird Chlorostilbon maugaeus, Puerto Rican Emerald Cynanthus latirostris, Broad-billed Hummingbird Orthorhyncus cristatus, Antillean Crested Hummingbird Amazilia beryllina, Berylline Hummingbird Amazilia yucatanensis, Buff-bellied Hummingbird Amazilia rutila, Cinnamon Hummingbird Amazilia violiceps, Violet-crowned Hummingbird Hylocharis leucotis, White-eared Hummingbird Hylocharis xantusii, Xantus's Hummingbird Order GRUIFORMES Family RALLIDAE Coturnicops noveboracensis, Yellow Rail Laterallus jamaicensis, Black Rail Gallirallus philippensis, Buff-banded Rail Gallirallus owstoni, Guam Rail Crex crex, Corn Crake Rallus obsoletus, Ridgway's Rail Rallus crepitans, Clapper Rail Rallus elegans, King Rail Rallus limicola, Virginia Rail Aramides axillaris, Rufous-necked Wood-Rail Porzana carolina, Sora Porzana tabuensis, Spotless Crake Hapalocrex flaviventer, Yellow-breasted Crake Neocrex erythrops, Paint-billed Crake Pardirallus maculatus, Spotted Rail Porphyrio martinicus, Purple Gallinule Porphyrio flavirostris, Azure Gallinule Porphyrio porphyrio, Purple Swamphen Gallinula galeata, Common Gallinule [[Page 61302]] Gallinula chloropus, Common Moorhen Fulica atra, Eurasian Coot Fulica alai, Hawaiian Coot Fulica americana, American Coot Family ARAMIDAE Aramus guarauna, Limpkin Family GRUIDAE Subfamily GRUINAE Antigone canadensis, Sandhill Crane Grus grus, Common Crane Grus americana, Whooping Crane Order CHARADRIIFORMES Family RECURVIROSTRIDAE Himantopus himantopus, Black-winged Stilt Himantopus mexicanus, Black-necked Stilt Recurvirostra americana, American Avocet Family HAEMATOPODIDAE Haematopus ostralegus, Eurasian Oystercatcher Haematopus palliatus, American Oystercatcher Haematopus bachmani, Black Oystercatcher Family CHARADRIIDAE Subfamily VANELLINAE Vanellus vanellus, Northern Lapwing Subfamily CHARADRIINAE Pluvialis squatarola, Black-bellied Plover Pluvialis apricaria, European Golden-Plover Pluvialis dominica, American Golden-Plover Pluvialis fulva, Pacific Golden-Plover Charadrius mongolus, Lesser Sand-Plover Charadrius leschenaultii, Greater Sand-Plover Charadrius collaris, Collared Plover Charadrius alexandrinus, Kentish Plover Charadrius nivosus, Snowy Plover Charadrius wilsonia, Wilson's Plover Charadrius hiaticula, Common Ringed Plover Charadrius semipalmatus, Semipalmated Plover Charadrius melodus, Piping Plover Charadrius dubius, Little Ringed Plover Charadrius vociferus, Killdeer Charadrius montanus, Mountain Plover Charadrius morinellus, Eurasian Dotterel Family JACANIDAE Jacana spinosa, Northern Jacana Family SCOLOPACIDAE Subfamily NUMENIINAE Bartramia longicauda, Upland Sandpiper Numenius tahitiensis, Bristle-thighed Curlew Numenius phaeopus, Whimbrel Numenius minutus, Little Curlew Numenius borealis, Eskimo Curlew Numenius americanus, Long-billed Curlew Numenius madagascariensis, Far Eastern Curlew Numenius arquata, Eurasian Curlew Subfamily LIMOSINAE Limosa lapponica, Bar-tailed Godwit Limosa limosa, Black-tailed Godwit Limosa haemastica, Hudsonian Godwit Limosa fedoa, Marbled Godwit Subfamily ARENARIINAE Arenaria interpres, Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria melanocephala, Black Turnstone Calidris tenuirostris, Great Knot Calidris canutus, Red Knot Calidris virgata, Surfbird Calidris pugnax, Ruff Calidris falcinellus, Broad-billed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata, Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris himantopus, Stilt Sandpiper Calidris ferruginea, Curlew Sandpiper Calidris temminckii, Temminck's Stint Calidris subminuta, Long-toed Stint Calidris pygmea, Spoon-billed Sandpiper Calidris ruficollis, Red-necked Stint Calidris alba, Sanderling Calidris alpina, Dunlin Calidris ptilocnemis, Rock Sandpiper Calidris maritima, Purple Sandpiper Calidris bairdii, Baird's Sandpiper Calidris minuta, Little Stint Calidris minutilla, Least Sandpiper Calidris fuscicollis, White-rumped Sandpiper Calidris subruficollis, Buff-breasted Sandpiper Calidris melanotos, Pectoral Sandpiper Calidris pusilla, Semipalmated Sandpiper Calidris mauri, Western Sandpiper Subfamily SCOLOPACINAE Limnodromus griseus, Short-billed Dowitcher Limnodromus scolopaceus, Long-billed Dowitcher Lymnocryptes minimus, Jack Snipe Scolopax rusticola, Eurasian Woodcock Scolopax minor, American Woodcock Gallinago solitaria, Solitary Snipe Gallinago stenura, Pin-tailed Snipe Gallinago megala, Swinhoe's Snipe Gallinago gallinago, Common Snipe Gallinago delicata, Wilson's Snipe Subfamily TRINGINAE Xenus cinereus, Terek Sandpiper Actitis hypoleucos, Common Sandpiper Actitis macularius, Spotted Sandpiper Tringa ochropus, Green Sandpiper Tringa solitaria, Solitary Sandpiper Tringa brevipes, Gray-tailed Tattler Tringa incana, Wandering Tattler Tringa flavipes, Lesser Yellowlegs Tringa semipalmata, Willet Tringa erythropus, Spotted Redshank Tringa nebularia, Common Greenshank Tringa guttifer, Nordmann's Greenshank Tringa melanoleuca, Greater Yellowlegs Tringa totanus, Common Redshank Tringa glareola, Wood Sandpiper Tringa stagnatilis, Marsh Sandpiper Phalaropus tricolor, Wilson's Phalarope Phalaropus lobatus, Red-necked Phalarope Phalaropus fulicarius, Red Phalarope Family STERCORARIIDAE Stercorarius skua, Great Skua Stercorarius maccormicki, South Polar Skua Stercorarius pomarinus, Pomarine Jaeger Stercorarius parasiticus, Parasitic Jaeger Stercorarius longicaudus, Long-tailed Jaeger Family ALCIDAE Alle alle, Dovekie Uria aalge, Common Murre Uria lomvia, Thick-billed Murre Alca torda, Razorbill Cepphus grylle, Black Guillemot Cepphus columba, Pigeon Guillemot Brachyramphus perdix, Long-billed Murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus, Marbled Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris, Kittlitz's Murrelet Synthliboramphus scrippsi, Scripps's Murrelet Synthliboramphus hypoleucus, Guadalupe Murrelet Synthliboramphus craveri, Craveri's Murrelet Synthliboramphus antiquus, Ancient Murrelet Ptychoramphus aleuticus, Cassin's Auklet Aethia psittacula, Parakeet Auklet Aethia pusilla, Least Auklet Aethia pygmaea, Whiskered Auklet Aethia cristatella, Crested Auklet Cerorhinca monocerata, Rhinoceros Auklet Fratercula arctica, Atlantic Puffin Fratercula corniculata, Horned Puffin Fratercula cirrhata, Tufted Puffin Family LARIDAE Subfamily LARINAE Creagrus furcatus, Swallow-tailed Gull Rissa tridactyla, Black-legged Kittiwake Rissa brevirostris, Red-legged Kittiwake Pagophila eburnea, Ivory Gull Xema sabini, Sabine's Gull Chroicocephalus philadelphia, Bonaparte's Gull Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus, Gray-hooded Gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus, Black-headed Gull Hydrocoloeus minutus, Little Gull Rhodostethia rosea, Ross's Gull Leucophaeus atricilla, Laughing Gull Leucophaeus pipixcan, Franklin's Gull Larus belcheri, Belcher's Gull Larus crassirostris, Black-tailed Gull Larus heermanni, Heermann's Gull Larus canus, Mew Gull Larus delawarensis, Ring-billed Gull Larus occidentalis, Western Gull Larus livens, Yellow-footed Gull Larus californicus, California Gull Larus argentatus, Herring Gull Larus michahellis, Yellow-legged Gull Larus glaucoides, Iceland Gull Larus fuscus, Lesser Black-backed Gull Larus schistisagus, Slaty-backed Gull Larus glaucescens, Glaucous-winged Gull Larus hyperboreus, Glaucous Gull Larus marinus, Great Black-backed Gull Larus dominicanus, Kelp Gull Subfamily STERNINAE Anous stolidus, Brown Noddy Anous minutus, Black Noddy Anous ceruleus, Blue-gray Noddy Gygis alba, White Tern Onychoprion fuscatus, Sooty Tern Onychoprion lunatus, Gray-backed Tern Onychoprion anaethetus, Bridled Tern Onychoprion aleuticus, Aleutian Tern Sternula albifrons, Little Tern Sternula antillarum, Least Tern Phaetusa simplex, Large-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica, Gull-billed Tern Hydroprogne caspia, Caspian Tern Chlidonias niger, Black Tern Chlidonias leucopterus, White-winged Tern Chlidonias hybrida, Whiskered Tern Sterna dougallii, Roseate Tern Sterna sumatrana, Black-naped Tern Sterna hirundo, Common Tern Sterna paradisaea, Arctic Tern Sterna forsteri, Forster's Tern [[Page 61303]] Thalasseus maximus, Royal Tern Thalasseus bergii, Great Crested Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis, Sandwich Tern Thalasseus elegans, Elegant Tern Subfamily RYNCHOPINAE Rynchops niger, Black Skimmer Order PHAETHONTIFORMES Family PHAETHONTIDAE Phaethon lepturus, White-tailed Tropicbird Phaethon aethereus, Red-billed Tropicbird Phaethon rubricauda, Red-tailed Tropicbird Order GAVIIFORMES Family GAVIIDAE Gavia stellata, Red-throated Loon Gavia arctica, Arctic Loon Gavia pacifica, Pacific Loon Gavia immer, Common Loon Gavia adamsii, Yellow-billed Loon Order PROCELLARIIFORMES Family DIOMEDEIDAE Thalassarche chlororhynchos, Yellow-nosed Albatross Thalassarche cauta, White-capped Albatross Thalassarche eremita, Chatham Albatross Thalassarche salvini, Salvin's Albatross Thalassarche melanophris, Black-browed Albatross Phoebetria palpebrata, Light-mantled Albatross Diomedea exulans, Wandering Albatross Phoebastria immutabilis, Laysan Albatross Phoebastria nigripes, Black-footed Albatross Phoebastria albatrus, Short-tailed Albatross Family OCEANITIDAE Oceanites oceanicus, Wilson's Storm-Petrel Pelagodroma marina, White-faced Storm-Petrel Fregetta tropica, Black-bellied Storm-Petrel Family HYDROBATIDAE Fregetta grallaria, White-bellied Storm-Petrel Nesofregetta fuliginosa, Polynesian Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma furcata, Fork-tailed Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma hornbyi, Ringed Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma monorhis, Swinhoe's Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma leucorhoa, Leach's Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma socorroensis, Townsend's Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma homochroa, Ashy Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma castro, Band-rumped Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma tethys, Wedge-rumped Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma matsudairae, Matsudaira's Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma melania, Black Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma tristrami, Tristram's Storm-Petrel Oceanodroma microsoma, Least Storm-Petrel Family PROCELLARIIDAE Fulmarus glacialis, Northern Fulmar Pterodroma macroptera, Great-winged Petrel Pterodroma solandri, Providence Petrel Pterodroma neglecta, Kermadec Petrel Pterodroma arminjoniana, Trindade Petrel Pterodroma heraldica, Herald Petrel Pterodroma ultima, Murphy's Petrel Pterodroma inexpectata, Mottled Petrel Pterodroma cahow, Bermuda Petrel Pterodroma hasitata, Black-capped Petrel Pterodroma externa, Juan Fernandez Petrel Pterodroma sandwichensis, Hawaiian Petrel Pterodroma cervicalis, White-necked Petrel Pterodroma hypoleuca, Bonin Petrel Pterodroma nigripennis, Black-winged Petrel Pterodroma feae, Fea's Petrel Pterodroma madeira, Zino's Petrel Pterodroma cookii, Cook's Petrel Pterodroma longirostris, Stejneger's Petrel Pterodroma alba, Phoenix Petrel Pterodroma leucoptera, Gould's Petrel Pseudobulweria rostrata, Tahiti Petrel Bulweria bulwerii, Bulwer's Petrel Bulweria fallax, Jouanin's Petrel Procellaria aequinoctialis, White-chinned Petrel Procellaria parkinsoni, Parkinson's Petrel Calonectris leucomelas, Streaked Shearwater Calonectris diomedea, Cory's Shearwater Calonectris edwardsii, Cape Verde Shearwater Ardenna pacifica, Wedge-tailed Shearwater Ardenna bulleri, Buller's Shearwater Ardenna tenuirostris, Short-tailed Shearwater Ardenna grisea, Sooty Shearwater Ardenna gravis, Great Shearwater Ardenna creatopus, Pink-footed Shearwater Ardenna carneipes, Flesh-footed Shearwater Puffinus nativitatis, Christmas Shearwater Puffinus puffinus, Manx Shearwater Puffinus newelli, Newell's Shearwater Puffinus bryani, Bryan's Shearwater Puffinus opisthomelas, Black-vented Shearwater Puffinus lherminieri, Audubon's Shearwater Puffinus baroli, Barolo Shearwater Order CICONIIFORMES Family CICONIIDAE Jabiru mycteria, Jabiru Mycteria americana, Wood Stork Order SULIFORMES Family FREGATIDAE Fregata magnificens, Magnificent Frigatebird Fregata minor, Great Frigatebird Fregata ariel, Lesser Frigatebird Family SULIDAE Sula dactylatra, Masked Booby Sula granti, Nazca Booby Sula nebouxii, Blue-footed Booby Sula leucogaster, Brown Booby Sula sula, Red-footed Booby Papasula abbotti, Abbott's Booby Morus bassanus, Northern Gannet Family PHALACROCORACIDAE Phalacrocorax melanoleucos, Little Pied Cormorant Phalacrocorax penicillatus, Brandt's Cormorant Phalacrocorax brasilianus, Neotropic Cormorant Phalacrocorax auritus, Double-crested Cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo, Great Cormorant Phalacrocorax urile, Red-faced Cormorant Phalacrocorax pelagicus, Pelagic Cormorant Family ANHINGIDAE Anhinga anhinga, Anhinga Order PELECANIFORMES Family PELECANIDAE Pelecanus erythrorhynchos, American White Pelican Pelecanus occidentalis, Brown Pelican Family ARDEIDAE Botaurus lentiginosus, American Bittern Ixobrychus sinensis, Yellow Bittern Ixobrychus exilis, Least Bittern Ixobrychus eurhythmus, Schrenck's Bittern Ixobrychus flavicollis, Black Bittern Tigrisoma mexicanum, Bare-throated Tiger-Heron Ardea herodias, Great Blue Heron Ardea cinerea, Gray Heron Ardea alba, Great Egret Ardea intermedia, Intermediate Egret Egretta eulophotes, Chinese Egret Egretta garzetta, Little Egret Egretta sacra, Pacific Reef-Heron Egretta gularis, Western Reef-Heron Egretta thula, Snowy Egret Egretta caerulea, Little Blue Heron Egretta tricolor, Tricolored Heron Egretta rufescens, Reddish Egret Bubulcus ibis, Cattle Egret Ardeola bacchus, Chinese Pond-Heron Butorides virescens, Green Heron Nycticorax nycticorax, Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax caledonicus, Rufous Night-Heron Nyctanassa violacea, Yellow-crowned Night-Heron Gorsachius goisagi, Japanese Night-Heron Gorsachius melanolophus, Malayan Night-Heron Family THRESKIORNITHIDAE Subfamily THRESKIORNITHINAE Eudocimus albus, White Ibis Eudocimus ruber, Scarlet Ibis Plegadis falcinellus, Glossy Ibis Plegadis chihi, White-faced Ibis Subfamily PLATALEINAE Platalea ajaja, Roseate Spoonbill Order CARTHARTIFORMES Family CATHARTIDAE Coragyps atratus, Black Vulture Cathartes aura, Turkey Vulture Gymnogyps californianus, California Condor Order ACCIPITRIFORMES Family PANDIONIDAE Pandion haliaetus, Osprey Family ACCIPITRIDAE Subfamily ELANINAE Elanus leucurus, White-tailed Kite Subfamily GYPAETINAE Chondrohierax uncinatus, Hook-billed Kite Elanoides forficatus, Swallow-tailed Kite Subfamily ACCIPITRINAE Aquila chrysaetos, Golden Eagle Harpagus bidentatus, Double-toothed Kite Circus spilonotus, Eastern Marsh-Harrier Circus hudsonius, Northern Harrier Accipiter soloensis, Chinese Sparrowhawk Accipiter gularis, Japanese Sparrowhawk Accipiter striatus, Sharp-shinned Hawk [[Page 61304]] Accipiter cooperii, Cooper's Hawk Accipiter gentilis, Northern Goshawk Milvus migrans, Black Kite Haliaeetus leucocephalus, Bald Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla, White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus pelagicus, Steller's Sea-Eagle Ictinia mississippiensis, Mississippi Kite Butastur indicus, Gray-faced Buzzard Geranospiza caerulescens, Crane Hawk Rostrhamus sociabilis, Snail Kite Buteogallus anthracinus, Common Black Hawk Rupornis magnirostris, Roadside Hawk Parabuteo unicinctus, Harris's Hawk Geranoaetus albicaudatus, White-tailed Hawk Buteo plagiatus, Gray Hawk Buteo lineatus, Red-shouldered Hawk Buteo platypterus, Broad-winged Hawk Buteo solitarius, Hawaiian Hawk Buteo brachyurus, Short-tailed Hawk Buteo swainsoni, Swainson's Hawk Buteo albonotatus, Zone-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis, Red-tailed Hawk Buteo lagopus, Rough-legged Hawk Buteo regalis, Ferruginous Hawk Order STRIGIFORMES Family TYTONIDAE Tyto alba, Barn Owl Family STRIGIDAE Otus sunia, Oriental Scops-Owl Psiloscops flammeolus, Flammulated Owl Megascops kennicottii, Western Screech-Owl Megascops asio, Eastern Screech-Owl Megascops trichopsis, Whiskered Screech-Owl Megascops nudipes, Puerto Rican Screech-Owl Bubo virginianus, Great Horned Owl Bubo scandiacus, Snowy Owl Surnia ulula, Northern Hawk Owl Glaucidium gnoma, Northern Pygmy-Owl Glaucidium brasilianum, Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl Micrathene whitneyi, Elf Owl Athene cunicularia, Burrowing Owl Ciccaba virgata, Mottled Owl Strix occidentalis, Spotted Owl Strix varia, Barred Owl Strix nebulosa, Great Gray Owl Asio otus, Long-eared Owl Asio stygius, Stygian Owl Asio flammeus, Short-eared Owl Aegolius funereus, Boreal Owl Aegolius acadicus, Northern Saw-whet Owl Ninox japonica, Northern Boobook Order TROGONIFORMES Family TROGONIDAE Subfamily TROGONINAE Trogon elegans, Elegant Trogon Euptilotis neoxenus, Eared Quetzal Order UPUPIFORMES Family UPUPIDAE Upupa epops, Eurasian Hoopoe Order CORACIIFORMES Family ALCEDINIDAE Subfamily ALCEDININAE Alcedo atthis, Common Kingfisher Subfamily HALCYONINAE Todiramphus sacer, Pacific Kingfisher Todiramphus cinnamominus, Guam Kingfisher Todiramphus albicilla, Mariana Kingfisher Subfamily CERYLINAE Megaceryle torquata, Ringed Kingfisher Megaceryle alcyon, Belted Kingfisher Chloroceryle amazona, Amazon Kingfisher Chloroceryle americana, Green Kingfisher Order PICIFORMES Family PICIDAE Subfamily JYNGINAE Jynx torquilla, Eurasian Wryneck Subfamily PICINAE Melanerpes lewis, Lewis's Woodpecker Melanerpes portoricensis, Puerto Rican Woodpecker Melanerpes erythrocephalus, Red-headed Woodpecker Melanerpes formicivorus, Acorn Woodpecker Melanerpes uropygialis, Gila Woodpecker Melanerpes aurifrons, Golden-fronted Woodpecker Melanerpes carolinus, Red-bellied Woodpecker Sphyrapicus thyroideus, Williamson's Sapsucker Sphyrapicus varius, Yellow-bellied Sapsucker Sphyrapicus nuchalis, Red-naped Sapsucker Sphyrapicus ruber, Red-breasted Sapsucker Picoides dorsalis, American Three-toed Woodpecker Picoides arcticus, Black-backed Woodpecker Dendrocopos major, Great Spotted Woodpecker Dryobates pubescens, Downy Woodpecker Dryobates nuttallii, Nuttall's Woodpecker Dryobates scalaris, Ladder-backed Woodpecker Dryobates borealis, Red-cockaded Woodpecker Dryobates villosus, Hairy Woodpecker Dryobates albolarvatus, White-headed Woodpecker Dryobates arizonae, Arizona Woodpecker Colaptes auratus, Northern Flicker Colaptes chrysoides, Gilded Flicker Dryocopus pileatus, Pileated Woodpecker Campephilus principalis, Ivory-billed Woodpecker Order FALCONIFORMES Family FALCONIDAE Subfamily HERPETOTHERINAE Micrastur semitorquatus, Collared Forest-Falcon Subfamily FALCONINAE Caracara cheriway, Crested Caracara Falco tinnunculus, Eurasian Kestrel Falco sparverius, American Kestrel Falco vespertinus, Red-footed Falcon Falco amurensis, Amur Falcon Falco columbarius, Merlin Falco subbuteo, Eurasian Hobby Falco femoralis, Aplomado Falcon Falco rusticolus, Gyrfalcon Falco peregrinus, Peregrine Falcon Falco mexicanus, Prairie Falcon Order PASSERIFORMES Family TITYRIDAE Tityra semifasciata, Masked Tityra Pachyramphus major, Gray-collared Becard Pachyramphus aglaiae, Rose-throated Becard Family TYRANNIDAE Subfamily ELAENIINAE Camptostoma imberbe, Northern Beardless-Tyrannulet Myiopagis viridicata, Greenish Elaenia Elaenia martinica, Caribbean Elaenia Elaenia albiceps, White-crested Elaenia Subfamily FLUVICOLINAE Mitrephanes phaeocercus, Tufted Flycatcher Contopus cooperi, Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus pertinax, Greater Pewee Contopus sordidulus, Western Wood-Pewee Contopus virens, Eastern Wood-Pewee Contopus caribaeus, Cuban Pewee Contopus hispaniolensis, Hispaniolan Pewee Contopus latirostris, Lesser Antillean Pewee Empidonax flaviventris, Yellow-bellied Flycatcher Empidonax virescens, Acadian Flycatcher Empidonax alnorum, Alder Flycatcher Empidonax traillii, Willow Flycatcher Empidonax minimus, Least Flycatcher Empidonax hammondii, Hammond's Flycatcher Empidonax wrightii, Gray Flycatcher Empidonax oberholseri, Dusky Flycatcher Empidonax affinis, Pine Flycatcher Empidonax difficilis, Pacific-slope Flycatcher Empidonax occidentalis, Cordilleran Flycatcher Empidonax fulvifrons, Buff-breasted Flycatcher Sayornis nigricans, Black Phoebe Sayornis phoebe, Eastern Phoebe Sayornis saya, Say's Phoebe Pyrocephalus rubinus, Vermilion Flycatcher Subfamily TYRANNINAE Myiarchus tuberculifer, Dusky-capped Flycatcher Myiarchus cinerascens, Ash-throated Flycatcher Myiarchus nuttingi, Nutting's Flycatcher Myiarchus crinitus, Great Crested Flycatcher Myiarchus tyrannulus, Brown-crested Flycatcher Myiarchus sagrae, La Sagra's Flycatcher Myiarchus antillarum, Puerto Rican Flycatcher Pitangus sulphuratus, Great Kiskadee Myiozetetes similis, Social Flycatcher Myiodynastes luteiventris, Sulphur-bellied Flycatcher Legatus leucophaius, Piratic Flycatcher Empidonomus varius, Variegated Flycatcher Empidonomus aurantioatrocristatus, Crowned Slaty Flycatcher Tyrannus melancholicus, Tropical Kingbird Tyrannus couchii, Couch's Kingbird Tyrannus vociferans, Cassin's Kingbird Tyrannus crassirostris, Thick-billed Kingbird Tyrannus verticalis, Western Kingbird Tyrannus tyrannus, Eastern Kingbird Tyrannus dominicensis, Gray Kingbird Tyrannus caudifasciatus, Loggerhead Kingbird Tyrannus forficatus, Scissor-tailed Flycatcher Tyrannus savana, Fork-tailed Flycatcher Family LANIIDAE Lanius cristatus, Brown Shrike [[Page 61305]] Lanius ludovicianus, Loggerhead Shrike Lanius borealis, Northern Shrike Family VIREONIDAE Vireo atricapilla, Black-capped Vireo Vireo griseus, White-eyed Vireo Vireo crassirostris, Thick-billed Vireo Vireo latimeri, Puerto Rican Vireo Vireo gundlachii, Cuban Vireo Vireo bellii, Bell's Vireo Vireo vicinior, Gray Vireo Vireo huttoni, Hutton's Vireo Vireo flavifrons, Yellow-throated Vireo Vireo cassinii, Cassin's Vireo Vireo solitarius, Blue-headed Vireo Vireo plumbeus, Plumbeous Vireo Vireo philadelphicus, Philadelphia Vireo Vireo gilvus, Warbling Vireo Vireo olivaceus, Red-eyed Vireo Vireo flavoviridis, Yellow-green Vireo Vireo altiloquus, Black-whiskered Vireo Vireo magister, Yucatan Vireo Family CORVIDAE Perisoreus canadensis, Canada Jay Psilorhinus morio, Brown Jay Cyanocorax yncas, Green Jay Gymnorhinus cyanocephalus, Pinyon Jay Cyanocitta stelleri, Steller's Jay Cyanocitta cristata, Blue Jay Aphelocoma coerulescens, Florida Scrub-Jay Aphelocoma insularis, Island Scrub-Jay Aphelocoma californica, California Scrub-Jay Aphelocoma woodhouseii, Woodhouse's Scrub-Jay Aphelocoma wollweberi, Mexican Jay Nucifraga columbiana, Clark's Nutcracker Pica hudsonia, Black-billed Magpie Pica nuttalli, Yellow-billed Magpie Corvus monedula, Eurasian Jackdaw Corvus kubaryi, Mariana Crow Corvus brachyrhynchos, American Crow Corvus caurinus, Northwestern Crow Corvus leucognaphalus, White-necked Crow Corvus imparatus, Tamaulipas Crow Corvus ossifragus, Fish Crow Corvus hawaiiensis, Hawaiian Crow Corvus cryptoleucus, Chihuahuan Raven Corvus corax, Common Raven Family ALAUDIDAE Alauda arvensis, Eurasian Skylark Eremophila alpestris, Horned Lark Family HIRUNDINIDAE Subfamily HIRUNDININAE Progne subis, Purple Martin Progne cryptoleuca, Cuban Martin Progne dominicensis, Caribbean Martin Progne chalybea, Gray-breasted Martin Progne elegans, Southern Martin Progne tapera, Brown-chested Martin Tachycineta bicolor, Tree Swallow Tachycineta albilinea, Mangrove Swallow Tachycineta thalassina, Violet-green Swallow Tachycineta cyaneoviridis, Bahama Swallow Stelgidopteryx serripennis, Northern Rough-winged Swallow Riparia riparia, Bank Swallow Petrochelidon pyrrhonota, Cliff Swallow Petrochelidon fulva, Cave Swallow Hirundo rustica, Barn Swallow Delichon urbicum, Common House-Martin Family PARIDAE Poecile carolinensis, Carolina Chickadee Poecile atricapillus, Black-capped Chickadee Poecile gambeli, Mountain Chickadee Poecile sclateri, Mexican Chickadee Poecile rufescens, Chestnut-backed Chickadee Poecile hudsonicus, Boreal Chickadee Poecile cinctus, Gray-headed Chickadee Baeolophus wollweberi, Bridled Titmouse Baeolophus inornatus, Oak Titmouse Baeolophus ridgwayi, Juniper Titmouse Baeolophus bicolor, Tufted Titmouse Baeolophus atricristatus, Black-crested Titmouse Family REMIZIDAE Auriparus flaviceps, Verdin Family AEGITHALIDAE Psaltriparus minimus, Bushtit Family SITTIDAE Subfamily SITTINAE Sitta canadensis, Red-breasted Nuthatch Sitta carolinensis, White-breasted Nuthatch Sitta pygmaea, Pygmy Nuthatch Sitta pusilla, Brown-headed Nuthatch Family CERTHIIDAE Subfamily CERTHIINAE Certhia americana, Brown Creeper Family TROGLODYTIDAE Salpinctes obsoletus, Rock Wren Catherpes mexicanus, Canyon Wren Troglodytes aedon, House Wren Troglodytes pacificus, Pacific Wren Troglodytes hiemalis, Winter Wren Cistothorus platensis, Sedge Wren Cistothorus palustris, Marsh Wren Thryothorus ludovicianus, Carolina Wren Thryomanes bewickii, Bewick's Wren Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus, Cactus Wren Thryophilus sinaloa, Sinaloa Wren Family POLIOPTILIDAE Polioptila caerulea, Blue-Gray Gnatcatcher Polioptila californica, California Gnatcatcher Polioptila melanura, Black-tailed Gnatcatcher Polioptila nigriceps, Black-capped Gnatcatcher Family CINCLIDAE Cinclus mexicanus, American Dipper Family REGULIDAE Regulus satrapa, Golden-crowned Kinglet Regulus calendula, Ruby-crowned Kinglet Family PHYLLOSCOPIDAE Phylloscopus trochilus, Willow Warbler Phylloscopus collybita, Common Chiffchaff Phylloscopus sibilatrix, Wood Warbler Phylloscopus fuscatus, Dusky Warbler Phylloscopus proregulus, Pallas's Leaf Warbler Phylloscopus inornatus, Yellow-browed Warbler Phylloscopus borealis, Arctic Warbler Phylloscopus examinandus, Kamchatka Leaf Warbler Family SYLVIIDAE Sylvia curruca, Lesser Whitethroat Chamaea fasciata, Wrentit Family ACROCEPHALIDAE Acrocephalus luscinius, Nightingale Reed Warbler Acrocephalus hiwae, Saipan Reed warbler Acrocephalus nijoi, Aguiguan Reed Warbler Acrocephalus yamashinae, Pagan Reed Warbler Acrocephalus familiaris, Millerbird Acrocephalus schoenobaenus, Sedge Warbler Acrocephalus dumetorum, Blyth's Reed Warbler Family LOCUSTELLIDAE Locustella ochotensis, Middendorff's Grasshopper-Warbler Locustella lanceolata, Lanceolated Warbler Family MUSCICAPIDAE Muscicapa griseisticta, Gray-streaked Flycatcher Muscicapa dauurica, Asian Brown Flycatcher Muscicapa striata, Spotted Flycatcher Muscicapa sibirica, Dark-sided Flycatcher Larvivora cyane, Siberian Blue Robin Larvivora sibilans, Rufous-tailed Robin Cyanecula svecica, Bluethroat Calliope calliope, Siberian Rubythroat Tarsiger cyanurus, Red-flanked Bluetail Ficedula narcissina, Narcissus Flycatcher Ficedula mugimaki, Mugimaki Flycatcher Ficedula albicilla, Taiga Flycatcher Phoenicurus phoenicurus, Common Redstart Saxicola torquatus, Stonechat Oenanthe oenanthe, Northern Wheatear Family TURDIDAE Monticola solitarius, Blue Rock-Thrush Sialia sialis, Eastern Bluebird Sialia mexicana, Western Bluebird Sialia currucoides, Mountain Bluebird Myadestes townsendi, Townsend's Solitaire Myadestes occidentalis, Brown-backed Solitaire Myadestes myadestinus, K[ccedil]ma`o Myadestes lanaiensis, Oloma`o Myadestes obscurus, `O[ccedil]ma'o Myadestes palmeri, Puaiohi Catharus aurantiirostris, Orange-billed Nightingale-Thrush Catharus mexicanus, Black-headed Nightingale-Thrush Catharus fuscescens, Veery Catharus minimus, Gray-cheeked Thrush Catharus bicknelli, Bicknell's Thrush Catharus ustulatus, Swainson's Thrush Catharus guttatus, Hermit Thrush Hylocichla mustelina, Wood Thrush Turdus obscurus, Eyebrowed Thrush Turdus naumanni, Dusky Thrush Turdus pilaris, Fieldfare Turdus iliacus, Redwing Turdus grayi, Clay-colored Thrush Turdus assimilis, White-throated Thrush Turdus rufopalliatus, Rufous-backed Robin Turdus migratorius, American Robin Turdus plumbeus, Red-legged Thrush Ixoreus naevius, Varied Thrush Ridgwayia pinicola, Aztec Thrush Family MIMIDAE Melanotis caerulescens, Blue Mockingbird Melanoptila glabrirostris, Black Catbird Dumetella carolinensis, Gray Catbird Margarops fuscatus, Pearly-eyed Thrasher Toxostoma curvirostre, Curve-billed Thrasher Toxostoma rufum, Brown Thrasher Toxostoma longirostre, Long-billed Thrasher Toxostoma bendirei, Bendire's Thrasher Toxostoma redivivum, California Thrasher Toxostoma lecontei, LeConte's Thrasher Toxostoma crissale, Crissal Thrasher [[Page 61306]] Oreoscoptes montanus, Sage Thrasher Mimus gundlachii, Bahama Mockingbird Mimus polyglottos, Northern Mockingbird Family STURNIDAE Agropsar philippensis, Chestnut-cheeked Starling Spodiopsar cineraceus, White-cheeked Starling Family BOMBYCILLIDAE Bombycilla garrulus, Bohemian Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum, Cedar Waxwing Family PTILIOGONATIDAE Ptiliogonys cinereus, Gray Silky-flycatcher Phainopepla nitens, Phainopepla Family PEUCEDRAMIDAE Peucedramus taeniatus, Olive Warbler Family PRUNELLIDAE Prunella montanella, Siberian Accentor Family MOTACILLIDAE Motacilla tschutschensis, Eastern Yellow Wagtail Motacilla citreola, Citrine Wagtail Motacilla cinerea, Gray Wagtail Motacilla alba, White Wagtail Anthus trivialis, Tree Pipit Anthus hodgsoni, Olive-backed Pipit Anthus gustavi, Pechora Pipit Anthus cervinus, Red-throated Pipit Anthus rubescens, American Pipit Anthus spragueii, Sprague's Pipit Family FRINGILLIDAE Subfamily FRINGILLINAE Fringilla coelebs, Common Chaffinch Fringilla montifringilla, Brambling Subfamily EUPHONIINAE Euphonia musica, Antillean Euphonia Subfamily CARDUELINAE Coccothraustes vespertinus, Evening Grosbeak Coccothraustes coccothraustes, Hawfinch Carpodacus erythrinus, Common Rosefinch Melamprosops phaeosoma, Po`ouli Oreomystis bairdi, `Akikiki Paroreomyza maculata, O`ahu `Alauahio Paroreomyza flammea, K[atilde]k[atilde]wahie Paroreomyza montana, Maui `Alauahio Loxioides bailleui, Palila Telespiza cantans, Laysan Finch Telespiza ultima, Nihoa Finch Palmeria dolei, `Akohekohe Himatione fraithii, Laysan Honeycreeper Himatione sanguinea, `Apapane Drepanis coccinea, `I`iwi Psittirostra psittacea, `[Otilde]`[utilde] Pseudonestor xanthophrys, Maui Parrotbill Hemignathus hanapepe, Kauai Nukupu`u Hemignathus lucidus, O`ahu Nukupu`u Hemignathus affinis, Maui Nukupu`u Hemignathus wilsoni, `Akiapola`au Akialoa stejnegeri, Kauai `Akialoa Akialoa ellisiana, O`ahu `Akialoa Akialoa lanaiensis, Maui Nui `Akialoa Magumma parva, `Anianiau Chlorodrepanis virens, Hawaii `Amakihi Chlorodrepanis flava, O`ahu `Amakihi Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri, Kauai `Amakihi Loxops mana, Hawaii Creeper Loxops caeruleirostris, `Akeke`e Loxops wolstenholmei, O`ahu `Akepa Loxops ochraceus, Maui `Akepa Loxops coccineus, Hawaii `Akepa Pinicola enucleator, Pine Grosbeak Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Eurasian Bullfinch Leucosticte arctoa, Asian Rosy-Finch Leucosticte tephrocotis, Gray-crowned Rosy-Finch Leucosticte atrata, Black Rosy-Finch Leucosticte australis, Brown-capped Rosy-Finch Haemorhous mexicanus, House Finch Haemorhous purpureus, Purple Finch Haemorhous cassinii, Cassin's Finch Chloris sinica, Oriental Greenfinch Acanthis flammea, Common Redpoll Acanthis hornemanni, Hoary Redpoll Loxia curvirostra, Red Crossbill Loxia sinesciuris, Cassia Crossbill Loxia leucoptera, White-winged Crossbill Spinus spinus, Eurasian Siskin Spinus pinus, Pine Siskin Spinus psaltria, Lesser Goldfinch Spinus lawrencei, Lawrence's Goldfinch Spinus tristis, American Goldfinch Family CALCARIIDAE Calcarius lapponicus, Lapland Longspur Calcarius ornatus, Chestnut-collared Longspur Calcarius pictus, Smith's Longspur Rhynchophanes mccownii, McCown's Longspur Plectrophenax nivalis, Snow Bunting Plectrophenax hyperboreus, McKay's Bunting Family EMBERIZIDAE Emberiza leucocephalos, Pine Bunting Emberiza chrysophrys, Yellow-browed Bunting Emberiza pusilla, Little Bunting Emberiza rustica, Rustic Bunting Emberiza elegans, Yellow-throated Bunting Emberiza aureola, Yellow-breasted Bunting Emberiza variabilis, Gray Bunting Emberiza pallasi, Pallas's Bunting Emberiza schoeniclus, Reed Bunting Family PASSERELLIDAE Arremonops rufivirgatus, Olive Sparrow Pipilo chlorurus, Green-tailed Towhee Pipilo maculatus, Spotted Towhee Pipilo erythrophthalmus, Eastern Towhee Aimophila ruficeps, Rufous-crowned Sparrow Melozone fusca, Canyon Towhee Melozone crissalis, California Towhee Melozone aberti, Abert's Towhee Peucaea carpalis, Rufous-winged Sparrow Peucaea botterii, Botteri's Sparrow Peucaea cassinii, Cassin's Sparrow Peucaea aestivalis, Bachman's Sparrow Spizelloides arborea, American Tree Sparrow Spizella passerina, Chipping Sparrow Spizella pallida, Clay-colored Sparrow Spizella breweri, Brewer's Sparrow Spizella pusilla, Field Sparrow Spizella wortheni, Worthen's Sparrow Spizella atrogularis, Black-chinned Sparrow Pooecetes gramineus, Vesper Sparrow Chondestes grammacus, Lark Sparrow Amphispiza quinquestriata, Five-striped Sparrow Amphispiza bilineata, Black-throated Sparrow Artemisiospiza nevadensis, Sagebrush Sparrow Artemisiospiza belli, Bell's Sparrow Calamospiza melanocorys, Lark Bunting Passerculus sandwichensis, Savannah Sparrow Ammodramus savannarum, Grasshopper Sparrow Centronyx bairdii, Baird's Sparrow Centronyx henslowii, Henslow's Sparrow Ammospiza leconteii, LeConte's Sparrow Ammospiza maritima, Seaside Sparrow Ammospiza nelsoni, Nelson's Sparrow Ammospiza caudacuta, Saltmarsh Sparrow Passerella iliaca, Fox Sparrow Melospiza melodia, Song Sparrow Melospiza lincolnii, Lincoln's Sparrow Melospiza georgiana, Swamp Sparrow Zonotrichia albicollis, White-throated Sparrow Zonotrichia querula, Harris's Sparrow Zonotrichia leucophrys, White-crowned Sparrow Zonotrichia atricapilla, Golden-crowned Sparrow Junco hyemalis, Dark-eyed Junco Junco phaeonotus, Yellow-eyed Junco Family NESOSPINGIDAE Nesospingus speculiferus, Puerto Rican Tanager Family SPINDALIDAE Spindalis zena, Western Spindalis Spindalis portoricensis, Puerto Rican Spindalis Family ICTERIIDAE Icteria virens, Yellow-breasted Chat Family ICTERIDAE Subfamily XANTHOCEPHALINAE Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus, Yellow-headed Blackbird Subfamily DOLICHONYCHINAE Dolichonyx oryzivorus, Bobolink Subfamily STURNELLINAE Sturnella magna, Eastern Meadowlark Sturnella neglecta, Western Meadowlark Subfamily ICTERINAE Icterus portoricensis, Puerto Rican Oriole Icterus wagleri, Black-vented Oriole Icterus spurius, Orchard Oriole Icterus cucullatus, Hooded Oriole Icterus pustulatus, Streak-backed Oriole Icterus bullockii, Bullock's Oriole Icterus gularis, Altamira Oriole Icterus graduacauda, Audubon's Oriole Icterus galbula, Baltimore Oriole Icterus parisorum, Scott's Oriole Subfamily AGELAIINAE Agelaius phoeniceus, Red-winged Blackbird Agelaius tricolor, Tricolored Blackbird Agelaius humeralis, Tawny-shouldered Blackbird Agelaius xanthomus, Yellow-shouldered Blackbird Molothrus bonariensis, Shiny Cowbird Molothrus aeneus, Bronzed Cowbird Molothrus ater, Brown-headed Cowbird Euphagus carolinus, Rusty Blackbird Euphagus cyanocephalus, Brewer's Blackbird Quiscalus quiscula, Common Grackle Quiscalus major, Boat-tailed Grackle Quiscalus mexicanus, Great-tailed Grackle Quiscalus niger, Greater Antillean Grackle Family PARULIDAE Seiurus aurocapilla, Ovenbird Helmitheros vermivorum, Worm-eating Warbler Parkesia motacilla, Louisiana Waterthrush Parkesia noveboracensis, Northern Waterthrush Vermivora bachmanii, Bachman's Warbler Vermivora chrysoptera, Golden-winged Warbler [[Page 61307]] Vermivora cyanoptera, Blue-winged Warbler Mniotilta varia, Black-and-white Warbler Protonotaria citrea, Prothonotary Warbler Limnothlypis swainsonii, Swainson's Warbler Oreothlypis superciliosa, Crescent-chested Warbler Oreothlypis peregrina, Tennessee Warbler Oreothlypis celata, Orange-crowned Warbler Oreothlypis crissalis, Colima Warbler Oreothlypis luciae, Lucy's Warbler Oreothlypis ruficapilla, Nashville Warbler Oreothlypis virginiae, Virginia's Warbler Oporornis agilis, Connecticut Warbler Geothlypis poliocephala, Gray-crowned Yellowthroat Geothlypis tolmiei, MacGillivray's Warbler Geothlypis philadelphia, Mourning Warbler Geothlypis formosa, Kentucky Warbler Geothlypis trichas, Common Yellowthroat Setophaga angelae, Elfin-woods Warbler Setophaga citrina, Hooded Warbler Setophaga ruticilla, American Redstart Setophaga kirtlandii, Kirtland's Warbler Setophaga tigrina, Cape May Warbler Setophaga cerulea, Cerulean Warbler Setophaga americana, Northern Parula Setophaga pitiayumi, Tropical Parula Setophaga magnolia, Magnolia Warbler Setophaga castanea, Bay-breasted Warbler Setophaga fusca, Blackburnian Warbler Setophaga petechia, Yellow Warbler Setophaga pensylvanica, Chestnut-sided Warbler Setophaga striata, Blackpoll Warbler Setophaga caerulescens, Black-throated Blue Warbler Setophaga palmarum, Palm Warbler Setophaga pinus, Pine Warbler Setophaga coronata, Yellow-rumped Warbler Setophaga dominica, Yellow-throated Warbler Setophaga discolor, Prairie Warbler Setophaga adelaidae, Adelaide's Warbler Setophaga graciae, Grace's Warbler Setophaga nigrescens, Black-throated Gray Warbler Setophaga townsendi, Townsend's Warbler Setophaga occidentalis, Hermit Warbler Setophaga chrysoparia, Golden-cheeked Warbler Setophaga virens, Black-throated Green Warbler Basileuterus lachrymosus, Fan-tailed Warbler Basileuterus rufifrons, Rufous-capped Warbler Basileuterus culicivorus, Golden-crowned Warbler Cardellina canadensis, Canada Warbler Cardellina pusilla, Wilson's Warbler Cardellina rubrifrons, Red-faced Warbler Myioborus pictus, Painted Redstart Myioborus miniatus, Slate-throated Redstart Family CARDINALIDAE Piranga flava, Hepatic Tanager Piranga rubra, Summer Tanager Piranga olivacea, Scarlet Tanager Piranga ludoviciana, Western Tanager Piranga bidentata, Flame-colored Tanager Rhodothraupis celaeno, Crimson-collared Grosbeak Cardinalis cardinalis, Northern Cardinal Cardinalis sinuatus, Pyrrhuloxia Pheucticus chrysopeplus, Yellow Grosbeak Pheucticus ludovicianus, Rose-breasted Grosbeak Pheucticus melanocephalus, Black-headed Grosbeak Cyanocompsa parellina, Blue Bunting Passerina caerulea, Blue Grosbeak Passerina amoena, Lazuli Bunting Passerina cyanea, Indigo Bunting Passerina versicolor, Varied Bunting Passerina ciris, Painted Bunting Spiza americana, Dickcissel Family THRAUPIDAE Subfamily DACNINAE Cyanerpes cyaneus, Red-legged Honeycreeper Subfamily COEREBINAE Coereba flaveola, Bananaquit Tiaris olivaceus, Yellow-faced Grassquit Tiaris bicolor, Black-faced Grassquit Loxigilla portoricensis, Puerto Rican Bullfinch Subfamily SPOROPHILINAE Sporophila morelleti, Morelet's Seedeater * * * * * Dated: October 29, 2018. Andrea Travnicek, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary--Water and Science, Exercising the Authority of the Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and Parks. [FR Doc. 2018-25634 Filed 11-27-18; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 4333-15-P
Category | Regulatory Information | |
Collection | Federal Register | |
sudoc Class | AE 2.7: GS 4.107: AE 2.106: | |
Publisher | Office of the Federal Register, National Archives and Records Administration | |
Section | Proposed Rules | |
Action | Proposed rule. | |
Dates | We will accept comments received or postmarked on or before January 28, 2019. Comments submitted electronically using the Federal | |
Contact | Eric L. Kershner, Chief of the Branch of Conservation, Permits, and Regulations; Division of Migratory Bird Management; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; MS: MB; 5275 Leesburg Pike, Falls Church, VA 22041-3803; (703) 358-2376. | |
FR Citation | 83 FR 61288 | |
RIN Number | 1018-BC67 |